Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Using Hans Weh Detailed
Using Hans Weh Detailed
3
Understanding the Entries
• Entries : Arabic words are arranged • A dash occurring within a section
according to Arabic root letters indicates that the following form of a
• Given by the verb, in the perfect form, plural or of a verbal noun, or in some
of the base stem, comes first with the instances the introduction of a new
transliteration indicating the vowel. vowel sound of the main entry.
• It is followed by the vowel of the • All following meanings in the section
imperfect form even if they are not synonymous and are
• The verbal nouns or Masadir are given separated by semicolons.
in parenthesis • Explanation of different Masadir
• Then comes the derived stems of scales, – Scale I
indicated by bold face Roman numerals • Other words derived for Masadir
II through X. – Scale I etc …
• Essentially synonymous definitions are • Explanation of different Masadr
separated by commas. – Scale II-X
• A semicolon marks the beginning of a • Isamu Faa`il, : Active particle
definition in a different semantic range. noun for doer of the action
• Foreign words are listed in straight • Ismu Maf`aool, Passive particle
alphabetical order noun for recipient of the action
4
Introduction to Hans Wehr’s Arabic Dictionary
5
Introduction to Hans Wehr’s Arabic Dictionary
6
Introduction to Hans Wehr’s Arabic Dictionary
7
َص ٌل َ vs.ض ِم ْي ٌر ُمتَّ ِ
ص ٌل Past Tense Verb Suffix vs. َض ِم ْي ٌر ُم ْنف ِ
Past Tense Verb Suffix َض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل َض ِم ْي ٌر ُم ْنف ِ
َص ٌل
ُه ُه َو
ْا ُه َما ُه َما
ْوا ُه ْم ُه ْم
ْت َها ِه َي
َت ْا ُه َما ُه َما
َن ُه َّن ُه َّن
َت كَ اَن َْت
تُ َما ُك َما اَ ْن ُت َما
تُ ْم ُك ْم اَ ْن ُت ْم
ِت ِك اَن ِْت
تُ َما ُك َما اَ ْن ُت َما
تُ َّن ك َُّن اَ ْن ُت َّن
ُت ي اَ َنا
َنا َنا َن ْح ُن
8
اب ِِف اۡل َ ْۡسَ ِاءِ
ات االِ ْع َر ِ
ع َ ََل َم ُ
الجر النصب الرفع
Accusative Case Accusative Case Nominative Case االسمNouns
Example Sign Example Sign Example Sign
ال ْ َم ْس ِج ِد الكسرة ال ْ َم ْس ِج َدِ الفتحة ال ْ َم ْس ِج ُدِ الضمة ) (Single noun االسم المفرد
ال ْ َم َسا ِج ِد الكسرة ال ْ َم َسا ِج َدِ الفتحة ال ْ َم َسا ِج ُدِ الضمة )(Broken Plural جمع التكسري
الم ْسلِ َما ِتِ
ُ الكسرة الم ْسلِ َما ِتِ
ُ الكسرة الم ْسلِ َما ُتِ
ُ الضمة ()Sound Feminine Plural جمع مؤنث سالم
الم َسافِ ِِر ِي ْ َنِ
ُ الياء الم َسافِ ِِر ِي ْ َنِ
ُ الياء الم َسافِ ُِرو َنِ
ُ الواو ()Sound Masculine Plural جمع مذكر سالم
َ َ ِ
البیَنَ ط ََ الياء البیَنَ ط ََ الياء طالبانِِ اۡللف المثىن
)(Dual
أ ِبِ ِي ْ َِ
ك الياء ِأب َا َِ
ك اۡللف أ ُِبو َِ
ك الواو (أب -أخ -حم -فو -ذو) اۡلۡساء الخمسة
فِ ْرعَ ِْو َِن الفتحة فِ ْرعَ ِْو َنِ الفتحة فِ ْرعَ ِْو ُِن الضمة ()dip-tote الممنوع من الصرف
َ َ الكسرة الفتحة الظاهرة ش َاه َد ُت القاض َ ََي
َ َ َ
ُحك ُم القاض َي الضمة المقدرة االسم المنقوص٭
إلى القاض َي المقدرة
الكسرة الفتحة المقدرة الضمة المقدرة االسم المقصور٭
المقدرة
الكسرة الفتحة المقدرة الضمة المقدرة المضاف إىل ياء المتكلم٭
المقدرة
( To be studied in Book 3٭) Note:
9
10
11
Verb Conjugations and Moods
12
َِ َِسل
م
• ِاب ْاالَفْعَ ِال َِ َض َر: ب
ِ ُ َ ب =ب ُِ ي َ ْض ِر
• Root = س ل م
• Scale = I
• Freq : 140 times in the
Quran, in 16 derived
forms
• Meaning :
to be safe and sound
َسلِ َِ
م
َِ َِسل
ِي َ ْسل َ ُم-م
Vowel of the
Transliteration imperfect
Masadir ()م َصا ِدر
َ
Main Entry:
Perfect verb base stem
م َِ َِسل
ُِ َ ي َ ْسل-م Definition in a
different semantic
range
Derived scales of the stem
يُ َسلِ ُم-م
َِ َ َسل
Preposition used for
something Or
someone etc
15
َِ َِسل
ِي َ ْسل َ ُم-م
Phrases, idioms,
and sentences
which illustrate the
phraseological and
syntactic use
16
َِ َِسل
ِي َ ْسل َ ُم-م
Scales V: ِ يَت َ َسل َ ُم- تَ َسل َ َم
A dash occurring
within a section
indicates that the
following form of
a plural or of a
verbal noun, or in
some instances
the introduction
of a new vowel
sound of the main
entry
19
Points to remember and Caveats
20
Let us estimate approximate number of
َِ َِسل
derived words of م
21
Estimation of number of derived words of َِسلِ َم
31
And that is just the beginning …
َوعَل َ َم ءَادَ َم أٱۡل َ أۡسَٓاءَ كُلَهَا
Questions or Comments
Dr. Rashed Z. Bhatti
rzbhatti@gmail.com
32
More examples to practice
33
ِب
َ س
َ ك
َ
• ِاب ْاالَفْعَ ِال َِ َض َر: ب
ِ ُ َ ب =ب ُِ ي َ ْض ِر
• Root = ك س ب
• Scale = I
• Freq : 62
• Meaning :
to earn
َِ َ َص
ب
• ِاب ْاالَفْعَ ِال َِ َض َر: ب
ِ ُ َ ب =ب ُِ ي َ ْض ِر
• Root = ص ب ر
• Scale = I
• Freq : 58
• Meaning :
to be patient
َِ َبَع
ث
• ُِ َ فَت َ َِح =ب: ي َ ْفت َ ُِح
ِاب ْاالَفْعَ ِال
• Root = ب ع ث
• Scale = I
• Freq : 52
• Meaning :
to raise, to resurrect, to
send
ََ َكت
ِب
• ُِ َ ن َ َص َِر =ب: يَن ْ ُص ُِر
ِاب ْاالَفْعَ ِال
• Root = ك ت ب
• Scale = I
• Freq : 49
• Meaning :
to write, to prescribe, to
ordain
َشك ََِر
• ُِ َ ن َ َص َِر =ب: يَن ْ ُص ُِر
ِاب ْاالَفْعَ ِال
• Root = ش ك ر
• Scale = I
• Freq : 46
• Meaning :
to be grateful, to give
thanks
َش ِه َِد
ِ َ : يَس َم ِع
ُِ َ ۡس َِع =ب
ِاب ْاالَفْعَ ِال
• ُ ْ
• Root = ش ه د
• Scale = I
• Freq : 44
• Meaning :
to testify, to bear witness
َِح َم َل
• ِاب ْاالَفْعَ ِال َِ َض َر: ب
ِ ُ َ ب =ب ُِ ي َ ْض ِر
• Root = ح م ل
• Scale = I
• Freq : 41
• Meaning :
to carry, to bear
Basic Transformations
41
ِ ال ِفع ُل ال َمto ال ِفع ُل ال ُم َضا ِر ُع
Changes in Vowels from اض ُي
ال ِفع ُل ال ِفع ُل Looking at the examples on the left, notice the changes in the vowel signs
of 1st, 2nd and 3rd radicals from ال َماضيto ضارِع
َ ال ُم
اض ُي ال ُم َضا ِر ُعِ ال َم
ال ِفع ُل ال ُم َضا ِر ُع ِ ال ِفع ُل ال َم
اض ُي
كَـ َت َب َي ْك ُت ُب
َقـ َت َل َي ْق ُت ُل 3 2 1 3 2 1
)َتح ٌة (ـ َـــ
َ ف )َتح ٌة (ـ َـــ
َ ف
The change in vowel sign for
42
ج َّر ُد َ ) ofباب Six Groups (i.e.
ال ُم َ ال ِف ْع ُل الثُّ َلاثِ ُّي
Common Names/Abbreviations of the َباب
َفــ َعــ َل ــُـ َباب َن َص َر َي ْنــ ُصــ ُر
َف ْت ُح َضم َنــ َصــ َر
a-u
َفــ َعــ َل ـ َــ َباب َفـ َت َح َي ْفـــ َتــ ُح
َف ْت َح َت ِان َفـــ َتـ َـح
a-a
ك َْس َر َت ِ
ان
i-i َفــ ِعــ َل ــِـ َباب َح ِس َب ـب ِ
َي ْحــسـ ُ َحــ ِسـ َ
ـب
The Verbal Noun – اَل َمص َد ُر
An Arabic verb contains three pieces of 1 The action
He Entered - ل
َ َد َخ
information
1. The action
2. The actor
2 The actor 3 The time
3. The time (past, present or future)
The verbal noun ( )اَل َمص َد ُرis a noun which اَل َمص َد ُر
originates from the verb. It contains the action 1 The action
but has no actor or time information.
Since it is a noun: ٌ ُد ُخو
Entry - ل
It declines like a noun
It gets the tanwin, when it is indefinite The actor The time
It gets the definite article ال, when it is definite
It is also called the Original, the Infinitive or
the Gerund
Sometimes there are multiple verbal nouns for
a given verb
44
اَل َمص َد ُر – More on The Verbal Noun
For three letter verbs, there is no single pattern to create a verbal noun
from a verb. Here are some examples
46
How to Construct فِع ُل اَمر
1 ٌ ُم َضا ِر
Start with the appropriate second person ع فِ ِع ٌل فِع ٌل ُم َضا ِر ٌع
1
2 Remove the ضا َر َع ِة
َ رف ال ُم
ُ َح ْ
َتذ َه ُب
3 Make the verb َمج ُزو ٌم. Keep in mind the 3 categories ـ ْــ َتـ ـ ْذ َهـ ـب2
1) 5 easy ones, 2) نwith الافعال الخمسة3) مَب ِني 3 ُ
رف ال ُم َضا َر َع ِة
ُ َح
The resulting word cannot be pronounced as it starts
ُ ُس.
with a كو ٌن ْ ْذ َهـ
ـب
4 To overcome this, prefix a ِ َهم َز ُة ال َو َصلto the verb. The 4
vowel sign on the ِصل َ َهم َز ُة ال َوis determined based on the ْ ٱِ ْذ َهـ
ـب
vowel sign of the ع َك ِل َم ٌة, as follows.