DESIGN OF IOT BASED SMART

IRRIGATION SYSTEM
A Project Report Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by

PANDRANKI DIVYA RUPA 19KD1A04B4

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

Mr. S. SURESH KUMAR M. Tech.

Assistant professor, Department of ECE

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

LENDI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution)

(Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK Kakinada, Approved by AICTE Accredited

by NBA, Accredited with NAAC with ‘A’ Grade)

JONNADA VILLAGE, DENKADA MANDAL,

VIZIANAGARAM DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA-535005

2019-2024
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the mini project report entitled “IOT BASED
SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM” is the bonafide work of Pandranki Divya
Rupa (19KD1A04B4), the student of this college, submitted in partial fulfilment
of the requirements for the award of degree Bachelor of Technology in
Electronics and Communication Engineering during the academic year 2023-
2024.

EXTERNAL EXAMINER
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I consider it as a privilege to thank all the people who helped me for the
successful completion of the project work entitled “IOT BASED SMART
IRRIGATION SYSTEM”.
I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my parents for
their encouragement and support to achieve and fulfil my dreams.
I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude to
the Management of LENDI Institute of Engineering and Technology
for providing congenial atmosphere and encouragement.
I sincerely express my whole hearted thanks to Dr. V.V.Rama Reddy,
Principal, LENDI Institute of Engineering and Technology who has given a
lot of support and freedom during our academics.
I profoundly thank Dr. M. RajanBabu, Head of the Department,
Electronics and Communication Engineering for his collaboration and
constant encouragement for the successful completion of this project work even
though he is busy with his hectic schedule of administration and teaching.
I would like to thank my guide Dr. B. SRIDHAR, Professor for his
technical guidance, constant encouragement and support in carrying out
the project work.
I would like to thank my guide Mr. S. SURESH KUMAR, Assistant
Professor for his technical guidance, constant encouragement and support in
carrying out the project work.
Finally, I would like to thank all the Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff
who helped me in the successful completion of this project work. I would also
like to thank all of my friends who helped me directly and indirectly for the
successful completion of my project work.

Pandranki Divya Rupa 19KD1A04B4

 INSTITUTE

VISION

Producing globally competent and quality technocrats with human values for the holistic
needs of industry and society.

MISSION
 Creating an outstanding infrastructure and platform for enhancement of skills,
knowledge and behaviour of students towards employment and higher studies.
 Providing a healthy environment for research, development and entrepreneurship, to
meet the expectations of industry and society.
 Transforming the graduates to contribute to the socio-economic development and
welfare of the society through value-based education.
 Department of Electronics and Communication

Engineering VISION

Emerge as a Centre of Eminence in Electronics and Communication Engineering to impart

quality education towards competent and skilled engineers.

MISSION
 Offering an inspiring and conducive learning environment to prepare skilled and
competent engineers by providing infrastructure, laboratory facilities, and effective
teaching-learning process.
 Fostering culture to face complex technological challenges through Internships, Projects
and Industry-Institute Interactions in order to enhance employability skills.
 Creating an environment for higher studies and entrepreneurship by way of imparting
quality education and promoting research activities.
 Imparting professional behaviour and strong ethical values towards societal issues by
encouraging socially relevant activities.

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

PEO1: Graduates shall have strong knowledge and technical skills in core and associated
fields of Electronics and Communication Engineering to become globally competent
engineers and emerging researchers.

PEO2: Graduates shall comprehend latest tools and techniques in the field of Electronics
and Communication Engineering to analyze, design and develop novel systems and products
for addressing the real time issues.
PEO3: Graduates shall have professional attitude, ethical values, teamwork and good
communication skills, to adapt the rapidly changing technologies in Electronics and
Communication Engineering through life-long learning.

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.

2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems

and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.

4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and

research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.

5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modelling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.

6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.

7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering

solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and
need for sustainable development.

8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.

9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or

leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the

engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
 PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs)

PSO1: Capable of design, develop, test, verify and implement analog and digital electronics
and communication engineering systems and products.

PSO2: Qualify in national and international competitive examinations for successful higher
studies and employment.

COURSE OUTCOMES:
 Abstract

The purpose of the project is to allow the owners of fields to control and observe the
growth of their plants in their farms. This is achieved by using a smart platform of IoT and
solenoid valves to control the flow of water based on the moisture of the soil and gives real
time surveillance to the owners who stay far away from the farms. This project also allows
surveillance on the personnel and their crops so as to not occur losses. It is easy to use for
anyone with a Smartphone and doesn’t require maintenance once set up.
This System consists of Soil moisture sensor – which measures the amount of water
in soil. Mini water pump – to pump the water and mini water tube, Relay module – which
turns the motor on and off.
We are using NodeMCU based board to interface with these sensor and we will dump
a program to this embedded device which by using Blynk app we can monitor the moisture
level in soil and turn on the motor when moisture level in soil becomes less and turn it once
plants are watered fully.

Keywords: NodeMCU ESP8266, Single channel Relay module,12Cmodule

(PCF8574 12C),16X2 LCD screen.

Equipment: Node mcu, Soil moisture sensor, Relay module, Lcd screen, 12c module, Mini
water pump, Mini water pipe, 9V battery, 9V battery clip, breadboard, jumper wires.

Software Requirement: Aurdino IDE.

Programme Outcomes Attained: PO1, PO2, PO3, PO4, PO5, PO6, PO7, PO8, PO9, PO10,
PO11, PO12

Programme Specific Outcomes Attained: PSO1

COURSE OUTCOMES VS POs MAPPING

(DETAILED; HIGH: 3 MEDIUM: 2; LOW:1)

 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 : GOAL OF THE THESIS:

The goal of Smart water irrigation system is to maximize irrigation efficiency by

reducing water waste, while maintaining plant health and quality. Incorporating smart
irrigation technology in the landscape can potentially reduce outdoor water consumption.

1.2. INTRODUCTION TO NODEMCU HARDWARE:

NodeMCU is an open source firmware for which open source prototyping

board designs are available. The name "NodeMCU" combines "node" and "MCU" (micro-
controller -unit).The term "NodeMCU" strictly speaking refers to the firmware rather than
the associated development kits. Both the firmware and prototyping board designs are open
source. The firmware uses the Lua scripting language. The firmware is based on the eLua
project, and built on the Espressif Non-OS SDK for ESP8266.

Pins:
NodeMCU provides access to the GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) and a pin mapping
table is part of the API documentation.

I/O index ESP8266 pin

0. GPIO16
1. GPIO5
2. GPIO4
3. GPIO0
4. GPIO2
5. GPIO14
6. GPIO12
7. GPIO13
8. GPIO15
9. GPIO3
10. GPIO1
11. GPIO9
12. GPIO10

1
1.3. INTRODUCTION TO SENSOR:

Soil moisture sensor:

The soil moisture sensor is one used to gauge the volumetric content of water within
the soil. As the straight gravimetric dimension of soil moisture needs eliminating, drying, as
well as sample weighting. These sensors measure the volumetric water content not directly
with the help of some other rules of soil like dielectric constant, electrical resistance,
otherwise interaction with neutrons, and replacement of the moisture content.kind of sensor

The relation among the calculated property as well as moisture of soil should be
adjusted & may change based on ecological factors like temperature, type of soil, otherwise
electric conductivity.
The microwave emission which is reflected can be influenced by the moisture of soil
as well as mainly used in agriculture and remote sensing within hydrology.

Soil Moisture Sensor Pin Configuration

The FC-28 soil moisture sensor includes 4-pins
 VCC pin is used for power
 A0 pin is an analog output
 D0 pin is a digital output
 GND pin is a Ground

1.4. Introduction to relay module

A power relay module is an electrical switch that is operated by an electromagnet.

The electromagnet is activated by a separate low-power signal from a micro
controller.
When activated, the electromagnet pulls to either open or close an electrical circuit.

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1.5. INTRODUCTION TO 12C MODULE AND 16X2 LCD SCREEN:

An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and has a
wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly
used in various devices and circuits. A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line
and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. The 16
x 2 intelligent alphanumeric dot matrix display is capable of displaying 224 different
characters and symbols. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data.
The I2C is a type of serial bus developed by Philips, which uses two bidirectional
lines, called SDA (Serial Data Line) and SCL (Serial Clock Line). Both must be connected
via pulled-up resistors. The usage voltages are standard as 5V and 3.3V.
If we already have the I2C adapter soldered onto the board the wiring is quite easy.
We should usually have only four pins to hook up. VCC and GND . The LCD display works
with 5 Volts. So we go for the 5V
Pin.

1.6. REQUIRED COMPONENTS:

1. Node NCU
2. Soil Moisture Sensor
3. Relay module
4. 16x2 LCD display soldered with 12C module
5. Jumper wires
6. Breadboard
7. Blynk app
8. Power supply

3
 2.INTERFACING

2.1. TESTING OF CODE WITH ESP8266:

#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "TMPL3y6n5h6B0"

#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME "Quickstart Template"
#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN
"S_DfYwJG5o9sJF4O3EoWocxBnvhQ03TI"
//Include the library files
#include
<LiquidCrystal_I2C.h> #define
BLYNK_PRINT Serial #include
<ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>
//Initialize the LCD display
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
char auth[] = "S_DfYwJG5o9sJF4O3EoWocxBnvhQ03TI";//Enter your Auth
token
char ssid[] = "diru";//Enter your WIFI name
char pass[] = "devil2k2";//Enter your WIFI password
BlynkTimer timer;
bool Relay = 0;
//Define component pins
#define sensor A0
#define waterPump D3
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(waterPump,
OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(waterPump, HIGH);
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass, "blynk.cloud", 80);
lcd.setCursor(1, 0);
lcd.print("System Loading");
for (int a = 0; a <= 15; a++)
{ lcd.setCursor(a, 1);
lcd.print(".");
delay(500);
}
lcd.clear();
//Call the function
timer.setInterval(100L, soilMoistureSensor);
}
//Get the button value

4
BLYNK_WRITE(V1) {
Relay = param.asInt();
if (Relay == 1) {
digitalWrite(waterPump,
LOW); lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Motor is ON ");
} else {
digitalWrite(waterPump,
HIGH); lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Motor is OFF");
}
}
//Get the soil moisture values
void soilMoistureSensor() {
int value = analogRead(sensor);
value = map(value, 0, 1024, 0, 100);
value = (value - 100) * -1;
Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, value);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Moisture :");
lcd.print(value);
lcd.print(" ");
}
void loop() {
Blynk.run();//Run the Blynk library
timer.run();//Run the Blynk timer
}

2.2. INTERFACE OF COMPONENTS WITH NODE MCU:

2.2.1. INTERFACE OF NODE MCU AND SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR:

Interfacing Soil Moisture sensor with node MCU, the soil moisture sensor consists of
4 pins in which two pins, Vcc and ground pin(GND) are connected to supply voltage. The
remaining two pins are digital (D0) and analog (A0) are the output pins. VCC pin is
connected to the Vin of node MCU, ground pin is connected to the ground of node MCU and
analog pin is connected to the analog pin of node MCU.

2.2.2. INTERFACE OF NODE MCU AND LCD & 12C MODULE:

Interfacing LCD & 12C module with node MCU, the LCD display soldered with
12C module consists of four pins, VCC pin, ground pin, SDA pin, SCL pin . VCC pin is
connected to the Vin of node MCU, ground pin is connected to the ground of node MCU and

5
SDA is connected to the digital output (D2) pin of node MCU. SCL is connected to the
digital output (D1) pin of node MCU.

2.2.3. INTERFACE OF NODE MCU AND RELAY MODULE :

Interfacing Relay module with node MCU, the Relay module consists of six pins,
VCC pin, ground pin, Input pin, NC (normally closed), NO(Normally open), COM(Common
contact). VCC pin is connected to the 3.3v of node MCU, ground pin is connected to the
ground of node MCU and Input pin is connected to the digital output (D3) pin of node MCU.

2.2.4. INTERFACE OF RELAY MODULE , WATER PUMP AND 9V BATTERY :

Interfacing Relay module, water pump and 9v battery. The positive terminal of
9v battery is connected to COM pin of relay module. The negative terminal of 9v
battery is connected to negative terminal of mini water pump. The positive terminal of
mini water pump is connected to NO pin of relay module.

6
 3.WORKING:

The system uses information from the soil moisture sensor to irrigate soil which helps
to prevent over irrigation or under irrigation of soil there by avoiding crop damage. The farm
owner can monitor the process online through Blynk app. Using the app the owner can turn
on and turn off the watering while observing the soil moisture level
NodeMCU is used as an IOT device which is able to monitor their condition from
anywhere in the world.

3.1. PROCESS:

First dump the code into the NodeMCU board if you found any error while dumping
the code then debug the code and dump the code into NodeMCU.
Now connect the Soil moisture sensor to Node MCU. Connect Vcc pin to the Vin ,
ground pin to the ground, analog pin to the analog pin of node MCU.
Now connect LCD screen to node MCU.Connect VCC pin to Vin ,ground pin to the
ground, SDA pin to the digital output (D2) pin and SCL pin to the digital output (D1) pin of

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node MCU. Connect Vcc pin of Relay Module to 3.3v , ground pin to the ground and Input
pin to the digital output (D3) pin of node MCU.
Now connect the positive terminal of 9v battery to COM pin of relay module. The
negative terminal to negative terminal of mini water pump. The positive terminal of mini
water pump is connected to NO pin of relay module.

Once recheck the connection and dump the code to the NodeMCU board. Now the
system starts working. We are able to see the working of Plant watering system on the Blynk
website or Blynk IOT which is
supported in android phones.Once we set up the system by placing the motor in water
tank and fixing the tube near the stem of plant ,and inserting Soil Moisture sensor into Soil,
We can observe the moisture levels in soil using Blynk app and turn the motor on and off
using the button in the Blynk app.
The Blynk IOT website and app plays key role in this System.

The code is compiled using Arduino software. The arduino ide has a feature that can
be a great help in debugging sketches or controlling arduino from your computer’s keyboard.

3.2. ADVANTAGES :
o GPIO pins- 14(6 PWM) for arduino,17 (all PWM ) for nodemcu
 ADC-6 for arduino , 1 for nodemcu.
 Cost : nodemcu is cheaper compared to arduino original (duplicates can be
cheaper than nodemcu).
 Flash:32kb for arduino, upto 50kb for nodemcu
 Clock speed: 16MHz for arduino,24-52MHz for nodemcu
 Nodemcu's main feature is wifi so most iot applications everyone uses nodemcu.
 USB connection : micro -USB in nodemcu, usb type -b in arduino.
 Nodemcu is smart iot enabled with inbuilt wifi.
 More compatible development environments.
 Flexible decision and enhanced function .

8
 4. Outputs And Conclusion

4.1. Outputs

ESP8266 connected to Blynk app Moisture level when plants Change in moisture level while
titled as Plant watering system. are not watered. watering plants and motor is ON.

Moisture Level After watering plants and motor is OFF.

9
4.2. CONCLUSION:

This project has a very useful application for all those people who have farms and like
to contribute to the agriculture of country but are poised with a lack of personnel and
lack of time from their daily duties. This project also allows surveillance on the
personnel and their crops so as to not occur losses. It is easy to use for anyone with a
Smartphone and doesn’t require maintenance once set up.

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 5. FUTURE SCOPE AND REFERENCE

5.1. Future Scope

 This system can be the more intelligent system which predicts user actions,
nutrient level of the plants, time to harvest, etc.
 With using Machine Learning algorithms more advancements can be done in
the future which will help farmer a lot and water consumption can also be
reduced in agriculture.
 The machine learning requires a mass data so our recorded metero-logical data helps a
lot in improving the performance.
 The region or area wise prediction can be done for giving more accurate farming
suggestions of which crop can be grown by analyzing the data based on the soil
and weather conditions.

5.2. REFERENCES

 https:/./wwwsciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427122000791
 https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/iot-based-smart-irrigation-system-
using-esp8266-and-soil-moisture-sensor
 https://srituhobby.com/how-to-make-a-plant-watering-system-with-the-nodemcu-
esp8266-board-and-the-new-blynk-update/
LENDI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

An Autonomous Institution

(Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK Kakinada, Approved by AICTE

Accredited by NBA, Accredited with NAAC with ‘A’ Grade)

Jonnada (Village), Denkada (Mandal), Vizianagaram District,

Andhra Pradesh, India-535005

Head of the Department Project Supervisor

Dr. M. Rajan Babu M.Tech., Ph.D., MISTE, Mr. S. Suresh Kumar M.Tech.
FIE
Assistant Professor
Professor
Department of ECE
Department of

ECE

11
 LENDI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

An Autonomous Institution

(Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK Kakinada, Approved by AICTE

Accredited by NBA, Accredited with NAAC with ‘A’ Grade)

Jonnada (Village), Denkada (Mandal), Vizianagaram District,

Andhra Pradesh, India-535005

LENDI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

An Autonomous Institution

(Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK Kakinada, Approved by AICTE

Accredited by NBA, Accredited with NAAC with ‘A’ Grade)

Jonnada (Village), Denkada (Mandal), Vizianagaram District,

Andhra Pradesh, India-535005

S. No Description

C408.1 Acquire technical knowledge on fundamental aspects in electronics and

communication engineering to solve complex engineering problems for
real time applications.

C408.2 Identify the work based on past experiences and from literature survey
for specific problems in the field of Engineering.

C408.3 Design or develop a software/Hardware model by using modern tools for

a specific problem useful for society/environment real time issues by
following ethical values.

C408.4 Enhance technical presentation skills, project management abilities to

work individually or as a team inculcating leadership qualities.

C408.5 Identify suitable applications leading to enhanced knowledge in project

management and lifelong learning.

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO

CO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2

C416.1 3 3 - 3 - - - - - - - - 2 -

12
 C416.2 3 1 - 3 - - - - - - - - 1 -

C416.3 3 - 3 - - 2 2 2 - - - - 3 -

C416.4 3 - - - 3 - - - 3 - - - 1 -

C416.5 3 - - - - - - - 2 2 1 - 2 -

C416.6 3 - - - - - - - - - 3 2 1 -

C416.* 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 -

Contents
Chapter1 Introduction
1.1.Goal Of The Thesis…………………………………………………… 1
1.2.Introduction To Node MCU…………………………………………... 1
1.3.Introduction To Sensors……………………………………………….
2
1.4.Introduction To Relay Module………………………………………... 2
1.5 Introduction To 12C Module And 16x2 LCD Screen………………… 3
1.6. Required Components………………………………………………... 3
Chapter2 Interfacing
2.1. Testing Of Components With ESP8266……………………………… 4
2.2. Interface Of Components With Node MCU………………………….. 5
2.2.1. Interface Of Node MCU And Soil Moisture Sensor……………….. 5
2.2.2. Interface Of Node MCU And LCD Screen With 12C 5
Module……………………………………………………………………..
2.2.3. Interface Of Node MCU And Relay Module………………………. 6
2.2.4. Interface Of Relay Module With Mini Water Pump And 9V Battery 6
Chapter3 Working
3.1. Process………………………………………………………………... 7
3.2. Advantages…………………………………………………………… 7
Chapter4 Outputs And Conclusion.
4.1. Outputs………………………………………………………………. 8
4.2. Conclusion…………………………………………………………… 9
Chapter5 Future scope And Reference
5.1. Future scope…………………………………………………………. 9
5.2. Reference……………………………………………………………. 10

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