Applied Mathematics

Academic Year: Spring 2022/2023

1
Week 2: System of linear equations and Matrices

1. Perform scalar multiplication when k=3 the given matrix

3 −5]
𝐴=[
−2 9

2. Multiply the given matrices , A and B

4 9 −1 5]
𝐴=[ ] 𝐵=[
−2 3 7 0

Inverses, Transpose of a Matrix

3. Find the inverse of the given matrix

2 2
𝐴=[ ]
5 3

2
Week 2: System of linear equations and Matrices Part 2

1. Solve the system of linear equations using matrices.

−𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 4

4𝑥 + 10𝑦 = −4

3 2 𝑥 11
2. Solve [ ] [ ] = [ ] for x and y
2 1 𝑦 8

3
3. Solve:

4x + 6y = 14

2x–5y= -9

1 3 −1 3 −2 2
4. A=[0 2 4] B=[0 0 −1]
0 0 5 0 0 1

4
Matrix Eigen-Value Problems

1 2
5. 𝐴 = [ ] 𝜆1 = −5 , 𝜆2 = 2
3 −4

6. Find the eigenvalues of A, that is, find 𝜆 such that det (A- 𝜆1) =0

1 2
𝐴=[ ]
3 −4

5
7. Finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors

2 −12
𝐴=[ ]
1 −5

6
Week 4: Introduction

Ordinary Differential Equation

𝑑𝑦
1. Show that y = x2 – 5x is the general solution of the differential equation 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑥 2

Solving Simple Differential Equations

2
2. Solve this simple differential equation: 2y'=x

Example:

2𝑥 ′
3. 𝑦 = 𝑒 is the solution for the ODE 𝑦 = 2𝑦 for the range 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, ∞).

7
 2 ′′ ′ 3
4. sin𝑥 is a solution for the ODE 𝑥𝑦 −𝑦 +4𝑥 𝑦 = 0 for the range 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, ∞).

Exercises:
𝑑𝑦
5. 𝑦(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 is a general solution of the differential equation 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦 2
6. 𝑦(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 −1 is a general solution of the differential equation 𝑥 − 𝑥2 𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥

8
Initial Value Problem – IVP

7. Show that (𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 is a general solution of the differential equation

𝑑2𝑦
+𝑦=0 𝑦(0) = −1, 𝑦 ′ (0) = 1
𝑑𝑥

8. Show that (𝑥 ) = 𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 2𝑥 is a general solution of the differential equation

𝑑 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
− − 2𝑦 = 0 𝑦(0) = 2, 𝑦 ′ (0) = −3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

9
Week 4: Separation of Variables

1. Solve the differential equation

𝑑𝑦 𝑥2
a) = 𝑦2
𝑑𝑥

b) Find the solution of this equation that satisfies the initial condition y(0) = 2.

2. Solve the differential equation.

𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 2𝑦
𝑑𝑥

10
3. We modeled the current I(t) in this electric circuit by the differential equation

What is the limiting value of the current?

𝑑𝐼
𝐿 + 𝑅𝐼 = 𝐸(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡

Find an expression for the current in a circuit where: The resistance is 12 Ω.

The inductance is 4 H.

A battery gives a constant voltage of 60 V.

The switch is turned on when t = 0.

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Exercise: Solve the following(separable) differential equations

y2
4. 𝑦 ′ = x3 𝑦(1) = 1

1+3x2
5. 3𝑦𝑦 ′ = 𝑦(0) = 1
y−2

12
6. The Newton’s law of cooling for an object is given by the differential equation. where T is
the

𝑑𝑇
= 0.8(90 − 𝑇)
𝑑𝑡

temperature and t for time.

Solve the( Separable) differential equation for T

13
7. (3𝑥 + 𝑥y 2 )𝑑𝑥 − (y + x 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑦 (1) = 3

𝑑𝑦
8. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑦 (1 + 𝑒 −2𝑥 )

14
9. The amount 𝜃 (in g) remaining of a radioactive substance after time(in y’s) is found by
solving the equation

𝑑𝜃 + 0.024𝜃𝑑t = 0

If there are 300 grams of the substance initially. Solve for 𝜃 as a function of t .

10. The growth rate of population of a city is known to be equal to 20% of the current
population.

a) Express the problem as a differential equation.

b) Find the time it takes for the population to double. The initial population of the city was
200,000. Time is measured in years.

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Week 5: Linear Differential Equations

𝒚′ (𝒙) + 𝒑(𝒙)𝒚 = 𝒒(𝒙)

𝟏
𝝁(𝒙) = 𝒆∫ 𝒑(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 ; 𝒚 = [∫ 𝝁(𝒙)𝒒(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 + 𝒄]
𝝁(𝒙)

1. Solve the IVP differential equation

𝑦′ + 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑦(0) = −2

2. Solve the linear differential equation

𝑥𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 𝑥 3 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥≻0

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3. Solve the linear differential equation

𝑑𝑦
𝑥2 − 𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥

Exercise:
1 𝑑𝑦 2𝑦
4. − 𝑥 2 = 𝑥cos𝑥 𝑥 ≻ 0
𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
5. cos𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦sin𝑥 = cos 2 𝑥

17
6. 𝑦′ = 𝑦 + 𝑥2 𝑦(0) = 1

7. 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 tan𝑥 = sin2𝑥 𝑦(0) = 1

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8. If two 9-volt batteries are connected to a series in which the inductance is ¼ henry and the
resistance is 8 ohms, find the equation for the current (𝑖) that flows through the circuit as a
function of time if the initial current is zero.

E = 2 (9 volts) = 18 volts; R = 8 ohms; L= ¼ henry

Find: 𝒊(𝒕)

𝒅𝒊 𝑹 𝑬
Hint: 𝒅𝒕 + 𝑳 𝒊 = 𝑳

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9. The rate of charge of a battery is equal to half of its current charge plus a constant of 10. If
the initial charge is 40%,
Find the time it takes for the charge to double.

10. The volume of gas in an experiment was found to be equal to the ratio of rate of change of
volume (dv/dp) and pressure (p), plus a constant of 10. If the volume at 1 Pascal was 20
cubic meters, find the volume at 2 Pascal.

20
Week 5: Applications of separation of variables and linear

1. The growth rate of population of a city is known to be equal to 20% of the current
population. Express the problem as a differential equation and find the time it takes for the
population to double. The initial population of the city was 200,000. Time is measured in
years.

Time for population to double is given by:

21
2. The rate of decay of the amplitude of an oscillating pendulum is known to be equal to the
ratio of cos(2t) and the exponential of time. If the initial amplitude is 100 cm what will be the
amplitude after 10 sec.

22
3. The rate of charge of battery is equal to half of its current charge plus a constant of 10. If the
initial charge is 40%, find the time it takes for the charge to double.

23
4. The volume of gas in an experiment was found to be equal to the ratio of rate of change of
volume (dv/dp) and pressure(p), plus a constant of 10. If the volume at 1 pascal was 20 cubic
meters. Meter. Find the volume at 2 pascals.

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5. The rate of change of concentration in a chemical reaction, 𝑆′(𝑡) is the sum of the following
two functions: Z(t) and W(t). If the initial concentration S (1) = 0.

Find the general solution for the concentration. The functions Z(t) and W(t) are given below:

−𝑆(𝑡)
𝑍(𝑡) = √𝑆 (𝑡) 𝑊 (𝑡 ) = 𝑡

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6. A particle moves on a 2D surface such that the sum of the
velocity along the x-axis (dx/dt) and its current position in x is equal to
−2𝑡
a) adecaying function u(t), where 𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡
b) Express the problem as a differential equation. b) Show that after a long time
x(t)= −x(t)
c) Find the position of particle at t=2 if x (1) = e2

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Week 6: Bernoulli Differential Equations with it is applications

𝒅𝒚 𝒚
1. Solve the ODE + = 𝒚𝟐
𝒅𝒙 𝒙

1
2. y ′ − 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 2
x

1 −5
3. y ′ − 𝑦 = 𝑥2𝑦2
x 2

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 1
4. y ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 4
3

𝒅𝒚
5. 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝑥𝑦 3
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚 𝟐
6. + 𝒚 = −𝒙𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒚𝟐
𝒅𝒙 𝒙

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Week 7: Exact Differential Equations with it is Applications

2 3
1. (3xy+ y )+(2xy+x )y′=0

𝑑𝑦 𝑥+4𝑦
2. = − 4𝑥−𝑦
𝑑𝑥

3. (3𝑥2+4𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑥+ (2𝑥2+2𝑦) 𝑑𝑦=0

29
4. (2𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥𝑒 𝑦 )𝑑𝑦 = 0

5. (1 + 3𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0

30
 𝑑𝑦
6. (3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑒 𝑦 ) = −2(𝑥𝑦 3 − 2)
𝑑𝑥

7. (2𝑥−1) 𝑑𝑥+ (3𝑦+7) 𝑑𝑦=0

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 y 2 y
8. (ycosx+2xe )+(sinx+x e −1)y′=0

32
9. A particle moves on a 2D surface such that the sum of the velocity along the x-axis
−2𝑡
(dx/dt) and its current position in x is equal to a decaying function u(t), where 𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡

a) Express the problem as a differential equation

b) Show that after a long time 𝑥 ′ (𝑡) = −𝑥(𝑡)
c) Find the position of particle at 𝑡 = 2 if 𝑥(1) = 𝑒 2

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After Midterm

Week 9: Second-Order Differential Equations (Homogeneous And Non-

Homogeneous Differential Equation)

1. Solve the following differential equations (case 1)

a. 𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑦 ′ − 3𝑦 = 0

b. 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ − 6𝑦 = 0 𝑦(0) = 1, 𝑦 ′ (0) = 0

c. 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 = 0 𝑦(0) = 3 , 𝑦 ′ (0) = 1

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2. Solve the following differential equations (case 2)

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
a. − 4 𝑑𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
b. − 6 𝑑𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2

c. 4𝑦 ′′ + 12𝑦 ′ + 9𝑦 = 0

d. Solve the boundary- value problem 𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0. y(0)=1, y(1)=3

35
3. Solve the following differential equations (case 3)

𝑑2 𝑦
a. +𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 2

b. 𝑦 ′′ − 6𝑦 ′ + 12𝑦 = 0

c. Solve the initial value problem 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 ′ + 5 = 0 y(0)=1, y’(0)=0

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Solving Non-homogeneous 2nd order equations

4. Solve the following differential equations

a. 𝑦 ′′ + 3𝑦 ′ + 3𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 5 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐

b. 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑡𝑒 𝑡

Variation of parameters method

5. Solve the following equations

𝑒𝑡
a. 𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑡

37
 𝑡
b. 𝑦 ′′ − 9𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑡

c. 2𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑦 ′ = 4

𝑒𝑡
d. 𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑡 4

e. 2𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑦 = 4𝑡 𝑦(0) = 0, 𝑦(1) = 0

38
Week 11: Laplace Transform Part 1

1. Find the Laplace transform of the functions

a. 𝑓(𝑡) = 1 + 5𝑡

b. 𝑓(𝑡) = 11 + 5𝑒 4𝑡 − 6𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡

c. 𝑔(𝑡) = 7𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 − 9𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠10𝑡

First translation theorem

a. ℒ [𝑒 5𝑡 𝑡 3 ]

39
 b. ℒ [𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡]

Multiplication by time

a. 𝑓 (𝑡) = 1

c. 𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡

d. ℒ [𝑡. 𝑒 𝑡 ]

e. 𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡
f. ℒ [𝑡 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]

40
g. 𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡
h. ℒ [𝑡𝑒 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]

i. A voltage in volts (v) starting at t=0 is given by 𝑣(𝑡) = 5𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡. Determine the
LaPlace transform

j. A pressure in pascal (p) starting at t=0 is given by 𝑝(𝑡) = 5𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + 3𝑒 −4𝑡 Determine the
Laplace transform

k. f(t)= [𝑡 3 − 𝑡𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 4𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]

41
Week 12: Inverse Laplace Transform -Part 2

5
a. ℒ −1 {𝑠 }

4
b. ℒ −1 {𝑠 2}

8
c. ℒ −1 {𝑠 3}

3
d. ℒ −1 {𝑠 4}

7
e. ℒ −1 {𝑠−3}

42
 7
f. ℒ −1 {3𝑠+1}

3𝑠
g. ℒ −1 { }
𝑠 2+5

1
h. ℒ −1 {𝑠 2+7}

4𝑠+2
i. ℒ −1 {𝑠 2+9 }

2𝑠
j. ℒ −1 {𝑠 2−3}

2
k. ℒ −1 {𝑠 2−9}

43
1. Determine the I.L.T

200
𝑉(𝑠) = 𝑠 2+100

2. Find the inverse Laplace Transform of the given function

2
a. 𝑌(𝑠) = 𝑠

3
b. 𝑌(𝑠) = 𝑠−5

6
c. 𝑌(𝑠) = 𝑠 4

2
d. ℒ −1 {𝑠 6}

44
 1
e. ℒ −1 {𝑠 2+36}

8
f. 𝑌(𝑠) = 𝑠 3

−3𝑠+4
g. ℒ −1 { 𝑠 2+4 }

4𝑠+1
h. 𝑌(𝑠) = 𝑠 2−9

10
i. 𝑌(𝑠) = − (𝑠+1)3

45
 6 1 4
j. 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑠 − 𝑠−8 + 𝑠+3

19 1 7
k. 𝐻 (𝑠) = 𝑠+2 − 3𝑠−5 + 𝑠 5

6𝑠 3
l. 𝐹(𝑠) = (𝑠 2+25) + (𝑠 2+25)

4𝑠−10
m. 𝑌(𝑆) = 𝑠 2 −6𝑠+10

46
Week 13: Partial Fractions -Laplace Transform

1. For the function Y(s) below, we find y(t)= ℒ −1 T(s) by using a partial fraction expression

3𝑠+1
a. 𝑌(𝑠) = 𝑠 2+𝑠−12

1
b. ℒ −1 { }
(𝑠−1)(𝑠−2)

𝑠+5
c. 𝑌(𝑠) = 𝑠(𝑠+1)(𝑠+4)

2𝑠+5
d. ℒ −1 {(𝑠−3)2}

47
 𝑠 2+9𝑠+2
e. ℒ −1 {(𝑠−1)2(𝑠+3)}

𝑠 2−5𝑠+7
2. Find the inverse L.T of 𝐹(𝑠) = (𝑠+2)3

48
3. Case 3

a. 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 ′ + 6𝑦 = 1 + 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑦(0) = 0, 𝑦 ′ (0) = 0

b. 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 𝑦(0) = 2, 𝑦 ′ (0) = 1

49
 c. Recall that the ODE, 𝑦 ′′′ + 6𝑦 ′′ + 11𝑦 ′ + 6𝑦 = 1 , with zero initial conditions resulted
in the expression.

1
𝑌 (𝑠 ) =
𝑠(𝑠 3 + 6𝑠 2 + 11𝑠 + 6)

𝑠+3
4. Find the inverse Laplace transform of 𝐹 (𝑠) = (𝑠+1)(𝑠+2)

50
 𝑑𝑦
a. Solve the ODE 5 𝑑𝑡 + 4𝑦 = 2 y (0) =1

(𝑠+1) 1
b. 𝑌(𝑠) = (𝑠 2−1) + 𝑠 2(𝑠 2−1)

51
 𝑑2 𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑦(𝑡)
c. +3 + 2𝑦(𝑡) = 5𝑢𝑠 (𝑡) 𝑦(0) = −1 , 𝑦 ′ (0) = 2
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡

d. Solve the ODE 𝑦 ′′ − 3𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = −4𝑡 y (0) =0 , y’(0)=1

52
e. 𝑦 ′′ (𝑡) + 3𝑦 ′ (𝑡) + 2𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑓(𝑡) 𝑦(0) = 𝑦 ′ (0)0

f. 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 = 0 𝑦 (0) = 1 , 𝑦 ′ (0) = 6

53
 𝑑𝑦
g. 2 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑦 = 0 𝑦(0) = −3

h. 𝑦 ′′ + 5𝑦 ′ + 6𝑦 = 0 𝑦 (0) = 2 , 𝑦 ′ ( 0) = 3

54
 i. 𝑦 ′′ − 8𝑦 ′ + 25𝑦 = 0 𝑦 (0) = 0 , 𝑦 ′ (0) = 6

a. 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 ′ + 6𝑦 = 1 + 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑦(0) = 0, 𝑦 ′ (0) = 0

55
b. 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 = sin 2𝑡 𝑦 (0) = 2 , 𝑦 ′ (0) = 1

56
Week 14: Partial Differential Equations

a. 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 2 find fx (X, Y) and fy(X, Y)

57
 𝑥 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
b. 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = sin(1+𝑦 ) find 𝜕𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜕𝑦

58