SOCSCI032: GLOBAL GOVERNANCE 2ND SEM AY 23-24

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE 84,500 people were

Cyclone Nargis
killed with 53,800
Introduction (2008)
missing
 The world is facing with threats and challenges that
no single country, no matter how powerful it is can 75,000 people were
deal with. Pakistan
killed with 106,000
Earthquake (2005)
people injured
Threats and Challenges that the World is facing
1. Terrorism
5. Transnational Crimes
 The unlawful use of force or violence against
 Human trafficking (white slavery)
persons or property to intimidate or coerce a
 People smuggling
Government, the civilian population, or any
 Smuggling/trafficking of goods (such as arms
segment.
trafficking)
 Significant Events of Terrorism
 Drug trafficking
“11 September
Hijacked 4 commercial  Sex Slavery and torture
Attacks”
planes, 3000+ were killed
(Sept 11, 2001)
6. Pandemics
202 people were killed  such as EBOLA, H1N1, SARS, HBV, MALARIA,
(88 Australians, 38 MERS
“Bali Bombings”  Most developing countries are affected with
Indonesians, and other
(Oct 12, 2002) this pandemic
people from other
nationalities)  Needs collaboration and cooperation among
countries
More than 160 people
“Mumbai Attack”
including 18 police GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
(Nov 26, 2008)
officers were killed
Global Governance
“Mumbai Railway  A movement towards political cooperation among
209 people were killed,
Bombings” transnational actors
700 injured
(July 11, 2005)  aimed at negotiating responses to
problems that affect more than one state or
2. Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction region
 Chemical  It refers to the rule making efforts to sustain
 nerve agent, such as VX or Sarin, or cooperation in order to address global problems or
mustard gas concerns.
 Biological  Once there is political cooperation, there is
 using a bacteria or virus role-making efforts
 Nuclear  Increasingly, the world has to deal with
 Atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs o security threats
 Radiological o financial breakdown
 Dirty bomb o development concerns
o deteriorating environmental conditions
3. Environmental Degradation  States try to coordinate their efforts to respond to
 Global Warming these challenges through the establishment of
 Global Change international institutions
o United Nation (UN)
 Ozone Layer Depletion
o World Trade Organization (WTO)
 All are product of man’s actions
o International Criminal Court (ICC)
o World Bank
4. Natural Disasters
o Treaties governing environmental change
230,000 people were
2010 Haiti Quake
killed What are the problems that Global Governance deals
with?
2004 Indian Ocean
230,000 – 280,000  Security ● Public Health
Earthquake and
Tsunami
people were killed  Environment ● Economic Governance
  As these problems become common or global, they
 can no longer be tolerated and require
collective action to be managed
 cannot be dealt with at national level, by
individual states acting alone
 No state acting alone can resolve the
turbulence of global economy and world
economic crisis.
 No state acting alone can overcome the
terrorist challenge, or fully protect itself
from transborder diseases.
 No state except North Korea can protect
itself from dangerous ideas and ideologies.
 Thus, what is needed is collective action
and collective management for these
problems, and it is through GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE.
 This rule setting and collective management of
common global problem takes place without a
supreme authority, which could be authorized for
this management.
 At the level of nation states, there is such a
managing authority—the GOVERNMENT. But at the
international level, the government does not
exist.
 So, Global Governance takes place without global
government.
PIECES OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
 Collection of governance-related activities, rules
and mechanisms, formal and informal, existing at a
variety levels in the world today
Pieces of Global Governance
1. International Law
 traditionally defined as the set of norms and
rules governing the relations between
governments or state entities
 Examples:
o Under International Maritime Law and
the Law of the Sea
o Treaties
 An international agreement
concluded between States in written
form and governed by international
law
 whether embodied in a single
instrument or in two or more
related instruments and
whatever its particular
designation
 Mutual Defence Treaty (Philippine
Treaty to the US)
 allows American soldiers to have
their military exercise in the
Philippines
 Extradition Treaty between the
Philippines and the US
 wherein a Filipino committing a
crime here in the PH and try to
avoid the law in the country and
go to the US
 An extradition case can be filed
to that particular person which
may be arrested and be tried in
our country, and vice versa
 International Criminal Law
* Scarborough Shoal or Bajo de Masinloc
2. Soft Law
 rules that are neither strictly binding in
nature nor completely lacking legal
significance
 in international law, it refers to guidelines,
policy declarations or codes of conduct
which set standards of conduct
 However, they are not directly enforceable.
 Examples:
o UN General Assembly resolutions
o Codes (draft treaty, codification of existing
law, recommendation)
o Standards
3. International Organizations
 Organization established by a treaty or other
instrument governed by international law and
possessing its own international legal
personality.
 Generally have States as members, but often
other entities can also apply for membership.
 They both make international law and are
governed by it.
 Examples:
o United Nation
o World Bank
o World Trade Organization
o World Health Organization
4. NGOs (Non-Government Organizations)
 a non-profit, citizen-based group that
functions independently of government
 are organized on community, national and
international levels to serve specific social or
political purposes, and are cooperative, rather
than commercial, in nature
o 2 Broad Groups of NGOs
a. Operational NGOs
 focus on development projects
b. Advocacy NGOs
 are organized to promote particular
causes
 o Types of NGO 7. Private Conference / Governance
 Exercise of political power by private actors
BINGO
(business and civil-society organizations) to
(business-friendly Red Cross
produce decisions that have abiding effects
international NGO)
and reduce actor’s autonomy
ENGO Greenpeace and World  Private firms are attempting to establish
(environmental NGO) Wildlife Fund  enforceable intellectual property rules for
music
GONGO
International Union for  software
(government-  harmonization standards
Conservation of Nature
organized NGO)  sanitation regulation

Oxfam
Actors of Global Governance
 which tried to make
 States
research and study
INGO  the no. 1 actor
about for ex.
(international NGO)  Philippines, United States, Malaysia,
corruption in
Singapore, Japan, and all the states that are
government and
recognized in the world right now
pollution and so on
 Ex: If there is a conflict in the territorial disputes,
QUANGO International we come up with a solution, come up with an
(quasi-autonomous Organization for international law, it may be a treaty or it may be
NGO) Standardization (ISO) a soft law
 IGOs (International Governmental Organization)
 United Nation
5. International Regimes
 NGOs (Non-Government Organizations)
 Implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules,
 before, as a piece of global governance
and decision-making procedures around
 now, became an actor of the global governance
which actors’ expectations converge in a given
 Experts
area of international relations
 experts in the field of medicine, economics, so
 are more specialized arrangements that
on and so forth
pertain to well-defined activities, resources, or
 Global Policy Networks
geographical areas and often involve only some
 how the world is being governed economically
subset of the members of international society
and politically
 Examples:
o CITES (Convention on International Trade  MNCs (Multinational Corporations)
in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and
Fauna)
o Basel Convention
 which governs the international
movement of hazardous waste
o Gold Standard
o International Atomic Energy Agency
 the global nuclear regulatory regime

6. Global Conference
 A global forum/ meeting of people and
organizations that discusses global
governance.
 A unique forum bringing together the world’s
largest network and nearly every government.
 Examples:
o The Labour Party Conference
o WHO Global Health Promotion
Conferences
o Copenhagen Conference on Climate
Change
o Rio Earth Summit