Lesson 2

Identifies various contemporary art forms and their

practices from the various regions (CAR11/12IAC-0a-1)

Identifies the elements of art

The arts share the same tradition and influences
which our country have undergone

The arts can be used skillfully to suggest feelings

and emotions.

They share certain elements and principles

of organization or design.
 In order to understand how to describe a
painting or a sculpture, it is important to
comprehend first the visual elements of art.
These visual elements of art are line, color,
shape, space, value, texture, time and motion.
 Jasper Johns, 0-9 (continuous line)

This refers to a prolongation of a point or

a mark on a surface.
Solid lines can be used in order to define
form while broken lines are typically
used to suggest hidden forms.

A line is defined as a mark with length and

direction, created by a point that moves across a
surface. A line can vary in length, width, direction, Gesture drawing
curvature, and color.
Contour, Diagonal, Broken, Curved, Outline, Implied,
Vertical, zigzag, Horizontal, Wavy, Slanted, Continuous,
Solid, Narrow, Bold
Jackson Pollock, Autumn Rhythm
Andy Goldsworthy
Keith Haring
 This element refers to an area with
boundaries identified or drawing lines.
A shape may be natural or living
forms called an organic shape and
can be irregular or rounded.
It may also be measured forms called
geometric shape.
In contrast to shape which is two-
dimensional, mass/form refers to
solid portions of a three-dimensional
object.
 Matisse, from the series “Jazz”
Fernana Leger, The City
Picasso, Three Musicians
MC Escher, Self Portrait
Tamara de Lempicka
Portrait of Ira P. 1925

Vincent Van Gogh, Shoes

 This refers to visual perception that allows
a person to differentiate objects due to the
way various wavelengths of light are
reflected.
Color is a very important element
because it can communicate information
and emotion to the viewer.
Three properties of color:
❑ HUE - which refers to the basic or pure color, and is represented in the color
wheel.
❑ VALUE - which refers to the lightness and darkness of color. A light color or
tint is the result of adding white to a hue, while a dark color or shade results
from adding black to a hue.
❑ SATURATION - which refers to brightness and dullness of color. It is also
referred to as purity of the color. A bright color can be produced by adding
more pigment to the same hue, while a dull color can be produced by adding
gray or the color’s complement to the pigment.
 The color wheel is an arrangement of primary, secondary and.tertiary colors.
It is important tool to identify which colors can .work.well if used in a
certain.artwork which is the color schemes or color relationships.
These are some of the color schemes:
➢ Monochromatic – involves using the same hue but with different gradients of value.
➢ Analogous – entails the use of three or four adjacent colors in the color wheel.
➢ Complementary – involves the use of a color and its complement -meaning the color located opposite
of the first color.
➢ Split-complementary – a close relative to the complementary color scheme. But instead of using the
color’s complement, this scheme uses the two colors adjacent to the complement.
➢ Triadic – uses three colors that are of equal distance with each other.
➢ Tetradic – also known as double complementary color scheme, this uses two pairs of complementary
colors.
There are 3 primary colors:
Red, Yellow and Blue

These colors are primary for 2 reasons:

1. They can’t be mixed to be made
2. They make all the other colors on the
color wheel
When you mix 2 primary colors together, you get a
secondary color. For example:

Red and Yellow=Orange

Red and Blue=Violet

Yellow and Blue= Green

When you mix a primary and a secondary color
together you get an intermediate (or tertiary) color

Red and Orange = Red-Orange

Yellow and Green = Yellow-Green
Blue and Green = Blue-Green
Red and Violet = Red-Violet
Yellow and Orange = Yellow-Orange
Blue and Violet = Blue-Violet
Color is divided into groups based on the way they are
placed on the color wheel:

3-4 colors
“next-door-neighbors” to
each other creates an
analogous color scheme
 2 colors that are directly
opposite each other (going
across the center) creates
a complimentary color
scheme
A Split-Complimentary
color scheme is a
complimentary color and
the two colors on either
side of its compliment.
A Triadic color scheme uses 3 colors that are equally
spaced apart on the color wheel
When you use only one color plus its tints and shades,
you are using a monochromatic color scheme

A tint is a color plus white

A shade is a color plus black
 Delauney
Piet Mondrian
Jasper Johns, Target
(primary colors)
Colors can convey emotion and feelings too.

Have your ever felt “blue?”

Been “green’ with envy?
Called a “yellow” coward?

It is important that artists understand the

effects of color when they are trying to get
the viewers of their art to feel a particular
way.
• Colors that are often described as
being higher in temperature
• Reds, oranges, yellows
• Associated with fire and sun
• Optically, appear to advance
• Stimulating and passionate
• Colors that are often described as
being lower in temperature
• Greens, Blues, and Violet
• Associated with water, sky, and spring
• Optically, they appear to recede
• Calming and depressing
Picasso, the Old Guitarist Van Gogh, the Night Cafe
This element refers to the feel
or appearance of a surface.
A person may describe as
actual or implied.
Actual texture can be felt
tangibly based on the material
that is used for the artwork
while implied texture can be
exhibited, for instance, in a
painting of fur of an animal.
Texture refers to the surface
quality or "feel" of an object,
such as roughness,
smoothness, or softness.
Actual texture can be felt
while simulated textures are
implied by the way the artist
renders the surface area
Oppenheim Albrecht Durer
Fur-lined cup Rhinocerus
This element refers to lightness or darkness of an area.
This is evident in creating shadows for a two-
dimensional object to give an illusion of depth.

Value is an especially important element

in works of art when color is absent.
This is particularly likely with drawings,
printmaking, and photographs
Kathe Kollwitz, Chuck Close Edward Weston, Pepper
Self portrait (made w/ thumbprints!) (photograph)
Space refers to the area that is occupied by an object or
a subject, as well as the area surrounding that object or
subject.
An illusion of space can still be created in a two-
dimensional surface using perspective.
There are two types of perspective:
• atmospheric perspective, which utilizes the
properties of light and air in depicting the illusion of
distance; and
• linear perspective, which involves the use of
vanishing points and receding hidden lines.
Space is the empty or open area between, around, above, below, or
within objects. Shapes and forms are made by the space around
and within them.

MC Escher David Hockney

Place Furstenberg, Paris, August 7,8,9, 1985 -#11985
 Movement in the visual arts can either be an illusion
or an actual motion. An illusion of movement is more
common in two-dimensional artworks.

On the other hand, actual motion is easily seen in

kinetic sculpture that moves with the wind or are
vibrating with the surrounding air.
Edward Munch,
the Scream
Umberto Boccioni,
Unique forms of
continuity in space

Marcel Duchamp,
Nude Descending Staircase
’
with Really Great Site