GROUP 2

MICROWAVE

INTRODUCTION
Group Leader: Good afternoon afternoon everyone, and of course to you ma'am. i
am Mark Michael Mapanao, the group leader of our group, We are group 2. and we
are here to talk to you about our topic about microwave.

DESCRIPTION OF MICROWAVE
* Microwave have the second longest wave, right after radio waves and has a
stronger energy than radio waves but not as much as infared waves
* Microwaves were discovered in 1864 by a physicist and mathematician named
James Clerk Maxwell.
The waves were used for radar in WWII.
*An electromagnetic wave with wavelength between that of radio waves and
infared waves
*Microwaves are defined as electromagnetic radiations with a frequency ranging
between 300 MHz to 300 GHz. In contrast, the wavelength ranges from 1 mm to
around 30 cm.
EXAMPLES AND APLICATION OF MICROWAVE
1. OVEN
One of the major application of microwaves can be seen in the kitchen appliances
such as a microwave oven. Microwave are absorbed by materials that have a high
water content and produce heat,some examples of this are food, fruit, vegetables
and etc. and the resultant heat cook's the food. and Food that have a higher
concentration of water molecules have a higher chance to cook faster.
2. GPS
The operation and working of a GPS or a global positioning system are based on
microwaves. A global positioning system consists of a network of satellites that
communicates with the receivers present on the earth by constantly radiating
microwaves. The receivers then make use of the ranging method to track down
an unknown location. Microwaves travel at the speed of light. Hence, the
velocity with which the wave travels is well known. This is the reason why
locating a particular place with the help of a GPS is precise and accurate.

3. WI-FI
Wi-Fi is the acronym for wireless fidelity. Typically, a Wi-Fi network works at
2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies. Both the frequencies fall under the category of
microwaves. For instance, the signals by laptop wifi are transmitted at 2.4 GHz,
which falls in the frequency band of microwaves. Hence, Wi-Fi is a technology
that makes use of microwaves for the transmission and reception of signals.

4. BLUETOOTH
Bluetooth is a wireless communication protocol that allows multiple devices to
exchange information amongst each other simultaneously. It works at 2.4 GHz
frequency. All the frequencies lying within the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz
comprise the microwaves. Hence, Bluetooth technology makes use of
microwaves for its operation.

5. Radar
RADAR or radio detection and ranging makes use of microwaves to locate an
obstacle. Microwaves can easily propagate through space and the atmosphere.
This property of the microwaves helps to determine the shape and locate the
exact position of an obstacle. The microwaves emitted from a transmitting
antenna are directed towards the target. On striking the target object, a part of the
energy gets reflected, thereby providing information about the obstacle.

6. Communication system
 Microwaves are used in a number of communication techniques such as satellite
communication, cellular communication, point-to-point communication,
spacecraft communication, wireless communication, optical communication, etc.
This is because the high frequency and the ability to propagate at the speed of
light enables the microwaves to transmit signal over long distances with minimal
loss or distortion.

7. Medical Equipment
A number of medicinal applications make use of microwaves. For example, the
heating ability of a microwave is used to dry human tissues for medical purposes,
the high frequency of the microwaves can be utilized for the surface-based
treatment of diseases, etc. Also, microwaves play a huge role in curing cancer,
vision correction, vein therapy, and treatment of many other diseases.

8. Weapons and Military Equipment

Microwaves are used in the construction of directed energy microwave weapons
used by the military. As the name suggests, these types of weapons make use of
high-frequency microwaves. The high power possessed by such waves is focused
or directed towards the target that demolishes the target. A cloud of high power
microwaves is formed in the air that helps to destroy the enemy drones. The
advantage of using microwaves in military equipment is that they do not get
affected by bad weather.

9. Astronomical and Space Exploration

Microwaves play a very important role in space exploration. They are used in
satellite-based telescopes to get a better view of the earth. The microwaves
possess the ability to propagate through rain, fog, storm, clouds, and other
peculiar weather conditions. This advantage of a microwave helps to elevate the
experience of studying astronomy.
10.Commercial and industrial application
Microwaves are used in a number of industries such as the food industry,
communication industry, medical industry, etc. Microwaves are high energy waves
that can heat or melt an object with ease. This is the reason why one of the major
uses of microwaves lies in industrial heating. Microwaves are also used in rotational
spectroscopy.

ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF MICROWAVE

ADVANTAGE OF MICROWAVE
1. Quick Cooking
– Microwaves cook food quickly, which makes them great for busy people or
for when you want to eat a hot meal fast.
2. Energy Efficient
– Microwaves use less energy than ovens, making them a more eco-friendly
option for cooking.
3. Easy to Use
– Microwaves are very easy to use, even for kids. Just pop your food in, set
the time, and press start.
4. Versatile
– Microwaves can be used to cook, heat, and defrost a wide variety of foods,
from leftovers to frozen dinners.
5. Space-saving
– Microwaves are small and compact, so they don’t take up much space in
your kitchen, making it perfect for small apartments and dorm rooms.

DISADVANTAGE OF MICROWAVE

1. Nutrient Loss
– Some nutrients in food can be lost while cooking in a microwave, as the high
heat can cause them to break down.
2. Uneven Cooking
 – Food can cook unevenly in a microwave, leaving some parts undercooked and
others overcooked.
3. Safety Concerns
– Microwaves can become dangerous if not used properly, such as if metal objects
are placed inside or if food is overheated.
4. Limited Cooking Capabilities
– Microwaves are not suitable for cooking certain types of food, such as baked
goods or grilled items.
5. Potential Radiation Leakage
– There is a potential for microwave ovens to leak radiation, which can be
harmful if prolonged exposure occurs.