Formula Transformation: 24.

∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑐
########################### • 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 25. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐
PHYSICS • 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 26. ∫ 𝑒 ( 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ( + 𝑐
Area Under curve: • 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 $
27. ∫ ! ! 𝑑𝑥 = sin#$ m:n + 𝑐
(
√: #(
• 𝑣 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 • 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
Error, Dimension, Vector
• 𝑎 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 Common Distribution: ∆< ∆: ∆!
• 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 28. ∆𝑍 = ∆𝐴 + ∆𝐵; = : + !
• 𝐹 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚: 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 <
• 𝐹 − 𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦: 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 • 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 29. [𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒] = [𝑀$ 𝐿$ 𝑇 #" ];
• 𝑃 − 𝑉 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 • 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘 30. [𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦] = [𝑀$ 𝐿" 𝑇 #" ];
• 𝑄 − 𝑉 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 • 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 31. [𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟] = [𝑀$ 𝐿" 𝑇 #% ];
• 𝑃 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 Common formula 32. 𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝐴⃗ = 𝐴( 𝚤̂ + 𝐴= 𝚥̂ + 𝐴> 𝑘y = z𝐴( , 𝐴= , 𝐴> |
,
• 𝐼 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 1. 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = ,- 33. 𝚤̂ = (1,0,0); 𝚥̂ = (0,1,0); 𝑘y = (0,0,1);
Slope of curve . , 34. |𝚤̂| = |𝚥̂| = ~𝑘y~ = 1;
2. 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡 = .( ≅ ,(
• 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 35. 𝑟⃗ = 𝐴𝐵 •••••⃗ = (𝑥" − 𝑥$ )𝚤̂ + (𝑦" − 𝑦$ )𝚥̂ + (𝑧" − 𝑧$ ) 𝑘y
3. 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
• 𝑣 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 •••••⃗
36. If 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑟⃗ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐵𝐴 •••••⃗ = −𝑟⃗
4. 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
• 𝑝 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 37. 𝑖𝑓 𝑟⃗$ (𝑥$ , 𝑦$ , 𝑧$ ) = 𝑟⃗" (𝑥" , 𝑦" , 𝑧" )
5. 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
• 𝑈 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 /01)23 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛. 𝑥$ = 𝑥" ; 𝑦$ = 𝑦" ; 𝑧$ = 𝑧" ;
• 𝑈 − 𝑥 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: −𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 6. % 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 4)4-415 71583 𝑋 100
38. Commutative Law : ⃗ •⃗
𝐴+𝐵 =𝐵+𝐴 •⃗ ⃗
• 𝜙! − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝐸𝑀𝐹 Differentiation and Integration
, 39. Associative Law : z𝐴⃗ + 𝐵 •⃗| + 𝐶⃗ = 𝐴⃗ + (𝐵
•⃗ + 𝐶⃗)
• 𝑄 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡; 𝑛 7. ,( (𝑐) = 0 ⃗ •⃗ " "
,
40. ~𝐴 + 𝐵~ = √𝐴 + 𝐵 + 2𝐴. 𝐵. cos 𝜃
8. 𝑥=1 41. 𝐴⃗ + 𝐵 •⃗ = (𝐴( + 𝐵( )𝚤̂ + z𝐴= + 𝐵= |𝚥̂ + (𝐴> + 𝐵> )𝑘y
Physical Constant ,(
,
• 𝑔 = 9.81 𝑚/𝑠 " 9. ,(
𝑥 " = 2𝑥 42. 𝐴⃗ − 𝐵 •⃗ = 𝐴⃗ + z−𝐵 •⃗ |
• 𝐺 = 6.67 𝑋 10#$$ 𝑚% 𝑘𝑔#$ 𝑠 #" 10.
,
𝑥 % = 3𝑥 " 43. ~𝐴⃗ − 𝐵 •⃗~ = √𝐴" + 𝐵" − 2𝐴. 𝐵. cos 𝜃
• ℎ = 6.62 𝑋 10#%& 𝐽 − 𝑠 = 4.14 𝑋 10#$' 𝑒𝑉 − 𝑠 ,(
, 44. 𝐴⃗ − 𝐵 •⃗ = (𝐴( − 𝐵( )𝚤̂ + z𝐴= − 𝐵= |𝚥̂ + (𝐴> − 𝐵> )𝑘y
• 𝑅 = 8.3 11. ,(
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
For small x: , 45. 𝜆 • 𝐴⃗ = 𝜆𝐴( 𝚤̂ + 𝜆𝐴= 𝚥̂ + 𝜆𝐴> 𝑘y
12. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
• 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑇𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑥;
,(
, $ 46. 𝜆 • (𝐴⃗ + 𝐵 •⃗ ) = 𝜆 • 𝐴⃗ + 𝜆 • 𝐵 •⃗
(! 13. ,(
𝑙𝑛 𝑥 = ( 47. 𝐴⃗ • 𝐵 •⃗ = |𝐴⃗| • ~𝐵 •⃗~ • 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
• 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 1 − " ; ,
14. 𝑒( = 𝑒( 48. 𝐴⃗ • 𝐵 •⃗ = (𝐴( 𝑋 𝐵( ) + z𝐴= 𝑋 𝐵= | + (𝐴> 𝑋 𝐵> )
• (1 + 𝑥)) = 1 + 𝑛𝑥 ,(
, $ :⃗•!
A⃗
• 𝐿𝑛 (1 + 𝑥) = 𝑥 15. ,(
√𝑥 = "√( 49. For angle b/w vectors: 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 =
|:⃗|•|!
A⃗|
• 𝜋 " = 10 , $
=−
$
16.
,( √( "( √( 50. Commutative: 𝐴⃗ • 𝐵 •⃗ = 𝐵 •⃗ • 𝐴⃗
Trigonometry:
• 𝑆𝑖𝑛2𝑥 = 2. 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 ; 17. ∫ 0 𝑑𝑥 = 0 + 𝑐 51. Distributive: 𝐴⃗ • z𝐵 •⃗ + 𝐶⃗| = 𝐴⃗ • 𝐵
•⃗ + 𝐴⃗ • 𝐶⃗
• 𝐶𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 1 − 2𝑆𝑖𝑛" 𝑥 = 2𝐶𝑜𝑠 " 𝑥 − 1 ; 18. ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐 52. ⃗ •⃗ ⃗
𝐴 • 𝐵 = 0 ⟹ 𝐴 & 𝐵 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙•⃗
(!
+
• 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 + 90* ) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 + " ) 19. ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐 53. 𝚤̂ • 𝚤̂ = 𝚥̂ • 𝚥̂ = 𝑘y • 𝑘y = 1
"
Algebra: " (" 54. 𝚤̂ • 𝚥̂ = 𝚥̂ • 𝑘y = 𝑘y • 𝚤̂ = 0
20. ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
• 𝑎" − 𝑏" = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) ; $
% 55. |𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 •⃗| = |𝐴⃗| • ~𝐵 •⃗ ~ • 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃
• (𝑎 + 𝑏)" − (𝑎 − 𝑏)" = 4𝑎𝑏 ; 21. ∫ ( 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐 𝚤̂ 𝚥̂ 𝑘y
"
• 𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑒 22. ∫ √𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = % 𝑥 √𝑥 + 𝑐 56. 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 •⃗ = ˆ𝐴( 𝐴= 𝐴> ˆ
Common mistake $
23. ∫ ( 𝑑𝑥 = 2√𝑥 + 𝑐 𝐵( 𝐵= 𝐵>
• 𝑆𝐼 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 √
 𝐴 𝐴> 𝐴 𝐴> 𝐴( 𝐴= Projectile motion: 7!
57. 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 •⃗ = ‰ = ‰ 𝚤̂ − ‰ ( ‰ 𝚥̂ + ‰ ‰ 𝑘y "8 E4) N
55. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑙(𝑝𝑠𝑒𝑢𝑑𝑜)𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑚 Y
𝐵= 𝐵> 𝐵( 𝐵> 𝐵( 𝐵= 26. 𝑇 = 2 ; 56. 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒: 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛#$ 𝜇
58. Noncommutative: 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 •⃗ ≠ 𝐵
•⃗ 𝑋 𝐴⃗; 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 •⃗ = −𝐵 •⃗ 𝑋 𝐴⃗ 8! K4) "N 57. 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛#$ 𝜇
27. 𝑅 = ;
59. Distributive: 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 z𝐵 •⃗ + 𝐶⃗| = 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 •⃗ + 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐶⃗ 2
58.
G #G "G# G!
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚: 𝑎 = G#HG! 𝑔; 𝑇 = G HG 𝑔
8! E4)! N
60. 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 •⃗ = 0 ⟹ 𝐴⃗ & 𝐵 •⃗ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 28. 𝐻G1( = ; # ! # !
"2 59. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒: 𝑎 = 𝑔 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃
61. 𝚤̂ 𝑋 𝚤̂ = 𝚥̂ 𝑋 𝚥̂ = 𝑘y 𝑋 𝑘y = 0 2( !
60. 𝑎 ↓= 𝑔(𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝜇𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃) ; 𝑎 ↑= 𝑔(𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝜇𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃)
29. 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 − "8! IJE! N
62. 𝚤̂ 𝑋 𝚥̂ = 𝑘y; 𝚥̂ 𝑋 𝑘y = 𝚤̂; 𝑘y 𝑋 𝚤̂ = 𝚥̂ Uniform Circular motion:
"O "O
30. 𝑇 = š 2 ; 𝑅 = 𝑢š 2 ; 2 -1) N
Motion 61. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑚: 𝜔 = š
"8 E4) N V
1. X = Position 31. 𝑇 = ;
2 PQR S 2Y
2. Displacement: 𝑆 = 𝑋C − 𝑋4 = ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑡 8! E4)! N 62. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙: 𝑣 ≥ š [
3. Distance: = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ 32. 𝐻G1( = "2 PQR S ;
D4EF51/3G3)- "8! K4) N PQR(NHS) 63. 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑣 ≤ ¦𝜇𝑔𝑅
4. < 𝑣 >. = 33. 𝑅 = m n;
-4G3
D4E-1)/3
2 PQR! S 64. 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔: 𝑣 = ¦𝑔𝑅 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃
5. < 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 >. = Uniform Circular motion: 2Y([H-1) N)
-4G3
7# H7! ,4E-1)/3(1V/ 53)2-0) 65. 𝐵𝑜𝑡ℎ: 𝑣G1( = š
6. 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒: < 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 > = ; 34. 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝜃 = ; $#[ -1) N
" V
"7# 7! ,N EF33, 2Y(-1) N#[)
7. 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒: < 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 > = 35. 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝜔 = = ; 66. 𝐵𝑜𝑡ℎ: 𝑣G4) = š
7# H7! ,- V $H[ -1) N
7$ #7% ,W 1(
8. < 𝑎 >=
I01)23 4) 735J/4-=
= =
7#8 36. 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝛼 = = ; 7!
-4G3 -4G3 - ,- V 67. 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 =
,K ,L ,M ,< 7! 1+
9. 𝑣 = ; 𝑣( = ; 𝑣= = ; 𝑣> = 37. 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑙(𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙) 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑎V = = 𝜔" 𝑟 Work Energy & Power:
,- ,- ,- ,- V
,7 ,7& ,7' ,< 38. 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑎- = 𝛼 𝑟 1. 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘: 𝐹⃗ • 𝑆⃗ = 𝐹𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝐹 • 𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 • 𝑆
10. 𝑎 = ; 𝑎( = ; 𝑎= = ; 𝑣> = 7!
,- ,- ,- ,- C
,K 39. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑚 V = 𝑚𝜔" 𝑟 2. 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 = ∫4 𝐹⃗ • 𝑑𝑆••••⃗ = ∫C 𝐹 • 𝑑𝑥
11. 𝑣 = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑆 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 = 4
,-
,7 40. 𝜃 = 𝜔𝑡; 3. 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐹 − 𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒
12. 𝑎 = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑣 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 = Force: $ F! $
,-
XG G
4. 𝐾𝐸 = " 𝑚𝑣 " = "G = " 𝑝𝑣;
13. 𝑆 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑣 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 = ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑡 41. 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑚𝑔 = V#! ! C
5. ••••⃗ = −𝑊
∆𝑈 = − ∫4 𝐹⃗ • 𝑑𝑆
14. ∆𝑣 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑎 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 = ∫ 𝑎 𝑑𝑡 YD)
42. 𝐵𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒(𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑔) = m n 𝑚𝑔 6. 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙: ∆𝑈 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
Uniformly accelerated motion YD*
$
$
15. 𝑆 = 𝑢𝑡 + " 𝑎𝑡 " 43. 𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = −𝑘𝑥 7. 𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦: 𝑈 = 𝑘𝑥 "
"
44. 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 ≤ 𝜇E 𝑁 .\ .\ .\
16. 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 8. 𝐹⃗ = − 𝚤̂ − 𝚥̂ − 𝑧̂ ;
7#8 45. 𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝜇Z 𝑁 .( .= .>
17. 𝑎 = Newton’s Law of motion: $
- 9. 𝑊 − 𝐸 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚: 𝑊 = 𝑘C − 𝑘4 = " 𝑚(𝑣 " − 𝑢" )
18. 𝑣 " = 𝑢" + 2𝑎𝑆 46. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑅𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡: 𝐹 = −𝑢
,G
− 𝑚𝑔;
$ ,- 10. 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 + 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 = 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
19. 𝑆 = 𝑣𝑡 − 𝑎𝑡 " 47. 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡 = 𝑊 = 𝑚(𝑔 ± 𝑎); C C
8H7
" 11. 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 = ∫4 𝑝⃗ • ••••⃗
𝑑𝑣 = ∫4 𝐹 • 𝑑𝑥
20. 𝑆 = 𝑡 48. 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑑 2), 𝑙𝑎𝑤: 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 ]
"
8H7 ,G 12. 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑃 = = 𝐹⃗ • 𝑣⃗
21. < 𝑣 >= 49. 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑑 2), 𝑙𝑎𝑤: 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 + 𝑣 ,- -
"
,F ,7 ,G ,G
Uniform Circular motion
$
22. 𝑆) = 𝑢 + m𝑛 − "n 𝑎 50. 𝐹 = ,-
= 𝑚 ,- + 𝑣 ,-
= 𝑚𝑎 + 𝑣 ,- 13. 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑝(𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔) = ¦𝑔𝑅
Relative motion 51. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 = 𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣 = √2 • 𝑚 • 𝐾𝐸 14. 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡(𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)(𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔) = ¦3𝑔𝑅
23. 𝑉:! = −𝑉!: 52. 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 = ∆𝑝 = 𝑚(𝑣 − 𝑢) = 𝑚 • ∆𝑣 15. 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑛(𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔) = ¦5𝑔𝑅
24. 𝑉:! = 𝑉:I − 𝑉!I 53. ∆𝑝 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐹 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 = ∫ 𝐹𝑑𝑡
7!
16. 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑝(𝑟𝑜𝑑) = 0
25. Angle of umbrella n swimming: triangle law 54. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑐𝑙𝑛 = Y 17. 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡(𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)(𝑟𝑜𝑑) = ¦2𝑔𝑅
 " b] XaG
18. 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑛(𝑟𝑜𝑑) = ¦4𝑔𝑅 39. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒(ℎ): 𝐼 = % 𝑚𝑟 " 67. 𝐵𝐸 = 𝐾𝐸 = −𝑇𝐸 = − " = "V
G7 ! "
19. 𝐸𝑞 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑝: 𝑇 = − 𝑚𝑔; 40. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒(𝑠): 𝐼 = ' 𝑚𝑟 " 68. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑔𝑖𝑜 − 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒:
Y
G7 ! $ 𝑇 = 24𝐻𝑟𝑠; ℎ = 36000𝑘𝑚 ≈ 6𝑅; 𝑣 = 3.1𝑘𝑚𝑝𝑠;
20. 𝐸𝑞 𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡(𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡): 𝑇 = ; 41. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑑: 𝐼 = $" 𝑚𝑟 " 69. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 − 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒:
Y
G7 ! $
21. 𝐸𝑞 𝑎𝑡 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚: 𝑇 = + 𝑚𝑔; 42. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒: 𝐼 = $" 𝑚(𝑎" + 𝑏" ) 𝑇 = 84𝑚𝑖𝑛; ℎ = 0; 𝑣 = 8𝑘𝑚𝑝𝑠;
Y
G7 ! 43. | | 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚: 𝐼 = 𝐼Ia + 𝑚𝑑"
22. 𝐸𝑞 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝜃: 𝑇 = Y + 𝑚𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ; Elasticity:
44. ⊥ 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚: 𝐼< = 𝐼( + 𝐼= ;
23. − − − − − − − 1. 𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠:
Rotational:
Collision: Stress Strain Modulus Energy
45. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝜏⃗ = 𝑟⃗ × 𝐹⃗ ;
24. 𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐹 ∆𝑙 𝐹𝑙
46. 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚: 𝐿 •⃗ = 𝑚(𝑣⃗ 𝑋 𝑟⃗) Young 𝐹𝑙"
(𝑚$ − 𝑚" )𝑢$ + 2𝑚" 𝑢" 𝑌=
𝑣$ = = 𝑚𝑣𝑟 = 𝑚𝜔𝑟 " ; 𝐴 𝑙 𝐴∆𝑙 2∆𝑙
𝑚$ + 𝑚" $
(𝑚" − 𝑚$ )𝑢" + 2𝑚$ 𝑢$ 47. 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦: " 𝐼𝜔" Bulk 𝑝 ∆𝑉 𝑃𝑉 𝑃∆𝑉
𝑣" = , 𝐾=𝐵=
𝑚$ + 𝑚" 48. 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: ,- 𝐿•⃗ = 𝜏⃗;
` 𝑉 ∆𝑉 2
25. 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝐸 = 49. 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐. Rigidity 𝐹 ∆𝑙 𝐹 𝐹𝑙
26. 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝜃= 𝜂=
Gravitational: (Shear) 𝐴 𝑙 𝐴𝜃 2𝜃
𝑚$ 𝑢$ + 𝑚" 𝑢" XG G
𝑣$ = 𝑣" == 50. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒: 𝐹 = V#! !
𝑚$ + 𝑚" Xa 2. 𝐻𝑜𝑜𝑘 ` 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 =
E-V3EE
27. 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 51. 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝑔 = Y! ; 𝑔𝑅" = 𝐺𝑀; $
E-V14)
(𝑚$ − 𝑒𝑚" )𝑢$ + (1 + 𝑒)𝑚" 𝑢" 52. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒: 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑔 3. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = × 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 × 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛
"
𝑣$ = XG 51--3V15 E-V14)
𝑚$ + 𝑚" 53. 𝐹𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = V ! 4. 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝜎 =
5J)24-8,4)15 E-V14)
(𝑚" − 𝑒𝑚$ )𝑢" + (1 + 𝑒)𝑚$ 𝑢$ XG# G!
𝑣" = 54. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦: 𝑈 = − 5. 𝑌 = 3𝐾(1 − 2𝜎);
𝑚$ + 𝑚" V
6. 𝑌 = 2𝜂(1 + 𝜎)
$ G# G! Xa 2Y !
28. 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐾𝐸 = " G HG (𝑢$ − 𝑢" )" (1 − 𝑒) 55. 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ ∶ 𝑉 = − =− c % $
# !
V V 7. M
= d+e;
Xa V!
29. 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙(𝑐/𝑤 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙) = −𝑒𝑢^ + (1 + 𝑒)𝑢_ ; 56. 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ: 𝑉 = − m3 − n %e#"d
EF33, JC E3F3V1-4J) 7 #7 7 #7 "Y Y ! 8. 𝜎=
"dHfe
30. 𝑒 = = # ! = ! #; 57. 𝐴𝑡 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ: 𝑉 = −
%2Y
=−
%Xa
EF33, JC 1FFVJ1/0 8! #8# 8# #8! " "Y Fluid
` ` "
31. 𝐽𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔: 𝑣 = 𝑒𝑣; ℎ = 𝑒 ℎ; 𝑡 ` = 𝑒𝑡; 58. 𝐴𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ: 𝑔` = 𝑔 m1 − Y n
,
9. 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 = 𝑃 = 𝜌. 𝑔. ℎ;
System of particle: 10. 𝑃1^EJ58-3 = 𝑃1-GJEF03V3 + 𝑃21823
"0
32. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠: 59. 𝐴𝑡 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑔` = 𝑔 m1 − Y
n 𝑃1^EJ58-3 = 𝑃J + 𝜌. 𝑔. ℎ
𝑚$ 𝑥$ + 𝑚" 𝑥" + ⋯ ∑) 𝑚4 𝑥4 Y! 11. ∆𝑃 = 𝜌. 𝑔. ℎ; ∆𝑃 = −𝜌. 𝑎. 𝑥
𝑥= = 60. 𝐴𝑡 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡: 𝑔` = 𝑔 (YH0)!
𝑚$ + 𝑚" + ⋯ ∑) 𝑚4 12. 𝐵𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝐹^ = 𝜌. 𝑔. 𝑉
𝑚$ 𝑣$ + 𝑚" 𝑣" + ⋯ ∑) 𝑚4 𝑣4 61. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑔` = 𝑔 − 𝑅𝜔" 𝑐𝑜𝑠 " 𝜆 ,3)E4-= JC ^J,=
𝑣= = "Xa
13. 𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = ,3)E4-= JC _1-3V
𝑚$ + 𝑚" + ⋯ ∑) 𝑚4 62. 𝐸𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑: 𝑣 = š = ¦2𝑔𝑅 $
𝑚$ 𝑎$ + 𝑚" 𝑎" + ⋯ ∑) 𝑚4 𝑎4 Y 14. 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖′𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚: 𝑃 + " 𝜌𝑣 " + 𝜌𝑔ℎ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡;
𝑎= = 63. 𝐸𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = √2 ∗ 𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
𝑚$ + 𝑚" + ⋯ ∑) 𝑚4 15. 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖 ` 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑣 = ¦2𝑔ℎ
33. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∶ 64. 𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑: 𝑣 = š
Xa
= šYH0
Xa
16. 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 2¦ℎ(𝐻 − ℎ)
34. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∶ V
Satellite: 17. − − − − − −
35. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∶ $ Viscosity:
36. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∶ 65. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 ∝ V , : → 𝑇 " ∝ 𝑟 )H$ ,7
37. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑔: 𝐼 = 𝑚𝑟 " " " 18. 𝑉𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑢𝑠 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒: 𝐹 = 𝜂. 𝐴. ,( ;
V! V!
$
38. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐(𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟): 𝐼 = " 𝑚𝑟 " 66. 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑: 𝑇 = 2𝜋 = 2𝜋 19. 𝑉𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑢𝑠 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒: 𝐹 = 6𝜋𝜂𝑟𝑣;
√Xa Y √2
 " V ! (g#h) 51. 1𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑒 = 4.2 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒 ∆𝑈 𝑛𝐶7 ∆𝑇 0 𝑛𝐶7 ∆𝑇 𝑛𝐶7 ∆𝑇
20. 𝑇𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝑣 = c 𝑔
d 52. − − − − − −
R <1000 1000- - 2000 >2000 W −𝑛𝐶7 ∆𝑇 𝑉" 𝑃∆𝑉 0
Kinetic theory of Gas: 𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝑙𝑛
Flow Laminar Turbulent 53. 𝐵𝑜𝑖𝑙’𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑃$ 𝑉$ = 𝑃" 𝑉" = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡. 𝑉$ = 𝑛𝑅∆𝑇
21. − − − − − − q q
54. 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: p# = p! = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
Surface Tension(S): # ! Cons 𝑃𝑉 m 𝑃𝑉 𝑉 𝑃
b# b!
22. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑆 • 𝑙 55. 𝐺𝑎𝑦 − 𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑐 𝐿𝑎𝑤: = p = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 tant 𝑇𝑉 m#$ 𝑇 𝑇
"K p# !
23. 𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒: ∆𝑝 = (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝) 56. 𝐺𝑎𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤:
b# q#
=)
b! q!
= 𝑅 = 8.3
Y Oscillation:
"K )# p# ! p!
24. 𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒: ∆𝑝 = (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒) 57. 𝐺𝑎𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 ,!(
Y
&K b q b q b q b q
1. 𝑚 ,- ! + 𝑘𝑥 = 0
25. 𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒: ∆𝑝 = (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑎𝑝 𝑏𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒) 58. )# p# + )! p! = )" p" + ). p. 2. 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: 𝑥 = 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡
Y # # ! ! " " . .
"K
26. 𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑: ℎ = g25 59. 𝐷𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑜𝑛` 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑃G4( = 𝑃$ + 𝑃" + 𝑃% + ⋯. ,(
3. 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝑣 = ,- = 𝐴𝜔 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 = 𝜔√𝐴" − 𝑥 "
$
27. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑆 • 𝐴 60. 𝐺𝑟𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑚` 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑟, = ,7 ,!(
"
sg 4. 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑙𝑛: 𝑎 = ,- = ,- ! = −𝐴𝜔" 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 = −𝜔" 𝑥
28. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝: 𝑅 = √𝑛 𝑟 61. 𝐾𝐸 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐷𝑜𝐹: " 𝑘𝑇
$
5. 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 = 𝐴
29. − − − − − −
62. 𝐾𝐸 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐷𝑜𝐹: " 𝑅𝑇
$ 6. 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑣G1( = 𝐴𝜔
Thermal Expansion:
I i#%" Y e#"k%.$' % 7. 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑎G1( = 𝐴𝜔"
30. = = = ; 63. 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠. 𝐾𝐸 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 ∶ 𝑘𝑇 $ $
$** $j* j* $**
%
" 8. 𝑃𝐸 = " 𝑘𝑥 " = " 𝑚𝜔" 𝑥 "
31. 𝐿 = 𝐿J + ∆𝐿 = 𝐿J + 𝐿J . 𝛼. 𝛥𝑇 = 𝐿J (1 + 𝛼. 𝛥𝑇) 64. 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠. 𝐾𝐸 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒: 𝑅𝑇 $ $
32. 𝐴 = 𝐴J + ∆𝐴 = 𝐴J + 𝐴J . 𝛽. 𝛥𝑇 = 𝐴J (1 + 𝛽. 𝛥𝑇) //
" 9. 𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 " = 𝑚𝜔" (𝐴" − 𝑥 " )
" "
33. 𝑉 = 𝑉J + ∆𝑉 = 𝑉J + 𝑉J . 𝛾. 𝛥𝑇 = 𝑉J (1 + 𝛾. 𝛥𝑇) 65. 𝛾 = $ $
/0 10. 𝑇𝐸 = 𝑚𝜔" 𝐴" = 𝑘𝐴"
" "
34. 𝜌 = 𝜌J (1 − 𝛾. 𝛥𝑇) 66. 𝑐F = 𝑐7 + 𝑅 p p p p
m n 11. • • | • •
35. % = " = 𝛼 %b %Yp %Zp f $" $" f
67. 𝑣VGE = š g = š a
=š G 1 i $ ,i $ ,!\
36. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑: 𝛾1FF1V3)- = 𝛾V315 − 𝛾73EE35 12. 𝑆𝐻𝑀: 𝜔 = š− = š− = š− =š
( G( G ,( G ,( !
37. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑔𝑎𝑠: 𝑃 = 𝑃J (1 + 𝛾. 𝛥𝑇) jb
68. 𝑣G31) = š+g = š +a = š +G
jYp jZp
o #o ( G G
38. 𝛼 = o p!#o#p 13. 𝑆𝐻𝑀: 𝑇 = 2𝜋š− = 2𝜋š− 12 = 2𝜋¿ 1! 3
# ! ! # 1 u v w !x
"b "Yp "Zp 1&
39. 𝛽 = :
:! #:# 69. 𝑣GF = š =š =š 1&
g a G
# p! #:! p# ,\
q! #q# 70. 𝑎 14. 𝐹 = − ,(
40. 𝛾 =
q# p! #q! p# Thermodynamics: G
Heat Transfer: ,t 15. 𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 − 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠: 𝑇 = 2𝜋š Z
3 71. 𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒: 𝑑𝑠 = p
41. 𝐾𝑖𝑟𝑐ℎℎ𝑜𝑓𝑓 ` 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 1- = 𝐸r ; p# #p! 5
- 72. 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒: 𝜂 = 16. 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑚: 𝑇 = 2𝜋š
42. 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑓𝑎𝑛` 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝐸 = 𝜎𝑇 & ; p# 2
p!
43. 𝑊𝑖𝑒𝑛` 𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝. 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝜆G 𝑇 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡. 73. 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝: 𝛽 = G5
,p p# #p! 17. 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑚: 𝑇 = 2𝜋š:M
44. 𝑁 𝐿𝑜𝐶: = 𝑘(𝑇 − 𝑇* ); 74. 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 = ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑣
,-
O
45. − − − − − − 75. 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑔𝑦 = ∆𝑈 = 𝑛𝐶7 ∆𝑇 18. 𝐶𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟: 𝑇 = 2𝜋š
2
Radiation: 76. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦, 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦, 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘
qG
46. 𝑎 Adiabatic Isothermal Isobaric Isochoric 19. 𝐴𝑖𝑟 − 𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑙 ∶ 𝑇 = 2𝜋šg:!
47. − − − − − −
Q=0 ∆𝑇 = 0 ∆𝑃 = 0 ∆𝑉 = 0 y
Calorimetry: 20. 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙: 𝑇 = 2𝜋šI
48. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒: 𝐻 = 𝑚. 𝑐. ∆𝑇 = 𝐶. ∆𝑇 Q 0 𝑉" 𝑛𝐶F ∆𝑇 𝑛𝐶7 ∆𝑇
49. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 ∶ 𝐻 = 𝑚. 𝐿 𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝑙𝑛 (Y#V)($Hn)
𝑉$ 21. 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑤𝑙: 𝑇 = 2𝜋š
50. 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛; 2
 54. 𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑜: 𝑑 > 14.5𝑚 $ Z|
22. 𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 − 𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟: 𝑇 = 2𝜋š
G($Hn) 24. 𝐴𝑡 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐸 = " V ! ;
Z 55. 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑠 = 𝑓0 − 𝑓5 Z|V gV
Zo $ $ 25. 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐸 = = %ℇ ;
23. 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔: 𝑘′ = 56. 𝑃𝐸 = " 𝑘𝑦 " = " 𝑚𝜔" 𝑦 " Y" 8
5 Z|
$ $ $ Z# •Z! $ "
57. 𝐾𝐸 = " 𝑚𝑣 = " 𝑚𝜔 (𝐴 − 𝑦 )
$ " " " 26. 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐸 = ;
24. 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: Z = Z + Z 𝑜𝑟 𝑘 = Z V!
# ! # HZ! $ $ h!
25. 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑘 = 𝑘$ + 𝑘" 58. 𝑇𝐸 = " 𝑚𝜔" 𝐴" = " 𝑘𝐴" 27. 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 = "ℇ
8
4(
26. 𝐷𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟: 𝑥 = 𝐴J 𝑒 #
!5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 59. 𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑘 = 𝑚𝜔 = " M: 28. − − − − −
4(
5 Potential
# 7±7
27. (𝐷𝑂): 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 = 𝐴J 𝑒 !5 60. 𝐷𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑟 ` 𝑠 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡: 𝑓 = 𝑓 m7±7* n Z|
4( 4( 6 29. 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑉 =
$ $ V
28. (𝐷𝑂): 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = " 𝑘(𝐴J 𝑒 #!5 )" = " 𝑘𝐴J " 𝑒 # 5 Charge and Force ZF
30. 𝐷𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 (𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠)𝑉 = ( !#,!
1. 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒: 𝑞 = 𝑛𝑒;
29. 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∶ 𝐴 = ¦𝐴$"
+ 𝐴""
+ 2𝐴$ 𝐴" 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 t 31. 𝐷𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 (𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡)𝑉 = 0
Wave and Sound 2. 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝜆 = 5 ; 𝑄 = 𝜆 • 𝑙; Z|
t 32. 𝐴𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉 = Y
30. 𝐸𝑞. 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒: 𝑦 = 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥 + 𝜙) 3. 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝜎 = : ; 𝑄 = 𝜎 • 𝐴; hY
31. 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 = 𝐴 t 33. 𝐴𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 𝑉 = +ℇ
32. 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝜔 4. 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝜌 = q ; 𝑄 = 𝜌 • 𝑉; 8
Z|
W Z|# |! $ |# |! $ |# |! 34. 𝑂𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉 =
33. 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝑓 = 5. 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑏` 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝐹⃗ = V!
= &+} V!
= &+} V!
√Y ! H( !
h
"+
"+
8
35. 𝑂𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 𝑉 = z√𝑅" + 𝑥" −
34. 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 = 𝑇 = W 6. 𝐷𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: 𝑝⃗ = 𝑞. 𝑑 = 𝑞. 2𝑎; "ℇ8
"Zt
35. 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 𝑘 7. 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝐹 = 𝑞𝐸 𝑥| =. z√𝑅" + 𝑥 " − 𝑥|;
Y!
Z 8. 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 ∶ 𝜖 = 𝐾𝜖J = 𝜖V 𝜖J ; &Zt hY
36. 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = "+ 36. 𝑂𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 𝑉 = =
Electric Field: +Y +ℇ8
"+ $ | Z| Zt
37. 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝜆 = 9. 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒: 𝐸 = = !; 37. 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑉 = "Y" {3𝑅" − 𝑎" }
Z ! &+}8 V V
38. 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝜙 Z|( 38. 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤/𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑉 =
Z|
r W 10. 𝐴𝑡 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔: 𝐸 = " ; Y
39. 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑓𝜆 = p = Z (Y ! H( ! )! Z|
"ZF( "ZF 39. 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑉 =
40. 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: + 𝑣𝑒 11. 𝐷𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡: 𝐸 = (( ! = V

41. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: 𝑦 = 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥)

#1! )!
ZF
("
ZF
40. 𝑃𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒: 𝑈 = −𝑝⃗ • 𝐸•⃗ ;
,= 12. 𝐷𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡: 𝐸 = " = (" Potential difference
42. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝑣 = ,- = 𝐴𝜔 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥) (( ! H1! )! r V
ZF√%IJE ! NH$ 41. 𝑁𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 ∆𝑉 = ln( !)
,7 ,!= 13. 𝐷𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡: 𝐸 = "+~8 V#
43. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑙𝑛: 𝑎 = = = −𝐴𝜔" 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥) V"
,- ,- !
,] A⃗ 42. 𝑁𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∆𝑉 = 𝐸•⃗ • 𝑑⃗
44. 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒: 𝑣 = š = š
] p 14. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒: 𝐹⃗ = 𝑝⃗ • ,( ; 43. 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝜏⃗ = 𝑝⃗ 𝑋 𝐸•⃗
g :g
15. 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒: 𝜏⃗ = 𝑝⃗ × 𝐸•⃗ ; 44. 𝐷𝐼𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑈 = −𝑝⃗ • 𝐸•⃗
M b mb C
45. 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒: 𝑣 = š = š = š •••••⃗
16. 𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑥 𝜙 = ∫ 𝐸•⃗ • 𝑑𝐴 45.
g g g 4
17. 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤 ∶ 𝜙-J-15 =
|%, Electric potential energy
46. 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦: 2𝜋 " 𝑓 " 𝐴" 𝜌𝑣 C
~8
46. 𝑈 = 𝑊 = ∫4 𝐹⃗ • 𝑑𝑆 ••••⃗ = Z |#|! = $ |# |!
47. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦: 2𝜋 " 𝑓 " 𝐴" 𝜌 18.
|%,
= ∮ 𝐸•⃗ • •••••⃗
𝑑𝐴 V &+} 8 V
48. 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∶ 𝐴 = ¦𝐴$" + 𝐴"" + 2𝐴$ 𝐴" 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 ~8 47. ∆𝑈 = 𝑞∆𝑉
"Zr r $
49. 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∶ 𝐼 = 𝐼$ + 𝐼" + 2¦𝐼$ ¦𝐼" 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 19. 𝐼𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒: 𝐸 = = ; 48. 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = " 𝜀* 𝐸•⃗ "
V "+ℇ8 V
h
^ z ∆( 20. 𝐼𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒: 𝐸 = ; %t !
50. 𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 _ 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒,4CC 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ,4CC "+ = r "ℇ8 49. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑙𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: "* +}
h 8 Y
51. 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 𝑌 = 2𝐴 • 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑤𝑡 • 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑘𝑥 21. 𝐼𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 ∶ 𝐸 = ; t!
7 ℇ8 50. 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙 ∶ j+} Y
52. 𝑂𝑂𝑃: 𝑓 = 𝑛 m"5n 22. 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐸 = 0; 8

7 Z| Relation b/w field and potential

53. 𝐶𝑂𝑃: 𝑓 = (2𝑛 + 1) m&5n 23. 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐸 = V ! ;
 .q .q .q ' ; ] q ]#q
51. 𝐸•⃗ = .( 𝚤̂ + .= 𝚥̂ + .> 𝑘y 69. 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑈 = z √𝑛| 𝑢 = 𝑛" 𝑢
"
18. 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐼 = YHV = Y =
V
;
C # Y
••••⃗
52. Δ𝑉 = ∫4 𝐸•⃗ • 𝑑𝑆 70. 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐶 = √𝑛𝑐 = 𝑛 𝑐
"
" 19. 𝑃. 𝐷 = 𝑉 = 𝐼. 𝑅 = 𝐸 − 𝐼𝑟 = mYHV n • 𝐸
Capacitance of ]#q ] ]
20. 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑟 = y = y − 𝑅 = mq − 1n 𝑅
:~
53. 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐶 = ,8 21. 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝐸V = 𝐸$ + 𝐸" ;
e:~8
54. 𝑃𝑃𝐶 𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝐶 = 𝑜𝑟 𝐸V = 𝑛. 𝐸. 𝑜𝑟. 𝐸V = (𝑛 − 2𝑚). 𝐸
,
:~8 22. 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑟V = 𝑟$ + 𝑟" ; 𝑟V = 𝑛. 𝑟
55. 𝑃𝑃𝐶 𝑝𝑎𝑟. 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝐶 = ( (~ V H~ V )
,#-H
9 23. 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝐸V = 𝐸; 𝑜𝑟 𝐸V = #V!HV! # ;
:~ # !
56. 𝑃𝑃𝐶 𝑝𝑎𝑟. 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶 = ,#-8 24. 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑟V = )
V

57. 𝑆𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝐶 = 4𝜋𝜀* 𝑅; 25. 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 z𝑛E3V43E &𝑚F1V15535 |:
&+~8 1^
58. 𝐶𝑆𝑆(𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑) 𝐶 = ^#1 𝑛𝑟
𝐸V = 𝑛𝐸. 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟V = ;
59. 𝐶𝑆𝑆(𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑) 𝐶 =
&+~8 ^ ! 𝑚
^#1 26. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏. 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 ∶ 𝑟V = 𝑅;
&+~8 5
60. 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 4 27. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 ∶ 𝑅 = 𝑟;
ۥu:v
0/
28. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙: 𝑅 = 0;
61. 𝐸 = r = ℎ𝜐 Kirchhoff`s law and Electric instruments
Filling of dielectric (cell connected) Current 29. 𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐿𝑎𝑤 ∶ ∑C4 𝐼 = 0;
62. 𝐶 → 𝐾𝐶 ; 𝑉 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡; 𝑄 → 𝐾𝑄; 𝑈 → 𝐾𝑈; 1. 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒: 𝑄 = 𝑛𝑒 = 𝐼 • 𝑡 = ∫ 𝐼 • 𝑑𝑡 ; 30. 𝐿𝑜𝑜𝑝 𝐿𝑎𝑤 ∶ ∑C4 ∆𝑉 = 0;
Filling of dielectric (cell dis-connected) 2. 𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑣, = )3: = −
y 3]‚ C
q \ G 31. 𝑉: = 𝑉! − ∑4 ∆𝑉 (𝑚𝑦 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠);
63. 𝐶 → 𝐾𝐶 ; 𝑄 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡; 𝑉 → e ; 𝑈 → e ; t ,t )3 ! :‚] b Y
3. 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐼 = = = 𝑛𝑒𝐴𝑣, = 32. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑙. 𝑊𝑆𝐵: =
64. Series and Parallel - ,- G t K
71 y 3‚ K $**#5
Device Series Parallel 4. 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝜇3 = = )3]: = 33. 𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑔𝑒. Y
= 5
] G
y )3 ! ‚] ] 5 ] 5
Capacitor 1 1 1 𝐶 = 𝐶$ + 𝐶" 5. 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐽 = = 𝑛𝑒𝑣, = 34. 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟: ]# = 5# ; ]*
=o
= + : G ! !
𝐶 𝐶$ 𝐶" 6. 𝑂ℎ𝑚`𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑤 ∶ 𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅 ; 𝐼 = ; 𝑅 = ;
q q 𝑙$
Y y 𝑟 = É − 1Ê 𝑅
Resistor 𝑅 = 𝑅$ + 𝑅" 1 1 1 g5 g5 ! gq h: 𝑙"
= + 7. 𝑅= = = ; 𝐶= ; b.D.
𝑅 𝑅$ 𝑅" :
$
q :! 5
$
35. 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑃. 𝐺. ) = 5
8. 𝐶=Y 𝜎 = g; 5# #5!
Cell 𝜀 = 𝜀$ + 𝜀" (𝜀$ 𝑟" + 𝜀" 𝑟$ ) 36. 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 ∶ 𝑟 = 5!
𝑅
𝜀= 9. 𝑅 = 𝑅J (1 + 𝛼 • ∆𝑇); y=
𝑟$ + 𝑟" Resistors in Series : 37. 𝐴𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟: 𝑆 = 𝐺;
y#y=
Inductor 𝐿 = 𝐿$ + 𝐿" 1 1 1 10. 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑜 𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 q
= + 38. 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟: 𝑅 = y − 𝐺;
𝐿 𝐿$ 𝐿" 11. 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 ∶ 𝐼V = 𝐼$ = 𝐼" =
12. 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑉V = 𝑉$ + 𝑉" ; q!
1 1 1 39. 𝐽𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝐻 = 𝐼" 𝑅𝑡 =
`
𝑡 = 𝑉𝐼𝑡;
Spring 𝑘 = 𝑘$ + 𝑘" 13. 𝑅V = 𝑅$ + 𝑅" ; Y
= + q!
𝑘 𝑘$ 𝑘" Resistors in parallel : 40. 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑃 = 𝐼" 𝑅 = Y = 𝑉𝐼;
$ $ t! $
14. 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑠 Magnetic Field due to current
65. 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑈 = " 𝐶𝑉 " = " I
= " 𝑄𝑉 15. 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 ∶ 𝑉V = 𝑉$ = 𝑉" [* y.,5.K4)N AAAA⃗ L V⃗„
[* y.ƒ,5
41. 𝐵𝑖𝑜𝑡. 𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑑𝐵 = =
Combination of drop 16. 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐼V = 𝐼$ + 𝐼" ; &+ V! &+ V"
$ $ $ Y •Y Y Y4 [* y(K4) SHK4) n)
66. 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑄 = 𝑛𝑞 17. Y = Y + Y ; 𝑅V = Y #HY! = <4 4 = V1-4JH$ 42. 𝐷𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝐵 =
# + # ! # ! H$ &+ 1
" [ "y [ y
67. 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑅 = √𝑛𝑟 = 𝑛 𝑟 "
<6
43. 𝐼𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝐵 = &+* = "+* 1
" ! Electric Cell: 1
" [* y
68. 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑉 = z √𝑛| 𝑣 = 𝑛" 𝑣 44. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝐵 =
&+ 1
 [*>?
45. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔(𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙) 𝐵 = 3. ••⃗ 𝑋 𝐵
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 = 𝑀 •⃗ 28. Decay
ℰ
𝐼 = Y 𝑒 #A ;
(
𝑉 = ℰ𝑒 #A .
(
"Y
46. 𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐵 =
[* ? <!
4. ••⃗
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = −𝑀 • 𝐵 •⃗ ℰ ( (
"
"(Y ! H( ! )! 5.
[
𝜇V = [ ; 29. Charging 𝐼 = Y 𝑒 #A . 𝑉 = ℰ(1 − 𝑒 #A );
[* yS * ℰ ( (
47. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝐵 = &+ Y ! 30. Discharging: 𝐼 = Y 𝑒 #A 𝑉 = ℰ𝑒 #A
6. 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝜇 = O5
48. 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝐵 = 𝜇J 𝑛𝐼 Alternating Current
[* …y 7. 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝜒G = 𝜇V − 1 q
49. 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝐵 = 𝜇J 𝑛𝐼 = "+Y I 31. AC Voltage : 𝑉 = 𝑉* 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡; 𝑉VGE = 𝑣(𝑠𝑎𝑦) = 8 ;
8. 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑤: 𝜒 = p ; √"
50. 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑎𝑤 ∮ 𝐵 •⃗ • •••⃗
𝑑𝑙 = 𝜇J 𝐼 ! ℰ*
[* yV †V 9. 𝑇𝑎𝑛 ∅ = !0 ; ℰ = ℰ* 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 ℰVGE = ;
51. 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝐵 = "+Y! = 𝜇J " @
√2
10. ℎ𝜐 y
52. 𝑗 32. AC Current : 𝐼 = 𝐼* 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 𝐼VGE = 𝑖(𝑠𝑎𝑦) = * ;
Electromagnetic Induction(EMI) √"
Magnetic Force on charge and current ,z ,z $ "+ W $ "+
11. Faraday’s Law: 𝑒𝑚𝑓 = ℰ = − ,-) = −𝑁 ,- 33. 𝑇 = C = ; 𝑓 = "+ = p ; 𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 = ;
•⃗|
53. 𝐹 = 𝑞z𝑣⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 W p

54. 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝐹 = 0 12. Flux. 𝜙 = 𝐵𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 34. Peak voltage = 𝑉* = ℰ*

55. 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝐵. 𝐹 = 0; 13. Linked Flux 𝜙5 = 𝑁𝐵𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 35. Peak current = 𝐼*
56. 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 ⊥ 𝑡𝑜 𝐵. 𝐹 = 𝑞𝑣𝐵;
,z ,z ,
14. ℰ = − ,-) = −𝑁 ,- = −𝑁 ,- (𝐵𝐴𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃) 36. 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 = < 𝑉 >= 0
"q
𝑚𝑣 𝑝 √2. 𝑚. 𝐾𝐸 𝑑𝐵 𝑑𝐴 37. 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 = < 𝑉 >= +8
𝑟= = = = −𝑁𝐴 = −𝑁𝐵 = −𝑁𝐵𝐴𝜔𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 38. Form factor : π/2√2
𝑞𝐵 𝑞𝐵 𝑞𝐵 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑞𝐵 2𝜋𝑚 ∆z ∆z z$ #z% 39. Peak factor : √2
𝜔= ; 𝑇= ; 15. < ℰ >= − ∆-) = −𝑁 ∆- = −𝑁 ∆- $
𝑚 𝑞𝐵 40. 𝑋o = 𝑗𝜔𝐿; 𝑋/ = −𝑗 WI
∆𝐵 𝐵C − 𝐵4
57. 𝑂𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. 𝐹 = 𝑞(𝑣𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃)𝐵; = −𝑁𝐴 = −𝑁𝐴 41. 𝑍 = ¦𝑅" + (𝑋/ − 𝑋o )"
𝑚𝑣𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑝𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 ∆𝑡 ∆𝑡 "+
𝑟= = ∆𝐴 𝐴C − 𝐴4 42. ∫* 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 0
𝑞𝐵 𝑞𝐵 = −𝑁𝐵 = −𝑁𝐵
𝑞𝐵 2𝜋𝑚 ∆𝑡 ∆𝑡 43. ℰ = ℰ* 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡
𝜔= ; 𝑇= ; 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃C − 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃4 ℰ
𝑚 𝑞𝐵 = −𝑁𝐵𝐴 44. 𝐼Y = 𝐼* 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 = 8 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡
Y
2𝜋𝑚𝑣𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 ∆𝑡 ℰ8
𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ = 𝑣𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 • 𝑇 = •⃗ • (𝑙⃗ 𝑋 𝑣⃗) 45. 𝐼/ = −𝐼* 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 = −ℰ* 𝜔𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡
16. Motional emf < ℰ >= 𝑙𝐵𝑣 = 𝐵 LB
𝑞𝐵 !WY ! ℰ8 ℰ8
17. Rotating rod: < ℰ >= 46. 𝐼o = 𝐼* 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡
58. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝐹 = 𝐼z𝑙⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 •⃗| = 𝐼𝑙𝐵 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 " LC Wo
[ y y 5 z$ #z% $
59. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑏/𝑤 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝐹 = * # ! 18. 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑁 ; 47. 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑉VGE • 𝐼VGE • 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜙 = 𝑉J • 𝐼J • 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜙
"+1 Y "
60. 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 = 𝑛𝐼z𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵
•⃗ | = 𝑛𝐼𝐴𝐵 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 ; ,y ,y 48. 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜙
19. ℰ = −𝐿 ,- = −𝑀 ,-
49. 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑃 • 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜙
61. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = −𝑛𝐼z𝐴⃗ • 𝐵 •⃗| = −𝑛𝐼𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 ;
20. For coil : 𝐿 =
[* +…! Y Y
50. 𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = 𝐵 = ;
62. 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑛𝐼𝐴; "
[* … ! :
o

63. 𝐿𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑧 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝐹 = 𝑞z𝐸•⃗ + 𝑣⃗ 𝑋 𝐵

•⃗ | 21. For solenoid : 𝐿 = 5 51. 𝑄 − 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
W
=
LB JV LC
=
Wo
=
$ $
= š
o
,|! $ ! Y Y WIY Y I
64. 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 22. Energy: 𝑈 = " 𝐿𝐼"
G7 52. 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑝𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 = 𝑎
N ):! [* …# …! :6
65. 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝑀𝐶𝐺) = = 23. For conc. Coil: 𝑀 = Electromagnetic wave(EMW)
y Z Y4 |
$
24. For coaxial solenoid: 𝑀 =
[* …# …! : 53. ∮ 𝐸•⃗ • ••••⃗
𝑑𝑆 = %,
66. 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = E3)E474-= 5
~*

67. 25. For conc. Coil: 𝑀 = 𝑘¦𝐿$ 𝐿" •⃗ • ••••⃗

54. ∮ 𝐵 𝑑𝑆 = 0
,ˆ
Magnets and Magnetism o •⃗ •••⃗
55. ∮ 𝐸 • 𝑑𝑙 = − D
26. 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝜏 = Y = 𝑅C ,-
1. 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑚 𝐵 •⃗ • •••⃗ ,ˆ
ℰ ( (
56. ∮ 𝐵 𝑑𝑙 = 𝜇J (𝐼 + 𝜀J E)
2. 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑀 ••⃗ = 𝑚. 𝑙; 27. Growth 𝐼 = Y (1 − 𝑒 #A ); 𝑉 = ℰ𝑒 #A . ,-
 ,ˆE $ 52. 𝐿D = 𝑣J ; 𝐿Œ = 𝑣J + 𝑓3 ;
57. 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝐼, = 𝜀J = 𝐶𝑉𝜔 23. 𝑆ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡: 𝑑 = m1 − [n ℎ
,- C C C
$ $ $ $ $
24. 𝑂𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ (𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ) = 𝜇𝐿; 53. 𝐴𝑇𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑒: 𝑚D = − C* m1 + DF n ; ∶ 𝑚Œ = − C* ;
58. 𝑈 − 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = & Û𝜀J 𝐸J" + [ 𝐵J" Ü=" 𝜀J 𝐸J" = " [ 𝐵J" F F
* * :FFV3)- 03420- 54. 𝐿D = 𝑓J + 𝑢3 ; 𝐿Œ = 𝑓J + 𝑓3 ;
/ $ / / $ 25. 𝜇 = Y315 03420- (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚)
59. 𝐼 = & Û𝜀J 𝐸J" + [ 𝐵J" Ü=" 𝜀J 𝐸J" = " [ 𝐵J" C* C C
* * #$ $ 55. 𝑇𝑇𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑒: 𝑚D = C m1 + DFn ; ∶ 𝑚Œ = C* ;
)0 ])3V2= y:- 26. 𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒: 𝐶 𝜇 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ; F F
60. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 = 𝑝 = = = 0 56. 𝐿D = 𝑓J + 4𝑓 + 𝑢3 ; 𝐿Œ = 𝑓J + 4𝑓 + 𝑓3 ;
r / /
GJG3)-8G y: 27. 𝑟 = ; C* CF C
61. 𝐹 = (1 + 𝑟) ∗ = (1 + 𝑟) s[ ! #$ 57. 𝐺𝑇𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑒: 𝑚D = C m1 − D n ; ∶ 𝑚Œ = − C* ;
- / [! #[# [! [# F F
62. 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = (1 + 𝑟) ∗ 1V31 ∗ - = (1 + 𝑟) /
GJG3)-8G y 28. = + ;
Y 7 8 58. 𝐿D = 𝑓J − 𝑢3 ; 𝐿Œ = 𝑓J − 𝑓3 ;
63. 𝐸J = 𝑐𝐵J 29. 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑: 𝑂 = ¦𝐼$ • 𝐼" 59. − − − −
bJ_3V bJ_3V $ $ $ Electrons and photons
64. 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = &+V ! = :V31 30. = (𝜇 − 1) mY − Y n ; 0/ $"&"*
C
$ $
#
$
!
1. 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛 ∶ 𝐸 = 𝑝𝑐 = r = ℎ𝜐 = r(Å) (𝑒𝑉) = 𝑚𝑐 "
65. 𝑎 31. 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑠: C = 7 − 8 ;
0 ] 07
Wave optics: 0% 7 2. 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛: 𝑝 = = = = 𝑚𝑐
1. 𝑂𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝜇𝑙 32. 𝑚 = − 0 = 8 ; r /
0/
/
Dr
*
$ 3. 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 ∶ 𝜙 = 𝐸J = r = ℎ𝜐J
2. 𝑌𝑇𝑆𝐸: 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ: 𝛽 = 33. 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = C ; *
, $
, $ $ $ , 4. 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 ∶ 𝐾𝐸3 = " 𝑚𝑣 " = 𝑒𝑉E
3. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 = r 34. =C +C −CC ;
Šn ∆( z
i # ! # ! 5. 𝐸 = 𝐸J + 𝐾𝐸3
4. = = 35. + + + + + 0 0 0
n r "+ 6. 𝜆= = =
Šn -([#$) Shift(optics) & T•I•R: F G7 √"•G•e]
5. n
= r , $ 7. ∆𝑝 • ∆𝑥 = 𝑚∆𝑣 • ∆𝑥 ≥ "+ 𝑎
0
36. 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ = ; 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 = 𝑑 m1 − n ;
[ [
6. 𝐴= ¦𝐴$" + 𝐴"" + 2𝐴$ 𝐴" 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 Atoms
37. 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝜇ℎ; 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 = ℎ(𝜇 − 1);
7. 𝐼 = 𝐼$ + 𝐼" + 2¦𝐼$ 𝐼" 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 E4)(4#V) 8. 𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑛 𝑋 𝑑𝑒𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
38. 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑆ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 = 𝑡 )!
8. 𝐼G1( = 4𝐼 /JE 4 9. 𝑟 = 0.53 Å
$ #$ $ <
9. 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 ∝ r. 39. 𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐶 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 m n; <
[ 10. 𝑣 = 2.2 × 10f m/s
)
10. 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = 2𝛽 40. 𝑎 0
$ Prism(optics): 11. 𝐿 = 𝑛
11. 𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒(𝑇𝐼𝑅): 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛#$ m n ; "+
)"
#$
[ 41. 𝑖$ + 𝑖" = 𝐴 + 𝛿; 𝑟$ + 𝑟" = 𝐴; $
12. 𝑇 = C = ( ) < !
12. 𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒: 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜇 ; :H‹ :
y : 42. 𝑖 = " ; 𝑟 = "; b] <!
13. 𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑟: 𝑢𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑑: 𝐼V = " ; 𝐴V = 13. −𝐾𝐸 = = 𝑇𝐸 = −13.6 × 𝑒𝑉
√" 43. 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝛿 = 𝐴(𝜇 − 1); " )!
" $ $
14. 𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑟: 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑑: 𝐼V = 𝐼. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃; 𝐴V = 𝐴. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 44. 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐴(𝜇7 − 𝜇V ); 14. 𝛥𝐸 = +13.6 × 𝑍 m "
− n 𝑒𝑉
)#! )!!
Reflection(optics): : [$ #$
45. 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝 𝑤|𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: : B = [ #$ ; $
15. 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = r = 𝑅 m)! − )!n Å
$ $ $
15. 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑖 = 𝑟; $ B
%f* :B [0$ #[+$ # !
16. 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒: 𝑛 = 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 (𝑚 − 1); 𝑚= ; 46. 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤|𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝:
:$
=
[0B #[+B
; 16.
N
17. 𝑣4 − 𝑣G = −(𝑢4 − 𝑢G ) 47. − − − − Nucleus
V "
18. 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟: 𝑓 = " Common: 17. 𝑅 = 𝑅J √𝐴
$ $ $ 48. − − − − 18. 𝑅J = 1.4 𝑋 10#$' 𝑚
19. 𝑀𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: = 7 +8; Z2
C Optical instruments 19. 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 ≈ 10$k G"
0% 7
20. 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑚= =− ; $.""r
49. 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∶ : = D ;
,
Radioactivity:
08 8
,…
21. − − − − 50. 𝜇𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑒: 𝑚D = 1 + C ; ∶ 𝑚Œ = C ;
D D 20. 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝐴 = − ,- = 𝑁𝜆
Refraction(optics):
o D 7 D 21. 𝑁 = 𝑁J 𝑒 #r-
EF33, JC 5420- 4) 71//8G3 E4) 4 Y315 ,3F-0
22. 𝜇 = EF33, JC 5420- 4) G3,48G = E4) V = :FF ,3F-0 ; 51. 𝐶𝜇𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑒: 𝑚D = − C m1 + C n ; ∶ 𝑚Œ = − 8* C ;
* F *
 5) " *.fc% Things to Learn 12. Superposition
22. 𝑇# = =
r r
!
$
1. Calculation 13. Symmetrical system
23. < 𝑇 > = r 2. Formula 14. Electric field lines
24. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒 = 𝑛 = p
- 3. Formula conversion 15. Electric dipole and its field
#
!
4. Story 16. Force and Torque on dipole
25. 𝑁 = ",*
… 5. Units conversion Gauss Law:5
6. 17. Flux
26. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝛼 − 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝐴 − 4 & 𝑍 − 2 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
27. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝛽 − 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑍 + 1 18. Gauss`s Law
28. 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 = 𝑚V31/-1)- − 𝑚 FVJ,8/- 19. Point charge , line charge, surface charge
29. 𝐵𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑋 𝑐 " 20. Spherical systems
30. 𝐵𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝐵𝐸FVJ,8/- − 𝐵𝐸V31/-1)- − 𝐸m 21. Superposition
^4),4)2 3)3V2= Energy and potential:5
31. 𝐵𝐸 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑜𝑛 = : 22. Electric potential
32. 𝑣𝑒 #############𝑃𝐻𝑌𝑆𝐼𝐶𝑆 𝑇𝑂𝑃𝐼𝐶𝑆##############
23. Superposition
Semiconductor: 24. Potential for ring
Y 1. Units and Measurements
33. 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑊𝑅: 0.406 VHY ; 25. Potential for disc
2. Motion in a Straight Line
34. 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑊𝑅: 0.812 VHY ;
Y
3. Motion in a Plane 26. Equipotential surface
4. Laws of Motion 27. Relation b/w potential and field
35. 𝐼] = 𝐼! + 𝐼I
y 5. Work, Energy and Power 28. Electric dipole and potential
36. 𝛼 = yG 6. System of Particles 29. Properties of conductor
E
y 7. Rotational Motion 30. Cavity in conductor
37. 𝛽 = yG
$
D
$
8. Gravitation 31. Electric shielding
38. = +1 9. Properties of Matter Capacitor:5
S n
39. 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑎𝑡𝑒 10. Thermodynamics and Kinetic Theory 32. Capacitance
A B OR AND XOR NOR NAND XNOR 11. Oscillations 33. Spherical conductor
12. Waves 34. Energy in capacitor
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 35. Redistribution of charge
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 36. Parallel plate capacitor
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 37. Effect of dielectric
40. 38. Partially filled
Communication: 39. Force b/w plates
Electro stat:5
41. 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 40. Combination
1. Introduction
########################### 41. Symmetrical system
Frequently used Formula / concept: 2. Charge
42. Wheat stone bridge
42. Energy conservation 3. Charge and mass
43. Filling of dielectric
43. Free body diagram 4. Production of charge
44. Energy density
44. Component of vector 5. Coulomb`s Law
45. Charging of capacitor
45. Resultant of vectors 6. Superposition
46. Discharging of capacitor
46. Conservation of momentum 7. Permittivity
Current Electricity:6
47. Ratio formula 8. Electric Field
47. Charge and Current
48. Percentage Change formula 9. Electric field intensity
48. Drift speed and relaxation time
"+
49. 𝑇 = W ; 10. Due to point charge
49. Resistance of wire
11. Due to ring
50. 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎; 50. Temperature dependence
 51. Conductor , semiconductor, alloy 91. Moving coil magnetometer X-ray:9
52. Ohm`s Law 92. Earth magnitesm 130. Introduction
53. Combination of resistance 93. Magnetometer 131. Production
54. Symmetrical system 94. Magnetic material 132. Characteristic
55. Cell and EMF Electro Magnetic Induction:7 133. Continuous
56. Internal resistance 95. Magnetic lines and flux 134. Mosley Lay
57. Combination of cell 96. Gauss Law Photo electric effect:9
58. Kirchhoff`s law 97. Faraday Laws 135. Emission of electron
59. Heating effect of current 98. Lenz Law 136. Hertz and Lenard Exp
60. Galvanometer 99. Motional EMF 137. Photo electric effect
61. Ammeter 100. Eddy current 138. Stopping potential
62. Voltmeter 101. Self inductance 139. Photo electric current
63. Potentiometer 102. Mutual inductance 140. Graph
64. Wheat-stone bridge 103. Growth and decay of current 141. Davisson and Germer exp
65. Meter bridge 104. LC-circuit Radioactivity:9
66. Colour code 105. Induced electric field 142. Nuclear stability
67. Post-office box Alternating Current:7 143. Alpha decay
Magnetic effect:6 106. Current and phaser 144. Beta decay
68. Biot Savart Law 107. Factor (form +) 145. Gamma Decay
69. St. wire 108. Current and potential 146. Radio Decay Law
70. Axis of ring 109. Resistance 147. Successive decay
71. Solenoid 110. Capacitor 148. Isobar, isotope, isotone
72. Ampere circuital law 111. Indictor 149. Energy mass
73. St wire 112. L-R circuit 150. Binding energy
74. Solenoid 113. C-R circuit 151. Nuclear fission
75. Inside wire 114. LCR circuit 152. Nuclear fussion
Magnetic Force:6 115. Resonance Semiconductor:9
76. Force on moving charge 116. Quality factor 153. Introduction
77. Force on current wire 117. Wattless current 154. Energy Band
78. Magnetic dipole 118. Power 155. Intrinsic and extrinsic
79. Dipole in uniform field 119. AC generator 156. P-N junction diode
80. Force b/w wires 120. Transformer 157. Diffusion current and drift current
Magnetism:7 Dual Nature:9 158. Characteristic
81. Magnet properties 121. Dual Nature 159. Rectifier
82. Bar magnet 122. Electromagnetic Spectrum 160. Zener Diode
83. Magnetic induction(B) 123. Momentum and pressure 161. Photo diode
84. Intensity of magnetisation 124. De-Broglie wavelength and matter wave 162. LED
85. Magnetic field strength(H) Atomic Structure:9 163. Solar cell
86. Permeability 125. Early concept 164. Transistor
87. Susceptibility 126. Rutherford model 165. PNP and NPN
88. Bar magnet 127. Bohr model 166. Working of PNP and NPN
89. Hysteresis 128. Hydrogen spectrum 167. Current gain, voltage gain and power gain
90. Electromagnet 129. Hydrogen like atom Digital electronics:9
 168. Binary Instruments:8 a
8. 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = …
169. Logic gates 205. Simple microscope Ž L …:
:
q L …:
Communication:9 206. Compound microscope 9. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 = 𝑛 𝑋𝑁1 = =
a "".&
353G3)- G1EE
170. Elements of communication 207. Astronomical telescope 10. 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠%(𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒) = 𝑋 100
a
171. Bandwidth of Signal 208. Terrestrial telescope G1EE JC EJ58-3
11. 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 % = G1EE JC EJ58-4J) 𝑋 100
172. Bandwidth of transmission medium 209. Galilean telescope
…8G^3V JC GJ53 JC :
173. Propagation of EM wave 210. Resolving power 12. 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = …8G^3V JC GJ53 JC EJ58-4J)
174. Modulation Polarisation:8 …8G^3V JC GJ53 JC EJ58-3 %•,•$*
175. Amplitude modulation 211. Polarization 13. 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 = qJ58G3 JC EJ58-4J) 4) o
= a
176. Frequency modulation 212. Plane polarized light 14. 𝐷𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: 𝑀$ 𝑉$ = 𝑀" 𝑉"
Electromagnetic wave:8 213. Brewster Angle 15. 𝑀𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 2 𝑋 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
177. Introduction 214. Uses Atomic Structure
178. Displacement current 215. Polaroid 16. 𝑍: 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
179. Maxwell`s current Wave theory:8 17. 𝐴: 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
180. Equation : electric field and B 216. Huygens Theory 18. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 = 𝐴 − 𝑍
181. Spectrum 217. Reflection and refraction 19. 𝑐 = 𝜈 • 𝜆
Reflection:8 Interference :8 20. 𝐸 = ℎ • 𝜈
$
182. Introduction to optics 218. Principle of superposition 21. ℎ𝜈 = ℎ𝜈* + " 𝑚𝑣 "
183. Laws of Reflection of light 219. Amplitude and intensity 22. 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 𝑣̅ = 109677 m
$
−
$
n 𝑐𝑚#$
184. From plane surface 220. Interference (cons & dist) )#! )!!
]! #]#
185. Three types of problem Diffraction :8 23. 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝜈 = 0
186. Reflection from spherical mirror 221. Introduction 0
24. 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 = 𝑚𝑣𝑟 = 𝑛
187. Image formation 222. From narrow slit "+
<!
188. Mirror formula YDSE:8 25. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝐸) = −2.18𝑋10#$j m)!n
189. Image velocity 223. Intensity )!
26. 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 52.9 m n 𝑝𝑚
190. Magnification 224. Maxima and minima <
$ $
191. Different(ten) type of problems 225. Path difference 27. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑔𝑎𝑝 = 2.18𝑋10#$j É)! − )! Ê
Refraction:8 226. Fringe %
0
$
0 0
192. Laws of refraction of light 227. Path difference by slab 28. 𝐷𝑒𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝜆 = = =
F G7 √"G•e]
193. Refractive index 228. Shifting of fringe 29. 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑔 𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒: ∆𝑥 • ∆𝑝 ≥
0
&+
194. Refraction from plane surface(depth) 30. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 = 𝑛
195. Refraction from spherical surface ###########################
CHEMISTRY 31. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑛-0 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 𝑛"
196. Lens and image formation 32. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑛-0 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 2𝑛"
197. Different(12) types of problem Mole Concept
1. 𝑇(𝐾) = 𝑇(℃) + 273; 33. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑢𝑏𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 2𝑙 + 1
198. Deviation in reflection c 34. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑢𝑏𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 2(2𝑙 + 1)
TIR:8 2. 𝑇(℉) = 𝑇(℃) + 32;
' 35. 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠 = 𝑛 − 𝑙
199. 3. 𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 =
G1EE JC 1-JG JC 353G3)-
36. 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 𝑛 − 𝑙 − 1
#
200. #!
G1EE JC 1-JG JC /1V^JG
37. 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 𝑙
Ž(2)
Prism:8 4. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚 = State of matter
:
201. Deviation Ž(2) 38. 𝐵𝑜𝑦𝑙𝑒 ` 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤(𝑇, 𝑛 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡): 𝑃$ 𝑉$ = 𝑃" 𝑉"
5. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 = a
202. Minimum deviation q
39. 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑒𝑠 ` 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤(𝑃, 𝑛 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡): # = !
q
203. Dispersion 6. 𝐴𝑣𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑜 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 𝑁1 = 6.022𝑋10"% p# p!

204. Dispersive power

:
7. 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = … 40. 𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑜` 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: (𝑃, 𝑇 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡): 𝑉 = 𝑘𝑛
:
41. 𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝐺𝑎𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 70. 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 $
94. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑡𝑒: 𝛬… ∝ /
b q b q
42. 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑞: #p # = !p ! 1 √
𝑝𝐻 = [𝑝𝐾_ + 𝑝𝐾1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑐] 95. 𝑝=𝑎
# !
2 +𝐵𝑥𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦 " + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0;𝐵" − 4𝐴𝐶 < 0
43. 𝐷𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑜𝑛` 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒: 𝑃 = 𝑝$ + 𝑝$ + ⋯ 71. 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 96.
44. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑃4 = 𝑛4 • 𝑃 1 97. Circumference: 𝐿 = 4𝑎𝐸(𝑒)
1)! 𝑝𝐻 = [𝑝𝐾_ + 𝑝𝐾1 − 𝑝𝐾^ ]
45. 𝑣𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑎𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑒𝑞: m𝑃 + n (𝑉 − 𝑛𝑏) = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 2
q!
bq 72. 𝐾EF = [𝐴=H ]( [𝐵 (# ]=
46. 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑍 = Yp
Solid States
Thermodynamics qJ58G3 J//8F43, ^= F1V-4/53E ###########################
73. 𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = MATHEMATICS
47. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝑞7 = ∆𝑈 7J58G3 JC 8)4- /355
$
48. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡. 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑞F = ∆𝐻 74. 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑟 = j 1. Distance: 𝐷 = ¦((𝑥" − 𝑥$ )" + (𝑦" − 𝑦$ )" )
G(! H)(# G=! H)=#
49. 𝐸𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦: 𝐻 = 𝑈 + 𝑝𝑉 $ 2. Section: 𝑋 = GH) 𝑌 = GH)
75. 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 = "
50. ∆𝐻 = ∆𝑈 + 𝑝∆𝑉 (# H(! H(" =# H=! H="
51. ∆𝐻 = ∆𝑈 + ∆𝑛2 𝑅𝑇 76. 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑡 𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 = 1 3. Centroid : 𝐺 = [ , ]
% %
$ 1(# H^(! H/(" 1=# H^=! H/="
52. 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑐 =
| 77. 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 = & 4. Incentre : 𝐼=[ , ]
G∆p 1H^H/ 1H^H/
| 78. 5. Excentre : 𝐼$ = [
#1(# H^(! H/("
,
#1=# H^=! H/="
]
53. 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑐) = )∆p #1H^H/ #1H^H/
Crystal Radius of No. of pf
54. 𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑠: ∆𝑈 = 𝑞 + 𝑊 𝑥$ 𝑦$ 1
atom atom
55. 𝐸𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: ∆𝐻 = ∑ ∆𝐻FVJ,8/- − Simple a/2 1 52.4% 6. Area of triangle: 𝐴 = ì𝑥" 𝑦" 1ì
∑ ∆𝐻V31/-1)- Cubic 𝑥% 𝑦% 1
56. 7. Slope of line
FCC a/2√2 4 74% = #=
Atomicity 𝛾 𝑐F 𝑐7 BCC √3a/4 2 68% a. Two point : 𝑚 = (!#(#
! #
monoatomic 5/3 5R/2 3R/2 79. 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙 /J#3CC4/43)- JC (
b. Equation : 𝑚 = −
Diatomic 7/5 7R/2 5R/2 /J#3CC4/43)- JC =
80. 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 − 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑠
𝑥$ 𝑦$ 1
Triatomic(non- 4/3 4R 3R Solutions
linear …J. JC GJ53 JC EJ58-3 8. Condition for collinearity ì𝑥" 𝑦" 1ì = 0
e
81. 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝑚) = Ž-. JC EJ573)-(e2) 𝑥% 𝑦% 1
57. 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡: 𝐾3| = e$ …8G^3V JC GJ53 JC EJ58-3 %•,•$* 9. Equation of Straight. line :
4 82. 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝑀) = =
" qJ58G3 JC EJ58-4J) 4) o a a. Point slope: 𝑦 − 𝑦$ = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥$ )
58. 𝐾F = 𝐾/ (𝑅𝑇) ! …8G^3V JC 2V1G 3|. JC EJ58-3
83. 𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝑁) = b. Slope intercept: 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
[I]B[D]1 qJ58G3 JC EJ58-4J) 4) o = #=
59. 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑄 = [:]: [!]4 …8G^3V JC 2V1G CJVG851 G1EE JC EJ58-3 c. Two point: 𝑦 − 𝑦$ = (!#(# (𝑥 − 𝑥$ )
84. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝐹) = ! #
qJ58G3 JC EJ58-4J) 4) o
60. ∆𝐺 J = −2.303𝑅𝑇 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝐾 f f
( =
d. Intercept : 1 + ^ = 1
[:H ][! I ] 85. 𝑝𝑝𝑚 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑋10 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑋10
61. 𝐾4 = [:!] 86. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑦 ` 𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑤: e. Perp / normal: 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 + 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 = 𝑝
62. 𝐾_ = [𝐻H ][𝑂𝐻# ]
= 10#$& 87. 𝑅𝑎𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑡 ` 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: f. Parametric: 𝑥 = 𝑥$ + 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑦 + 𝑟 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃
63. 𝑝𝐻 = − 𝑙𝑜𝑔[𝐻H ] Electrochemistry g. General form = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0
G! #G#
64. 𝑝𝐾_ = 𝑝𝐻 + 𝑝𝑂𝐻 = 14 88. 𝑂ℎ𝑚` 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅 10. Angle b/w two st. line: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = $HG
5 $ G # !
[:I][O" ’H ]
65. 𝐾1 = 89. 𝑅 = 𝜌 : ; 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝜅 = g ; 1# ^ /
[:O] 11. Condition for || lines : 1!
= ^# ≠ /#
$ ! !
[! H ][’O I ] 90. 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐺 = / #/
66. 𝐾^ = [!’O]
Y 12. Distance b/w parallel lines: 𝑑 = #! !!
5 √1 H^
67. 𝐾1 𝑜𝑟 𝐾^ = 𝛼𝑥 " 91. 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝜎 = 1 ; 𝜅 = 𝐺𝜎 13. Condition for ⊥ lines : 𝑎$ 𝑎" + 𝑏$ 𝑏" = 0
68. 𝐾_ = 𝐾1 𝑋 𝐾^ $***“ 14. Position of the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) relative to
92. 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒: 𝛬a = /(GJ51V4-=)
69. 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 $***“
the line ax+by+c = 0
1 93. 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒: 𝛬… = /()JVG154-=) G 1( H^= H/
15. Ratio of division by line: ) = − 1(#H^=#H/
𝑝𝐻 = [𝑝𝐾_ − 𝑝𝐾^ − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑐] ! !
2
 1(# H^=# H/ (! =!
16. Length of ⊥ : 49. |𝑟⃗| = ~𝐴𝐵 •••••⃗ ~ = ¦(𝑥$ − 𝑥* )" + (𝑦$ − 𝑦* )" + (𝑧$ − 𝑧* )" 80. Equation of ellipse: 1! + ^! = 1
√1! H^ !
( #(# = #=# 1(# H^=# H/ •••••⃗ = 𝑟⃗ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐵𝐴
50. If 𝐴𝐵 •••••⃗ = −𝑟⃗ 81. 𝑐 " = 𝑎" − 𝑏"
17. Foot of the ⊥ = =−
1 ^ 1! H^ ! 51. 𝑖𝑓 𝑟⃗$ (𝑥$ , 𝑦$ , 𝑧$ ) = 𝑟⃗" (𝑥" , 𝑦" , 𝑧" ) /
( #(# = #=# 1(# H^=# H/ 82. Eccentricity 𝑒 = 1 < 1
18. Image of (x1, y1): = = −2 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛. 𝑥$ = 𝑥" ; 𝑦$ = 𝑦" ; 𝑧$ = 𝑧" ;
1 ^ 1! H^ ! 1 1!
19. Angle bisectors:
1# (H^# =H/#
=±
1! (H^! =H/!
52. Commutative Law : ⃗
𝐴+𝐵 =𝐵+𝐴•⃗ •⃗ ⃗ 83. Directrices : 𝑥 = ± 3 = ± /
√1! H^ ! √1! H^ !
20. Acute and obtuse bisector 53. Associative Law : z𝐴⃗ + 𝐵 •⃗| + 𝐶⃗ = 𝐴⃗ + (𝐵
•⃗ + 𝐶⃗) 84. Parametric form : 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡; 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡
•⃗ = (𝐴( + 𝐵( )𝚤̂ + z𝐴= + 𝐵= |𝚥̂ + (𝐴> + 𝐵> )𝑘y 85. 𝐴𝑥 " + 𝐵𝑥𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦 " + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0;𝐵" − 4𝐴𝐶 <
𝑎$ 𝑏$ 𝑐$ 54. 𝐴⃗ + 𝐵
21. Condition of congruency ì𝑎" 𝑏" 𝑐" ì = 0 0
55. 𝐴⃗ − 𝐵 •⃗ = (𝐴( − 𝐵( )𝚤̂ + z𝐴= − 𝐵= |𝚥̂ + (𝐴> − 𝐵> )𝑘y
𝑎% 𝑏% 𝑐% 86. Circumference: 𝐿 = 4𝑎𝐸(𝑒)
⃗
56. 𝐴 − 𝐵 •⃗ = 𝐴⃗ + z−𝐵 •⃗ | 87. Approx.: 𝐿 = 𝜋z1.5(𝑎 + 𝑏) − √𝑎𝑏| = 𝜋¦2(𝑎" + 𝑏" )
22. The equation of a family of straight lines passing
through the point of intersection of two lines : 𝑎$ 𝑥 + 57. 𝜆 • 𝐴⃗ = 𝜆𝐴( 𝚤̂ + 𝜆𝐴= 𝚥̂ + 𝜆𝐴> 𝑘y 88. 𝑆 = 𝜋𝑎𝑏
𝑏$ 𝑦 + 𝑐$ + 𝑘(𝑎" 𝑥 + 𝑏" 𝑦 + 𝑐" ) = 0 (! =!
58. 𝜆 • (𝐴⃗ + 𝐵 •⃗ ) = 𝜆 • 𝐴⃗ + 𝜆 • 𝐵 •⃗ 89. Equation of hyperbola: − ^! = 1
23. 𝑖$ = 𝑖; 𝑖 " = −1; 𝑖 % = −𝑖; 𝑖 & = 1; 1!
59. 𝐴⃗ • 𝐵 •⃗ = |𝐴⃗| • ~𝐵 •⃗~ • 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ^
24. 𝑧 = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 90. Asymptotes: 𝑦 = ± 1 𝑥
⃗ •⃗
60. 𝐴 • 𝐵 = (𝐴( 𝑋 𝐵( ) + z𝐴= 𝑋 𝐵= | + (𝐴> 𝑋 𝐵> )
25. (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏) + (𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑) = (𝑎 + 𝑐) + 𝑖(𝑏 + 𝑑) 91. 𝑐 " = 𝑎" + 𝑏"
:⃗•!
A⃗ /
26. (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏) − (𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑) = (𝑎 − 𝑐) + 𝑖(𝑏 − 𝑑) 61. For angle b/w vectors: 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 92. Eccentricity 𝑒 = > 1
|:⃗|•|!
A⃗| 1
27. (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏)(𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑) = (𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏𝑑) + 𝑖(𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏𝑑) 1!
(1H4^) (1/H^,) (^/#1,) 62. Commutative: 𝐴⃗ • 𝐵 •⃗ = 𝐵 •⃗ • 𝐴⃗ 1
93. Directrices : 𝑥 = ± 3 = ± /
28. (/H4,) = ! ! + 𝑖 ! ! 63. Distributive: 𝐴 • z𝐵 + 𝐶⃗| = 𝐴⃗ • 𝐵
⃗ •⃗ •⃗ + 𝐴⃗ • 𝐶⃗
/ H, / H, 94. Parametric form : 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑡; 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑡
29. Conjugate: 𝑎íííííííí
+ 𝚤𝑏 = 𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏 𝐴⃗ • 𝐵 •⃗ = 0 ⟹ 𝐴⃗ & 𝐵 •⃗ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙
64. 95. 𝐴𝑥 " + 𝐵𝑥𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦 " + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0;𝐵" − 4𝐴𝐶 <
30. Polar : 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 = 𝑟(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙) 65. y
𝚤̂ • 𝚤̂ = 𝚥̂ • 𝚥̂ = 𝑘 • 𝑘 = 1y 0
31. Modulus : 𝑟 = √𝑎" + 𝑏" 66. 𝚤̂ • 𝚥̂ = 𝚥̂ • 𝑘y = 𝑘y • 𝚤̂ = 0 96. Circumference: 𝐿 = 4𝑎𝐸(𝑒)
^
32. Argument: 𝜙 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛#$ (1) 67. |𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 •⃗| = |𝐴⃗| • ~𝐵 •⃗ ~ • 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 97.
33. Product in polar : 𝑧$ • 𝑧" = 𝑟$ 𝑟" (𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜙$ +𝜙" ) + 𝚤̂ 𝚥̂ 𝑘y
𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜙$ +𝜙" )) 68. ⃗ •⃗
𝐴 𝑋 𝐵 = ˆ𝐴( 𝐴= 𝐴> ˆ
34. Conjugate in polar = 𝑟(𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝜙) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛(−𝜙)) 𝐵( 𝐵= 𝐵>
$
35. Inverse in polar = (𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝜙) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛(−𝜙)) 𝐴= 𝐴> 𝐴 𝐴> 𝐴( 𝐴=
># V
V 69. 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 •⃗ = ‰ ‰ 𝚤̂ − ‰ ( ‰ 𝚥̂ + ‰ ‰ 𝑘y
36. = V# (𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜙$ −𝜙" ) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜙$ −𝜙" ) 𝐵= 𝐵> 𝐵( 𝐵> 𝐵( 𝐵=
>! !
37. 𝑧 = 𝑟 ) (𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝑛𝜙) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑛𝜙))
) 70. Noncommutative: 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 •⃗ ≠ 𝐵 •⃗ 𝑋 𝐴⃗; 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 •⃗ = −𝐵 •⃗ 𝑋 𝐴⃗
38. De moivre(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙)" = 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝑛𝜙) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑛𝜙) 71. Distributive: 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 z𝐵 •⃗ + 𝐶⃗| = 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 •⃗ + 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐶⃗
39. Euler’s Formula : 𝑒 4z = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙 72. ⃗ •⃗ ⃗
𝐴 𝑋 𝐵 = 0 ⟹ 𝐴 & 𝐵 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 •⃗
40. 73. 𝚤̂ 𝑋 𝚤̂ = 𝚥̂ 𝑋 𝚥̂ = 𝑘y 𝑋 𝑘y = 0
41. Equation of circle: 𝑥 " + 𝑦 " = 𝑟 " 74. 𝚤̂ 𝑋 𝚥̂ = 𝑘y; 𝚥̂ 𝑋 𝑘y = 𝚤̂; 𝑘y 𝑋 𝚤̂ = 𝚥̂
42. Equation of circle: (𝑥 − 𝑎)" + (𝑦 − 𝑏)" = 𝑟 " 𝐴( 𝐴= 𝐴>
43. Parametric form 𝑥 = 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 𝑦 = 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙 75. 𝐴⃗ • (𝐵 •⃗ 𝑋 𝐶⃗) = ˆ 𝐵( 𝐵= 𝐵> ˆ
44. 𝐴𝑥 " + 𝐴𝑦 " + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0 𝐶( 𝐶= 𝐶>
D ] D ! H] ! #&:i
→ 𝑎 = − ": ; 𝑏 = − ": ; 𝑅=š "|:|
76. Volume of parallelopiped: = 𝐴⃗ • (𝐵 •⃗ 𝑋 𝐶⃗)
$
45. 77. Volume of pyramid: = f 𝐴 • (𝐵 𝑋 𝐶⃗) ⃗ •⃗
46. 𝚤̂ = (1,0,0) 𝚥̂ = (0,1,0) 𝑘y = (0,0,1) 78. 𝐴⃗ • z𝐵 •⃗ 𝑋 𝐶⃗| = 0 ⟹ 𝐴⃗ , 𝐵 •⃗ & 𝐵 •⃗ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟
47. |𝚤̂| = |𝚥̂| = ~𝑘y ~ = 1 79. 𝐴 𝑋z𝐵 𝑋 𝐶 | = z𝐴 𝑋 𝐶 |𝐵 − z𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵
⃗ • ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ •⃗ •⃗|𝐶⃗
•••••⃗ = (𝑥$ − 𝑥* )𝚤̂ + (𝑦$ − 𝑦* )𝚥̂ + (𝑧$ − 𝑧* ) 𝑘y
48. 𝑟⃗ = 𝐴𝐵

Trigonometry
→1) sin x has period 2π
2) cos x has period 2π
3) tan x has period π
4) sin(ax+b), cos (ax+b), sec(ax+b),
cosec (ax+b) all are of period 2π/a
5) tan (ax+b) and cot (ax+b) have π/a as
their period
6) |sin (ax+b)|, |cos (ax+b)|, |sec(ax+b)|,
|cosec (ax+b)| all are of period π/a
7) |tan (ax+b)| and |cot (ax+b)| have π/2a
as their period
➖Sum and Difference Formulae of
Trigonometric Ratios
1) sin(a + ß) = sin(a)cos(ß) + cos(a)sin(ß)
2) sin(a – ß) = sin(a)cos(ß) – cos(a)sin(ß)
3) cos(a + ß) = cos(a)cos(ß) – sin(a)sin(ß)
4) cos(a – ß) = cos(a)cos(ß) + sin(a)sin(ß)
5) tan(a + ß) = [tan(a) + tan (ß)]/ [1 -
tan(a)tan (ß)]
6)tan(a - ß) = [tan(a) - tan (ß)]/ [1 + tan (a)
tan (ß)]
7) tan (π/4 + θ) = (1 + tan θ)/(1 - tan θ)
8) tan (π/4 - θ) = (1 - tan θ)/(1 + tan θ)
9) cot (a + ß) = [cot(a) . cot (ß) - 1]/ [cot
(a) +cot (ß)]
10) cot (a - ß) = [cot(a) . cot (ß) + 1]/ [cot
(ß) - cot (a)]
➖Double or Triple -Angle Identities
1) sin 2x = 2sin x cos x
2) cos2x = cos2x – sin2x = 1 – 2sin2x =
2cos2x – 1
3) tan 2x = 2 tan x / (1-tan 2x)
4) sin 3x = 3 sin x – 4 sin3x
5) cos3x = 4 cos3x – 3 cosx
6) tan 3x = (3 tan x - tan3x) / (1- 3tan 2x)
➖For angles A, B and C, we have
1) sin (A + B +C) = sinAcosBcosC +
cosAsinBcosC + cosAcosBsinC -
sinAsinBsinC
2) cos (A + B +C) = cosAcosBcosC-
cosAsinBsinC - sinAcosBsinC -
sinAsinBcosC
3) tan (A + B +C) = [tan A + tan B + tan C
–tan A tan B tan C]/ [1- tan Atan B - tan
B tan C –tan A tan C
4) cot (A + B +C) = [cot A cot B cot C – 101. 𝑊𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠:129.
130. =\frac{ax+ 2
cotA - cot B - cot C]/ [cot A cot B + cot 131. =\frac{ax+ 2
Bcot C + cot A cotC–1] 132. =\frac{ax+ 2
102. 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠: 133. =\frac{ax+ 2
𝑇𝑎𝑛 𝜃 ; 𝐶𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = ; 134. =\frac{ax+ 2
103. 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠: 135. =\frac{ax+ 2
➖List of some other trigonometric 136. =\frac{ax+ 2
formulas: 137. =\frac{ax+ 2
138. =\frac{ax+ 2
139. =\frac{ax+ 2
1) 2sinAcosB = sin(A + B) + sin (A - B) 140. =\frac{ax+ 2
104. 𝑃𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠: 141. =\frac{ax+ 2
2) 2cosAsinB = sin(A + B) - sin (A - B) 142. =\frac{ax+ 2
143. =\frac{ax+ 2
144. left | \frac{2\sqrt{h^{2}-ab}}{a+b} \right |tanΘ=
3) 2cosAcosB = cos(A + B) + cos(A - B) 145.
105. 𝑆𝑖𝑛(−𝜃) = ; 𝐶𝑜𝑠(−𝜃) = ; 1. Trigonometry
2. Differentiation - Integration
4) 2sinAsinB = cos(A - B) - cos (A + B) 106. 𝑇𝑎𝑛(−𝜃) = ; 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐( −𝜃) = ;
3. Error, Dimension & Vector
107. 𝑆𝑒𝑐(−𝜃) = ; 𝐶𝑜𝑡(−𝜃) = ; 4. Motion
5) sin A + sin B = 2 sin [(A+B)/2] cos [(A- 108. 𝑆𝑖𝑛(2𝜃) = ; 5. Uniformly accelerated motion
6. Newton’s Law of Motion
B)/2] 109. 𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝜃) = ;= ;= ;
7. WEP
110. 𝑇𝑎𝑛(2𝜃) = ; 8. Collision
6) sin A - sin B = 2 sin [(A-B)/2] cos 111.
N
𝑠𝑖𝑛 " = 9. Rotational
[(A+B)/2] N 10. Gravitation
112. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 = 11. Elasticity
"
N
113. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 12. Surface Tension
7) cosA + cos B = 2 cos [(A+B)/2] cos 114.
"
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 13. Viscosity
[(A-B)/2] 115. 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 14. Fluid
15. Thermal expansion
116. 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
16. Heat Transfer
117. 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝐴 − 𝐵) =
8) cosA - cos B = 2 sin [(A+B)/2] sin [(B- 17. Radiation
118. 𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
A)/2] 119. 𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
18. Calorimetry
19. KTG
120. 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 • 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 20. Thermodynamics
9) tanA ± tanB = sin (A ± B)/ cos A cos B 121. 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 • 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐵 = 21. Oscillation
122. 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 • 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐵 = 22. Wave
123. 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 • 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 23. Sound & Standing wave
98. 10) cot A ± cot B = sin (B ± A)/ sin A 24. Electric field
124. 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 =
sin B 125. 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐵 = 25. Electric potential
99. 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = ; 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = ; 𝑇𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = ; 126. 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 26. Capacitor
100. 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = ; 𝑆𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = ; 𝐶𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = ; 127. 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐵 = 27. Current
128. 28. Magnetic field
29. Magnetic Force z$ #z%
58. 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑁 ;
30. Magnetism ,y ,y
Y
31. EMI 59. ℰ = −𝐿 ,- = −𝑀 ,-
32. Alternating Current [* … ! Y
60. For coil : 𝐿 =
33. OPTICS "
[* … ! :
34. Wave-optics 61. For solenoid : 𝐿 =
5
35. EMW $
62. Energy: 𝑈 = " 𝐿𝐼"
36. Photon and electron
[* …# …! :6
37. Atom 63. For conc. Coil: 𝑀 = Y4
38. Nuclei [* …# …! :
39. Radioactivity 64. For coaxial solenoid: 𝑀 =
5
40. X-ray 65. For conc. Coil: 𝑀 = 𝑘¦𝐿$ 𝐿"
41. Semi-conductor o
66. 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝜏 = Y = 𝑅C
42. Communication ( (
ℰ
67. Growth 𝐼 = Y (1 − 𝑒 #A ); 𝑉 = ℰ𝑒 #A .
( (
ℰ
68. Decay 𝐼 = Y 𝑒 #A ; 𝑉 = ℰ𝑒 #A .
( (
ℰ
69. Charging 𝐼 = Y 𝑒 #A . 𝑉 = ℰ(1 − 𝑒 #A );
( (
ℰ
70. Discharging: 𝐼 = 𝑒 #A 𝑉 = ℰ𝑒 #A
Y

Electromagnetic Induction(EMI)
,z ,z
51. Faraday’s Law: 𝑒𝑚𝑓 = ℰ = − ) = −𝑁
,- ,-
52. Flux. 𝜙 = 𝐵𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
53. Linked Flux 𝜙5 = 𝑁𝐵𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
,z ,z ,
54. ℰ = − ,-) = −𝑁 ,- = −𝑁 ,- (𝐵𝐴𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃)
𝑑𝐵 𝑑𝐴
= −𝑁𝐴 = −𝑁𝐵 = −𝑁𝐵𝐴𝜔𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
∆z ∆z z$ #z%
55. < ℰ >= − ∆-) = −𝑁 ∆- = −𝑁 ∆-
∆𝐵 𝐵C − 𝐵4
= −𝑁𝐴 = −𝑁𝐴
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡
∆𝐴 𝐴C − 𝐴4
= −𝑁𝐵 = −𝑁𝐵
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃C − 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃4
= −𝑁𝐵𝐴
∆𝑡
56. Motional emf < ℰ >= 𝑙𝐵𝑣 = 𝐵 •⃗ • (𝑙⃗ 𝑋 𝑣⃗)
!WY !
57. Rotating rod: < ℰ >= "