Advancing Science and Discovery
NEWSLETTER
JULY 2016
Porphyry Copper Discovery Beneath the
Valeriano Lithocap, Chile
Richard H. Sillitoe, 27 West Hill Park, Highgate Village, London N6 6ND, England,
Claudio Burgoa, Victor Rae 4777, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile, and
David R. Hopper, First Quantum Minerals Ltd., Callao 3461, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
ABSTRACT
Exploration for porphyry copper
deposits beneath barren or poorly
mineralized, advanced argillic
lithocaps is becoming common-
place; however, there have been few
discoveries except in cases where the
copper ± gold ± molybdenum min-
eralization has been partly exposed,
typically as a result of partial lithocap
erosion. At Valeriano, in the high
Andes of northern Chile, completely
concealed Miocene porphyry cop-
per-gold mineralization was recently
discovered beneath a lithocap. Here,
the results of the staged drilling
program that led to the discovery
are summarized, with emphasis on
the key geologic, alteration, and
mineralization features that provided
guidance. The final deep drill holes
of the 16-hole program cut well-de-
fined advanced argillic and sericitic
alteration zones before entering chal-
copyrite ± bornite–bearing, potas-
sic-altered porphyry, with grades of
0.7 to 1.2% Cu equiv, at depths of
~1,000 to >1,800 m.
E-mail, aucu@compuserve.com, burgoa@esfera.cl, and david.hopper@fqml.com
w w w. s e g w e b . o r g
NUMBER 106
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INTRODUCTION
Lithocaps are large rock volumes—
originally 1 to 2 km thick and
up to tens of square kilometers
in areal extent—that normally
constitute the upper parts of one
or more porphyry copper systems
(Sillitoe, 1995). Typically, they
are wholly or partially composed
of advanced argillic alteration
and can host high-sulfidation
epithermal gold-silver ± copper
mineralization. The advanced
argillic alteration, commonly both
structurally and stratigraphically
controlled, is typified by vuggy
residual quartz and quartz-alunite
at shallower
to page 15 . . .
levels, with
FIGURE 1. Location of the Valeriano cop-
per-gold prospect with respect to other
latest Oligocene-Miocene porphyry and
high-sulfidation (HS) epithermal deposits
and principal prospects in the El Indio
and Maricunga metallogenic belts, north-
ern Chile.
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No 106 • JULY 2016 SEG NEWSLETTER 3

Contents
F E AT U R E A R T I C L E
NEWSLETTER 1 Porphyry Copper Discovery Beneath the Valeriano Lithocap, Chile
NEWSLETTER COLUMNS
Nº 106 — JULY 2016 4 From the Executive Director: SEG Council Actions
7 Presidential Perspective: Supporting That First Footstep on the Industry Career Ladder
Executive Editor................... Brian G. Hoal 8 SEGF Presidential Perspective: Make a Difference—Give Back
Technical Editor.................. Shaun Barker
VIEWS
Views Editors............ Jeffrey Hedenquist 11 SEG Programs Need More Practical Content
John Thompson
SEG NEWS
Production Editor................. Chris Brandt
9 Contributions—SEG, SEG Foundation, and SEG Canada Foundation
News Editor.......................... Alice Bouley 21 Candidates for SEG Officers: Profiles and Vision Statements
Graphic Design 21 Vote Now for 2017 SEG Officers
   & Advertising........... Vivian Smallwood 25 SEG 2016 Thayer Lindsley Visiting Lecturer in the UK
Announcements..................... Alison Cronk 25 SEG 2017: Save the Date!
27-37 SEG 2016: Tethyan Tectonics and Metallogeny in Çeşme, Turkey
Society of Economic Geologists, Inc. 39 SEG International Exchange Lecturer Tour
7811 Shaffer Parkway
40 SIMEXMIN 2016: SEG Participation
Littleton, CO 80127-3732 USA
Tel. +1.720.981.7882 • Fax +1.720.981.7874 SEG STUDENT NEWS
E-mail: seg@segweb.org 42 Round II 2016 Student Chapter Funding
www.segweb.org 42 Welcome, New SEG Student Chapters
43 SEG Foundation 2016 Graduate Student Fellowship Awards
Feature articles are 44 2016 Student Research Grant Awards
peer reviewed before they 46 SEG Bolivia Student Chapter Field Course
are accepted for publication. 46 Escuela Politécnica Nacional Student Chapter Activities
Please submit material to the 47 Montanuniversitaet Leoben Student Chapter: Short Course and Field Trip
Technical Editor. E X P L O R AT I O N R E V I E W S
Tel. +1.720.981.7882 48 Alaska • 48 Australasia • 49 Mexico • 50 Northern Eurasia •
Fax +1.720.981.7874 50 Contiguous United States
E-mail: sbarker@waikato.ac.nz MEMBERSHIP
56 SEG Membership: Candidates and New Fellows, Members, and Student Members
The SEG Newsletter is published quarterly in January, 61 Personal Notes and News
April, July, and October by the Society of Economic
Geologists, Littleton, Colorado, exclusively for mem- ANNOUNCEMENTS
bers of the Society. Opinions expressed herein are 9 Short Course on Diamonds and Their Primary and Secondary Sources,
those of the writers and do not necessarily repre- University of Pretoria, South Africa
sent official positions of the Society of Economic 10 Quarterly Member Tip: Accessing Member Benefits
Geologists. When quoting material from the SEG
­
10 Key Benefits of SEG Membership
Newsletter please credit both author and publication.
14 11th Annual Workshop — Ore Deposits Models and Exploration, Haikou, China
© 2016 The Society of Economic Geologists, Inc. 14 SEG Compilation, Vol. 10 — Mineral Deposits of Nevada
Printed by MODERN LITHO–PRINT CO. 26 SEG Compilation, Vol. 11 — Mineral Deposits of the Tethyan Orogen: Spain to Indochina
Jefferson City, Missouri 38 SEG Reviews, Vol. 18 — Rare Earth and Critical Elements in Ore Deposits
SEG Newsletter non-receipt claims must be 41 13th International Nickel-Copper-PGE Symposium, Perth/Fremantle, WA, Australia
made within four (4) months of the date of publi- 41 Argentina Mining 2016, Salta, Argentina
cation in ­order to be filled without charge. 42 SEG Student Videos: CODES/Lakehead Iceland and Sweden Field Trip
— FOR CONTRIBUTORS — 52 35th International Geological Congress, Cape Town, South Africa
The SEG Newsletter is published for the benefit of 59 AEMA's 2016 Annual Meeting, Exposition and Short Courses, Sparks, Nevada
the worldwide membership of the Society of Eco- 60 IV International Conference, ITES-2016, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia
nomic Geologists. We invite news items and short 60 XVIII Congreso Peruano de Geología, Lima, Peru
articles on topics of potential interest to the mem-
bership. If you have questions on submittal of ma-
S E G E D U C AT I O N & T R A I N I N G C U R R I C U L U M
terial, please call the SEG office at +1.720.981.7882 51 SEG at GSA 2016 — Pre-Conference Field Trip, Mineral Deposits and Geology of
or send details by FAX to +1.720.981.7874; by e-mail the Silver City Mining District and Owyhee Mountains, Southwestern Idaho
to publications@segweb.org. 52-53 SEG Workshops at the 35th International Geological Congress, Cape Town, South Africa
Format: E-mailed news items should be 5 Mb 54-55 SEG-WMS Senior Exploration Management Course, Littleton, Colorado, USA
maximum. Send to publications@segweb.org.
Short items may be faxed. Please include your CALENDAR OF EVENTS
name and contact information for verification 62 Calendar
purposes. Please e-mail Chris Brandt at the above
address if you have questions.
Advertising: Paid advertising is solicited to help
offset publication and mailing costs; for rates, ADVERTISERS —
contact viviansmallwood@segweb.org. 2 Actlabs, Ltd. (inside front cover) 39 Laravie, Joseph A. 47 Renaissance Gold, Inc.
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AVRUPA Minerals Olson, Steven F.
DEADLINE FOR NEWSLETTER #107: 13
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4 SEG NEWSLETTER
FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
SEG Council Actions
Toronto, Canada – March 5, 2016
The SEG Council held a regularly sched-
uled meeting at the Radisson Admiral
Harbourfront Hotel in Toronto, Can-
ada. Members of the Council present
were R.P. Foster (Chair), T. Baker, R.M.
Baumgartner, H.C. Golden, R.J. Gold-
farb, D.J. Hall, K.B. Heather, B.G. Hoal,
D.L. Kelley (President of Foundation),
A.J. Macdonald, J. Mao, R.P. Moritz, H.
Noyes, L.J. Robb, F. Robert, A.C. Simon,
and M. Soylu. Guests A. Cronk and N.
Fernandez were in attendance. Apol-
ogies were received from B.G. Rusk.
President Foster called the meeting to
order at 8:00 a.m.
After self-introductions and noting
that there was a new item from the
Executive Committee under Other
Business, President Foster proceeded
with the meeting and Council took the
following actions:
n Approved a motion from Robert to
accept the minutes of the meeting
held on September 26, 2015, in
Hobart, Tasmania.
n Approved a motion from Moritz to
accept the verbal report of President
Foster in which he noted that the
Society had been through a difficult
year but emerged with only a small
operating deficit and virtually no
loss of members. Despite a decline
in publication sales, the future looks
bright, with a full pipeline of new
publications. The President and Pres-
ident-Elect had met with SEG staff
in Littleton, Colorado, and Foster
noted that it is a strong team that
takes ownership of tasks to grow the
Society. He thanked the staff for their
efforts as well as the President of the
Foundation for working more closely
with the Society and the Canada
Foundation. Foster noted that confer-
ences are important to the SEG and
that Hobart had been a success both
in terms of attendance and fund-rais-
ing. These conferences often establish
important footprints in new regions
that need to be sustained through
involvement of traveling lecturers,
student chapters, members who can
mentor, Regional VPs, and country
representatives. With the inclusion of
the Chair of the Education and Train-
ing Committee in the Program Steer-
ing Committee, there would be more
effective lines of communication
between governance and conference
organizing committees. A proposal
for the establishment of an ad hoc
Young Professionals’ Committee
could provide important bottom-up
input to the Council with regard to
the needs of students and younger
members. Growing the membership
and retaining members are key goals
that would be more easily achieved
by adding the VP for Student Affairs
to the Executive Committee. This
would be addressed later in the Coun-
cil meeting.
n Approved a motion from Moritz to
ratify the following actions taken by
the Executive Committee since its
meeting on September 25, 2015:
— Approved on October 13, 2015,
the draft Executive Committee
minutes for the September 25,
2015, meeting held at the Wrest
Point Hotel, Hobart, Tasmania,
Australia.
— Approved Fellowship List No.
15-04 on December 7, 2015,
thereby admitting the following
10 candidates to SEG Fellowship:
Cesar E. Aguirre, Corrie C. Cham-
berlain, James S. Cleverley, Andrew
J. du Toit, Eugenio Ferrari, Richard
H. Knight, Giuseppe Lo Grasso, Sil-
via Rosas Lizarraga, Lejun Zhang,
and Jionghui Wang.
— Approved on February 1, 2016,
the slate of members for the
2016 Nominating Committee.
The members are François Robert
(Chair), Brian G. Rusk, M. Stephen
Enders, A. James Macdonald, Jamie
Wilkinson, Regina M. Baumgart-
ner, and Judith A. Kinnaird.
— Approved on February 8, 2016,
the slate of members for the 2016
Committee on Committees. The
members are John F.H. Thomp-
son (Chair), Anthony B. Christie,
Sarah A. Gleeson, Anthony C.
No 106 • JULY 2016
Harris, Gema
R. Olivo,
and Franco
Pirajno. Brian G. Hoal
And the following SEG Executive Director
and Editor
actions taken by
the Council since
its meeting on Sep-
tember 26, 2015:
— Approved on October 30, 2015,
the draft Council minutes for the
September 26, 2015, meeting held
at the Mezzanine Boardroom,
Wrest Point Hotel in Hobart, Tas-
mania, Australia.
— Approved on December 19, 2015,
the SEG Bylaw amendments
endorsing the Chair of the Educa-
tion and Training Committee, the
President-Elect, as a member of the
Program Committee.
n Passed a motion from Baumgartner
accepting the report of the Founda-
tion President, David Kelley, in which
he noted that program disbursements
were holding up despite the difficult
fund-raising environment. An anon-
ymous donor was again very helpful
but it was difficult for Foundation to
plan around these contributions. The
Foundation was working with Can-
ada Foundation to determine the best
strategy for raising funds in a coordi-
nated fashion. President Kelley noted
that from personal experience in
industry as the recipient of requests
for funds, there was need for a uni-
fied message from the SEG group.
He also made reference to the recent
passing of Dick Hutchinson and that
Foundation would be discussing ways
in which to honor his memory.
n Passed a motion from Foster accept-
ing the report of the Executive Direc-
tor. Key highlights were the steady
membership despite a challenging
industry environment, ending the
year at 7,405 (25% being students),
success of the SEG 2015 conference
and associated educational events at
Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, contin-
ued growth in student chapters, and
No 106 • JULY 2016
further expansion of social media.
Hoal noted that there was again
significant financial support provided
to student programs in 2015 by SEG,
Foundation, and Canada Founda-
tion, with an estimated US$500,000
disbursed in travel grants, student
chapter grants, research grants, and
fellowships.
n Passed a motion from Robert to
approve the Treasurer’s Report pre-
sented by Noyes that covered the
annual audit, financials for 2015,
and final budget for 2016. It was
noted that the independent Auditors’
Report submitted by Bauerle & Co.
expressed a favorable opinion of the
Society’s financial position and that
suggestions in the report of the Audit
Committee would be taken under
advisement by the Treasurer and
Executive Director.
n Passed a motion from Moritz to ratify
the members of the Investment Com-
mittee and approve the Investment
Policy Summary in the 4th quarter
2015 report by Innovest Portfolio
Solutions. A loss of nearly 6% in the
portfolio was being followed up by
the Investment Committee to deter-
mine what changes, if any, should be
made to the asset allocation and/or
management at its next meeting.
n Passed a motion from Robb to accept
the report of the Program Committee
Chair (Robert). The following topics
and meetings were discussed in detail:
n The strategic framework for SEG con-
ference planning had undergone a
number of iterations with input from
several committees. There was wide-
spread recognition of the importance
of conferences in providing annual
revenue and expanding the Society’s
footprint in regions while maintain-
ing an international flavor. Stand-
alone conferences at Keystone every
fourth year would continue and early
engagement between the Program
Committee (now including the Chair
of the Education and Training Com-
mittee) and conference Organizing
Committees would be emphasized.
n SEG 2016 conference (in partnership
with the Turkish Association of Eco-
nomic Geologists, MJD) was reported
on by the Chair of the Organizing
Committee, Mesut Soylu. Dates for
the conference are September 25–28,
2016, and the meeting theme is
Tethyan Tectonics and Metallogeny. He
SEG NEWSLETTER
noted that the hotel contract with
the Sheraton Çeşme had been final-
ized by the meeting planner, ZED,
and that almost all of the invited
speakers had responded positively.
Abstract submissions were open until
March 31 and registration would be
opening shortly. One field trip to
western Turkey (borates) had to be
canceled due to withdrawal of per-
mission but the rest of the program
was going ahead. The fund-raising
environment was difficult and any
perceptions of security problems were
being addressed by noting that the
venue was remote from trouble spots
in Turkey. A committee meeting was
planned for the following day to
discuss all aspects of the conference.
n SEG 2017 conference (in partnership
with the China University of Geosci-
ences, Beijing) was reported on by the
Chair of the Organizing Committee,
Rich Goldfarb. Dates for the confer-
ence were September 17–20, 2017,
with a meeting theme Ore Deposits of
China: Asia and Beyond. The CUGB
campus venue would allow for signif-
icant savings on expenses but it was
anticipated that attendance would
need to be capped at about 1,200
attendees. There would be an on-site
meeting in mid-April with most of
the Organizing Committee including
the meeting planner, German-In-
spired Events, that has experience in
organizing large conventions such as
China Mining. It was anticipated that
the local SEG Student Chapter would
be involved in the conference orga-
nization and act as host to visiting
students.
n SEG 2018 conference update by
Hoal noted that the Keystone venue
contract was in place and a contract
with a local meeting planner was in
its final stages. The Program Commit-
tee would consider and invite a Chair
for the Organizing Committee so
that work on the meeting theme and
program could commence.
n SEG 2019 conference was under con-
sideration by the Program Committee
while it was recognized that the Soci-
ety’s 100th anniversary in 2020 would
require the Executive Committee to
appoint an Anniversary Committee
soon.
Apart from SEG 2015, key events for
Society involvement in 2015 included
a gold workshop (February 7–8)
5
pre-Mining Indaba in Cape Town,
South Africa; courses on copper and
structure (February 27–28) pre-PDAC
in Toronto, Canada; a course on gran-
ite-greenstones (May 2–3) pre-Joint
Assembly in Montreal, Canada; a
Carlin gold forum (May 17) pre-GSN
in Reno, USA; Pro-Explo (May 18–20)
in Lima, Peru; UNESCO-SEG-SGA
(July 1–9); courses on gold in Ghana
with Newmont (August 14–15) and
pre-SGA in Nancy, France (August
22–23); a placer field trip post-GSA
in Baltimore, USA (November 5–6);
a mineral deposits workshop in
Xi’an, China (November 10–14); and
a senior exploration management
course at SEG (December 1–4).
n Passed a motion from Robert to accept
the report of the Education and Train-
ing Committee as prepared by the Pro-
gram Coordinator (Elizabeth Holley)
and presented by the President-Elect
and Chair of the committee, Lau-
rence Robb. There had been 15 short
courses/workshops and 9 field trips
during 2015 and a similar number was
planned for the current year, primar-
ily around the SEG 2016 conference
in Turkey. Robb further reported on
the March 2, 2016, meeting of the
Education and Training Committee in
Littleton, Colorado, drawing attention
to the following points:
— The high level of short courses and
field trips around SEG conferences
that add to the significance of
these “footprints.”
— The inaugural Economic Geology
101 introductory workshop to
take place at the 35th IGC con-
vention in Cape Town, South
Africa, in September. This will be
an evolving course and greater
dissemination via video should be
considered.
— The need among some participants
for a “certificate of attendance”
and the possibility of getting SEG
courses accredited.
— Re-skilling courses focused espe-
cially on young professionals in
the current industry downturn.
Incorporation of more environ-
mental science in courses was
becoming increasingly relevant
and potentially required by
employers.
— Greater publicity for
the Education and to page 6 . . .
6 SEG NEWSLETTER
. . . from page 5 SEG Council Actions (continued)
Training Program to non-members
could provide a powerful recruiting
tool and there is an opportunity
for more broadly based lectures
that would appeal to the general
public.
— Other possible areas for the com-
mittee to consider include a work-
shop on technical writing (Kelley),
and self-contained topics such
as the link between volcanology
and ore deposits (Simon) – these
courses might be presented online.
n Acknowledged the following key
points raised by the Chair of the Stu-
dents’ Committee, Fernandez:
n Passed a motion from Robb to accept
— Broadening the Foundation-spon-
the report of the Publications Board as
sored Student Field Trips, given
presented by the Chair, Rich Gold-
their widespread popularity among
farb. The following points were noted:
students.
— Revitalization of the online
mentoring initiative.
— The Oral History videos on the
SEG website are under-appreciated
and should be better publicized.
Extension of such video material or
virtual presentations could be con-
sidered for SEG Traveling Lecturers.
n Passed a motion from Baker to accept
the report of the Vice President for
Regional Affairs, Macdonald, and
recommend the budget therein for
approval by the SEG Foundation
Board of Trustees. The President com-
plimented Macdonald on the extent
to which he had followed up with
the Regional VPs and noted the need
to make them more aware of Stu-
dent Chapters within their regions.
Incoming Regional VPs for 2016
are as follows: Kezhang Qin (Asia),
Marina Yudovskaya (North Eurasia),
and Roberto Xavier (South America).
n Passed a motion from Macdonald
to accept the report of the Student
Affairs Committee as presented by
the Vice President for Student Affairs,
Baumgartner, including approval
of the following Student Chapter
applications:
— Middle East Technical University
(METU), Turkey (new chapter).
— University of Portsmouth, UK (new
chapter).
This now brings the total number
of student chapters to 96 in 31
countries. It was noted that fund-
ing of Student Chapters by SEG
was more diverse than funding of
individuals by the Foundations.
The regional breakout was North
America (46%), Europe (26%),
South America (20%), Asia (7%),
and Africa (1%). Based on survey
results, there is a need to get the
Student Chapter advisors much
more involved and it was agreed
that Regional VPs should assist
with this initiative. This would
help accomplish the goal of pro-
viding much broader mentorship
to students.
— Claire Chamberlain replaced Tim
Baker, whose term had ended on
the board.
— Good operating financials with
e-books starting to sell on the Geo-
ScienceWorld platform and lower
journal costs experienced due to a
decline in the amount of print.
— Minimal uptake to date on Gold
Open Access; Green Open Access
had been adopted by the board
starting in January.
— Goals of publishing three issues
ahead and optimum issue sizes
of 200 pages had not yet been
reached.
— Publications anticipated for 2016
release include Reviews volumes
on Rare Earth and Critical Elements
and Abitibi Metallogeny, a Special
Publication on Tethyan Metallogeny,
and Compilations DVDs on Min-
eral Deposits of Africa and Mineral
Deposits of the Tethys Region.
— Publications in the pipeline
include Special Publications on
Diamonds (Rio Tinto) and Mineral
Deposits of China; Reviews vol-
umes on Carlin-type Gold Deposits,
Structural Geology of Ore Deposits,
and Ore Mineralogy and Microscopy
(e-format); and a Compilation
DVD on Mineral Deposits of Canada.
— Given the anticipated load of
publications in the next two years
and the desire to keep the journal
on schedule, it was anticipated that
No 106 • JULY 2016
SEG would need additional staff
resources, probably on a contract
basis.
n On a motion from Robb, ratified the
Editorial Board’s recommendation for
the Skinner Award, i.e., the best paper
in Economic Geology during the prior
year, as follows:
— C.N. Mercer, M.H. Read, and C.M.
Mercer (2015), "Timescales of
Porphyry Cu Deposit Formation:
Insights from Titanium Diffu-
sion in Quartz," Vol. 110, no. 3,
p. 587–602.
n On a motion from Macdonald,
approved a proposal from the Execu-
tive Committee for an ad hoc Young
Professionals’ Committee as pre-
sented by Hoal. It was agreed that this
committee would serve as a means to
both engage promising individuals
who were not involved in regular SEG
committees and as a group that could
bridge the gap between students and
more experienced professionals. The
Executive Committee was tasked by
Council with establishing a charter
for this new committee to determine
its structure, objectives, deliverables,
and reporting process to Council.
n On a motion from Robert, approved a
proposal from the Executive Com-
mittee to include the VP for Student
Affairs as a member of the SEG
Executive Committee. This would
require changes in the SEG Bylaws to
both the composition of the Execu-
tive Committee as well as an increase
in the quorum stipulated for the
Council. A formal vote of Council to
approve these amendments would be
requested by March 31, 2016.
n Agreed to schedule the next meeting
of the Council on Saturday, Septem-
ber 24, 2016, from 1:00 to 5:00 pm at
the Sheraton Hotel in Çeşme, Turkey.
n Adjourned the meeting at 12:00 p.m.
on a motion from Robert. 1
No 106 • JULY 2016
PRESIDENTIAL PERSPECTIVE
Supporting That First Footstep on the
Industry Career Ladder
The title of my Perspective in the April
issue of the Newsletter was “Recruitment,
Retention, and Continuing Professional
Development Through the Troughs,” a
theme that is core to the Society’s profes-
sional focus in terms of its responsibil-
ities to members and its importance to
the future of our industry. My personal
interest in this topic reflects 40 years of
industry involvement as a young mine
and exploration geologist, a subsequent
academic stint where I recognized the
importance of creating a pathway from
graduation to industry employment, my
current role as an employer (albeit via a
small-cap exploration and mining com-
pany)—and the firm belief that, after 40
years, surely there must be something I
can give back!
As President-Elect of the SEG, the
incumbent is chair of the Education and
Training Committee and this provides
considerable scope to “give back” in
terms of what E&T opportunities might
be most appropriate for our members.
An important focus continues to be how
the Society can support young profes-
sionals in their career advancement and
also the need to ensure that our indus-
try continues to attract well-trained
and motivated graduates. These twin
objectives are realized by a combina-
tion of training courses and financial
support for graduate and post-graduate
activities. These deliverables are real
strengths of the Society but there is a
constant need to consider how best to
deliver, and long-standing SEG Fellow
Fred Graybeal has provided a timely and
valuable reminder of this need in his
contribution to the Views platform, enti-
tled “SEG Programs Need More Practical
Content" (p. 11).
His contribution proposes that a por-
tion of the Society’s funds used to sup-
port university research for early career
geologists, usually at the post-graduate
level, be redirected to support a small
number of Industry Fellowship Grants
to give graduate students the opportu-
nity to work on operating mines or on
exploration projects. Fred comments
that such funding would “provide real
world experience with a real company,”
and adds, “that’s how you start a career,
not with another 2-week short course,
but with a job.” Certainly there is no
SEG NEWSLETTER
disputing the idea that early-career, even
pre-graduation, exposure to the real
world would provide excellent insight
to career opportunities and what would
be expected of the early-career economic
geologist. Equally, it is very appropriate
to question whether the SEG contin-
ues to make best use of its resources to
support early-career members. Of course,
this in turn highlights related decisions
facing young geoscientists: “why should
I join the Society?” or “why continue
my membership?”—questions that are
equally critical to the future of the Soci-
ety. A number of members of the Society
have responded to Fred’s challenging
and constructive observations and I also
welcome the opportunity to provide a
brief personal viewpoint based on my
appreciation of the Society’s strengths.
With the substantial support and
hard work of the SEG Foundation and
SEG Canada Foundation, the Society
funds a range of initiatives for stu-
dents and early-career members, from
supporting Student Chapters and field
trips to Student Research Grants and
Graduate Student Fellowships. Should
we be encouraging students to con-
sider economic geology as a career?
Undoubtedly, yes—our industry by its
very nature is extremely cyclical but
this cannot detract from the need for
a continuing influx of young geosci-
entists to underpin its future, and the
Society’s support for students in this
context is very appropriate. Naturally,
some of these young graduates will
remain focused on research and join
the 10% of the Society’s members who
have largely academic careers but deliver
the fundamental research that advances
our understanding of metallogenic
principles and informs our exploration
strategies.
With respect to those considering
embarking on an industry career, there
is no doubt that prior exposure to the
industry would be invaluable, but is Fred
Graybeal’s suggestion of funding a small
number of industry fellowships the
most appropriate route? Certainly, the
Society needs to engage with potential
employers to facilitate early career devel-
opment, but the real (hidden) costs and
other considerations of such short-term
positions may well discourage potential
7
employers consider-
ing this option.
Tailored train-
ing courses might
be an acceptable Robert P. Foster
alternative, a point SEG President 2016
acknowledged by
Fred, and this is an
area where the Society has developed
considerable capabilities. However, the
E&T Committee has also been giving
serious attention to the specific need
for early-career training to assist young
economic geologists to enter industry
and remain employable during these
particularly difficult times, and this
means delivering training that makes
them employable. In this regard the
SEG is actively considering training
courses more closely geared to industry’s
immediate requirements: the manage-
ment of exploration geochemistry and
geophysics programs, mining geology
and underground mapping, open-pit
mining, brownfields exploration, geo-
metallurgy, and much more.
Key to delivering such initiatives is
an understanding of what skills industry
demands, and to some extent this can
be a moveable feast, so the Society is
constantly seeking the guidance of its
informal network of industry leaders
and also of the network of Regional Vice
Presidents. Training courses partnered
with and part-funded by industry could
be a mutually beneficial option and we
continue to explore such options. How-
ever, initiatives such as these usually rely
on the understanding and cooperation
of senior exploration personnel, who in
turn are constantly faced with balanc-
ing limited exploration budgets against
the recognition that recruitment and
training are also important factors in
maintaining a well-balanced exploration
team. We have to accept this and work
around the issues with the cooperation
of our senior exploration and mining
colleagues, but it should still be a pri-
ority to get the message across at board
level.
This is a valuable debate. Please let us
have your thoughts as we continue to
see how best the Society can support its
younger members and especially those
just about to take that first important
step on their career ladders. 1
8 SEG NEWSLETTER
       F O U N D AT I O N P R E S I D E N T I A L P E R S P E C T I V E
Make a Difference – Give Back
Much has been written about the cur-
rent downturn in the mining industry
and the impact this has on jobs, train-
ing, internships, and research. For those
of us that have been through a few of
these cycles, we know that these periods
are generally a time of under-invest-
ment; less money is spent on explo-
ration, mine expansions, new mine
construction, and research and develop-
ment. This has many obvious carry-over
effects, including reduction in staff lev-
els, outreach programs that contribute
to research funding, and
fewer opportunities for Please consider how your
new graduates—to name organization may be
a few. During the boom able to benefit from the
times we have the oppo- temporary employment of
site problem of too many graduate geoscientists.
opportunities and not
enough qualified geoscientists to fulfill
these opportunities. This boom-and-
bust cycle is not sustainable, and with
each cycle it is more difficult to recover.
Not surprisingly, geology programs at
universities are out of sync with the
rapid changes in industry. I recently
noted that several of the universities in
Peru currently have over 500 geology
students in each of their programs.
What is the optimal balance between
geology graduates and jobs in industry,
government, and academia?
You will read elsewhere in this
newsletter an article by Fred Graybeal
(SEG SF74), proposing new ideas of how
the SEG might use some of its research
funds to create opportunities for new
graduates embarking on a career in eco-
nomic geology. While some of his ideas
may have complications, I applaud
him for trying to think of new ways the
Society can benefit young geoscientists.
In my reply to Fred’s original proposal,
I mentioned that many of the larger
companies have programs designed to
give recent graduates an opportunity
to obtain work experience and relevant
training. Companies have graduate pro-
grams to benefit their organization, but
collectively they serve an important role
in developing future leaders in the min-
ing industry. Although these programs
often get scaled back during down
cycles, the idea of graduate programs in
companies large and small needs to be
promoted. As Fred correctly points out,
internships provide invaluable experi-
ence to young graduates and it helps
them build a network that can serve
them throughout their careers. Many
graduate programs are 1 to 2 years in
length, but they do not necessarily
have to be that way. Even a 6-month
or summer appointment can make a
difference early in a graduate’s career.
For any of the managers with hiring
authority reading this, please consider
how your organization may be able to
benefit from the temporary
employment of graduate
geoscientists.
I’d like to close by talking
about making a difference.
I think we all are motivated
by making a difference—in
our jobs and our personal lives. Most
exploration geologists I know have the
lifelong dream of helping to make an
important discovery, one that generates
wealth for their company, jobs and ben-
efits for local communities. Researchers
hope that their work has an impact in
some way on science or innovations that
are adapted by industry. Professors hope
that their teachings inspire students
to pursue a career as a geoscientist in
academia, government, or industry. Suc-
cess in any of these
endeavors certainly
Ways of making a differ-
makes a difference—
ence include volunteering for
new resources for
organizations such as the SEG,
society, new deposits
helping to improve the many
that require research
programs that exist, or mentor-
that often leads to a
ing the student members.
better understanding
of ore deposits, and
new geoscientists, often with a fresh
perspective on the latest trends in the
geosciences. Other ways of making a
difference include volunteering for orga-
nizations such as the SEG, helping to
improve the many programs that exist,
or mentoring the student members.
There are a number of opportunities to
get involved in the SEG. I encourage you
to become a Fellow of the Society if you
are not already so that you can serve on
Council and Foundation. Michael Stein-
mann, who recently joined SEG Foun-
dation, made the observation that the
Foundation was not very diverse with
No 106 • JULY 2016
respect to gender.
This is something
we will improve
on to ensure that
we better serve the
diverse needs of the
Society members. David L. Kelley
Financial contri- SEG Foundation
butions also make President 2016
a huge difference.
Please consider
making a contribution, either personal
or corporate, if you are able to do so.
Each year the SEG Foundation and SEG
Canada Foundation set fund-raising
goals for the many programs that serve
Society members; the 2016 goals are
$300,000 for SEGF and $160,000 for
SEGCF. SEGF contributions primarily
come from corporate and individual
donors, whereas SEGCF donations pri-
marily come from the junior company
sector. Although these are adjusted to
fit the market conditions, we cannot
reach these goals without your contri-
butions. A new initiative, such as that
which could grow from the SEG General
Fund contributions in memory of Dick
Hutchinson (see the note on the celebra-
tion of Dick’s life in the Personal Notes
and News), would require significant
additions to reach the $100,000 level to
make the individual fund sus-
tainable. This will require indi-
vidual and corporate donations
to succeed. I can think of no
better way to honor Dick’s leg-
acy than to benefit economic
geology students. Alternatively,
funds raised in honor of Dick
could also help subsidize the
cost of a Special Publication.
As mentioned previously, the multi-
year corporate donors make up a sig-
nificant part of our annual fund-raising
goals. They also provide a predictable
level of support that allows the SEG
to plan ahead with various programs.
I’m happy to report that Pan American
Silver has joined Anglo American, New-
mont, Barrick, Bear Creek, Regulus, and
Coeur d'Alene as a corporate donor. On
behalf of the SEG Foundation, I would
like to thank these organizations and
our generous individual donors—you
are definitely making a difference. 1
No 106 • JULY 2016 SEG NEWSLETTER 9

Contributions 2/1/2016–4/30/2016
Thank you for your generous contributions to the Society and the SEG Foundation.

SEG General Fund Up to $99 $500 Up to $99

Chapple, Kenneth, Australia Nielsen, Richard, USA Mwamba, Kelvin, South Africa
$100
Eggers, Alan, Australia Hugo T. Dummett Fund $100-$250 Alberto Terrones L.
Blake, Pamela, USA Fund
Up to $99 Up to $99 Cheney, Eric, USA
Abbey, Jeremy, USA Chapple, Kenneth, Australia Halls, Christopher, United King- Up to $99
Chirinos Bueno, Fausto Jusselino, dom Godefroy, Marcelo, Australia
Peru Hugh E. McKinstry Fund Up to $99
Titley, Spencer, USA
Veliz Mamani, F. Javier, Peru $500 Dyriw, Nicholas, Australia Canada Foundation
Nielsen, Richard, USA Johnson, Robert, USA
SEG Foundation Mwamba, Kelvin, South Africa $100
General Fund Up to $99 Perreault, Serge, Canada
Alvarez, Nestor, Argentina Graduate Student Piercey, Stephen, Canada
Corporate Contribution Fellowship Fund
Timothy Nutt Fund
$10,000 Corporate Contribution
Pan American Silver Corp., Canada $100
Schroer, George, Chile $10,000
Coeur Mining, USA
$500 Student Field Trip Fund
Kelley, David, USA
$10,000 $10,000
Discovery Fund Anonymous, USA Anonymous
$120 $1,000 $1,000
Vidal, Cesar, Peru Seavoy, Ronald, USA Seavoy, Ronald, USA

Environmental and Natural Sciences

Short Course on Diamonds and Their Primary and Secondary Sources

18–21 October 2016 • University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Course leaders: Mike de Wit and John Bristow
Topics to be covered:
1. Exploration: History of diamonds, world diamond markets, origin of diamonds, kimberlites/lamproites and cratons, structural geology and
diamond exploration, modern exploration techniques, geophysics and diamonds, indicator minerals chemistry (Mike de Wit, John Bristow,
Fanus Viljoen, Hielke Jelsma, Gavin Selfe, Hilde Conwright, Katie Small).
2. Primary and Secondary Sources of Diamonds: Classification of primary sources of diamonds including kimberlites/lamproites, character-
istics and settings of secondary or alluvial diamond deposits in South Africa (Orange, Vaal River, NW Province), Africa and India, marine
diamond deposits (Johan Stiefenhofer, Tania Marshall, John Ward, Mike de Wit).
3. Evaluation and Economic Valuation of Diamond Deposits: Due diligence and geological requirements, diamond valuation (rough and
polished) and size frequency studies, mining methods, evaluation of alluvial deposits, financial valuation models (John Bristow, Alex
Holder, Derek Lahee, Jeffrey Brenner/Grant Ziegler, Tania Marshall).
4. Visit to Cullinan Mine, Pretoria, on 21 October.
This unique course in diamond exploration and evaluation will be presented at the University of Pretoria by a group of experts in their
respective fields, ranging from exploration methods, geophysical techniques appropriate to diamond exploration, mining methods, diamonds,
mineral chemistry, petrography, kimberlites/lamproites and cratons, and secondary diamond deposits. It has been several decades since the
last major discovery was made and the markets will be looking for an additional production of diamonds in the future. Funds raised during this
short course are earmarked to cover the registration expenses for the honours students at the University of Pretoria and as well as for a
post-graduate fund for junior lecturers at the university.
For details of this course you can contact Mike De Wit at dewit@icon.co.za, or John Bristow at johnbristow@incubex.co.za. Some of the
places have been reserved for the 2016 geology honours students, so early booking is recommended.
Registration and enquiries: Vusani Mathada, Tel: +27 (012) 420 2281 Email: Vusani.mathada@up.ac.za
10 SEG NEWSLETTER No 106 • JULY 2016

Advancing Science and Discovery

ry Since 1905
Advancing Science and Discove

Economic
Advancing Science and Discovery

Geology
BULLETIN OF
THE SOCIETY
NEWSLETTER
OF ECONOMIC
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GEOLOGISTS
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VOLUME 110 / NUMBER

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JANUARY 2015
USA-CANADA
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Advancing Science and

Discovery
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Geochemical Dispers
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Scott Halley, Mineral

Mapping Pty Ltd., 24 Copper Deposits
University, College of Earth, Webb Street, Rossmoyne,
Oceanic and Atmospheric WA 6148, Australia, John

La
United States, and Richard Sciences,104 CEOAS H. Dilles, Oregon State

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M. Tosdal,† PicachoEx Administrative Building,

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LLC, 21 Quince Mill Court, Corvallis, OR 97331,

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North Potomac, MD 20878,

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ABSTRACT United States

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Lake
Whole-rock lithogeochemic a.) Hydrothermal alteration
al analyses combined

Key Benefits of Membership

with short-wave infrared assemblages

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provide a rapid and cost-effectivespectroscopy
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non
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Corresponding author: of hydrothermal alteration section of a typical porphyry Cu deposit showing
†
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No 106 • JULY 2016 SEG NEWSLETTER 11

VIEWS
The Views section of the Newsletter began in 2010, the intent being to create a forum for ideas and discussion. Many interest-
ing and thoughtful pieces have been published and we are grateful for the time that the authors have taken to generate ideas,
write Views, and respond to editorial requirements. In this issue, we feature a Views article by Fred Graybeal (SEG 1974 SF). In
addition to some wide-ranging comments, Fred makes suggestions on how SEG should help students and young professionals
embark on a career in mineral exploration, particularly during the current down cycle. Fred’s suggestions are new and provoc-
ative, and we used them to solicit immediate feedback from both seasoned and young professionals; seven comments are
included in the full version, available online.*
Fred’s comments caused some discussion and even a little soul-searching among those involved in SEG. That is always
a good thing, but it is worth remembering that the staff in Littleton, and volunteers representing SEG Council, SEG Foun-
dation, and numerous committees consistently do their best to address issues and manage SEG within numerous financial,
legal, strategic, and practical constraints. The Views articles add constructively to the mix but are not always actionable. In his
Presidential Perspective in this issue (p. 7), Bob Foster provides more of the SEG context.
Finally, Fred and the authors of the seven comment pieces collectively raise many interesting points. With editorial license,
these question the role of SEG in the following:
• Research, education, and training with balanced programs among all three;
• Encouraging and connecting students with employment opportunities;
• Maximizing the number of students involved—even when jobs may not be available;
• Selectively seeking students who may have the best chance of employment;
• Adjusting SEG programs to match the cycles—in phase with the cycles if possible;
• Encouraging industry to be more involved with all of the above.
We hope you enjoy Fred’s Views and the seven comments. If these, or the general summary questions above inspire you to
write something, please don’t hold back. We look forward to hearing from you.
John Thompson, Jeffrey Hedenquist
Editors of Views

Views columns are the opinions of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the SEG.

SEG Programs Need More Practical Content

Frederick T. Graybeal (SEG 1974 SF)

weekly, the number of employed indus- employment

*inThis Views column will be printed
two installments. The full version
can now be accessed online:
www.segweb.org/views
INTRODUCTION
The recent employment situation for
exploration and mine geologists is
dismal, and even incremental improve-
ment is unlikely for another few years.
With numerous mergers and major
cost-cutting initiatives being announced
Fred’s career focused on metal exploration
worldwide, largely with ASARCO Incor-
porated, from which he retired as chief
geologist in 2003. He still consults, is a
past vice-president of the SEG, has served
on committees of the National Research
Council and geoscience advisory boards of
several universities and junior exploration
companies, and is a recipient of the SME
Dickerson and the SEG Ralph W. Marsden
awards. He holds degrees from Dartmouth
College (AB, 1960) and the University of
Arizona (MS, 1962 and PhD, 1972).
try geologists and job openings will
continue to decline. This trend means
that many current and near-term grad-
uating students in economic geology
will either end up unemployed or never
enter the mining industry. The myth of
the Super Cycle is being exposed and
I anticipate recurring, unpredictable,
and even more sharply defined cycles
of high and low metal prices in the
future. These metal price cycles will lead
to equally unpredictable employment
cycles for industry geologists that, on
a career time scale, will be multiple in
number and career-ending in nature.
The SEG should take a more direct
role in this issue by (1) redirecting, if
possible, some of its current research
funds and (2) seeking new unrestricted
funding to (3) support practical initia-
tives that would assist graduating SEG
student members looking for a career in
industry. Continuing to fund students’
study and research and then leaving
them to their own devices to find
in an industry
where jobs are
disappearing
rapidly seems Frederick T. Graybeal
misleading for
an organization
that has always
been a leader in economic geology
research and practical applications of
the science to ore deposits.
SOME SPECIFICS
Should the SEG educate and train
geologists for other fields? Multiple
career paths are becoming common, but
schools must be transparent about the
likelihood of near-term employment
in economic geology. Are enough SEG
student members staying in this disci-
pline to justify spending $0.5M/year for
research grants (Black, April 2015, News-
letter no. 101, p. 9)? The January 2016
Newsletter (no. 104, p. 42)
lists 54 grants from the to page 12 . . .
12
. . . from page 11 VIEWS­—SEG Programs Need More Practical Content (continued)
Stu Wallace Fund alone, and there are
seven additional research funds (News-
letter no. 104, p. 44). Also listed are 15
short courses and 13 field trips for 2016
(Newsletter no.104, p. 52-53).
Several remarks in the January 2016
issue of Newsletter require comment:
• “Smaller companies with promising
assets need to find ways to fund
their key assets....” (Kelley, p. 10).
Small companies with no cash flow
(there are hundreds) have limited
survival options, those being to lay
off geologists, shut down the drills,
sell or deal away their key assets to
pay off debt, and abandon their less
well-tested prospects, usually in that
order. Large-company behaviors are
similar.
• “University geology programs
expand during downturns”.... (Kelley,
p. 10). This may be so for short peri-
ods, but data summarized by Murray
Hitzman at the 2010 Keystone meet-
ing (see Career Advice section under
the Students tab on the SEG website;
www.segweb.org) suggests the oppo-
site over longer time intervals.
• Bob Foster, the 2016 SEG president,
writes that “the pathway from
graduation to career development
should be seamless” and he calls
for enhanced communication …
to ensure retention of SEG student
members (Foster, p. 9). He also advo-
cates for new student chapters and
SEG training programs. I worry those
well-meaning suggestions would
simply put more young geologists on
the street, still with no jobs. Career
development is best accomplished
with a career.
The above comments are accom-
panied by remarks from Dick Sillitoe
in various publications that criticize
large mining companies for eliminating
exploration programs and disbanding
their elite teams. I understand and
share Dick’s frustration, but that prose
resolves nothing. Although I hope Dick
remains outspoken on this subject,
lecturing mining companies where deci-
sions are driven by the quarterly bottom
line and shareholder demands won’t
help. Action, not more communication,
is the answer and the SEG needs to take
a lead role.
How many student members will
stay in the SEG after graduating? Black
(July 2015, Newsletter no. 102, p. 8)
SEG NEWSLETTER
commented on a notice in major San-
tiago, Chile, newspapers that discour-
aged students from pursuing careers
in geology due, among other things,
to a lack of job opportunities at pres-
ent. Does the SEG consider its research
grants are an efficient use of SEG funds
when job opportunities are increasingly
limited? There are 95 Student Chapters
worldwide as of January 2016, includ-
ing 11 additional chapters approved
during the last year, plus 14 inactive
student chapters (Hoal, Newsletter no.
104, p. 6). Are current students aware
that job openings are at dismal levels
(Robert, Oct. 2015, Newsletter no.103,
p. 6), that worldwide growth of SEG
membership has stalled (Black, April
2015, Newsletter no. 101, p. 9), and that
prospects for improvement in the min-
ing industry for the next several years
are poor? Would the SEG’s reputation
for outstanding science be jeopardized
if it were possible to redirect a modest
percent of its current research funds
or generate new funding for practical
initiatives that might enhance a gradu-
ating student’s background for a career
in industry?
A “How to Map a Mine” short course
does teach mapping, but it may not
address daily issues such as slope stabil-
ity, dilution and ore loss (grade control),
continuity, quality assurance and con-
trol of sampling, and whether reality in
the mine matches pre-mine forecasts—
practices learned over time that develop
skills needed to become an effective
explorationist. Core logging is a specific
form of mapping. A “How to Explore”
course does not teach exploration.
Exploration, to be successful, frequently
requires non-linear thinking, the sort of
learning that comes by doing, like learn-
ing to ride a bicycle. Few if any short
courses teach the intangibles common
to both exploration and mine geology,
several of which were summarized by
Moira Smith and John Thompson in
their 2010 presentations at Keystone
(see Career Advice section under the
Students tab on SEG website).
Can the SEG in good conscience
continue its current emphasis on meet-
ings, research grants and student field
trips, all high quality initiatives, when
the future for employment is at best
uncertain? The dilemma, of course, is
that if there are no new geologists, who
will be the future ore finders, grade-con-
trol experts, and resource modelers?
No 106 • JULY 2016
Graduating students seem caught in the
middle of this dilemma, not that this
situation is any better for mid-career
geologists with families.
There are those who fault Society
members for encouraging students to
choose careers in economic geology
when there are no jobs. They also
say cycles are good because the weak
companies should fail (no guarantees
in a free enterprise system) and the
well-prepared geologist will be recog-
nized and will survive. Times change
and despite industry-related SEG
programs such as mapping and core
logging, additional preparation for an
industry position is required as discov-
ery rates decline and junior companies,
that do not have the time, funds, or
staff for in-house training programs,
begin to dominate the exploration
and mining landscapes. There is no
question that a firm background in
ore deposit science is necessary for
an industry career, but it is not suffi-
cient. Have SEG programs that prepare
students for careers in industry lagged
behind programs preparing students
for careers in research? If so, should
this situation be rebalanced?
I was informed by the SEG that a
direct grant to a graduating student for
a defined term of work at an operating
mine is seen as a service to a for-profit
company and non-profit 501(c)3 groups
like the SEG may not use tax-exempt
donations to benefit a for-profit entity.
The difference between SEG funding
geologic work at a mine and a mineral
zoning study at the same mine (the
company benefits either way) seems
vague at best and ore deposit research
would not suffer if a small amount of
SEG research funds were redirected to
more practical aspects of economic
geology. I was also advised that most
SEG student support funds are subject
to donor-intent legal conditions that
limit their use. Finally, income from
field trips and short courses support the
Littleton office. SEG’s options are clearly
limited regarding the use of existing
research-directed funds for industry-re-
lated programs.
THREE PROPOSALS
First, I propose that the SEG reexamine
all existing research funds to determine
the possibility that some might be redi-
rected to more practical programs.
No 106 • JULY 2016 SEG NEWSLETTER 13

Second, I propose that the SEG
establish a new fund for a student–
industry internship program. This
idea was mentioned by John Black
(p. 8, July 2015, Newsletter no. 102),
who suggested that opportunities be
identified to support internships for
graduating students to gain experi-
ence in their chosen career path. Large
companies do fund internships from
cash flow (personal communication
from David Kelley, 2016), but the
numerous smaller companies generally
cannot. An internship would provide
practical work experience and extend
the student’s network. That’s how you
start a career—the first indication to
future employers of a commitment to
the exploration and mining business.
To preserve the SEG’s non-profit status
perhaps the cost of an internship could
be shared 50-50 with the SEG and the
company in an amount that would
cover local market costs for room,
board, and a modest salary.
Third, I propose development of a
two-week program covering the busi-
ness and technical aspects of resource
estimates, mine design, metallurgy,
development, and production, includ-
ing the preparation and understanding
of disclosure, compliance, and informa-
tion documents (43-101 reports, news
releases, website summaries, preliminary
economic assessments, pre-feasibility
studies, etc.) for the interval between
discovery and production. The course
would focus on what an entry-level
investment analyst should know during
a due diligence review of an explora-
tion or development project and would
emphasize junior companies that have
made a large share of recent discoveries.
Some investment houses provide the
reverse—an ore deposits short course for
their analysts.
The short course would not pro-
vide in-mine experience, but it would
expose students to a career path using
their knowledge of ore deposits. It
would also be relevant to work in the
junior company sector where in-house
training and mentoring capabilities are
generally limited, but where a broad
understanding of the mining business
is important and where the majority of
future exploration and mining geology
jobs may be.
FINAL REMARKS
These three proposals, for SEG to assist
young professionals in the transition
from being students into employment,
reflect my personal view that explora-
tion is a business, not a science, and
I include near-mine exploration and
mine geology in that view. To express
this more broadly, exploration and
mine geology are business strategies for
a natural resource company. Exploration
and mining geology are nevertheless
critically reliant on the geological sci-
ences. In the junior-company universe
the geologist must be prepared to func-
tion on many different fronts in addi-
tion to the science; in many respects
that person is more of a generalist in a
staff of one compared to a large com-
pany where specialists and mentors
are common. It is this view that drives
my advocacy for additional practical
training for future industry geologists.
Having these proposals funded and
run by the SEG also reflects my view
that, whatever proposals might evolve,
the product will be high in quality, as
expected of the Society.
The proposals are not intended to
transform the Society in any way. I sup-
port research funded and published by
the SEG and recognize the importance
to individual SEG students’ careers.
However, it is both future discoveries
from exploration programs as well as
new exposures in operating mines that
provide the raw material for advances
in ore deposit research. The proposals
outlined above would be initial steps to
that end, by preparing and helping keep
industry-focused SEG students—the
future ore finders—in the business.
A scientific society that accepts
responsibility for supporting student
training and research programs should,
in my view, accept an implied responsi-
bility for making that training relevant
to future employers and developing
connections between the students and
those jobs. The SEG’s research grants
fulfill that objective for future research-
ers, but what about the current SEG
student members who want careers in
industry? That career path now encom-
passes roughly 58% of the SEG member-
ship. If the SEG is going to encourage
students to study economic geology
and half or more will seek positions in
industry, then SEG programs should
reflect that career path. Better prepara-
tion leads to better chances of surviving
downturns.
It is not the job of the SEG to func-
tion as an employment agency; rather,
service to members has always been a
hallmark of the Society and, as times
change, changes in related programs
need consideration, whether or not
they are within the current scope of
the Society’s activities. I hope that my
views will motivate SEG members to
share their ideas on this issue, followed
by action taken on the most promising
proposals. 1

JOSEPH R. ANZMAN
Exploration Geophysicist
• consulting
• interpretation PAUL W. KUHN
• project management President
• geophysical surveys
• domestic & foreign paulk@avrupaminerals.com
www.avrupaminerals.com
P.O. Box 370526 303-519-0658
Denver, Colorado 80237 geophjoe@gmail.com Direct: +351-253274070 Portugal mobile: +351-925972240
Fax: +351-253615041 U.S. mobile: +1-509-990-6786

PAID ADVERTISEMENT PAID ADVERTISEMENT

14 SEG NEWSLETTER No 106 • JULY 2016

Compilation 10

Mineral
NEVADA Deposits Mineral Deposits of Nevada: A Compilation
of Nevada 1906–2014
0
50
7,
53
4,

Papers from SEG publications, including Economic Geology,

A Compilation

|
1906–2014
Reviews, Special Publications, Guidebooks, Newsletters, and
|

ISBN 978-1-629491-
52-3 papers from Conferences, focus on exploration undertaken in
Nevada, with more than 100 years of studies included on this
0

s
00

ISSN 1939-1438 G Co mp ilat ion

SE
Volume 10 CD-ROM. Edited by Tommy Thompson, this new, searchable disc
▲

brings together 251 articles under 13 headings: porphyry, Carlin-

G and
Selections from SE cations type, epithermal, skarn, geothermal, placer, and VMS deposits;
Pu bli
Economic Geology
Tho mp son industrial minerals, geochemistry, geophysics, mineralogy of deposits,
▲

Edited by Tommy B.

ts
volcanic rocks related to mineral deposits, and regional settings.
© 20 gi s
15 Society of Economic Geolo
If you work in Nevada, you’ll want to add this portable resource to
your field gear!
Price (CD-ROM) • Member: $68 • List: $85 • www.segweb.org/store

th
11 ANNUAL WORKSHOP
ORE DEPOSITS MODELS AND
EXPLORATION
Sponsored by:
SEG; SGA
Bureau of Geology and Exploraon of Hainan, China
Guangzhou Instute of Geosciences, Chinese Academy
of Sciences

November 14-18, 2016 in Haikou, China

Lecture and Laboratory Instructors

David Cooke, CODES, Australia – porphyries, epithermal

Richard Goldfarb, China University of Geosciences, Beijing
Dave Leach, formerly US Geological Survey, Denver, USA – MVT, SEDEX
Chusi Li, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA – magmac Ni, Cr, Pt
Noel White, Consultant, Brisbane, Australia – ore models, VMS
Zhaoshan Chang, James Cook University, Australia – skarns
Huayong Chen, Guangzhou Instute of Geochemistry, CAS, China–IOCG
Kaihui Yang, Consultant, Toronto, Canada – exploraon in China

For further informaon, contact Prof. Huayong Chen <huayongchen@gig.ac.cn >

No 106 • JULY 2016
. . . from page 1 Porphyry Copper Discovery Beneath the Valeriano Lithocap, Chile (continued)
increased amounts of pyrophyllite ± dia-
spore ± topaz at depth as a consequence
of higher fluid temperatures. Pyrite is
ubiquitous and abundant, and enarg-
ite, bornite, chalcocite, and covellite
are the typical copper-bearing species
in any associated high-sulfidation
mineralization.
Lithocap remnants can overlie
porphyry copper deposits and/or occur
alongside them, depending on the
vagaries of postmineral tectonism and
erosion. In most known examples of
porphyry copper deposits associated
with lithocap remnants, the porphyry-
type mineralization has been at least
partially exhumed as a result of either
erosion—as at Red Mountain, Arizona
(Corn, 1975); Yanacocha, Peru (Bell et
al., 2004); El Salvador, Cerro Casale,
and Escondida, Chile (Gustafson and
Hunt, 1975; Vila and Sillitoe, 1991;
Hervé et al., 2012); Batu Hijau, Indone-
sia (Meldrum et al., 1990); Frieda River,
Papua New Guinea (Asami and Brit-
ten, 1980); and Kounrad, Kazakhstan
(Nakovnik, 1964)—or, uncommonly,
structural dismemberment and tilting
(Yerington, Nevada; Lipske and
Dilles, 2000).
In the past decade, deep explo-
ration for porphyry copper deposits
completely concealed beneath
extensive lithocaps has become
increasingly common as near-sur-
face mineralization becomes
scarcer but, with rare exceptions
(e.g., Recsk, Hungary; Baksa et al.,
1980), there have been few suc-
cesses. Therefore, it is considered
worthwhile to present this brief
case history of a deep, geologically
blind porphyry copper discovery at
Valeriano in the Atacama Region
of northern Chile (Fig. 1), where
the sublithocap exploration drilling
was guided by geologic criteria and
concepts.
GEOLOGIC SETTING
The Valeriano lithocap, ~13 km
long and ~4.5 km wide at surface
as defined by the outer limits
of kaolinite development and
limonite after pyrite (Fig. 2),
underlies a prominent glaciated
ridge at ~4,200 m above sea level
in the Frontal Cordillera of the
high Andes. The lithocap lies at
the northern end of the El Indio
SEG NEWSLETTER
metallogenic belt, which is defined by a
series of advanced argillic lithocaps and
contained high-sulfidation epithermal
gold-silver ± copper deposits and pros-
pects (Fig. 1). The Valeriano prospect
is located in the southern part of the
eponymous lithocap whereas the El
Encierro prospect, controlled by Barrick
Gold Corporation, is near its northern
extremity (Fig. 2). Lithocap-hosted,
high-sulfidation gold-silver-copper
mineralization also occurs 9 km farther
south in Argentina at Taguas (Fig. 2), a
Minera Piuquenes property. The giant
Pascua-Lama high-sulfidation gold-sil-
ver-copper deposit (e.g., Chouinard et
al., 2005) is located ~30 km south of
Valeriano (Figs. 1, 2).
The Valeriano lithocap is confined to
an N-trending, orogen-parallel graben
bounded by high-angle reverse faults
of Miocene age (Nasi et al., 1990; Ortiz
and Merino, 2015; Fig. 2), which are
probably tectonically inverted, ear-
lier Tertiary normal faults (Winocur
et al., 2015). The graben is underlain
mainly by volcanosedimentary rocks
assigned to the Doña Ana Formation of
FIGURE 2. Geologic setting of the Valeriano lithocap and
porphyry copper-gold prospect in a Miocene graben bounded
by reverse faults (blue lines, triangles on upper plates). Simpli-
fied from Ortiz and Merino (2015) and Ragona et al. (1995).
Deposit symbols as in Figure 1. Abbreviations: Mio = Miocene,
Olig = Oligocene, P = Permian, Tr = Triassic.
15
late Oligocene-early Miocene age and
bounded east and west by basement
units: andesitic and dacitic volcanic
and subordinate epiclastic sedimentary
rocks of the Late Permian-Early Trias-
sic strata of Paso Guanaco Sonso and
bimodal basaltic and rhyolitic volcanic
rocks of the Late Triassic Pastos Blancos
Formation (Nasi et al., 1990; Ortiz and
Merino, 2015; Fig. 2). The Paso Guanaco
Sonso unit is intruded by the calc-alka-
line, I-type Chollay granitoid batholith
of Late Triassic age (Hervé et al., 2014;
Fig. 2). Small dioritic intrusions of the
Infiernillo unit (~17–14 Ma; Bissig et al.,
2001) occur locally (Fig. 2).
At depths of >1,000 m, drilling at
Valeriano showed that the Pastos Blancos
volcanic rocks, dominated by rhyolitic
ignimbrites but also including flow-­
foliated lavas, domes, and possibly sills
of similar composition, as well as minor
epiclastic horizons, are intruded by bio-
tite-hornblende granodiorite porphyry.
Early, intermineral, and late-mineral
porphyry phases are recognized and span
porphyry copper formation. Molyb-
denite accompanying the copper miner-
alization was dated by the Re-Os
method at 9.95 ± 0.04 Ma, con-
firming that the porphyry system
is part of the Miocene to early Plio-
cene metallogenic belt of northern
Chile and contiguous Argentina
(Sillitoe and Perelló, 2005) and
intermediate in age between the
Veladero (11.9–10.3 Ma) and Pas-
cua-Lama (9.4–8.1 Ma) high-sulfi-
dation epithermal deposits (Bissig
et al., 2001; Holley et al., 2016;
Figs. 1, 2).
PROSPECT HISTORY
The Valeriano alteration zone
was recognized in 1986 by Jozsef
Ambrus, who appreciated that
exposed silicic ledges (ribs) and
breccias are reminiscent of those
in the high-sulfidation epithermal
deposits farther south in the El
Indio belt, particularly El Indio
and Tambo (e.g., Araneda, 1982;
Fig. 1). The mineral rights over
Valeriano were duly acquired and
have been maintained in good
standing to the present day by
Sociedad Contractual Minera
Valleno.
The property
was optioned from to page 16 . . .
16
. . . from page 15 Porphyry Copper Discovery Beneath the Valeriano Lithocap, Chile (continued)
1988 to 1991 to Rayrock and then
Phelps Dodge, which constructed
a 57-km access road and targeted
the concealed porphyry copper
potential with 2,900 m of core
and 3,500 m of reverse-circulation
(RC) drilling. The deepest hole, to
550 m, ended in advanced argillic
alteration. From 1995 to 1997, Bar-
rick Gold Corporation tested the
high-sulfidation epithermal gold
potential of the lithocap with 20
shallow RC holes, totalling 6,173
m. The best hole, averaging 1.4 g/t
Au over 100 m, cut vuggy residual
quartz and underlying hydrother-
mal breccia containing quartz,
alunite, pyrite, and enargite;
however, the estimated potential of
~0.4 to 0.6 million ounces of gold
was insufficient for Barrick, leading
to termination of its option.
Hochschild Mining, a mid-
tier, London-listed company best
known for its precious metal opera-
tions in Peru, optioned the prop-
erty from 2010 to 2013. The initial
intention was to further test the
epithermal precious metal poten-
tial at Valeriano, bearing in mind
that Hochschild would be satisfied
with a much smaller deposit than
that required by Barrick. However,
as work commenced, the likely
existence of a concealed porphyry
copper deposit was also clearly recog-
nized. This discovery case history is
based on the results of three progres-
sively deeper drilling campaigns, for a
total of 14,270 m in 16 holes (Fig. 3),
conducted by Hochschild Mining.
FIRST DRILLING CAMPAIGN: On approach to the end of hole 6, pale
LITHOCAP TESTING
The first round of drilling, consisting of
eight holes (VAL-1–8; Fig. 3) to depths
of 400 to 800 m and totalling 4,884 m,
was designed to test the high-sulfidation
epithermal gold potential at Valeriano;
they were sited within the confines of
the previously defined high-sulfidation
gold-copper mineralization, which
lies within a prominent geochemical
anomaly defined by arsenic and, to
lesser degrees, gold, copper, molybde-
num (Fig. 3), and antimony. Logging
of the core from these holes provided
the first confirmation of likely por-
phyry copper mineralization at depth.
The holes intersected mainly rhyolitic
SEG NEWSLETTER
FIGURE 3. The Valeriano lithocap, showing surface alteration
types, arsenic, gold, copper, and molybdenum soil geochem-
ical anomalies, and locations of the 16 core holes drilled by
Hochschild Mining from 2010 to 2013. Section line (A-A’) for
Figures 4 to 7 is also shown. The lithocap is clearly defined
by clay and iron oxide signatures on processed multispectral
Landsat-8 imagery.
volcanic rocks that display pervasive
advanced argillic alteration (Fig. 4a).
To depths of ~200 m, the alteration
comprises quartz-alunite in VAL-2 and
6, but predominantly quartz-kaolinite
elsewhere. Both these assemblages are
underlain by a quartz-pyrophyllite–rich
zone from 200 to 400 m thick (Fig. 4a).
green, soapy illite accompanies the
pyrophyllite, and specularite appears
(Fig. 4a, b). The alunite, kaolinite, and
pyrophyllite as well as any specularite
and sulfide minerals replace plagioclase
phenocrysts and pumice clasts, includ-
ing fiamme, whereas the accompanying
fine-grained quartz occurs principally
as a groundmass replacement. Trace
amounts of fine-grained dumortierite,
the borosilicate characteristic of
advanced argillic zones (Sillitoe, 2010),
are also present, particularly in the
quartz-pyrophyllite zone.
Two dikes were cut in a faulted inter-
val near the end of VAL-4: 20 m of gra-
nodiorite porphyry, containing minor
No 106 • JULY 2016
sericite (white mica) as well as
specularite, and 30 m of andesite
porphyry with relict biotite-mag-
netite alteration. The granodiorite
porphyry was suspected to be
part of the late Miocene porphyry
copper event whereas the andesite
porphyry was tentatively consid-
ered as part of the Late Triassic
wall-rock package.
Quartz-bearing veinlets are
absent from the surface at Vale-
riano and first become evident
at or near the top of the pyro-
phyllite zone, at approximately
500-m depth. Most of them are
nondescript quartz-pyrite veinlets
without halos and of uncertain
significance. A few are banded and
weakly auriferous, similar to those
described from porphyry gold
deposits in the Maricunga belt
(Vila and Sillitoe, 1991; Muntean
and Einaudi, 2000; Fig. 1). In
VAL-2, 3, 4, and 6, there are also
a few quartz-molybdenite-­pyrite
veinlets, closely comparable to
B-type veinlets in porphyry copper
deposits (Fig. 5b). Furthermore,
in VAL-4, scarce D-type porphyry
copper veinlets, marked by pyrite
center lines and centimetric
quartz-sericite halos, were also
observed. Although now embed-
ded in advanced argillic alteration,
the B-type veinlets must have formed
in association with potassic alteration,
which was then overprinted by the
D-type veinlets (cf. Gustafson and Hunt,
1975).
In the first-campaign drill holes,
the quartz-alunite and quartz-kaolinite
zones lack appreciable amounts of cop-
per and gold, even where unoxidized
(Fig. 4b), although enargite is observed
locally in scattered alunite veinlets
and, at surface, in several alunite- and
pyrophyllite-bearing, silicic breccias,
ledges, and mantos (Fig. 3). Copper-gold
mineralization, averaging 0.1 to 0.15%
Cu and 0.1 to 0.15 g/t Au, only becomes
widely developed within the underlying
quartz-pyrophyllite zone containing
quartz-bearing veinlets (Fig. 5b). Most of
the copper and gold occur as a high sul-
fidation-state assemblage characterized
by veinlet and disseminated pyrite and
trace chalcopyrite coated by thin black
films of intergrown chalcocite, covellite,
digenite, bornite, enargite, and/or ten-
nantite. Although these copper-bearing
No 106 • JULY 2016
FIGURE 4. North-northwest Valeriano section showing (a)
geology and alteration types, and (b) mineralization features
and copper and gold grades in core from the first drilling cam-
paign. Drill-hole numbers as in Figure 3. Abbreviations: cv =
covellite, en = enargite, py = pyrite.
sulfide coatings are reminiscent of those
resulting from supergene enrichment,
they were considered hypogene because,
unlike the weak chalcocite enrichment
that is also present, they are unrelated
to the base of sulfide oxidation (Fig. 4b)
and become more strongly developed
downward to depths of up to 800 m.
It is clear from the widely observed
intergrowth of the sulfide minerals and
pyrophyllite that the high-sulfidation
mineralizing event and advanced argil-
lic alteration were contemporaneous,
whereas the scarce chalcopyrite and
possibly some of the pyrite were inher-
ited from a former potassic assemblage.
Results of a pole-dipole induced
polarization survey carried out on
behalf of Hochschild Mining revealed
the presence of a prominent charge-
ability feature with its top ranging
from 100 to 400 m beneath the surface.
The anomaly was first considered as
a possible indicator of the position of
concealed porphyry copper-gold min-
eralization. However, as core logging
progressed, it was realized that the top
of the anomaly, defined by a value of
~10 mV/V, approximates the base of
supergene sulfide oxidation (Fig. 4b).
Therefore, the anomaly has no partic-
ular significance other than showing the
SEG NEWSLETTER 17
existence of widespread sul- The main lithology intersected to a
fide minerals, chiefly pyrite, depth of ~1,200 m remained rhyolitic
as would be expected in a ignimbrite, which in VAL-11, 12, and 13
lithocap. has been converted to a vertically exten-
Several lines of evidence, sive, magmatic-hydrothermal breccia
summarized above, were (Fig. 5a) not fully appreciated previously.
taken to confirm that a por- The tightly packed, centimeter-sized,
phyry copper center likely ignimbrite clasts contain truncated A-
underlies the lithocap. and B-type quartz veinlets, but similar
The most direct evidence veinlets also crosscut the breccia, thereby
was provided by the scarce confirming its intermineral timing. None
B- and D-type veinlets at of the holes intersected appreciable
depth in the holes and the volumes of porphyry, although several
sericite-altered granodiorite biotite-hornblende granodiorite por-
porphyry dike cut at the phyry dikes were cut at depths of >800
bottom of VAL-4, which m. One of the dikes, in VAL-9, contains
could be an offshoot from quartz veinlets and is early, whereas the
a larger intrusive body at others cut quartz veinlets and are clearly
depth. Furthermore, the of late-mineral timing. The breccia from
presence of specularite in 850 to 890 m in VAL-12 was observed
two widely separated holes to contain isolated clasts of this early
(VAL-4 and 6) was taken quartz-veined porphyry.
as a possible vector to the Holes VAL-9, 11, and 12 were drilled
underlying porphyry cop- from quartz-pyrophyllite alteration
per center. into a well-defined quartz-illite zone,
Consequently, it was which transitions downward to sericitic
suggested that the por- (quartz-sericite) alter-
to page 18 . . .
phyry copper mineraliza- ation, thereby confirming
tion underlies
the central and
southern parts of
the surface alunite-rich zone,
in the general vicinity of
VAL-2, 4, and 6 (Fig. 3). It was
clear that the top of the main
porphyry intrusion must lie
deeper than 800 m, below
the maximum tested by drill-
ing at that time, and could
easily be as deep as 1,200 m.
Although it was accepted that
the chance of the porphyry
copper mineralization being
sufficiently high grade to be
an underground bulk-min-
ing proposition was low, it
was concluded that two drill
holes to a depth of at least
1,200 m in the general area
of VAL-4 and 6 could test the
potential.
SECOND DRILLING
CAMPAIGN: SUB-
LITHOCAP TESTING
Management took the deci-
sion to probe the Valeriano
prospect to greater depths FIGURE 5. North-northwest Valeriano section with addition of
and five holes (VAL-9–13; Fig. (a) geology and alteration types, and (b) mineralization fea-
tures and copper and gold grades in core from the second drill-
3), totaling 5,920 m, were ing campaign. Drill-hole numbers as in Figure 3. Abbreviations:
drilled in 2012 to depths cpy = chalcopyrite, HS = high sulfidation. See Figure 4 for rest
ranging from 800 to 1,200 m. of legend and abbreviations.
18
. . . from page 17 Porphyry Copper Discovery Beneath the Valeriano Lithocap, Chile (continued)
the first indications of these hydrolytic
alteration assemblages previously seen
deep in VAL-4 and 6 (Figs. 4a, 5a). At
these greater depths, even the non-
brecciated ignimbrite is intensely and
pervasively altered and cut by plentiful
multidirectional A- and B-type quartz
veinlets inherited from a former potassic
zone. Sizable remnants of this potassic
alteration, defined by K-feldspar, biotite,
and magnetite, were first recognized near
the bottom of VAL-11, at a vertical depth
of ~1,100 m (Fig. 5a).
The high sulfidation-state mineral-
ization that accompanies the quartz-­
pyrophyllite alteration at the base of the
lithocap changes to pyrite and chalco-
pyrite within the quartz-illite zone. This
alteration boundary is marked by
the appearance of several volume
% of specularite (Fig. 5b), derived
from magnetite in the former
potassic assemblage. The pyrite/
chalcopyrite ratio decreases progres-
sively downward and at ~1,200 m
approximates 5:1. Underlying the
quartz-illite zone, the deeper parts
of the sericitic zone average ~0.4%
Cu and ~0.15 g/t Au, with individ-
ual 2-m samples attaining 0.8%
Cu and 0.6 g/t Au (Fig. 5b)—values
that were considered particularly
high for felsic volcanic rocks distal
to a porphyry copper center. The
base of the high sulfidation-state
mineralization coincides with an
appreciable and consistent decrease
in Au/Cu ratios (see below).
On completion of the second
drilling campaign, it was con-
cluded that the prognosis remained
good, with an excellent chance of
encountering potassic alteration
and higher-grade copper-gold
mineralization within the next 500
or so vertical meters. This implied
drilling to a minimum depth of
1,500 m, but it was again cau-
tioned that ore-grade copper-gold
mineralization would be unlikely
given the extreme depths involved.
THIRD DRILLING
CAMPAIGN: PORPHYRY
COPPER DISCOVERY
Management decided that the
results of the second drilling
campaign were sufficiently encour-
aging to justify deeper testing of
the Valeriano prospect. During the
SEG NEWSLETTER
2013 season, two deeper holes, VAL-14
to 1,845 m and VAL-16 to 1,620 m, were
drilled and VAL-9, collared in 2012,
was reentered and deepened to 1,878 m
(Figs. 3, 6).
The most striking finding of the
deeper drilling was the greater abun-
dance of granodiorite porphyry, either
in the form of a stock, as depicted in Fig-
ure 6a, or closely spaced dikes. VAL-14
cuts an early, crowded phase, containing
abundant A-type quartz veinlets, and
VAL-14 and 16 have two texturally dif-
ferent, intermineral phases. The drilling
also showed that at least three relatively
mafic rich, intermineral porphyry dikes
attain much shallower levels in the sys-
tem, two of them subcropping (Fig. 6a).
FIGURE 6. North-northwest Valeriano section with addition of
(a) geology and alteration types, and (b) mineralization fea-
tures and copper and gold grades in core from the third drilling
campaign. Drill-hole numbers as in Figure 3. Abbreviations: bn
= bornite, cc = chalcocite, dg = digenite. See Figures 4 and 5
for rest of legend and abbreviations.
No 106 • JULY 2016
The three deep holes passed through
the now well-defined advanced argillic
and quartz-sericite zones before pen-
etrating intense potassic alteration,
defined by K-feldspar, biotite, magne-
tite, and anhydrite, over the final
600 m or so (Fig. 6a). The anhydrite
had been leached out by cool ground
water at shallower levels (Fig. 6b). The
quartz-illite zone is poorly represented
(Fig. 6a). The high-sulfidation cop-
per-gold mineralization is more strongly
developed in the sericitic zone cut by
VAL-14 and 16 than in previous holes, is
higher in grade (0.3–0.35% Cu, ~0.2 g/t
Au), and extends over a greater vertical
interval of ~600 m (Fig. 6b). Beneath
the high-sulfidation zone, pyrite/chalco-
pyrite ratios decrease progressively
downward until chalcopyrite is
the only sulfide species present
and, at depths of 1,500 to 1,600
m, trace amounts of bornite
appear (Fig. 6b). The highest ten-
ors, attaining 0.92% Cu and 0.42
g/t Au from 1,596 to 1,644 m in
VAL-14 (Fig. 6b), are hosted by the
early porphyry, with lower grades
reported from the intermineral
phases.
The third drilling campaign
proved conclusively that a
well-developed potassic alteration
zone exists in association with a
mineralized, multiphase por-
phyry intrusion at depth below
the Valeriano lithocap. Although
long mineralized intercepts and
local high grades are present,
including 724 m at 0.60% Cu
and 0.27 g/t Au from 1,030 to
1,754 m in VAL-14 (Fig. 6b), the
limited drilling failed to intersect
the ­copper-equivalent grades
considered necessary for bulk
underground mining. Hence,
Hochschild Mining declined to
conduct further exploration and
withdrew with a retained 10%
interest. Nevertheless, it remains
distinctly possible that copper
tenors could increase still further
at greater depths in concert with
any additional increase of bor-
nite/chalcopyrite ratio, a situation
that could also result in higher
gold values (cf. Kesler et al., 2002).
Indeed, increased Au/Cu ratios
do accompany the appearance
of bornite (Fig. 7). Drilling to a
depth of at least 2,200 m would
No 106 • JULY 2016 SEG NEWSLETTER
higher-temperature root
zone of a formerly much
thicker lithocap is probably
now exposed (cf. Sillitoe,
1995, 2010). Hence, the
best high-sulfidation gold
mineralization, in either
vuggy residual quartz ledges
or silicic hydrothermal
breccias, may have been
eroded. Chlorite-sericite
alteration, which com-
monly intervenes between
sericitic and potassic zones
(Sillitoe, 2000, 2010), is
suppressed at Valeriano by
the mafic-poor nature of
the rhyolitic wall rocks.
In common with
the alteration, the shal-
FIGURE 7. North-northwest Valeriano section showing selected low-level, vertical sulfide
mineralization boundaries (from Fig. 6b) and down-hole Au zoning at Valeriano also
(g/t)/Cu (%) ratios. Note the pronounced decrease in Au/Cu
values at the base of the high-sulfidation (HS) overprint and
follows a classic sequence
the more subdued increase on entering the deep chalcopyrite-­ from pyrite-enargite at and
bornite zone. near the present surface
through pyrite-enarg-
ite-chalcocite-covellite
be required to test the possibility of to pyrite-digenite-bornite (Fig. 6b).
further downward increases in copper This high sulfidation-state mineraliza-
and gold values. Furthermore, well-min- tion changes abruptly downward to a
eralized magmatic-hydrothermal breccia pyrite-chalcopyrite assemblage, which
or mafic host rocks at depth (e.g., basalt transitions at greater depth to chal-
in the lower part of the Pastos Blancos copyrite only and, eventually, in the
Formation; Ortiz and Merino, 2015) presently tested core of the system, to
could localize even higher chalcopyrite-bornite representative of
metal values as they do, for example, low sulfidation-state conditions (Fig.
at Resolution, Arizona (Hehnke et al., 6b). The deeper parts of the high-sul-
2012). fidation mineralization overprinted
the pyrite and chalcopyrite and clearly
removed some of the latter mineral as
GEOLOGIC MODEL well as adding gold. As a consequence,
The Valeriano porphyry copper-gold Au/Cu (and Ag/Au) ratios increased
prospect, as currently defined, dis- (Fig. 7). Specularite accompanies pyrite
plays a classic vertical zoning pattern and subordinate chalcopyrite in the
from quartz-alunite/kaolinite through quartz-illite and quartz-sericite zones,
quartz-pyrophyllite, quartz-illite, and but magnetite becomes the dominant
quartz-sericite in the volcanic wall rocks iron-bearing species in the underlying
to potassic where porphyry intrusions potassic zone. Molybdenite constitutes
become volumetrically important (Fig. a well-defined shell coincident with
6a). The quartz-illite zone is incipient the partly sericitized top of the potas-
centrally and, hence, appears to char- sic zone (Fig. 6b), in keeping with its
acterize the lower-temperature fringe of marginal position in most porphyry
the system. Shallower alteration zones copper-gold deposits (Sillitoe, 2000).
are variably telescoped over deeper Laterally, at least in the lithocap, pyrite
ones, as most clearly evidenced by is the only abundant sulfide, although
the presence of A- and B-type quartz sphalerite and galena are also present
veinlets, generated during potassic locally. Based on the drilling to date,
alteration, in the lower parts of the there is no suggestion of a low-grade
advanced argillic lithocap. The relative core resulting from either sulfide nonde-
proximity of the quartz-pyrophyllite position or emplacement of a late-min-
zone to the present surface, where pyro- eral intrusion. Indeed, volumetrically
phyllite commonly occurs with alunite significant late-mineral porphyry and
(Figs. 3, 4a), implies that the deeper, hydrothermal breccia are present only
19
on the southern edge of the system
(Figs. 4–6).
CONCLUSIONS
Porphyry copper discovery at Valeriano
resulted from a pragmatic observational
approach based on systematic use of
the hand lens, geologic reasoning, and
familiarity with the porphyry copper
model and its constituent mineral
assemblages. Conventional micros-
copy and short-wave infrared (SWIR)
spectroscopy were also utilized during
the third drilling campaign to con-
firm and refine the previously defined
mineralogic zoning. In particular, the
downward increase in the 2,200-nm
sericite absorption feature provides a
valid vector to the core of the system
(cf. Thompson et al., 1999; Halley et al.,
2015). No geophysical method assisted
the discovery.
In retrospect, the most instruc-
tive shallow-level geologic features
indicative of the concealed porphyry
copper mineralization at Valeriano
are well-developed, copper sulfide- (as
well as enargite-) bearing, high-sulfi-
dation mineralization; sparse banded
veinlets at shallow levels; sparse B-type
quartz-molybdenite veinlets overprinted
by the quartz-pyrophyllite alteration;
the shallow remnant of weak potas-
sic alteration in more mafic rock (the
andesite porphyry dike of inferred Late
Triassic age) cut by VAL-04; and minor
intermineral porphyry dikes >1,000 m
above the main porphyry intrusions.
The enargite- and gold-bearing silicic
manto, highest-grade high sulfida-
tion-state mineralization, and highest
molybdenum values all appear to be
centered above the apex of the currently
defined copper-gold core.
The key downward alteration and
mineralization changes that main-
tained exploration momentum and
underpinned the recommendations
to drill deeper are the visually obvious
pyrophyllite to illite and illite to sericite
transitions; the abrupt transition from a
high sulfidation-state sulfide assemblage
to pyrite plus chalcopyrite; the gradual
downward increase in quartz veinlet
intensity and decrease in pyrite/chalco-
pyrite ratios; and the consistent down-
ward increase of copper and gold grades
(Figs. 4–6). The appearance of bornite
near the ends of the deepest holes sup-
ports the notion of even higher copper
and gold tenors at still
greater depths. to page 20 . . .
20
. . . from page 19 Porphyry Copper Discovery Beneath the Valeriano Lithocap, Chile (continued)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thanks are due to former Hochschild
Mining colleagues for their partici-
pation in the Valeriano exploration
program, including George Schroer,
Isac Burstein, and César Aguirre for
management support and Luciano
Bocanegra, Juan Burlando, Horacio
Gasquéz, Carlos Gordo, Juan Molina,
Alvaro Muñoz, Jhonny Peñaranda, and
María Eugenia Rodríguez for contri-
butions to geologic mapping and core
logging. Carmen Holmgren carried out
the mineralogic studies, Paola Gress
and Diego Ducart did the SWIR analysis
and interpretation, and Robert Creaser
provided the Re-Os age determination.
The unwavering support of Hochschild
Mining senior management, particu-
larly Eduardo Hochschild and Ignacio
Bustamante, even when the great depth
of the porphyry copper mineralization
became evident and budgets were under
threat, was critical to the discovery.
Isac Burstein on behalf of Hochschild
Mining and Jozsef Ambrus and Ramón
Araneda on behalf of Sociedad Contrac-
tual Minera Valleno gave permission to
publish. Mac Canby provided a helpful
manuscript review.
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Donald J. Birak – Geologist
Fellow - SEG
Registered Member – SME
Fellow – AusIMM
Consulting to the Minerals Exploration and Mining Industry
Experience Integrity Reliability
PAID ADVERTISEMENT
SEG NEWSLETTER
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No 106 • JULY 2016 SEG NEWSLETTER 21

CANDIDATES FOR SEG OFFICERS

Profiles and Vision Statements
Candidate for President-Elect (2017) Anaconda Canada Exploration, looking epithermal deposits, structurally
for volcanic- and sediment-hosted base controlled copper deposits, as well as

J. BRUCE GEMMELL
(SEG 1987 F)
Bruce was born in
Vancouver, Canada. He
obtained his B.Sc. in
1979 from the Univer-
sity of British Columbia
and M.A. (1982) and
Ph.D. (1987) degrees
from Dartmouth Col-
lege, USA. His master’s research was on
the metallic trace element geochemistry
of volcanic gases from active volcanoes
in Costa Rica and Nicaragua and his
Ph.D. studies focused on the geology
and mineralogy of the Santo Nino inter-
mediate sulfidation epithermal vein in
the Fresnillo district, Mexico. This work
was followed by postdoctoral research
on the Aguilar contact-metamorphosed
SEDEX deposit in Argentina.
From the mid-1970s to the early
1980s, Bruce worked in reconnaissance
(now called greenfields) mineral explo-
ration in the Yukon and British Colum-
bia, for Welcome North Mines and
metal deposits.
In 1988, Bruce left North Amer-
ica and ventured to the University of
Tasmania (UTAS), Australia, to take up
postdoctoral research on the Hellyer
VHMS deposit. At UTAS Ross Large initi-
ated the CODES (Centre of Ore Deposit
and Exploration Studies) research group.
This group, including Bruce since its
inception, obtained a combination of
Australian Research Council, Tasmanian
State government, and industry fund-
ing to create the CODES Key Centre
(1989–1996), Special Research Centre
(1997–2004), and the Centre of Excel-
lence (2005–2013), in collaboration
with the School of Earth Sciences at
UTAS. Bruce was employed as a lecturer
at UTAS in 1990 and served as Head of
School from 2004 to 2012 and Deputy
Director of CODES from 2005 to 2012.
Since 2012 Bruce has been the Director
of CODES.
At CODES, Bruce has conducted
research on a wide range of ore deposit
types, including VHMS deposits,
SEG NEWS
modern sea-floor hydrothermal systems.
More recently he, along with collabora-
tors, has been developing process-based
exploration models focusing on mineral
chemistry zoning in porphyry-epither-
mal deposit environments.
Bruce has supervised over 50 M.Sc.
and Ph.D. students, many of whom
have gone on to senior positions in the
minerals industry. He has published
over 70 refereed papers in international
journals and has won numerous awards
for his teaching and research.
For the Society of Economic Geolo-
gists, Bruce has been a Research Com-
mittee member (1992–1994), Economic
Geology editorial board member (1996–
2000), Admissions Committee member
(2000–2002), Student Affairs Commit-
tee member (2001–2003), Councilor
(2002–2004), Committee on Commit-
tees chairman (2006), Lindgren Award
Committee member (2011–2113),
and Nominating Committee member
(2012). Bruce has also
to page 22 . . .
been a guest co-editor

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must be received by September 1, 2016. If you have not voted online (www.surveymonkey.com/r/ballot-2017-officers)
and prefer to submit your ballot by fax or mail, please copy and return this form to the Society of Economic Geologists.
Fax: +1 (720) 981-7874 / Address: 7811 Shaffer Parkway, Littleton, Colorado 80127-3732, USA.

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(please print)

OFFICIAL BALLOT FOR OFFICERS: FOR AGAINST

President-Elect (2017) — J. Bruce Gemmell M M
Vice President for Student Affairs (2017–2019) — Stephen Piercey M M
Councilors (2017–2019)
Regina Baumgartner M M
Keiko Hattori M M
Anne J.B. Thompson M M
The slate of candidates was prepared in accordance with the relevant sections of the SEG Bylaws
by the 2016 Nominating Committee: François Robert (Past President & Chair, 2016), Regina M. Baumgartner,
M. Stephen Enders, Judith A. Kinnaird, A. James Macdonald, Brian G. Rusk, Jamie Wilkinson.
 22
. . . from page 21 Candidates for SEG Officers (continued)
for two special issues of Economic Geol-
ogy, in 2001 and 2007. Most recently
Bruce was the Chair of the Organizing
Committee for the 2015 SEG meeting in
Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
SEG NEWS
Vision Statement
The minerals industry is a vital source of
economic activity and jobs, and a major
contributor to income and wealth cre-
ation. Technical and scientific innova-
tion is continually needed to maintain
the industry’s international competi-
tiveness and to ensure that exploration
and mining are conducted in an envi-
ronmentally sustainable manner that is
aligned with society’s expectations.
As underdeveloped nations strive
to become developed nations, and the
world’s population grows at a steady
rate, mineral resource supplies have
become a global issue. For most of
human history, developed countries
have consumed far more than their per
capita share of world mineral produc-
tion. Hence, there is the possibility that
we will run out of the minerals soon as
demand far exceeds supply.
Therefore, as we need more and more
mineral resources and no viable sub-
stitutes are identified, how do we find
and extract more? Minerals geoscience,
encompassing geology, geochemistry,
geophysics, geometallurgy, and geo-
environnmental concerns, can aid in
this undertaking and help find and
exploit mineral resources in an environ-
mentally sustainable manner. Miner-
als geoscientists will play a vital role
throughout the Mining Value Chain as
they are needed to enhance ore deposit
discovery, mineral processing, and
environmental management of waste
materials.
Therefore, how does the Society of
Economic Geologists position itself for
the future?
Since its establishment in 1920, the
Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)
has been an international organization
of members from industry, academia,
and government institutions. In an
ever-changing world, it is important to
remember the objectives of the Society:
1. To advance the science of geology
through the scientific investigation
of mineral deposits and mineral
resources and the application thereof
to exploration, mineral resource
appraisal, mining, and mineral
extraction.
SEG NEWSLETTER
2. To disseminate basic and applied
scientific information arising from
investigations of mineral deposits
and mineral resources through SEG
publications, meetings, symposia,
conferences, field trips, short courses,
workshops, and lecture series.
3. To advance the status of the profes-
sion of economic geology, and to
maintain a high professional and
ethical standard among its members.
While the current SEG is well positioned
to meet these objectives with its slate of
activities and publications, I propose a
number of activities that will enhance
these objectives in a changing world.
• Foster a new wave of professionals
who are well trained in mineral
geoscience (both fundamental and
applied aspects), who will be the
future leaders, not only in explora-
tion and discovery of ore deposits,
but also in their efficient extraction
while doing so in an environmen-
tally sustainable manner. These
professionals also need to be well
trained and versed in community,
cultural, and societal issues.
• Support universities and colleges
to maintain strong earth science/
geology programs that train min-
eral geoscientists for research and
employment. It is important that
we train the next wave of out-
standing geoscientists to continue
leading-edge research.
• Increase the number of SEG
Student Chapters, especially in
developing nations, and enhance
industry participation in the Stu-
dent Chapters.
• Enhance industry authorship in
SEG publications.
In conclusion, I look forward to serving
as SEG President and working with the
SEG Executive Committee, Council,
various committees, headquarters staff
and, most importantly, the members, in
positioning the society for the future.
No 106 • JULY 2016
Candidate for Vice President for Stu-
dent Affairs (2017–2019)
STEPHEN PIERCEY (SEG 2004 F)
Stephen Piercey has
B.Sc.(Hons) and M.Sc.
degrees from Memo-
rial University of
Newfoundland and a
Ph.D. degree from the
University of British
Columbia. He was pre-
viously assistant and associate professor
at Laurentian University (2001–2008),
Principal of SJPGeoConsulting from
2008 to 2009, and has been a Professor
of Economic Geology at Memorial Uni-
versity since 2009. His research interests
are in integrated research on mineral
deposits utilizing field methods, min-
eralogy, geochemistry, and isotopes to
understand ore-forming processes from
the nano- to craton scale, particularly
on volcanogenic massive sulfides, as
well as orogenic gold, uranium, and sed-
iment-hosted mineral deposits (e.g., Fe,
Zn-Pb). He is also interested in applied
mineralogy, exploration lithogeochem-
istry, applications of portable geochem-
ical and mineralogical instrumentation
in geoscience research, and the evolu-
tion of mountain belts. He also has a
special interest in student mentorship
and training of geoscientists. He has
previously served SEG on the Fellowship
Admissions Committee (2005–2007,
2010), Graduate Student Fellowship
Committee (2007–2014; Chair, 2011–
2014), and as Councilor (2009–2011,
2014). He is also on the editorial board
of Economic Geology (2008–present).
Vision Statement
As a student and a young professional
I was supported greatly by the Society
of Economic Geologists (SEG) and this
has led to a lifelong connection and
commitment to SEG. It is our obliga-
tion (and in our own best interests)
as a Society to ensure that students
are active participants in SEG and are
being mentored by the Society and its
membership. Student involvement and
mentorship will ensure that students are
better prepared for their post-academic
careers and ready to become the next
generation of professionals and SEG
members. My goal is to ensure student
members have a similar experience
to what I had through the ongoing
support of student initiatives, including
No 106 • JULY 2016
SEG Student Chapters, Student Research
Grants, field trips, and the Graduate
Student Fellowship Program. Moreover,
I would like to see increased input from
students through the Student’s Com-
mittee and my attendance at Council
meetings will ensure that this input
is communicated to SEG Council and
ensure that students’ voices are heard.
I appreciate and encourage any students
and professionals who have insight,
ideas, and suggestions as to how we can
increase student involvement, and how
to improve the student experience in
SEG, to contact me.
Candidate for Councilor (2017–2019)
REGINA BAUMGARTNER
(SEG 2008 F)
Regina was born in
Switzerland and com-
pleted all her schooling
there. Before starting
university, she liked
the outdoors and being
close to nature. The
only obvious career
to fulfil this love for nature (as well as
travel) was geology. She enrolled in
her geology studies and obtained M.Sc.
and Ph.D. degrees from the University
of Geneva, Switzerland. Once finished,
she moved to Peru to work during two
years with Teck as a project geologist
in Lima and remote parts of Peru. For
more than seven years, she has worked
for Gold Fields, enjoying greenfields
exploration and advanced stage explora-
tion projects, and she is now overseeing
geometallurgy in advanced projects and
operations. This has permitted her to
travel extensively worldwide and enjoy
new cultures and amazing geology.
Regina is still connected to academia,
now as a part-time professor at the
Catholic University in Peru, where she
oversees undergraduates and graduate
students in the areas of mineralogy and
geometallurgy.
Regina is currently serving as Vice
President for Student Affairs (2014–
2016). She also has served as a local
correspondent for SEG Exploration
News in the Newsletter (2007–2010) and
is chair of the Student Affairs committee
(2014–2016). Regina is also an AusIMM
member and a chartered geologist.
Vision Statement
The SEG plays an important role for
economic geology students in bridging
the gap from studies to professional life,
SEG NEWSLETTER
whether it be in academia, government,
or industry. The SEG has a lot to offer
to those students and even more during
the current market downturn, which
has lasted for several years. As a Vice
President for Student Affairs, I have had
the opportunity to see the motivation
and willingness of the students, through
the SEG Student Chapters worldwide, to
learn and prepare for the future. These
chapters are highly active and, in most
cases, they take full advantage of what
SEG can offer. Once these students
graduate (as M.Sc. or Ph.D. students),
choosing a career becomes challenging.
This is where the SEG can help prepare
students to find their paths by partici-
pation, during and shortly after grad-
uation, in conferences, field trips, and
courses that SEG organizes. This support
is currently also given through the
mentoring available on the SEG website
and by involving young professionals
in different committees (such as the ad
hoc Young Professionals' Committee).
The SEG needs to ensure in the future
that the Society participates even more
in order to understand the needs of
these young professionals and the chal-
lenges that they are facing. The SEG is a
resource for those recent graduates and
must see to it that this member group is
not lost in transition in the current mar-
ket. This will support the wealth and
strength of future exploration, research,
and government. Indeed, if young pro-
fessionals are not well prepared, then
it will be even harder for the economic
geology community to explore, develop,
and operate in a number of regions.
Candidate for Councilor (2017–2019)
KEIKO HATTORI (SEG 1995 F)
Keiko Hattori, Fellow
of the Royal Society of
Canada, is Professor
in the Department
of Earth and Envi-
ronmental Sciences
at the University of
Ottawa, where she has
taught mineral depos-
its, ore microscopy, and geochemistry
courses since 1983. She obtained her
B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from
the University of Tokyo, followed by
postdoctoral research on Icelandic vol-
canoes and hydrothermal systems at the
University of Alberta. Her research has
included studies of epithermal, Kuroko,
and porphyry deposits, with work on
mineralized terranes in many countries,
23
including the Philippines, Kazakhstan,
China, the Dominican Republic, and
Peru; her students have conducted
research on deposits of numerous styles,
and their work has included geochem-
ical exploration for PGEs, uranium,
and kimberlites in Canada. She and
her students have disseminated their
SEG NEWS
findings as refereed publications (>130)
and conference presentations (~250).
After completion, a majority of her stu-
dents (5 post-docs, 12 Ph.D., 25 M.Sc.,
numerous B.Sc. degrees) have joined the
mining industry and government insti-
tutions. She is presently on the editorial
board of Scientific Reports from Nature
Publishing and the Journal of Asian Earth
Sciences, and has been guest editor of
several special issues.
Vision Statement
I share the core mission of the SEG, to
promote the science and discovery of
mineral resources. My vision for the
SEG is to continue to support learning
and development opportunities for
students and professionals. Although
I focus on geochemistry, I believe that
the traditional fields of geology are
the foundations for any specialization.
Apart from its conventional roles, SEG
can also help promote to the public
the importance of mineral resources
for daily life in a high-tech society. In
Ontario, we have successfully encour-
aged knowledge about mineral deposits
to be included with compulsory courses
in earth sciences at many universities.
We must also effectively communicate
to geoscientists in other disciplines that
ore deposits are integral components of
the Earth and reflect Earth processes and
evolution. SEG can help improve this
communication by contributing min-
eral resource sessions to general earth
science conferences. I co-organized the
first Mineral Resources theme for the
Goldschmidt conference, the premier
annual geochemical meeting, in Prague
in 2011. Since then, this has been a
regular theme at conferences, including
this year’s Goldschmidt conference in
Yokohama, where the Mineral Resources
theme that I co-organized is part of 17
themes, and includes seven topical ses-
sions. The hydrothermal system session
has attracted 94 abstracts, the largest
session of the conference. SEG can con-
tinue to play a role on this front, seek-
ing opportunities to broaden mineral
resources sessions and keynote speakers
at conferences. Further
activities could include to page 24 . . .
 24 SEG NEWSLETTER No 106 • JULY 2016

. . . from page 23 Candidates for SEG Officers (continued)

inviting high school science teachers
to poster sessions at SEG meetings, as
well as recognizing journalists who
report on mineral resources and mining
topics. We need to expand our mind-
SEG NEWS
working with Erich Petersen. This study
provided a spring board for me into
the early days of short-wave spectral
analysis in the field using PIMA and a
collaboration with Phoebe Hauff.
Over 25 years in the SEG, I have
experienced all aspects of the Soci-
ety—serving on several committees,
attending conferences (and awards
dinners!), and contributing to technical

set, to extend beyond SEG circles and
interact with other geologists, scientists,
and society at large. At the same time,
Councilors must represent membership
as broadly as possible, as the SEG has
evolved to become a global society, with
members on every continent.
Candidate for Councilor (2017–2019)
ANNE J.B. THOMPSON
(SEG 1990 F)
My earliest earth
experiences were on
the beaches of Flor-
ida, a long way from
hard rocks—but I was
lucky to have a fam-
ily that wandered all
over North America,
spending our summers exploring and
camping. A geologic hammer was stored
under the driver’s seat. Still, I had no
idea what part geology might play later.
My first elective at Harvard was
Heinrich Holland’s geochemical cycles
course—nothing like jumping in at the
deep end. Holland, however, took us
on a field trip and the deal was sealed.
As an undergraduate, I worked on the
first samples recovered from the East
Pacific Rise (21°N) black smokers. After
graduation in 1980 and a brief interlude
researching radioactive waste disposal,
the lure of sulfides was too strong. By
chance over a beer, I got a shot at a
glorious summer of field exploration in
SW Colorado. Now committed to eco-
nomic geology, I was again lucky to sign
on with Steve Scott at the University
of Toronto for my master’s degree. The
thesis writing was famously finished on
an electric typewriter in the Teutonic
Bore camp (Western Australia) which is
where I landed with my data package,
notes, and new life field partner, John
Thompson.
With degree in hand, I then went
on to work as a mineral exploration
geologist for 5 years in Australia and the
S.W. Pacific. When we made the move
to Utah in the late 1980s—and a family
was imminent—I embarked on an inde-
pendent research contract for the Utah
Geological Survey, mapping alunite and
Moving again, this time to Vancou- publications. I have been mentored by
ver, I started an applied mineralogy con- other SEG members, encouraged and
sulting practice in 1991, which became supported. But my professional life and
PetraScience Consultants Inc. The focus career have not followed a linear path—
of the business was alteration studies this is not unusual in economic geol-
of mineral deposits for application to ogy, but choosing to raise a family and
exploration, mine development, and support a partner added another layer
remediation. on top of industry cycles and academic
The Atlas of Alteration, co-edited with choices. I have advocated for women in
John, was first published in 1996 and science throughout my career and feel
became a geologic best seller. The same that this is a key area where the SEG
year was marked in a different way by a needs to move forward.
crushing experience consulting for Bre- If elected as councilor for the SEG, I
X, including a field visit to the Busang would advocate for:
property in Indonesia. The following
1. An assessment of the barriers fac-
years of PetraScience v. 1.0 were diverse,
ing women for participation in the
with rocks and projects located glob-
SEG. The obstacles exist in every
ally and many challenging problems
area, from attending short courses to
amongst the mundane.
participating in governance. We need
Despite the recent short courses
to pool our collective experience to
on alteration with a team of excellent
create a plan for change with clear
colleagues, I am currently retired from
goals.
geological work. PetraScience v 2.0 is
2. Real engagement of the young pro-
now driven by John’s skills and a shared
fessionals—addressing their concerns
passion to use whatever ability we
and ambitions for our science, our
might have to create new approaches
earth and their own futures—and
and to communicate the importance
most importantly, involving them in
and role of resources in building a better
the running of the Society.
global home for humans.
3. Continued support of the moderniza-
Vision Statement tion of the Society’s communication
style; including making the website
The Society of Economic Geologists is a
mobile-enabled and integrating the
world-class technical organization with
already active social media streams
the ambition of “advancing science and
more effectively. The reasons driv-
discovery” as related to ore deposits and
ing this are usability, community
earth resources. We are an organization
building, member benefit, and public
which has the tools and ability to aid
impact.
society in understanding the distribu-
tion and inherent characteristics of
If we can improve the engagement
resources. Many of us are also commit-
of our members and govern with a
ted to providing the scientific input
diverse group, then we will enhance
needed to support sustainable develop-
both our organization and the profes-
ment of ore deposits in the 21st century,
sional lives of our members. SEG would
for the benefit of a still growing global
then be well placed to continue to
population. SEG is extremely good at
evolve and embrace the next 35 years
supporting high quality technical work,
and beyond. 1
producing excellent publications, and
providing networking and professional
development. At our core, however, we
are a group of people with lives, careers,
ambitions, and ideas. Our Society is
composed of inspirational and dedi-
cated people from all over the world.
They are explorers and adventurers,
innovators and adaptors, determined
researchers and eternal optimists.
No 106 • JULY 2016 SEG NEWSLETTER 25

SEG 2016 SEG 2017 Conference Meeting:

Thayer Lindsley Ore Deposits of Asia: China and Beyond
Visiting Lecturer in the UK An inaugural meeting was held in Beijing, China, on April 15, 2016, to introduce
the Organizing Committee for the SEG 2017 Conference, Ore Deposits of Asia:
Jeremy Richards China and Beyond.
(SEG 1985 FL)

SEG NEWS
traveled to the UK
Save the dates for the first SEG Conference in China:
during his univer-
sity’s Reading Week September 17–20, 2017!
to give three talks,
two at Camborne
School of Mines in
Cornwall, south-
west England, and
one at the Natural History Museum in
London. The Camborne visit involved a
train ride from London almost as long
as the transatlantic flight, but it was
well worthwhile to see the new CSM
campus, and to visit with Ben William-
son and colleagues, whose recent paper
on plagioclase compositions in porphy-
ry-forming magmas has been making
waves. Jeremy caught the train back up
to London the next day and arrived at
the NHM with minutes to spare to give
a talk to an enthusiastic group of stu-
dents and others from London, Leices-
ter, and Leeds. Richard Herrington,
Head of the Earth Science Department Left to right: Larry Meinert (Technical Program), Kezhang Qin (Field Trips), Zhaoshan Chang (Short
at the NHM, and Jamie Wilkinson Courses), Rich Goldfarb (Conference Co-Chair), Jingwen Mao (Marketing/Publicity in China), Bri-
hosted a welcome and well-lubricated an Hoal (SEG Executive Director), Yuling Xie (Student Activities), Lucia Liu and Kathrin Bruggemeier
dinner following the oratory exertions (“German-Inspired Events” meeting planners), Zhiming Yang (Publications), Liqiang Yang (Poster
Sessions), and Kunfeng Qiu (Administration/Logistics). Picture insert: Jun Deng, President of China
and the frustrations of slow-motion rail University of Geosciences, Beijing, and Conference Co-Chair.
transport in Britain. 1

PAID ADVERTISEMENT
26 SEG NEWSLETTER No 106 • JULY 2016

Coming Soon from               — Compilation 11

Mineral Deposits of the Tethyan Orogen: Spain to Indochina

1915–2015
Richard M. Tosdal, Editor Mineral Depos
of the Tethyan O its
ro
The 178 papers in this compilation give insight into the complex Spain to Indochingen:
a
geology of the 7,000-km stretch of land known as the Tethyan
orogeny. The collection brings together valuable research found A Compilation
in Society of Economic Geologists’ publications, including 1915–2015
ISBN 978-1-629491-
Economic Geology, SEG Guidebooks, and the SEG Newsletter. ISSN 1939-1438
53-0
SEG Compilations
Volume 11

Price: $85
Members: $68 Selections from SE
Economic Geology G and
Publications
Available July
Edited by Richard
20 M. Tosdal

©
16
So
cie
ty of E
con
www.segweb.org/store
omic
Geologis
ts

gold17@rotorua granites2017@benalla
21-23 February 2017 25-28 September 2017
Rotorua, New Zealand Benalla, Victoria, Australia

www.rotoruagold17.co.nz www.benallageology17.com.au
rotorua2017@geosymposia.com.au benalla2017@geosymposia.com.au

Please email us with

expressions of interest and
to receive updated notices
PAID ADVERTISEMENT
No 106 • JULY 2016 SEG NEWSLETTER 27

Thank you Sponsors

PATRON

PREMIER

GOLD

/ is a subsidiary of Eldorado Gold Corp.

SILVER

BRONZE
Dawn Zhou

We are just three months away from what promises to be one of the most exciting and
rewarding conferences that the Society has organized for some years, given its location
and focus on the Tethyan metallogenic belt, and the metallogenic focus will also embrace
many more terranes worldwide. The technical sessions are on track to being sold out and
participants will enjoy a very full program of topics covering all aspects of metallogenesis,
mineral exploration, and mining, with international keynote speakers for each thematic
session. The extended program includes a considerable number of pre- and post-confer-
ence short courses and field trips and is complemented by guest activities that allow
participants the opportunity to explore this beautiful and culturally diverse country.
Dr. Mesut Soylu The conference has the complete support of the local commercial sector and the Bob Foster
(SEG 1997 F), (SEG 1978 F),
Governor of Çeşme Province, ensuring participants a warm welcome and a safe and
Chair, SEG 2016 Chair,
Organizing secure environment to enjoy the proceedings. We also warmly acknowledge the strong SEG President
Committee support of all our sponsors, ranging from major mining and service companies to the
juniors, which will ensure the success of this international conference.

Following meetings with the Director of Administrative Affairs for Sheraton Çeşme Hotel and the Governor of Çeşme Province, we have been promised that
they will do their best to coordinate our conference planning with the security directorate of Çeşme. The Governor also assured us that extra security support
will be provided in and around the Sheraton Hotel during the conference and any necessary security intelligence will be shared with us.
28 SEG NEWSLETTER No 106 • JULY 2016

SEG 2016 Technical Program (Preliminary)

Tethyan Tectonics and Metallogeny
New Theme and Session
Variations on Orogeny and Metallogenesis Associated with Supercontinent Growth
What is special about the Tethyan belt? And why does it have its own metallogenic signature that is distinct from
other orogens around the world, containing the world’s greatest MVT deposits but lacking orogenic gold miner-
alization? The leading specialists on five major orogenic belts will discuss the relationships between regional
metallogeny and tectonic evolution in different parts of the globe (Tethysides, Pan African, Central Asian orogen-
ic belt, North American Cordillera, and Andes), ranging in age from the Neoproterozoic to Recent. A subsequent
discussion on similarities and differences will be chaired by Richard Sillitoe and Celal Şengör, world experts on
regional ore deposit geology and the tectonics of continental growth. Don’t miss the opportunity to be part of this
rare assembly of specialists.
Invited speakers include Jeremy Richards (Tethysides), Peter Johnson (Pan African), Alexander Yakubchuk (Cen-
tral Asian orogenic belt), Richard Goldfarb (North American Cordillera), and Constantino Mpodozis (Andes).

Themes Invited Talks

n Introduction and integration:
Tethyan tectonics and metallogeny
n Western, central, and eastern Tethyan
metallogeny
n Tethyan tectonics
n Cradle of mining: Tethyan ore deposits
n Sedimentary and supergene ore deposits
n Recent discoveries in the Tethyan belt
n Variations on orogeny and metallogenesis
associated with supercontinent growth
Student Mentoring Forum &
Presidential Address
A Student Mentoring Forum, with invited
representatives from the minerals industry,
academia, and government, kicks off the
conference on Sunday, September 25, 2016.
Students can learn about careers in minerals
geoscience and take advantage of networking
opportunities. SEG President Robert P. Foster
will deliver his address immediately after the
forum, prior to the welcome reception.
Social Events
n Welcome Reception – Sun, Sept 25, 2016
n SEG Awards Ceremony – Tues, Sept 27, 2016
n Gala Dinner – Tues, Sept 27, 2016
n Tethyan tectonics (Celal Şengör)
n Tethyan metallogeny (Jeremy Richards, SEG Thayer Lindsley
Visiting Lecturer)
n Tethyan MVT deposits, the world’s largest (David Leach,
SGA Keynote Lecturer)
n Future of mining (John Thompson, SEG Distinguished Lecturer)
n European metallogeny (Ferenç Molnar)
n Balkans magmatism and metallogeny (Alex Miskovic)
n Timing of mineralization in eastern Europe (Albrecht von Quadt)
n Reconstruction of the Tethyan (Nurbike Sağdıç)
n Metallogeny of central Tethys (Robert Moritz)
n Magmatic evolution and metallogeny of Turkey (Ílkay Kuşcu)
n Magmatic evolution and metallogeny of Iran (Ali Sholeh)
n Zircon chemistry as a pathfinder for porphyry Cu ± Mo ± Au systems
(Yongjun Lu)
n Tethyan sedimentary-hosted deposits, China to Iran (Yucai Song)
n India-Asia collision and tectonics (Mike Searle)
n Tethyan laterites (Richard Herrington)
n Evaporite exploration (Cengiz Demirci)
n Discovery in the Timok district, Serbia (Dejan Kozelj)
n Exploration and discovery trends in the Tethyan region (Richard Schodde)
n Discovery in the Reko Diq district, Pakistan (Abdul Razique)
n Ilovica deposit geology, Macedonia (Dimitar Dimitrov)
n Amulsar discovery, Armenia (Tim Coughlin)
n Discovery of the Jiama deposit, Tibet (Lijuan Ying)
n Central Asian orogenesis and metallogeny (Alexander Yakubchuk)
n Arabian-Nubian orogenesis and metallogeny (Peter Johnson)
n North American Cordillera orogenesis and metallogeny
(Richard Goldfarb)
n Andean orogenesis and metallogeny (Constantino Mpodozis)
n Tectonic and metallogenic differences, Tethyan belt (Jeremy Richards)

Attention Students: Cash prizes will be awarded to the best oral and poster presentations by students.
Winners will be announced at the SEG Awards Ceremony at the Sheraton Çeşme Hotel.
No 106 • JULY 2016
The number of places is limited for the following events. Preference will be given to SEG 2016 Conference registrants.
Visit the SEG 2016 Conference website for short course and field trip updates (www.seg2016.org).
PRE-CONFERENCE COURSES
Porphyry Copper Deposits
SC 1
from Magmas to Ore
Minerals
DATES Saturday–Sunday
September 24–25, 2016
LOCATION Sheraton Çeşme Hotel
PRESENTERS John Dilles
Kalin Kouzmanov
Description
Porphyry-type deposits are the prin-
cipal world sources of copper and
molybdenum, and important sources of
gold and silver. This short course is an
introduction to magmatic, hydrother-
mal, and ore-forming processes, with
examples of the geology of important
and well-studied deposits. The goal is
to provide participants with knowledge
of the basic characteristics of host
rocks, styles of alteration and mineral-
ization, and present-day understanding
of ore-forming processes in porphyry
systems, based on recent scientific
advances using modern analytical stud-
ies from the kilometer to micron scale.
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($795)
Non-members ($895)
Student members ($395)
Non-member students ($445)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($895)
Non-members ($995)
Student members ($445)
Non-member students ($495)
SEG NEWSLETTER
Short Courses
Volcanology for
SC 2
Exploration Geologists
DATES Saturday–Sunday
September 24–25, 2016
LOCATION Sheraton Çeşme Hotel
PRESENTER Jocelyn McPhie
Description
This short course will help partici-
pants acquire the knowledge and skills
needed for exploring, mining, and
researching in volcanic terranes. It com-
bines fundamental information on how
volcanoes work and what they produce
with practical information on how to
name, describe, and log volcanic facies
in the field and in drill core. Lectures
will cover kinds of volcanoes, eruption
styles and products on land and under
water, effects of hydrothermal alter-
ation on volcanic rocks, and breccias
in mineralized volcanic environments.
The relationships between volcanic and
ore-forming processes will be reviewed
for important volcanic-associated ore
deposit types (VMS, epithermal Au-Ag,
porphyry Cu, komatiite-hosted Ni, kim-
berlite-hosted diamonds). This course
is intended for geologists engaged in
regional- or deposit-scale mapping or
in drilling programs in volcanic suc-
cessions for the purpose of mineral
exploration (especially VMS, epithermal
Au-Ag, porphyry Cu) and for geolog-
ical survey geologists embarking on
29
mapping projects in volcanic succes-
sions. No prior volcanology training is
required.
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($595)
Non-members ($695)
Student members ($295)
Non-member students ($345)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($695)
Non-members ($795)
Student members ($345)
Non-member students ($395)
Exploration Geochemistry:
SC 3
Putting Principles into
Practices
DATE Sunday
September 25, 2016
LOCATION Sheraton Çeşme Hotel
PRESENTER Peter Winterburn
Description
An understanding of the fundamen-
tal geochemical concepts of element
distributions and relationships from a
global level to a mineral deposit scale
will be combined with sampling theory
and practices to provide a model-based
geochemical exploration workshop.
Sampling strategies, sample types, and
key analytical methodologies will be
discussed, leading into multi-element
strategies for data interpretation and
30 SEG NEWSLETTER No 106 • JULY 2016

target selection and prioritization. The
course will focus on porphyry-style
mineralization, although other non-
porphyry examples will be discussed.
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($495)
Non-members ($595)
Student members ($245)
Non-member students ($295)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($595)
Non-members ($695)
Student members ($295)
Non-member students ($345)
Exploration Geophysics
SC 4
Short Courses
geophysics for all common mining
exploration methods as well as some of
the whole-earth geophysical methods
that are important for understanding
larger scale tectonics and geoscience.
This is both an introductory applied
course as well as an update for those
that may have studied geophysics some
time ago.
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($495)
geophysical characteristics that have
Non-members ($595)
been found to be successful in the
Student members ($245)
exploration for and discovery of a
Non-member students ($295)
variety of epithermal deposits.
n LATE REGISTRATION
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($595)
Members ($795)
Non-members ($695)

Non-members ($895)
Student members ($295)
for Geologists Student members ($395)
Non-member students ($345)
Non-member students ($445)
DATE Sunday
September 25, 2016 n LATE REGISTRATION
LOCATION Sheraton Çeşme Hotel (August 1, 2016):
PRESENTER Alan King POST-CONFERENCE COURSES Members ($895)
Non-members ($995)
Description Student members ($445)
Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits:
SC 5

This course is designed to clearly Non-member students ($495)

Geological Characteristics,
communicate the basic principles and
common applications of geophysics to
Ore-Forming Processes,
geologists. The course reviews essen- Exploration Methods, and
Structural Geology in
SC 6

tial principles, based on most people’s Discoveries

intuitive understanding of the physics
of the world around them—that is,
geophysics without equations. The
course is focused on, but not restricted
to, mining exploration and is designed
to give geologists the tools they need
to demystify, understand, and apply
DATES Thursday–Friday
September 29–30, 2016
LOCATION Sheraton Çeşme Hotel
PRESENTERS Stuart Simmons
Steve Enders
Description
Epithermal deposits host substantial
resources of gold and silver that are
often blind to the surface and that
are sometimes very high grade. This
course covers their geological set-
ting and ore-forming processes, and
the exploration methods that enable
discovery. Emphasis is placed on
interpreting hydrothermal alteration
patterns to understand the depth-
level of exposure and proximity to
upflow zones in which epithermal
deposits form. In addition, we
provide many examples, a few case
histories of discovery, and a review
of the geological, geochemical, and
Hydrothermal Deposits:
From Drill Core to Arcs
DATES Thursday–Friday
September 29–30, 2016
LOCATION Sheraton Çeşme Hotel
PRESENTER Richard Tosdal
Description
Hydrothermal fluid flow depends criti-
cally upon a permeability fabric formed
by deformation, magmatic, and sedi-
mentary processes. Mapping those fab-
rics at all scales, ranging from drill core
to magmatic arcs, requires an under-
standing of how the fabrics form and
their relationship with hydrothermal
flow and mineral reactions. This course
examines the formation and destruc-
tion of permeability and how these
features are recognized, mapped, and
incorporated into a structural model
of an ore-forming system. Emphasis is
placed on porphyry Cu and epithermal
No 106 • JULY 2016 SEG NEWSLETTER 31

Short Courses
Targeting in Tough Times: in terms of required geologic and

systems, as these are common deposits
present within the Tethyan orogen.
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($795)
Non-members ($895)
Student members ($395)
Non-member students ($445)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($895)
Non-members ($995)
Student members ($445)
Non-member students ($495)
SC 7
Economic and Geologic economic characteristics for new
discoveries?
Aspects of Copper and Gold
Exploration Course materials will draw on a broad
C E L LED range of international case studies with
CAN
DATES Thursday–Friday
September 29–30, 2016 emphasis placed on the copper and
LOCATION Sheraton Çeşme Hotel gold sectors.
PRESENTER Michael Doggett n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Description Members ($595)
This two-day course will address the Non-members ($695)
issues that face exploration groups Student members ($295)
in a changing and challenging global Non-member students ($345)
environment for the mineral industry.
n LATE REGISTRATION
These issues include fluctuating com- (August 1, 2016):
modity prices and exchange rates, the Members ($695)
capital crisis facing many junior explor- Non-members ($795)
ers and developers, and the refocus of Student members ($345)
senior companies on quality rather than Non-member students ($395)
size of assets. We will examine how
these topics impact on the minimum
tonnage-grade conditions required to
justify the cost and time of discovering
new economic deposits. A number of
questions will be addressed:
● Is the current downturn just another
trough in the cycle or indicative of a
more prolonged period of slowing of
growth in the commodities market?
● Will we go back to looking for the
same deposit types in the same
places when the market improves?
● What can we learn from the pipeline
of known undeveloped deposits

SEG 2016 Registration Open

Early Registration —
until July 31, 2016
SEG/MJD Member - $690
Non-member - $790
SEG/MJD Student Member - $250
Student Non-member - $300
Late Registration —
August 1–September 15, 2016
SEG/MJD Member - $790
Non-member - $890
SEG/MJD Student Member - $300
Student Non-member - $350
On-site Registration —
September 23–28, 2016
SEG/MJD Member - $890
Non-member - $990
SEG/MJD Student Member - $350
Student Non-member - $400

Register online at www.seg2016.org/registration.html

All registration fees are in US dollars and include VAT.

SEG reserves the right to cancel short course or field trip events
should minimum attendance numbers not be met by July 31, 2016.
Refer to www.seg2016.org/registration.html#policy for cancellation policy.
32
The number of places is limited for the following events. Preference will be given to SEG 2016 Conference registrants.
Visit the SEG 2016 Conference website for short course and field trip updates (www.seg2016.org).
PRE-CONFERENCE FIELD TRIPS
Biga Peninsula:
FT 1
Au-Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn Deposits
Pre-conference field trip
departure and return site: İzmir
September 20–24, 2016
Field Trip Leader
n Nuri Ceyhan, MSc. Principal
Geologist, Teck Madencilik A.S.
(Subsidary of Teck Resources)
Description
Biga Peninsula in northwestern Turkey,
located within the Tethyan metallo-
genic belt, is an emerging gold-copper
district with a number of new discov-
eries in the last two decades. Mineral
deposits of the Biga Peninsula district
are dominated by magmatic arc-related
hydrothermal systems. Epithermal
Au-Ag (HS & LS), porphyry Au-Cu-Mo
FT 2
and base-metal skarn deposits are
associated with Tertiary calc-alkaline
magmatism and include the economi-
cally most important deposits. We will
visit Ovacık (Au), Tepeoba (Cu, Mo, Au),
Balya (Pb, Zn) active operations and
Kestanelik (Au), TV Tower (Au, Ag, Cu),
and Halilağa (Au, Cu, Mo) deposits. Dis-
cussions on the current understanding
Halilaga looking north
Ovacık Mine Open Pit
SEG NEWSLETTER
Field Trips
of the geology, genesis of the
deposits, discovery history,
and key outcrops and deposit
visits will be the main focus
of the trip. In addition to site
visits, participants will have the
opportunity to visit the ancient
cities of Troy and Pergamon on Turkey Borate
the return trip to İzmir.
n ATTENDEE MAXIMUM: 20
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($1195)
Non-members ($1295)
Student members ($595)
Non-member students ($645)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($1295)
Non-members ($1395)
Student members ($645)
Non-member students ($695)
Borate Deposits of
Western Turkey
LED
EL
Pre-conference field trip
CANC
departure and return site: İzmir
September 21–24, 2016
Field Trip Leader
n Cengiz Demirci, Ph.D., M.Sc., SAIMM;
General Manager, Asia Minor Mining
Description
This excursion will examine the dep-
ositional mechanism, mineralogical
setting, and operational characteristics
of borate deposits in the Western Tur-
key district. The largest global borate
FT 3
deposits known are in central and
western Turkey, including the Kırka
(Eskişehir), Emet (Kütahya), and Biga-
diç (Balıkesir). Turkey produces about
half of the global yearly demand,
through Eti Mine Works (Turkish: Eti
Maden İşletmeleri), a Turkish state-
owned mining and chemicals company
focusing on boron products. It holds a
government monopoly on the mining
of borate minerals in Turkey, which
possesses 72% of the world’s known
deposits.
No 106 • JULY 2016
The deposits in the Emet and Kırka
region are mainly Ca-borate and Na-
borate, respectively. The Kirka deposit
appears to be the largest Na-borate
deposit in the world.
This is an opportunity for discussion
of pertinent topics: Why is Emet mostly
colemanite with no borax, whereas Kırka
is predominantly borax? What is so
different in the origin of the very rare
sodium borate deposits? What is the
mechanism of the hydrothermal leaching
of boron from upper crustal sediments
and ophiolites as a possible major con-
tributor to boron in the lacustrine brine?
What is the role of marine sediments?
n ATTENDEE MAXIMUM: 20
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($995)
Non-members ($1095)
Student members ($495)
Non-member students ($545)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($1095)
Non-members ($1195)
Student members ($545)
Non-member students ($595)
Balkans I: Tour of
Timok Complex, Serbia
Pre-conference field trip departs
from Belgrade and returns to İzmir
September 21–24, 2016
Field Trip Leaders
n Tim Livesey, Chief Operating Officer,
Reservoir Minerals Inc.
Description
The focus of this trip is on gaining
an understanding of the geology and
No 106 • JULY 2016
FT 4
Bor Open Pit
metallogeny related to the Timok Mag-
matic Complex (TMC), located in the
Timok Mountains of eastern Serbia,
~150 km SE of the capital, Belgrade.
The TMC itself is an approximately
north-south, lozenge-shaped belt of
extrusive and intrusive units emplaced
during the late Cretaceous.
The trip will help us build a geo-
logic framework in which to place the
many varied mineral deposits of the
district. Bor Region, has been mined
for over a century, has a total of over
23 Moz gold and 14 Mt copper endow-
ment. The trip will include overview
of RTB’s Bor and Veliki Krivelj open pit
Cu-Au porphyry deposits and opera-
tions, Freeport’s Cukaru Peki JV deposit
(Cu-Au epithermal and porphyry) and
Avala’s sediment-hosted Bigar Hill and
Korkan epithermal gold deposits. There
will be also opportunity to review
the drill cores from Cukaru Peki and
sediment-hosted gold deposits.
n AT TENDEE MAXIMUM: 20
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July Not
ion2016):
t31,
i s t r a
Reg
Members ailable
Y e t A v($1595)
Non-members ($1695)
No student rates
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($1695)
Non-members ($1795)
No student rates
Kışladağ Mine
SEG NEWSLETTER
Field Trips
POST-CONFERENCE FIELD TRIPS
Tour of Western Turkey
with a Mix of Porphyry-
Epithermal Deposits
Post-conference field trip depar-
ture and return site: İzmir
September 29–30, 2016
Field Trip Leaders
n Yücel Öztaş, Chief Geologist
(Kışladağ) TUPRAG Metal
Madencilik San. Tic. A.S. (subsidiary of
Eldorado Gold Corporation)
n Nadir Aslan, Chief Geologist
(Efemçukuru) TUPRAG Metal Maden-
cilik San. Tic. A.S. (subsidiary of Eldo-
rado Gold Corporation)
Description
The Eldorado’s Kışladağ porphyry and
Efemçukuru epithermal vein gold
deposits are two of main gold mines
located in western Turkey. This trip will
visit their flagship Kışladağ open pit
and Efemçukuru underground oper-
ations, and through a combination of
presentations and inspections of the
selected drill core, the current under-
standing of the geology and genesis of
the deposits will be discussed. Partici-
pants will also have an opportunity to
have a tour and Q&A in ALS Lab near
İzmir and examine details of Sardes
historical site on the way to Kışladağ.
All trip participants will be guests of
Eldorado and will need to abide by the
occupational health and safety require-
ments of the operations while on site.
33
n ATTENDEE MAXIMUM: 20
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($695)
Non-members ($795)
Student members ($345)
Non-member students ($395)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($795)
Non-members ($895)
Student members ($395)
Non-member students ($445)
Central Anatolian Au
FT 5
Deposits and Volcanism
Post-conference field trip
departing from İzmir and
returning to İstanbul/Ankara
September 29–October 2, 2016
Field Trip Leader
n Prof. Vedat Toprak, Energy Projects
Manager, Asia Minor Mining
n Bahri Yıldız, General Manager, Stratex
Madencilik Sanayi ve Ticaret ltd. Sti.
(subsidiary of the Stratex Internation-
al Plc, UK)
Description
Central Anatolia is part of the Tauride-
Anatolide block. There are two types
of Au deposits in the district. The first
includes the high sulfidation-type
Au-Ag and high level Au porphyry
deposits related to a stratovolcano
that occurred in the Miocene-Pliocene
volcanic belt, including the Central
Anatolian Volcanic Province, observed
between Tauride on the south and
Anatolide on the north. The other type
includes the thrust-related, structurally
controlled gold deposits (Kaymaz and
Himmetdede) occurring in the Anato-
lian block. The Kaymaz gold deposit,
associated with the listwanite in the
serpentinite, and Himmetdede gold
deposits, hosted in the limestone, will
be visited. In addition to these, we
will see the Öksüt high sulfidation
epithermal deposit and study the Dev-
elidağ eroded stratovolcano, HS type
alteration and mineralization, diatreme
and phreatic breccia in the Upper
34
Kaymaz Open Pit
Cappadocia
Miocene-Pliocene age andesitic volca-
nics. Participants will examine drill core
from the deposit. In addition, we will
visit the Miocene-Quaternary Central
Anatolia Volcanic Province, which is
composed of ignimbrite and lava flows.
Finally, old cave houses and churches
that were dug at about 300 BC by the
first Christians around the Cappadocia
will be examined.
All trip participants will be guests
of Koza and Centerra and will need to
abide by the occupational health and
safety requirements of the operations
while on each site.
n AT TENDEE MAXIMUM: 20
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($1095)
Non-members ($1195)
Student members ($545)
Non-member students ($595)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($1195)
Non-members ($1295)
Student members ($595)
Non-member students ($645)
SEG NEWSLETTER
Field Trips
VMS Deposits of
FT 6
Eastern Pontides
Post-conference field trip
departing from İzmir and
returning to İstanbul
September 29–October 2, 2016
Field Trip Leaders
n Kemal Revan, Ph.D., General Director-
ate of Mineral Research and Explora-
tion (MTA–Trabzon)
n Deniz Göç, Ph.D., General Directorate
of Mineral Research and Exploration
(MTA–Trabzon)
Description
The Eastern Pontides district is richly
endowed in world-class Kuroko-type
volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS)
base metal mineralization and related
deposit styles. Key examples of these
systems will be examined, including
Murgul, Çayeli and Lahanos-Kızılkaya
deposits. The Murgul, Lahanos-Kızılkaya
and Çayeli VMS deposits occur in the
Eastern Pontide tectonic belt, one of
the major tectonic units comprising
Anatolia. They are hosted by Late Cre-
taceous dacitic to rhyolitic rocks over-
lain by thin layers of pelitic sediments.
Çayeli is currently being mined by First
Quantum for zinc and copper. Murgul
and Lahanos deposits are operated
by Eti Bakir for base metals. Although
Lahanos and Kızılkaya deposits were
mined out in the past for zinc and
copper, both are now subject to new
drillings to develop new reserves. The
region is considered to be one of the
major metallogenic districts since it is a
host to numerous Kuroko VMS deposits
Çayeli
No 106 • JULY 2016
of varying sizes and reserves, with fairly
similar geochemical and mineralogical
characteristics.
All trip participants will be guests
of First Quantum and Eti Bakir during
Çayeli and Murgul-Lahanos visits respec-
tively and will need to abide by the
occupational health and safety require-
ments of the operation while on site.
n ATTENDEE MAXIMUM: 20
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($1295)
Non-members ($1395)
Student members ($645)
Non-member students ($695)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($1395)
Non-members ($1495)
Student members ($695)
Non-member students ($745)
Eastern Turkey: Çöpler
FT 7
Porphyry-Epithermal
Deposits
Post-conference field trip
departing from İzmir and
returning to İstanbul
September 29–October 2, 2016
Field Trip Leaders
n Serge Smolonogov, Geology
Manager, Alacer Gold Corp.
n Devrimer Yavuz, Chief Geologist,
Alacer Gold Corp.
Description
The field tour provides an overview
of Paleogene Çöpler epithermal and
porphyry deposit of Eastern Turkey. The
trip will include Çöpler gold operations
and prospects in the district. Partici-
pants will have a chance to observe
some of the characteristic geology and
mineralization of Paleogene magmatic
complex within the Western Tethys.
The Çöpler epithermal Au deposit and
related subeconomic porphyry Cu-Au
deposit is hosted by the middle Eocene
Çöpler-Kabataş magmatic complex in
central eastern Anatolia. The intrusive
rocks of the complex were emplaced
No 106 • JULY 2016
into Late Paleozoic–Mesozoic metamor-
phosed sedimentary basement rocks
near the northeastern margin of the
Tauride-Anatolide block. The deposit
is located along the northern flanks of
the Munzur Mountains, roughly 3 km
southeast of the Euphrates River.
All trip participants will be guests of
Alacer (Anagold) and will need to abide
by the occupational health and safety
requirements of the operations while
on site.
n AT TENDEE MAXIMUM: 20
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($1195)
Non-members ($1295)
Student members ($595)
Non-member students ($645)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($1295)
Non-members ($1395)
Student members ($645)
Non-member students ($695)
Madem Lakkos
All registration fees are in US dollars and include VAT.
SEG reserves the right to cancel short course or field trip events
should minimum attendance numbers not be met by July 31, 2016.
Refer to www.seg2016.org/registration.html#policy for cancellation policy.
SEG NEWSLETTER
Field Trips
Çöpler Mine
Balkans II: Tour of Greece
FT 8
and Bulgaria with a Mix of
Porphyry-Epithermal Depos-
its and Recent Discoveries
Post-conference field trip
departure site: İzmir
September 29–October 3, 2016
Field Trip Leader
n Dr. Panagiotis Voudouris, Associate
Professor, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens
n Chris Siron, Eldorado Gold Corporation
n Dr. István Márton, Dundee Precious
Metals Inc, Toronto, Canada and Uni-
versity of Babeș-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca,
Romania
Description
This field trip will introduce partici-
pants to the geology and mineraliza-
tion that characterizes selected gold
deposits in Greece and Bulgaria. It will
include site visits to Eldorado’s gold
operations and development projects
35
in Greece and Dundee’s gold deposit in
Bulgaria.
The Skouries porphyry gold-copper
deposit is a Miocene pencil-porphyry
stock that intruded into schists and
gneisses within the Serbo-Macedonian
massif. The Olympias and Stratoni
orebodies are Au-Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu carbon-
ate replacement deposits hosted in
marbles of the southern Rhodope core
complex. Sapes Au-Cu-Te deposit is a
telescoped porphyry-epithermal system
with spectacular outcrops of advanced
argillic alteration within an eroded
Oligocene volcanic edifice. Perama Hill
is an epithermal high sulfidation gold
deposit hosted within sandstone, con-
glomerate, and andesite of the Petrota
graben. Dundee’s Adatepe development
project located in south of the town of
Krumovgrad in southeastern Bulgaria
is an epithermal low sulfidation adu-
laria-sericite gold-silver deposit hosted
within Paleocene sedimentary rocks
overlying the Kessebir core complex.
Kavala is a newly-recognized intru-
sion-related gold system (IRGS) with
gold-rich sheeted veins hosted within
the Miocene Kavala granodiorite. The
field tour will also include tourist-type
site visits in both countries.
All trip participants will be guests of
Eldorado and Dundee and will need to
abide by the occupational health and
safety requirements of the operations
while on site.
n ATTENDEE MAXIMUM: 20
n EARLY
REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($1695)
Non-members ($1795)
No student rates
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($1795)
Non-members ($1895)
No student rates
36
GA 1 One-Day
Ephesus and Şirince Tour
From Selçuk, the group travels to the ancient
city of Ephesus and the House of the Virgin
Mary. The tour visits the Temple of Artemis
(Diana), Ephesus, which is known to be the
commercial, religious, and social center of
antiquity, and the Isa Bey Mosque. The village
of Sirince, an Aegean village of 600 inhabi-
tants, follows, with a wine house visit.
Ancient City of Ephesus
GA 2 One-Day
Çeşme and Alaçatı Tour
In İzmir, this tour visits Çeşme and Alaçatı.
Starting from Çesme Castle, an example of
Ottoman architecture, the group will visit
Çesme Museum, followed by tours of Alaçatı
and its harbor, a paradise for yachting enthusi-
asts. Alaçatı, with its narrow cobbled streets and
whitewashed houses and shutters of blue and
green, features upscale shops and restaurants.
Çeşme
GA 3 One-Day
Urla City and Wine-Tasting Tour
Urla dates back to 3000 BC and is rich in
archaeological finds and ruins. The town was
ruled by the Persians, Greeks, Romans, Byz-
antines, Seljuks, and Ottomans. In addition,
For Guest Activities dates and fees, visit www.seg2016.org/guest-activities.html
SEG NEWSLETTER
Guest Activities
viewing the wine-production process and
wine-tasting are part of the tour.
Urla Vineyard
GA 4 One-Day
İzmir City and Sardes Tour
The İzmir tour starts with a drive to the top of
Mount Pagus for panoramic views of the city
and Bay of İzmir from the walls of Kadifekale,
an ancient fortress built by Alexander the
Great. Visits to İzmir’s museums of archaeology
and ethnography, the Ottoman clock tower, and
extensive bazaar follow. The tour then visits
the ancient city of Sardes.
İzmir
GA 5 Two-Day, One Night
Ayvalık, Cunda Island, Pergamon, Troy,
and Çanakkale Tour
Examples of neoclassical architecture in Ayvalık
houses and Cunda Island as well as Çamlık are
tour highlights. Devil’s Table (Şeytan Sofrası) is
a stop, and Lale Island, where many churches
Troia Horse, Çanakkale
No 106 • JULY 2016
and monasteries are located. Free time is fol-
lowed by a trip to Çanakkale. On the second day,
the tour visits the ancient city of Troy, the Tem-
ple of Athena, and Bergama (Pergamum), which
is the site of the “Red Basilica,” a temple to the
Egyptian god Osiris converted to a basilica by
early Christians.
GA 6 Two-Day, One Night
Ephesus and Pamukkale Tours
A visit to the ancient city of Ephesus, House
of the Virgin Mary, and the temple of Artemis
(Diana) on the first day are followed on day two
by a trip to Pamukkale Travertines, the center
of natural thermal spring waters, with pure,
white-colored travertines and stepped water
terraces on the mountain slope. The ancient
city of Hierapolis is also visited, as well as the
Anatolia necropolis, with 1,200 gravestones.
Pamukkale Travertenies
GA 7 Two-Day, One Night
Cappadocia Tour (airfare included)
The tour starts from Devrent Valley, with its
unique geological formations. Visits are to
less frequently toured places such as Paşabağı
and the fairy chimneys of Cappadocia. There
will also be an opportunity to see Avanos, as
well as Byzantine art at the Goreme Open-Air
Museum. Uçhisar Castle is the highest point in
the region, with a panoramic view over Cappa-
docia and hiking trails to Rose Valley, Pigeons
Valley, and Kaymakli underground city.
Cappadocia
No 106 • JULY 2016 SEG NEWSLETTER 37

Exhibition SEG 2016 Organizing

Committee Members
Invitation to Attend the SEG 2016 Conference Conference Chair:
Mesut Soylu
The Organizing Committee is pleased to invite you to the SEG-MJD 2016 Mineral Consultancy
Conference, Tethyan Tectonics and Metallogeny (SEG 2016), September mesut@mineral.com.tr

25–28, 2016, in Çes

¸ me, İzmir, Turkey. The conference is jointly hosted by Society of Economic Geologists:
Brian Hoal
the Society of Economic Geologists and the Turkish Association of Eco- SEG Executive Director
nomic Geologists (MJD) at the Sheraton Çes ¸ me Hotel, Resort, and Spa. brianhoal@segweb.org
Conference Vice-Chair & Sponsorship:
Steve Enders
Eurasian Minerals Inc.
Exhibition Spaces — Booking an Exhibition Space mse@renrespartners.com
US$2,360 (includes VAT) Conference Organizer: Technical Program Chair:
ZED Event Management and ˙Ilkay Kuşcu
Included:
Consultancy Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University
n Area measuring 3m wide x seg2016@zed.com.tr ikuscu@mu.edu.tr
2m deep Tel. +90.312.219 57 00 / Field Trip Chair:
n Booth structure with side walls and ext. 393 (local #) Bayram Artun
back wall Teck Resources Ltd.
bayram.artun@teck.com
n Header board with your company Exhibition Hours
Publications:
name Sunday, September 25
Jeremy Richards
Set up 12:00 pm–5:00 pm University of Alberta
n Table and two chairs, lighting,
Welcome Reception 6:00 pm–8:00 pm jr6@ualberta.ca
power (extension cord), and
waste bin Monday, September 26 Student Programs:
9:30 am–6:30 pm Cengiz Demirci
n Your organization listed on the Asia Minor Mining
Tuesday, September 27
conference website cengizdemirci@msn.com
9:30 am–6:30 pm
n Two complimentary exhibitor regis- Wednesday, September 28 Short Courses:
trations including all receptions Richard Tosdal
9:30 am–3:30 pm Consultant
Tear down from 3:30 pm rtosdal@gmail.com
Administration/Logistics:
Exhibitors Arda Arcasoy
Consultant
ALS Minerals — booth #7 arda@arcasoy.com
BHP Billiton — booth #5-6 Social Events:
Mehmet Deveci
Corescan — booth #18-19 Consultant
Eldorado Gold / TÜPRAG — booth #37 mdeveci1962@hotmail.com
Encon Laboratory — booth #45
Maden Jeologları Derneği (MJD) — booth #42
MinenCo — booth #3
Mineral Deposit Research Unit (MDRU) — booth #35
Olympus — booth #4
OGLAR
Pozitif Sondaj — booth #10 OL
J
EN JE

ID

Rio Tinto — booth #36

ERNEĞ

M D
Society of Economic Geologists— booth #4
AD

M İ
2011
TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odasi — booth #1

Visit www.seg2016.org/faq.html for answers to frequently asked questions.

38 SEG NEWSLETTER No 106 • JULY 2016

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ENTS

and Editors
Philip L. Verplanck and Murray W. Hitzm
an

ISBN 978-1-629492-18-6
SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGIS
TS, INC.

Available for purchase at www.segweb.org/store:

Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 18 (365 pages)
Formats: Print (soft cover) or on CD-ROM, and as a PDF
List price: US$90; Member price: US$72

SPONSORED ADVERTISEMENT
No 106 • JULY 2016
SEG International Exchange Lecturer Tour
Murray W. Hitzman, the
Charles Fogarty Chair in Eco-
nomic Geology at the Colo-
rado School of Mines (USA),
undertook a lecture tour of
Australia and Myanmar as
part of his 2016 International
Exchange Lecturer tour for
the Society. The tour was
accomplished with addi-
tional financial support from
the Australian Academy of
Science, which awarded him
the Haddon King Forrester
medal* in Canberra on March
19, 2016. Murray receiving the Haddon
Murray began his tour Forrester King Medal Award.
at Geoscience Australia in
Canberra on March 21 with a techni-
cal description of the geology of the
Central African Copperbelt, followed
by a second lecture entitled “Unob-
tanium? The future of mining in the
21st century.” The “Unobtainium” talk
was aimed at a general audience and
discussed the importance of mining
during the 20th century, examined
changes expected in the industry as
it moves into the 21st century, and
highlighted the importance of attract-
ing highly qualified individuals to the
mining industry. Murray was hosted in
*The Australian Academy of Science Had-
don Forrester King Medal, sponsored by Rio
Tinto, is one of the Australian Academy of
Science’s prestigious career awards for life-
long achievement and outstanding contri-
bution to science. The award recognizes the
contributions of the late Haddon Forrester
King, whose work applied the geological
and related sciences to the search for min-
eral deposits in Australia and elsewhere.
PAID ADVERTISEMENT
SEG NEWSLETTER 39
Murray W. Hitzman (SEG 1978 F)
Canberra by former Survey, to a largely government audi-
SEG President Neil ence that included the Director of the
Williams. On March Geological Survey of Myanmar.
SEG NEWS
22, he gave a talk on The lecture tour in Australia contin-
iron oxide-copper- ued on April 15, when Murray spoke at
gold (IOCG) deposits the Center for Exploration Targeting,
to the SEG student University of Western Australia, on the
chapter at Monash Central African Copperbelt. The SEG
University. Following student chapter provided a barbecue
this, he traveled to for audience members on the banks of
James Cook University the Swan River. He also presented the
in Townsville, where “Unobtainium” talk at Mawson Labo-
he was hosted by the ratories at the University of Adelaide.
SEG student chapter On April 23, Murray served as the the
and Associate Professor lead presenter at a one-day workshop
Zhaoshan Chang. at CODES, University of Tasmania,
Murray then visited on the geology of the Central African
Myanmar, where he Copperbelt.
presented a half-day workshop on por- In addition to the public lectures,
phyry copper and epithermal gold-silver Murray also gave several hour-long talks
mineralizing systems to the Myanmar on challenges to mineral exploration
Geological Society and others. He also in the 21st century to geoscientists and
presented a lecture entitled “Challenges managers from Rio Tinto, major finan-
to creating sustainable development cial sponsors of the King medal, in both
from mining industry investment in Melbourne (March 22) and Perth (April
Myanmar,” at the Myanmar Geological 15). 1
Murray gives a presentation in Myanmar.
NEVADA EXPLORATION GIS DATA SETS
HIGHEST QUALITY
MINERAL OCCURRENCES
GEOCHEMISTRY
GEOLOGY
GEOGRAPHY
GEOPHYSICS
CULTURE Au
POLITICAL
website: www.greatbasingis.com
email: jlaravie@frontiernet.net
phone: 775-777-8223
PAID ADVERTISEMENT
 40 SEG NEWSLETTER No 106 • JULY 2016

SIMEXMIN 2016: SEG Participation

The VII Brazilian Symposium on Min-
eral Exploration—Simexmin 2016—was
held May 15 to 18, 2016, in Ouro Preto,
Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Participants
SEG NEWS

numbered 750, 15% less than the previ-

ous meeting, in 2014. The great major-
ity were professionals from the private
mining sector, with only 2% from
academia. Despite depressed news about
the political and economic situation of
the Brazilian mining sector, the meeting
was quite vibrant, with a program that
included 12 technical sessions and 5
short courses. An SEG-sponsored short
course was given by Dr. Cesar Aguirre
(SEG 2006 F; Teck Resources–Peru)
on “Exploration in the 21st Century.”
Prof. Laurence Robb (SEG 1985 F;
University of Oxford-UK) gave a talk,
“Metallogenic models and gold explora-
SEG student members networked with fellow students, faculty, and friends at the SEG booth.
tion,” and a short course, “World-class
ore-forming processes.”
The exhibitor area housed 41 booths, Laurence Robb was also a familiar sight areas of common interest: (1) the bene-
mostly occupied by national and mul- at the booth. fits of developing better communication
tinational mining and mineral explo- Student volunteers represented the among the Brazil chapters, with joint
ration companies, but governmental Universidade Estadual de Campinas ventures for various activities; (2) the
institutions (e.g., Brazilian Geological (UNICAMP), Universidade Estadual possibility of organizing of chapters by
Survey) and book and national publish- Paulista (UNESP), Universidade Federal regions (north, northeast, southeast–
ing companies were also on hand. The do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Univer- south), rather than individual univer-
SEG booth was organized by Roberto sidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), sities; (3) the idea of adding of another
Xavier (SEG 2011 F; IG/UNICAMP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP) and Regional VIP to better assess SEG’s
with students from several SEG Bra- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais participation in various events. 1
zil Student Chapters lending a hand. (UFMG). The group discussed several

PAID ADVERTISEMENT
No 106 • JULY 2016 SEG NEWSLETTER 41

13TH INTERNATIONAL NICKEL-COPPER-

PGE SYMPOSIUM
Perth-Fremantle Western Australia
5th – 9th Sept 2016 with post-conference field excursion

The next in the series of international Ni-Cu-PGE conferences comes to Perth, the
centre of the Australian metal mining industry and dynamic centre of Earth Science research
SYMPOSIUM
Wed 7 - Fri 9 September, Esplanade Hotel, Fremantle
WORKSHOPS
Mon 5 Tue 6 and Sat 10 September, CSIRO Kensington
POST-CONFERENCE FIELD TRIP
Mon 11 to Mon 17 September.
Komatiites and nickel deposits of the Yilgarn Craton
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
Caroline Perring (BHP-Billiton); Catherine Spaggiari
(GSWA); Edward Ripley (Univ. of Indiana); Reid Keays
(Monash University); James Austin (CSIRO); Zoran Seat
(Cassini Resources); Mark Bennett (S2 Resources, formerly
Sirius Resources); Ben Grguric (South Australian Museum,
formerly BHP-Billiton); Mike Lesher (Laurentian University,
Sudbury).
CONFERENCE TOPICS
The Nova-Bollinger deposit and the Fraser Range
Ni-Cu-PGE in the Musgrave Province
Other recent discoveries including Xiarihamu (Tibet)
New advances in genetic models and exploration techniques
Non magmatic ores including Avebury and Chinese
polymetallic Ni-Mo-V-PGE
50 years after Kambalda discovery - advances in komatiites
and associated ores
...and more
WORKSHOPS
Physical processes in magmatic ore formation
Geophysical and other exploration techniques
Ore characterisation and microbeam X-ray techniques

www.nicupgesymposium.com

http://www.argentinamining.com
 42 SEG NEWSLETTER No 106 • JULY 2016

SEG STUDENT CHAPTER NEWS

ANNUAL REPORTS
Student Chapter Annual Reports (ARs) are due September 30,
2016; ARs should be submitted to studentprograms@segweb.org.
Please include an updated Student Chapter Membership Infor-
mation Form (SCMIF) with your AR! Both forms can be found
at www.segweb.org/StudentChapterGuidelines.
Round II 2016 Student Chapter Funding Proposal
Submission Deadline is October 31, 2016!
STUDENT NEWS
Since 2012, the SEG Stewart R. Wallace Fund has supported
the student chapter funding program; proposals for fund-
ing should focus on field-based educational activities.
Well-constructed and thoughtful applications may be success-
ful in receiving as much as US$1,500.00 (possibly more, for
exceptional applications). The 2015 budget brings US$70,000
for those student chapters submitting successful applications,
with approximately US$35,000 allocated for each round. We
encourage all chapters to seriously consider the assessment cri-
teria used by the Student Affairs Committee in planning your

The application can be found at www.segweb.org/pdf/forms/
Student-Chapter-Funding-Guidelines-Form.pdf.
Please note that in order for your application to be eligible, SEG
Student Chapters must:
n be active
n have submitted an Annual Report (AR) by the September 30,
2016, deadline
n have submitted an updated Student Chapter Membership
Information Form (SCMIF) with the AR
n meet ALL other eligibility requirements as outlined in the
Student Chapter Guidelines.
activities to ensure the best chance of receiving the highest
level of funding. The assessment criteria are clearly stated on
the Student Chapter Funding Form. It is encouraged to have
your academic and industry advisors review your proposal.
Please note that chapters awarded funding in Round I 2016 are
not eligible to receive funding in Round II 2016.
Visit www.segweb.org/StudentChapterGuidelines
for more details.
Please direct chapter revisions, updates, or questions
to studentprograms@segweb.org. 1

Check out the latest student videos at

www.segweb.org/StudentChapterFieldTrips

Currently featured:
Welcome, New The CODES/Lakehead Iceland and Sweden Field Trip.
SEG
STUDENT CHAPTERS
2016 New SEG Student
Chapters
n Trinity College of Dublin,
Ireland
n Universidade do Estado do
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
n Andres Bello University –
Vina del Mar, Peru

This brings the total number of

chapters to 99 in 31 countries.
No 106 • JULY 2016 SEG NEWSLETTER 43

SEG Foundation 2016 Graduate Student Fellowship Awards

The SEGF Graduate Student Fellowship Program provides fellowships to students who intend to pursue a course of study in
economic geology leading to a professional master’s, master of science (M.Sc.), and/or Ph.D. degree, with preference given
to those who will be entering graduate school following completion of a bachelor of science (B.S.) degree, or equivalent. A
total of US$150,000 has been awarded to 20 students and CAN$30,000 has been awarded to five students who are enrolled
in or will be entering graduate school in 2016. This is one of the Foundation’s three core student programs “to encourage
and develop a new generation of economic geologists.” The SEGF Graduate Student Fellowship Program is supported by
major grants from Anglo American, Barrick Gold Corporation, Bear Creek Mining Corporation, Coeur Mining, New-
mont Mining Corporation, Pan American Silver Corp., Regulus Resources, Inc., and an individual anonymous donor.

Thank You...
The 2016 SEG Foundation Graduate Student Fellowships in Economic Geology have
been awarded to the following students:

STUDENT NEWS
(Listing in alphabetical order: name of student, home country, amount of award, uni-
versity where student is either attending [first year] or plans to attend graduate school,
and degree being sought)

Nigel Bocking, Canada Carol-Anne Genereux, Carl Spence-Jones,

– $10,000, Laurentian
University, Canada, M.Sc.,
Barrick Scholar
Alexandra Brown, Can-
ada – $10,000, University
of British Columbia,
Canada, M.Sc., Newmont
Scholar
Edward Bunker, United
Kingdom – $5,000, Uni-
versity of Bristol, United
Kingdom, Ph.D.
Marco Castoldi, Brazil –
$10,000, Federal Univer-
sity of Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil, M.Sc., Newmont
Scholar
Matthew Flambard,
United Kingdom –
$5,000, University of
Exeter-Camborne School
of Mines, United King-
dom, M.Sc.
Brigitte Gelinas, Can-
ada – $10,000, Lakehead
University, Canada, M.Sc.,
Newmont Scholar
Canada – $10,000, Lau-
rentian University, Can-
ada, M.Sc., Anglo American
Scholar
George Guice, United
Kingdom – $5,000, Cardiff
University Wales, United
Kingdom, Ph.D.
Jeffrey Hrncir, USA –
$10,000, University of
New Mexico, USA, M.Sc.
Meaghan MacPherson,
USA – $5,000, Iowa State
University, USA, M.Sc.
Shengxun Sai, China –
$5,000, China University
of Geosciences, China,
Ph.D.
Callum Scott, United
Kingdom – $10,000, Cam-
borne School of Mines,
Exeter, M.Sc., Anglo Ameri-
can Scholar
Catherine Sedge, Canada
– $10,000, Saint Mary’s
University, Canada, M.Sc.,
Anglo American Scholar
United Kingdom –
$10,000, University of
Leeds, United Kingdom,
Ph.D.
Tadsuda Taksavasu, Thai-
land – $5,000, Auburn
University, USA, M.Sc.
Katherine Tott, USA –
$5,000, Iowa State Univer-
sity, USA, M.Sc.
Corwin Trottier, Canada
– $5,000, Saint Mary’s
University, Canada, M.Sc.
Alexander Tunnadine,
Australia – $5,000, Mac-
quarie University, Austra-
lia, M.Sc.
Christopher Voisey,
Canada – $5,000, Monash
University, Australia,
M.Sc.
Shawna Waberi, Can-
ada – $10,000, Queen’s
University, Canada, M.Sc.,
Barrick Scholar

The SEG Canadian Foundation (SEGCF) continues to significantly contribute to

the Graduate Student Program. The five SEGCF recipients for 2016 are as follows:

Roy Greig, USA – Cole McGill, Canada Barry Penner, Canada

CAN$5,000, University
of Arizona, USA, Ph.D.
Christopher Kelly,
Canada – CAN$5,000,
Laurentian University,
Canada, M.Sc.
– CAN$5,000, Queen’s – CAN$10,000, Univer-
University, Canada, M.Sc. sity of British Columbia,
Canada, M.Sc.
Daniel Meagher, Can-
ada – CAN$5,000, Saint
Mary’s University, Can-
ada, M.Sc.
 44
2016 Student Research Grant Awards
The Society of Economic Geologists
Foundation (SEGF) and the SEG Can-
ada Foundation (SEGCF) are pleased to
announce the Student Research Grant
awards for 2016. This year the SEGF
received 160 applications, of which 50
were selected to receive funding, for a
total of US$186,940 (US$116,940 SEGF
and CAN$53,840 SEGCF). These grants
will assist students with field and lab-
STUDENT NEWS
oratory expenses for thesis research on
mineral deposits as required for graduate
degrees at accredited universities. Grants
are awarded on a competitive basis and
are available to students worldwide. This
year’s successful candidates make up
22 nationalities and attend 32 different
universities in 10 countries, distributed as
follows: Canada – 17, United States – 14,
Australia – 5 , UK – 5 , South Africa - 4,
Brazil - 1, Chile – 1, Germany – 1, Japan –
1, and Spain – 1.
The awards are listed in the following for-
mat: grant recipient, dollar amount (in U.S.
dollars unless otherwise designated), univer-
sity, country, degree, and project name/area.
Hugh E. McKinstry Student Research
Awards are granted to students whose
projects involve studies of mines or ore
districts, topical studies toward improved
understanding of ore genesis, and exper-
imental research in field applications.
This year the 22 recipients are as follows:
M Tracy Anderson, $3,340, University of
Nevada, Reno, USA, M.Sc.; Supergene
Ag enrichment at the Rochester mine
in Pershing County, NV
M Wilson Bonner, $4,000, University
of Nevada Reno, USA, M.Sc.; Spatial
and temporal relationships between
Carlin-style gold and polymetallic
mineralization at the Deep Cove
Au-Ag deposit, Nevada
M Gráinne Byrne, $4,250, Colorado
School of Mines, USA, M.Sc.; Geome-
tries and genesis of breccias within the
halokinetic Kalukundi diapir at the
Mashitu mine, Katanga, DRC
M Michael Calder, $4,500, James Cook
University, Australia, Ph.D.; Zonation,
paragenesis and fluid evolution from
the root to top of the Far South-
east-Lepanto porphyry-epithermal
system, Philippines
M Alexander Cherry, $2,600, Univer-
sity of Tasmania, Australia, Ph.D.;
SEG NEWSLETTER
Sedimentary units within the Olympic
Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit: Provenance
and implications to metal sources
M Tristan Childress, $5,000, University
of Michigan, USA, Ph.D.; Geochemical
characterization of iron oxides and
associated mineralogy from the Pea
Ridge and Pilot Knob iron oxide-ap-
atite deposits of southeast Missouri,
USA
M Elizabeth Hollingsworth, $4,000,
University of Nevada, Reno, USA,
Ph.D.; Au mineralization in the
Rain-Railroad district, Nevada:
Relationship of Carlin-type and
intrusion-related Au deposits and the
Carlin-type to epithermal transition
M Grace Howe, $4,000, University of
Leicester, United Kingdom, M.Sc.;
Assessment of the Ni-Cu-PGE poten-
tial of magmatic intrusions surround-
ing the Munali Ni-sulfide deposit,
Zambia
M Michael Hutchinson, $3,300, Oregon
State University, USA, Ph.D.; Trace
element partitioning between silicate
and CaSO4-rich melts
M Florian Huthmann, $2,560, Uni-
versity of the Witwatersrand, South
Africa, Ph.D.; The age, tectonic setting
and magmatic stratigraphy of the
Waterberg project, Limpopo Province,
South Africa
M Malte Junge, $2,700, Leibniz Uni-
versity Hannover, Germany, Ph.D.;
LA-ICP-MS analyses for PGE in sec-
ondary/oxidized minerals, Bushveld
Complex, South Africa
M Bartosz Karykowski, $3,250, Cardiff
University, United Kingdom, Ph.D.;
Field based and analytical evidence
from the Bushveld and Monchegorsk
layered intrusive complexes
M Nikita La Cruz, $3,400, University
of Michigan, USA, Ph.D.; An inves-
tigation of the age and chemistry of
apatite in iron oxide-apatite (IOA)
deposits
M Erin Lynch, $1,500, University of
Michigan, USA, Ph.D.; Elucidating
fluid sources in the Sevier fold-thrust
belt using isotopic studies of authi-
genic illite
M Gustavo Melo, $3,500, University of
Campinas, Brazil, Ph.D.; Characteriza-
tion of metal and fluid sources of the
world-class Salobo and Igarapé-Bahia
IOCG deposits, Carajás Province
No 106 • JULY 2016
M Ibiyemi Ogungbuyi, $4,500, Uni-
versity of Cape Town, South Africa,
Ph.D.; The geochemistry and source
characteristics of carbonatites and
related alkaline rocks from southern
Namibia and Northern Cape, South
Africa
M Rebecca Perkins, $5,000, University
of Bristol, United Kingdom, Ph.D.;
Post-collisional magmatism and
porphyry-style mineralization in
the Maronia Magmatic Corridor, NE
Greece
M Carson Richardson, $4,600, Univer-
sity of Arizona, USA, Ph.D.; Exten-
sional deformation in the northern
Shoshone range: Deciphering the
pre-faulting geometry of alter-
ation-mineralization patterns and
paleo-hydrothermal system(s)
M Josia Shilunga, $3,800, University of
Witwatersrand, South Africa, M.Sc.;
The geological and geophysical study
of the the Kombat South area, Otavi
Mountain Land, northern Namibia
M William Smith, $2,450, University of
Portsmouth, United Kingdom, M.Sc.;
Tectonomagmatic evolution of the
Cornubian Ore Province: A new early
magmatic event?
M Matthew Terracin, $5,000, Univer-
sity of Witwatersrand, South Africa,
Ph.D.; Structural development of the
Potchefstroom thrust fault, Witwa-
tersrand Basin, South Africa
M Jesus Velasco Acebes, $2,750, Spanish
National Research Council, Spain,
Ph.D.; The formation of VMS deposits
in extreme paleographic environ-
ments: Anoxia, microbial activity and
sulphide precipitation
Mining Corporation
Student Research Grants are awarded
to facilitate economic geology research,
with a primary interest in gold. There are
five 2016 recipients:
M Dana Drew, $3,000, University of
Texas, USA, Ph.D.; Cl stable isotopes
as a tracer of metal transport in hydro-
thermal fluids of the Grasberg giant
porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Indonesia
M Renelle Dubosq, $3,000, University of
Ottawa, Canada, M.Sc.; Assessing sul-
phide recrystallization and Au remo-
bilization through 2D trace element
No 106 • JULY 2016
mapping and structural analysis,
Detour Lake mine, Ontario, Canada
M Marcelo Godefroy, $3,000, University
of Western Australia, Australia, Ph.D.;
Chemical gradient within the Kun-
dana area at the time of Au mineral-
ization, Western Australia
M Oyungerel Sarantuya, $3,000,
Kyushu University, Japan, Ph.D.; Geol-
ogy and genesis of the Olon Ovoot Au
deposit in south Mongolia
M Jennifer Thompson, $3,000, Uni-
versity of Tasmania, Australia, Ph.D.;
Examining textural, geochemical, and
fluorescence variations within vein
and replacement style carbonate in
porphyry Cu-Au deposits
The Hugo Dummett Mineral Discovery
Fund supports applied economic geology
research, including the development of
new exploration technology and tech-
niques, and the dissemination of related
results. This year’s four recipients are as
follows:
M Jaime Campo, $3,500, Western
Washington University, USA, M.Sc.;
Cathodoluminescence and trace ele-
ments in quartz from low sulfidation
epithermal ore deposits; implications
for exploration and ore genesis
M James Chapman, $1,940, University
of Arizona, USA, Ph.D.; Cathodolumi-
nescence and trace elements in quartz
from low sulfidation epithermal ore
deposits; implications for exploration
and ore genesis
M Annock Chiwona, $5,000, Newcastle
University, United Kingdom, Ph.D.;
Empirical relationships between trace
element concentration in detrital
minerals and partition coefficients:
Estimation of whole rock REE
concentrations
M Matthew Dunlop, $4,500, University
of Wyoming, USA, Ph.D.; Platinum
isotope characteristics of Pt-bearing
ores and genetic implications
The Hickok-Radford Grants are awarded
to support field-based research as applied
to exploration for metallic mineral
deposits for projects located in Alaska,
northern Canada, and other regions
north of latitude 60 north, or projects at
very high elevations elsewhere. The two
recipients for 2016 are as follows:
M Ijaz Ahmad, $4,000, University of
Alberta, Canada, M.Sc.; Potential
sources of post-subduction Cu-Au
mineralization, Kohistan arc, Pakistan
SEG NEWSLETTER
M Erika Cayer, $3,000, University of
British Columbia, Canada, M.Sc.;
Development of geochemical explo-
ration technologies for the discovery
of kimberlites concealed under glacial
drift, NWT
Alberto Terrones L. Awards are awarded
to provide financial support to students
from Latin American countries who are
pursuing graduate studies for an M.Sc. or
Ph.D. degree in the United States or Can-
ada. This year there was no recipient.
The Timothy Nutt Fund provides finan-
cial support for geology students and
young economic geologists located in
Zimbabwe and in southern Africa. Funds
of US$10,000 are being made available
for the support of students attending the
35th IGC meeting in Cape Town, South
Africa, September 2016.
The Society of Economic Geologists
Canada Foundation (SEGCF) Fund sup-
ports research by Canadian or non-Ca-
nadian students on mineral deposits or
districts in Canada or elsewhere. This
year the SEGCF funded, in CAN$, the
following 17 recipients:
M Charles Beard, $3,290, McGill Uni-
versity, Canada, Ph.D.; Fingerprints
of rare metal enrichment in alkaline
igneous systems, as recorded by
aegirine-pyroxene
M Matthew Bodnar, $4,000, Univer-
sity of British Columbia, Canada,
M.Sc.; Modeling surface geochemical
responses in in vegetation and soil
within transported overburden above
a VMS deposit
M Justin Drummond, $800, Queen’s
University, Canada, Ph.D.; Geo-
chemistry and diagenesis of ground-
water calcrete, Western Australia:
Implications for calcrete-hosted U
mineralization
M Alonso Encina, $3,000, Universidad
de Chile, Chile, B.Sc. (H); Develop-
ment of new technology for explo-
ration of precious metals deposit:
Application of portable fluid-inclusion
crushing-stage
M Carter Grondahl, $5,000, University
of Toronto, Canada, Ph.D.; The metal
and volatile evolution of ore-forming
magmas associated with magmatic-hy-
drothermal ore deposits
M Shane Higbee, $1,100, Acadia Uni-
versity, Canada, M.Sc.; Understanding
interactions between partial digestion
reagents and soil mineral matrices in
exploration geochemistry
45
M Halley Keevil, $2,300, Colorado
School of Mines, USA, Ph.D.; The
White Mountain Au deposit, Jilin
Province, northeastern China:
Defining ore controls in an enigmatic
breccia-hosted Au deposit
M Nikolett Kovacs, $2,700, Univer-
sity of British Columbia, Canada,
M.Sc.; Geological investigation of the
Carmacks Copper Cu-Au-Ag oxide
deposit, west-central Yukon
M Mandy Krebs, $3,200, University of
Alberta, Canada, Ph.D.; Impurities,
defects and isotope compositions of
smooth-surfaced diamond
M Yiguan Lu, $4,000, Laurentian
STUDENT NEWS
University, Canada, Ph.D.; Geol-
ogy, mineralogy, geochemistry, and
petrogenesis of the Jinbaoshan Pt-Pd-
(Cu)-(Ni) and Baimazhai Ni-Cu-(PGE)
deposits, Ailaoshan orogenic belt, SW
China
M Ronald Massawe, $2,800, University
of New Brunswick, Canada, Ph.D.;
Petrogenesis of Cu-Ag porphyry and
skarn mineralization in the McKenzie
Gulch area, NB, Canada
M Brian McNulty, $5,000, University of
Tasmania, CODES, Australia, Ph.D.;
High-resolution CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb
zircon dating to resolve the timing of
ore horizons in the Myra Falls VHMS
district, BC, Canada
M Rebecca Paisley, $2,600, McGill Uni-
versity, Canada, Ph.D.; A geochemical
approach to constraining magmatic
degassing in rhyolitic systems
M Laurence Pryer, $3,800, University
of Alberta, Canada, Ph.D.; Using the
igneous record of the Selwyn Basin,
central Yukon, to identify Cretaceous
delamination driven regional exhuma-
tion and the effect of delamination on
regional mineralization
M Fabien Rabayrol, $1,250, University
of British Columbia, Canada, Ph.D.;
Tectono-magmatic evolution of the
Anatolian-Tauride metallogenic belt,
Turkey
M Shane Rich, $4,000, University of
British Columbia, Canada, M.Sc.; Geo-
chemical mapping of the Deerhorn
Cu-Au porphyry deposit and associ-
ated alteration through transported
overburden
M Yujian Wang, $5,000, Laurentian
University, Canada, Ph.D.; Ultramaf-
ic-mafic inclusions located in contact
sublayer and implications for Ni-Cu-
PGE mineralization in Sudbury Igne-
ous Complex, Canada 1
 46 SEG NEWSLETTER No 106 • JULY 2016

SEG Bolivia Student Chapter Field Course

Quechisla District, Bolivian Tin Belt
April 23–28, 2016
Dr. Stewart D. Redwood (SEG 1992 F)
The fourth annual Bolivian field course organized
by the Colegio de Geologos de Bolivia (CGB, Boliv-
ian Geological Society) and the SEG Bolivia Student
Chapter was held in the Quechisla district of southern
Bolivia. Participants came from Bolivia (39) and Argen-
tina (10), plus three instructors: Stewart Redwood (SEG
1992 F), Kevin Heather, SEG Honorary Lecturer (SEG
1998 F), and Osvaldo Arce (SEG 2008 F). The course
was based at the state-mining company COMIBOL’s
Telamayu mine camp at Atocha, in southern Bolivia.
STUDENT NEWS

Ing. Hernán Reyonoso of COMIBOL coordinated

the stay and the mine visits. The group visited the
Choroma silver mine, the Animas-Siete Suyos tin-silver
mine, the Chorolque tin mine, and the Tasna tin-
tungsten-bismuth-copper-gold-silver mine (the world’s
only primary bismuth deposit). Field trip participants pose at the Rosario adit at the Tasna mine.

Escuela Politécnica Nacional Student Chapter

Activities
In April, César E. Aguirre (SEG 2006 F), the Regional Vice President
Lecturer for 2016, visited SEG Student Chapter Escuela Politécnica
Nacional - Quito on April 14, 2016, where he give the talk entitled
“The exploration process, from generation to discovery.”
From March 16 to March 19, 2016, the SEG Student Chapter
visited the Fruta del Norte Au-Ag deposit and Mirador porphyry
deposit. Participants included 15 students and 3 professors. The
SEG Stewart R. Wallace Fund provided support for the trip.
Luis Miguel Navarrete, Student Chapter President

César Aguirre with SEG Student Chapter members.

Field trip participants at the Mirador

deposit, Ecuador.

Petrographic Consultants International, Inc.

Paula Hansley, Geologist

720-890-2628
plhansley@gmail.com
545 W. Fir Way
Louisville, CO 80027

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No 106 • JULY 2016 SEG NEWSLETTER 47

Montanuniversitaet Leoben Student Chapter

Raman Spectrometer Short Course
The SEG Student Chapter organized its third short course April
12–15, 2016. The focus was on Raman spectrometers, and lectures
were followed by two days of extensive practical exercises. This
latter part included an introduction to using Raman spectrom-
eters. Two major producers of this equipment, Horiba Scientific
and Renishaw, took part, giving demonstrations with participants’
samples. Thirty-nine participants listened to talks by 7 lecturers.
Social activities and an optional field trip to the Styrian Erzberg
rounded out the successful event.

Field Trip to
Slovenia

STUDENT NEWS
In March 2016 a
group of 15 students
and 3 professors from
Montanuniversität
A Horiba representative demonstrates a modern Raman spectrometer
Leoben visited the
using a participant’s samples.
Mežica Pb-Zn mine
and the Velenje coal
mine in Slovenia. In addition to providing economic value, the Mežica deposit also
hosts world-class deposits for collectors of wulfenite (PbMoO4). Velenje is Europe´s
biggest underground coal mine with 4 Mt production per year, which provides 30%
Hunting large wulfenite crystals inside the Pb/Zn of Slovenia’s electricity. The trip was financed by participating students and the SEG
ore, following a fault. Stewart R. Wallace Fund.

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• e-doc files
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 48
Notice: Views expressed in the Exploration Reviews do not necessarily reflect those of the Society of Economic
Geologists, Inc., and columnists are solely responsible for ascertaining that information in this section is correct.
To read additional Exploration Reviews for individual countries, please log in at www.segweb.org/newsletter.
ALASKA
Regional Correspondent:
Curtis J. Freeman (SEG 1996)
Avalon Development Corp.
P.O. Box 80268
Fairbanks, AK 99708
Phone: 907-457-5159, Fax: 907-455-8069
E-mail: avalon@avalonalaska.com
Website: www.avalonalaska.com
As in the past, the state of the world’s
exploration industry was summarized
in SNL Metals & Mining’s annual Cor-
porate Exploration Strategies publication,
recently released at the Prospectors and
Developers Association of Canada con-
EXPLORATION REVIEWS
vention in Toronto. Not surprisingly,
it painted a grim picture of 2015, the
worst year for exploration since 2009.
The statistics indicate that worldwide
exploration expenditures declined a
further 19% to $9.2 billion, compa-
red to $11.4 billion in 2014 and a far
cry from record expenditures of $21.5
billion in 2012. The double whammy
of commodity prices decreasing since
2011 and decreasing exploration bud-
gets since 2012 has left the exploration
industry on life support around the
globe. Producing companies continue
to fight falling average grades, falling
commodity demand, and sharehol-
der pressure for leaner, more efficient
organizations—all of which required
cuts in exploration spending, down
18% in 2015, the third straight year the
majors have cut exploration spending.
The recent upturn in metals prices
has improved mine operation econo-
mics, but a full recovery is still in the
future. In the junior sector, exploration
spending was down a whopping 26%
in 2015—this after an even bigger drop
of 29% in 2014. The desire for less risky
exploration (more successful explora-
tion) increased near-mine exploration
SEG NEWSLETTER
EXPLORATION REVIEWS
to 34% of total exploration in 2015,
with grassroots exploration accounting
for only 29% of total spending and
advanced stage exploration pulling in
37%. On a commodity basis, all of the
major metals saw reduced exploration
in 2015, raising concerns about future
production from a project pipeline that
has fewer and fewer new projects in
it. Gold-directed exploration fell 14%,
platinum fell 33%, and uranium fell
34% year on year. Here in Alaska, we
have not been immune and my crystal
ball is tracking only two dozen active
Alaskan exploration projects with
announced and estimated budgets that
are now pushing the $60 million mark
for combined 2016 exploration expen-
ditures. A resurgence in interest and
improved budget allocations in the last
60 days are likely to push that number
into the $75 million or better range,
similar to where it was in 2015. Despite
all the gloom and doom, Alaska did
well in the recent Fraser Institute “Sur-
vey of Mining Companies, 2015”—a
fact we all hope will be remembered in
the coming months. We placed second
of 109 jurisdictions worldwide behind
Western Australia in the Mineral Poten-
tial Index (using best management
practices), and sixth in the Investment
Attractiveness Index, behind West-
ern Australia, Saskatchewan, Nevada,
Ireland, and Finland. Although Alaska
rose in the Policy Potential Index about
10 percentile points over its ranking
in 2014, we still placed a disappoint-
ing twenty-third. However, if history
is any gauge of the future, the mining
industry is willing to take increased
risk if the potential for significant new
mineral discoveries exists. And such
discoveries cannot occur unless, like
Alaska, a jurisdiction’s mineral endow-
ment is topflight.
No 106 • JULY 2016
AUSTRALASIA
Regional Correspondent:
Russell Meares (SEG 1996)
Malachite Resources Limited
Sydney, Australia
E-mail: rmeares@malachite.com.au
Website: www.malachite.com.au
With contributions from:
Roger Thomson (SEG 1983) –
Western Australia
Lucy Chapman (SEG 2000) – Queensland
Andrew McNeill (SEG 2007) – Tasmania
Tony Christie (SEG 1992) – New Zealand
Andrew Rowett – South Australia
Steve Russell (SEG 2009) – NT
Brigitte Crowe – NSW
Tyler Lamb – Victoria
SUMMARY
As many readers of this column would
be aware, of the all the Australian states
and territories, Western Australia (WA)
is the current powerhouse of Austra-
lian gold production, and exploration
discoveries there seem to occur on a
daily basis. Consequently, it is refresh-
ing to report some bonanza-grade gold
intersections at Newmarket Gold’s
Fosterville gold mine near Bendigo in
central Victoria. Drilling to delineate
the extensions to the lode system is
underway, with best intersections on
the Eagle Fault section showing visible
gold and including 12.5 m at 500.7 g/t
Au and 19.0 m at 112.2 g/t Au! The Fos-
terville underground mine was opened
in 2005, and since then over 1 Moz of
gold has been produced from refractory
sulfide ores using the Biox technique—
one of only 10 Biox plants operating in
the world.
Historically, Victoria was the domi-
nant gold-producing state until over-
taken by WA in recent years, with
77 Moz produced there (up to 2014)
No 106 • JULY 2016
compared 105 Moz produced in WA.
Of this total, production of a phenom-
enal 22 Moz was recorded during the
Victorian gold rush (1851–1860)—all
by hand mining with very primitive
recovery and mineral separation meth-
ods. A comparison of Australia’s gold
endowment on a state-by-state basis by
the Geological Survey of Victoria has
concluded that at 10.8 kg Au/sq. km
(based on past production figures), little
Victoria punches way above its weight
and leads the other states by an order of
magnitude in gold endowment by area.
Not surprisingly, this interstate
rivalry in mining matters extends to
the exploration sector, with the recent
much-anticipated annual Fraser Insti-
tute survey ranking WA as the top
exploration jurisdiction in the world
(based on a combination of government
mining policy and geologic prospec-
tivity), followed closely by Northern
Territory (7th), South Australia (10th),
and Queensland (16th)—a good result
for Australia.
In the current drought in exploration
capital raising, explorers are increasingly
turning to crowdfunding as a source of
capital, while some governments are tak-
ing steps to help the exploration sector
keep active during these difficult times.
The Australian federal government’s
Exploration Development Incentive
scheme is underway and allows eligible
junior explorers to create exploration
credits by giving up a portion of their
tax losses from greenfields exploration
expenditure and distributing these cred-
its to Australian shareholders, who can
then claim their credits as a tax offset.
This is an A$100M scheme over three
years. In addition, the recent Federal
budget allocated A$100M to Geoscience
Australia (the federal geoscience agency)
for their Exploring for the Future
program to produce precompetitive
geoscience data, which will be released
annually over the next four years. And
finally, in the true spirit of understand-
ing, the Queensland government had
graciously reduced the minimum statu-
tory annual expenditure requirements
on current exploration permits there by
50% for the next two years.
SEG NEWSLETTER
Also see the online version for more
exciting exploration news from Down
Under, which includes a very com-
prehensive report from Steve Russell
covering current resource estimates and
recent exploration news from all the
active Northern Territory exploration
projects.
MEXICO
Regional Correspondent:
Erme Enriquez (SEG 1984 F)
E-mail: ermegeo@gmail.com
MEXICO EXPLORATION
Exploration in Mexico in the first five
months of 2016 has continued to be
relatively slow. The economy is still
recovering and many exploration
companies have abandoned or stopped
their activities. The incentives provided
by the government for companies to
continue operations and exploration are
relatively few, and there is increasing
pressure to keep up mining concessions
and investment in exploration work.
We do not know how far the govern-
ment will act accordingly or how far its
support will aid the recovery of activity
in the country’s mining industry.
For now, the few companies making
investments in diamond drilling in
Mexico include Canasil Resources Inc.,
which, through an exploration contract
with Orex Minerals Inc., is carrying
out a drilling program at the Sandra-Es-
cobar project in the northern state of
Durango. The drilling of phases I and II
has yielded positive results, proving that
silver mineralization is present in the
southeast sector of the project. Signif-
icant results include holes SA-16-009,
which intercepted 30-m true thickness
grading 255 g/t Ag; hole SA-16-019,
which cut 49.2-m true thickness at 205
g/t Ag; hole SA-16-023, which inter-
cepted 40.5-m true thickness at 218 g/t
Ag; and hole SA-16-038 with 26.0-m
true thickness at 156 g/t Ag.
Golden Minerals Company
announced that it has started a 3,000-m
drilling program on the Santa Rosa vein
in the San Luis del Cordero project
49
in Durango, under an exploration and
exploitation agreement signed with the
wholly owned Mexican subsidiary of
Prospero Silver Corp. Silver grades, as
reported by Prospero from previous lim-
ited drilling, averaged between 700 and
800 g/t Ag over a 2.0-m width in the
Santa Rosa vein below historic stopes.
Oceanus Resources Corporation
reported the results from its infill gap
sampling program on the legacy dia-
mond drill core at its El Tigre Property,
northeastern Sonora. These assay results
indicate a broader halo of gold and
silver mineralization than previously
recognized. The wide zone of gold and
silver mineralization, which starts at
surface, may have potential for open-pit
bulk mining.
Azure Minerals Limited continues
to have good results at Loma Bonita
ridge, 300 m east of Mesa de Plata silver
deposit in Sonora. Gold mineralization
at Loma Bonita is hosted in the oxide
zone. Best intercepts have been reported
EXPLORATION REVIEWS
in hole MDPD-007, with 20.0 m at 1.52
g/t Au and 62 g/t Ag; hole MDPD-011
intersected 18.4 m at 1.57 g/t Au and 40
g/t Ag, and hole MDPD-012 cut 48.0 m
at 2.68 g/t Au and 32 g/t Ag.
Riverside Resources Inc. has pro-
vided drill results and an update on
exploration work at the Company’s Taji-
tos Gold project, located in Sonora. Best
results include hole T16-001D with 3.00
m at 1.14 g/t Au, hole T16-002D with
11.10 m at 0.78 g/t Au, hole T16-005D
with 3.00 m at 6.12 g/t Au, and hole
T16-008D with 1.50 m at 6.03 g/t Au.
Almadex Minerals Limited
announced the beginning of a drilling
program on its El Cobre porphyry cop-
per-gold project in Veracruz, with first
results including hole ES-16-008, which
intersected 1.50 m at 109.5 g/t Au and
0.15% Cu, and hole MDPD-011, which
cut 18.4 m at 1.57 g/t Au
to page 50 . . .
and 40 g/t Ag.
 50
. . . from page 49 Exploration Reviews (continued)
NORTHERN
EURASIA
Regional Correspondent:
Alexander Yakubchuk (SEG 1999 F)
Orsu Metals Corp, London, UK
E-mail: ayakubchuk@orsumetals.com
Detailed information can be found at
http://gold.prime-tass.ru
NORTHERN EURASIA
GENERAL
The Russian Ministry for Natural
Resources reported the 2015 results of
exploration and resource renewal. In
the P1 + P2 categories, the new dis-
coveries added 1,245 t of gold, 4,730 t
of silver, and 1.552 billion carats of
diamonds, and in the C1 + C2 catego-
ries, 725.8 t of gold, 1,500 t of silver, 2.1
million carats of diamonds, and 72.8 t
of platinum group elements. In the last
EXPLORATION REVIEWS
10 years, despite significant exploration
expenditures (such as 5 billion rubles
annually from ALROSA), new resources
were completely mined out every year
except 2007 and 2009. On average, the
new resources offset mined commodi-
ties by about 60%. In 2015, the federal
government spent 52.691 billion rubles
on new exploration of all commodities,
which is 17% less than planned. Dia-
monds and bedrock gold resources are
sustainable for 25 to 50 years (2015–40)
at current production.
Also, 49 deposits were added to the
government balance sheet in 2015,
all discovered at the expense of the
license holders. The largest discoveries
or upgrades from P categories include
the following: Malmyzh porphyry
copper deposit in Khabarovsk, with
278 t Au and 5.156 Mt Cu (Amur
Minerals); Albazino gold deposit in
Khabarovsk, with 105 t Au (Polymetal);
Ikan porphyry copper deposit in Amur,
with 57 t Au and 459 kt Cu (Intergeo);
Tominskoe deposit in Chelyabinsk,
with 61.6 t Au (Russkaya Mednaya
Kompaniya); Panimba deposit in
Krasnoyarsk, with 63.7 t Au (Polyus);
Elkinskoe and Elanskoe deposits in
SEG NEWSLETTER
Voronezh, with 479.5 kt Ni (UGMK);
and Koklanovskoe deposit in Kurgan,
with 141.7 kt W and 155.7 kt Mo (OAO
Koklanovskoe).
The number of applications for new
exploration licenses has increased by 2.6
times in 2015, with a total of 746 appli-
cations. During last 10 years, not more
than 25 exploration licenses were issued
annually, on average, whereas in 2015
up to 60 applications were received each
month. As of November 2015, Russia
has issued 1,793 licenses, not funded
by state budgets of any kind. De facto,
exploration work is being conducted on
1,293 licenses.
CONTIGUOUS
UNITED STATES
Regional Correspondent:
Roger C. Steininger (SEG 1978)
COO & Director, Acquisitions & Exploration
NuLegacy Gold Corp.
4790 Caughlin Parkway, #765
Reno, NV 89519-0907
(775) 742-6333
E-mail: audoctor@aol.com
I was in Toronto twice during March,
once at PDAC and a second time to
visit some people in the financial
community. I came away both times
with the impression that times are
getting better. PDAC attendance was
just over 20,000, a significant decrease
from previous years, but those attend-
ing were more optimistic than in the
past few years. Also, I had forgotten the
pleasures of freezing rain and ice falling
off the skyscrapers, which occurred
during my second visit. Talking to the
investment community, there is also
an improved mood for investing in rea-
sonable projects. The danger in writing
this is that the publication date is a few
months into the future, and knowing
that the mood can change quickly I will
keep my fingers crossed that the posi-
tive attitude continues. To emphasize
these points, as noted below, several
companies initiated drilling programs
early in 2016.
No 106 • JULY 2016
Will miracles never cease? A new
gold mine has opened in California.
Golden Queen’s Soledad Mountain
gold-silver mine (Kern County) had
its first gold pour. Klondex continues
successful drilling, which is expanding
the mineralized footprint at both Fire
Creek (Lander County, NV) and Midas
(Elko County, NV). Surface drilling at
Fire Creek and underground drilling
at Midas have encountered additional
gold/silver-bearing veins.
Corvus Gold started the 2016 drill-
ing program at North Bullfrog (Nye
County, NV) with a focus on extending
the high-grade gold-silver mineraliza-
tion intersected in the Sierra Blanca area
during 2015.
Pilot Gold reported initial results
from 2016 drilling at Goldstrike (Wash-
ington County, UT). Significant intervals
of 1+ g/t oxidized gold mineralization
were encountered along the 7-mi corri-
dor of known mineralization. Much of
the mineralization in this Carlin-type
gold deposit is within Tertiary sedimen-
tary rocks. With these results in hand,
they have started a new RC drilling pro-
gram to trace continuous oxide mineral-
ization below and between the historic
pits, and are undertaking core drilling
to obtain metallurgical samples. Pilot
has also commenced drilling at Kinsley
(Elko County) to target higher grades in
and around the old “main” pit.
NuLegacy Gold has initiated a
10,000-m drilling program at Iceberg
(Eureka County, NV). Some of this
drilling will be devoted to targets on its
holdings outside of the Iceberg deposit.
Bullfrog Mines Corp. used the
historic database to outline a potential
gold resource around the Montgom-
ery-Shoshone and Bullfrog pits (Nye
County, NV) that were previously
mined by Barrick. Obviously, drilling is
needed to confirm these projections.
Not all the activity in Nevada is gold
related. There is a lithium staking rush
in Clayton Valley (Esmeralda County,
NV), and several other Nevada dry
lakebeds. A few electric cars can cause a
flurry of mineral exploration activity. 1
No 106 • JULY 2016 SEG NEWSLETTER 51

SEG EVENTS | segweb.org/events

SEG at GSA 2016

September 25–28, 2016 Denver, Colorado, USA
SEG Meeting Coordinator, Garth Graham (U.S. Geological Survey)

Proposed SEG-Sponsored/Co-Sponsored Sessions

T3. Economic Geology of the Extensional Terrains
Alvis L. Lisenbee (South Dakota School of Mines and Technology) •
Zeynep O. Baran (South Dakota School of Mines and Technology)
T4. Geology and Mineral Potential at High Latitudes
Garth Graham (USGS)• Ray Kokaly (USGS)
T5. Magmatic-Hydrothermal Ore Deposits: Metal Trans-
port from Source to Sink
Thomas Monecke (Colorado School of Mines) • Karen Kelley (USGS)
T6. Micro-analytical Techniques in Ore Deposit Research Mark Bultman (USGS – Tucson, AZ) • Mark E. Gettings (USGS –
Katharina Pfaff (CSM) • Julien M Allaz (CU-Boulder)
T65: Precambrian Evolution and Mineral Resources
of the Midcontinent Rift Region: In Honor of William J.
Hinze
Benjamin J. Drenth (USGS - Denver) • Joyashish Thakurta
(Western Michigan University) • William F. Cannon (USGS)
T67: Under Cover: Exploration for Concealed Mineral
Deposits, Mapping Concealed Terranes, and Relating
Crustal Architecture to Concealed Mineralizing Systems
Tucson, AZ)

T7. Mineral Resources for Society: Honoring the Career T212: Multifaceted Approaches to Understanding
and Contributions to Economic Geology of Jean S. Cline Fluid-Fault Interactions in Natural Resources and
R.J. Bodnar (Virginia Tech) • John L. Muntean (University of Nevada, Geologic Hazards
Reno) Randolph T. Williams (University of Wisconsin-Madison) • Elizabeth
Petrie (Western Colorado State University) • Kelly Bradbury (Utah
T9: Rare Earth and Critical Elements in Ore Deposits
State University) • Nick M.W. Roberts (British Geological Survey,
E.E. Marsh (USGS) • Philip L. Verplanck (USGS)
United Kingdom)

SEG Pre-Conference Field Trip

Mineral Deposits and Geology of the Silver City Mining District and
Owyhee Mountains, southwestern Idaho
Dates/Times: Arrive Tuesday afternoon at Silver City, ID, Sept. 20, 2016, depart 9:00 am Saturday Sept. 24
Field sessions: 9 am Sept. 21 through 6 pm Sept. 23
Note: This (SEG) field trip will begin and end at Boise, ID airport (3.5 days duration)
Leaders: Jim Saunders Matt Brueseke Virginia Gillerman
(Auburn U; (Kansas State University) (Idaho Geological Survey;

EDUCATION & TRAINING

saundja@auburn.edu) vgillerm@uidaho.edu )

Description
The Silver City district, located in the Owyhee Mountains of southwestern Idaho, lies ~80 km SSW of Boise. It is best known for the world-class
modern (1977-1998) open-pit low-sulfidation DeLamar Ag-Au deposit at DeLamar Mountain. However, similar ores from War Eagle and Florida
Mountains in the district were just as important as DeLamar in the early mining history of the district. The most extensive study of the ores in the
district was done by Waldemar Lindgren in the 1890s, when he apparently formulated his early ideas about the nature of epithermal deposits.
Lindgren documented the selenium-rich nature of the epithermal ores in the Silver City district, and described for the first time the origin and
significance of adularia in these ores. The geology of the Silver City area consists of a basement of Cretaceous granitoid correlative with the Idaho
batholith, which is unconformably overlain by Miocene mafic lavas that are in turn overlain by Miocene rhyolite flows and tuffs. The paleosurface
in the district is preserved locally and consists of hot-spring sinter. During the early
Registration includes hotel accommodation, all meals, and
underground mining period (1860-1920), principal veins mined were the Orofino local transportation but NOT airfares to/from Boise, ID
and Poorman veins on War Eagle Mountain, the Black Jack-Trade Dollar vein on Early Late
Florida Mountain, and a suite of smaller veins on DeLamar Mountain. Principal ore REGISTRATION: (through August 15) (after August 15)
minerals include aguilarite, Se-rich acanthite, naumannite, and electrum, which SEG Members US$895 US $995
precipitated from dilute solutions at ~180-280°C. High-precision 40Ar-39Ar geochro- Non-Members US$995 US$1,095
nology on adularia in the veins indicates that they formed almost synchronously SEG Student Members US$445 US $495
Non-Member Students US$495 US $545
with host volcanic rocks at 15.4-16.3 Ma.

Visit www.segweb.org/events#16RGSAPRE for additional information

Please note that SEG reserves the right to cancel these events should minimum attendance numbers not be met.
For further information on cancellation policy, event photography, and dietary restrictions, visit www.segweb.org/tc.
 52 SEG NEWSLETTER
SEG EVENTS | segweb.org/events
35TH INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS
27 AUGUST - 4 SEPTEMBER 2016 | CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA
35th IGC TOPICS OF INTEREST IN THE TECHNICAL PROGRAM – THE BIG PICTURE
Organization of the 35th IGC is progressing well, with
the technical program set during the first week in June,
although the schedule of times and venues for presen-
tations and posters will only be finalized by the first
week in July. You can find a list of accepted presenta-
tions at www.35igc.org/Verso/1/Scientific-Programme;
click on the core topics, followed by the theme of
interest. From the theme page, a list of abstracts and
authors is available.
As of this point, there are 4,824 accepted abstracts
from over 5,200 submissions, of which 3,087 are oral
presentations and 1,737 are posters. These are divided
between the three major topics: Geoscience in Society
(31%), Geology in the Economy (24%) and Fundamental
Geoscience (45%). There are 48 major themes, in most
of which there are between three and fifteen major
symposia or general sessions.
Throughout June and July, we will be highlighting
what we regard as technical highlights to different inter-
est groups, so watch for those communications.
There are nine plenary presentations, all of which are
directed at themes of particular current relevance in the
global earth sciences. See the website for more detail,
but the plenaries broadly reflect the ‘flavor’ of the con-
ference. Topics include:
EDUCATION & TRAINING
• Formation of continental crust
• Science and the professions: service to society
• Climate and human evolution
• The mining industry and society
• Shale gas – the technical challenges
• Extraction technologies and the life cycle of metals
• Earthquakes in Africa
• Palaeobiology from fossil bones
No 106 • JULY 2016
Under the core theme, Geoscience in Society, there
are a considerable number of geoheritage and geo-
conservation offerings, in line with the interest that
the GSSA is seeing from the general public in geo-
logical topics. Climate change is a high interest topic
(as predicted!). Communication to the public sector
is addressed, as is mapping of Africa and the world.
Geohazards, engineering geology and environmental
geoscience all have strong support. Geoeducation at
secondary and tertiary level is well represented. There
is considerable interest in professionalism in the geo-
sciences and geoethics. All of these topics are typically
under-represented in conferences world-wide, and any-
one interested in these subjects should definitely have a
close look at this part of the program.
A very wide variety of topics directly related to
Geoscience in the Economy are represented in the
meeting, and coverage goes beyond the typical scope of
pure economic geology. Of particular note is coverage
of the geostatistical evaluation of mineral deposits as
well as mineral economics, topics not normally covered
in general geoscience meetings. Mineral exploration
is well covered, and ore forming processes is a strong
theme. In particular there are sessions on gold miner-
alizing systems as well as the crustal gold cycle. Energy
resources fall into this stream, with four major themes
being coal, petroleum systems, unconventional hydro-
carbon sources, and energy in a carbon constrained
world. Resourcing future generations is a current IUGS
concern, and there is a theme dedicated to that. If
you are an ‘expert’ in a specific aspect of mining and
exploration geology, and would like to learn more about
related fields, 35 IGC is the chance to do so.
The core topic Fundamental Geoscience covers a
wide range of topics, particularly highlighting current
efforts in geoscience research. Well covered themes
include sedimentary processes, basin formation, mag-
matism, metamorphism, tectonics and the dynamic
No 106 • JULY 2016 SEG NEWSLETTER 53

SEG EVENTS | segweb.org/events

35th IGC TOPICS OF INTEREST IN THE TECHNICAL PROGRAM (continued)

earth, marine geosciences, palaeontology, and Antarc-
tic and Arctic geology. There are symposia devoted to
Hadean, Archaean, Proterozoic and Phanerozoic geol-
ogy and time scales.
35 IGC covers a multitude of earth science topics and
is a reflection of the state of modern earth science. In
recent years there is recognition that earth sciences
impact significantly on society and on the global econ-
omy, as well as being fundamental to understanding
the planet we inhabit. This meeting reflects this. And, in
practice, it is nearly impossible to unequivocally cate-
gorize a specific subject or presentation into one core
stream or another. There is lots of overlap. Spending a
couple of hours on the website will be well rewarded.
We invite you and welcome you to IGC in Cape Town!
The Local Organizing Committee

SEG Workshop at 35th IGC SEG Workshop at 35th IGC

Gold Deposits: Economic Geology 101
Their Geology, Geochemistry, and Genesis Sunday 28, August, 2016
Saturday-Sunday 27–28, August, 2016
This one-day course will introduce participants to the disci-
This two-day workshop is for those who want to improve pline of economic geology in terms of opportunities for career
their understanding about the geology and genesis of gold paths and for academic research. A series of short modules
deposits. The course will provide a comprehensive overview on ore deposit topics, prepared by experts in the field, will
of all aspects of the geology of gold ores in arc environ- range from global metallogeny to deposit scale analysis.
ments and metamorphic terranes. Geology, geochemistry,
mineralogy, alteration, structure, tectonics, and exploration
Presenters:
approaches will be covered for the main gold deposit types. Laurence Robb was Profes-
sor of Economic Geology at
Presenters: the University of the Witwa-
Richard J. Goldfarb was senior tersrand (Wits), South Africa,

EDUCATION & TRAINING

research geologist with the 2001-2005, and Director of its
Minerals Program of the U.S. Economic Geology Research
Geological Survey, where he was Institute (EGRI).
employed for more than 32 years.
Judith A. Kinnaird has spent
Stuart F. Simmons is a research
most of her career as a Uni-
geoscientist at EGI-University of
versity lecturer and has taught
Utah and a consulting geoscien-
tist, with >30 years’ experience at University College Cork in
in hydrothermal processes, Ireland as a distance tutor for the Open University in Scotland and
epithermal mineralization, and Ireland. For the last 13 years, she has been at the University of the
geothermal resources. Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, where she is Associate Professor.

Registration Rates: Registration Rates:

Members (R7,000); (US$467) Members (R3,000); (US$200)

Non-Members (R8,000); (US$533) Non-Members (R4,000); (US$267)
SEG Students (R3,500); (US$233) SEG Students (R1,500); (US$100)
Non-member Students (R4,000); (US$267) Non-member Students (R2,000); (US$133)

Approximately R15 = US$1

Register online at www.35igc.org
 54 SEG NEWSLETTER No 106 • JULY 2016

SEG COURSE CENTER EVENTS | segweb.org/events

Senior Exploration Management Course

SEG Course Center | Littleton, CO, USA
November 29–December 2, 2016, 8:30am – 5pm

Organizer: Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)

Presenter: Western Mining Services (WMS)

SCOPE
This four-day training course concerns the principles and
practices of effective mineral exploration management.
The curriculum covers the broad spectrum of technical and
business issues that senior exploration managers typically
face.
Mineral exploration at the strategic scale – the roles of
greenfields and brownfields exploration in development
and implementation of corporate growth strategies
The design and management of exploration programs
and portfolios
The importance of group structure, program design,
process discipline, and effective people management in
achieving exploration group objectives
Opportunity generation including the exploration search
space concept, targeting science and the application of
targeting models
How to negotiate land and minerals access deals,
identify and manage nontechnical project risks,
engage in early stage evaluation of project economics,
and maintain the important social license to operate
exploration projects in varied risk environments
The course format utilizes lecture and workshop and stresses interactive thinking and problem solving. Participants
EDUCATION & TRAINING

work in teams to design solutions for exploration management challenges and present their results to the larger group.

WHO SHOULD ATTEND? This course is fundamental to the understanding of

This course is ideal for regional and country exploration
managers, for senior project managers who are on track
to move into positions of senior responsibility, and for
geoscientists who aspire to senior exploration management
roles. The course is also recommended for commercial
managers who participate in mineral exploration programs
as well as government and academic professionals who
interact with the mineral exploration industry.
complexities in managing and leading exploration
programs in the modern minerals industry. The highly
trained and experienced team from WMS provides tools
to design and execute the different aspects of exploration
strategy and process. All the key topics are presented in
a methodical and systematic way, and enriched with real
case studies. I strongly recommend this course to any
professional explorer who wishes to excel in the business
of mineral exploration.
César Aguirre - VP Exploration Hochschild Mining (2011),
SEG Regional VP Lecturer (2016)

This SEG-sponsored course in November-December 2016 will be the eleventh SEM Course
presentation. WMS has also presented numerous in-house courses, each tailored to the needs
of the individual client.
No 106 • JULY 2016 SEG NEWSLETTER 55

SEG COURSE CENTER EVENTS | segweb.org/events

Senior Exploration Management Course

SEG Course Center | Littleton, CO, USA | Nov. 29–Dec. 2, 2016
FACULTY
Jon Hronsky (BAppSci, Ph.D., MAIG, FSEG)
With more than 30 years of experience in
mineral exploration, Jon has worked across a
diverse range of commodities, including dis-
covery of the West Musgrave nickel sulfide
province in Western Australia. Prior to joining
Western Mining Services (WMS), he served
as Manager of Strategy & Generative Services for BHP Bil-
liton Mineral Exploration and as Global Geoscience Leader
for WMC Resources Ltd. He is chairman of the board of the
Centre for Exploration Targeting in WA.

Steven Bussey (BA, M.Sc, PhD)

Jeff Welborn (BA, JD)
At WMS, Steve’s focus is on framework stud-
Jeff is a co-founder and partner at WMS and
ies, mineral exploration targeting, and project
has more than 40 years’ experience as a min-
due diligence. He has more than 35 years
ing, oil & gas and natural resources lawyer.
experience in mineral exploration. Before
His experience covers a broad range of com-
joining WMS in 2007, Steve worked in a num-
mercial, legal, and risk management matters
ber of senior exploration roles, including prin-
in mineral exploration and mining. He assists
cipal geoscientist for WMC Resources Ltd.
WMS clients globally with commercial strategy develop-
Brad Margeson (BA, M.Sc., SME, FSEG) ment, program design and planning, deal analysis and
negotiation, and minerals and land access.
Brad held several senior management roles
for WMC Resources Ltd. prior to co-founding
WMS in 2005. At WMC, he was global man- Registration (early deadline: November 10, 2016)
ager of exploration projects, leading teams Register online: segweb.org/events#16RWMSSEM
that discovered gold deposits in Canada.
With 35 years experience in the industry, Member (Early / Late) – US$3,200 / US$3,400
Brad’s focus is on exploration strategy/planning, greenfield Non-member (Early / Late) – US$3,500 / US$3,700
and brownfield exploration targeting, and due diligence.

EDUCATION & TRAINING

CURRICULUM

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4

Mineral Exploration Principles, Minerals Access and
Philosophies and Culture Deal Making
Mineral Exploration Strategy, Commercial Risk
Business Planning and Portfolio Management
Management
Mineral Exploration
People in Mineral Exploration Targeting
Introduction of Exploration Introduction of
Strategy Exercise Commercial Risk
Management Exercise
Group Discussion Commercial Risk
Management Exercise
Mineral Exploration
Presentations
Targeting (cont.)
Exploration
Mineral Exploration
Strategy Exercise
Tactics
Presentations
Group Exercise
Feedback, Awards,
and Group Discussion
Wrap-up

Please note that SEG reserves the right to cancel this event should minimum attendance numbers not be met by November 10, 2016.
For further information on cancellation policy, event photography, and dietary restrictions, visit www.segweb.org/tc.
 56 SEG NEWSLETTER No 106 • JULY 2016

SEG MEMBERSHIP NEWS

CANDIDATES FOR 1 FELLOWSHIP

To All SEG Fellows:
Pursuant to the Society’s Bylaws, names of the following candidates, who have been recommended for Fellowship by the Admissions
Committee, are submitted for your consideration. Each applicant’s name and current position are followed by the names of his or
her SEG sponsors. If you have any comments, favorable or unfavorable, on any candidate, you should send them in writing prior to
August 31, 2016. If no objections are received by that date, these candidates will be presented to Council for approval.

Address Comments To
Chair, SEG Fellowship Admissions Committee
SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS • 7811 Shaffer Parkway • Littleton, CO 80127-3732 • USA
Appold, Martin S. University of Missouri, Columbia, Mis- Palermo, Nely Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio
souri: Kevin L. Shelton, Paul G. Spry; de Janeiro, Brazil: Lydia Maria Lobato, José Carlos Sicoli
Carriedo, Jorge Lundin Mining Corporation, Santiago de Seoane;
Chile, Chile: Lluís Fontboté, Jeffrey W. Hedenquist; Porto, Claudio G. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio
Fernandez de Paredes, Luis E. Lima, Peru: Cesar E. Aguirre, de Janeiro, Brazil: Lydia Maria Lobato, Marcos Andre G.V.
Miguel Rivera Feijoo; Conçalves;
Gordon, Paul R. SLR Consulting Ltd., Kilkenny, Ireland: Valencia Moreno, Martin A. Universidad Nacional Autonoma
Kevin W. McNulty, Ian J. Farrelly; de Mexico, Hermosillo, Mexico: Eugene K. Schmidt, Miguel
Lyall, Graeme D. Barrick Chile, Santiago, Chile: François A. Miranda Gasca;
Robert, Robert L. Krcmarov; Windle, Stephen J. Cia Minera Antamina, Surco, Peru: Robert
P. Foster, José R. Arce.

To apply for Fellowship, visit www.segweb.org/pdf/forms/Fellowship-Application-Form.pdf.

Australia; David P. Busch, Argent Min- – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,

The Society Welcomes
The Following
NEW 1 FELLOWS:
Esterio, Harry, Viña del Mar, Chile;
Kingsley, Timothy, Bellingham, Wash-
ington; Kutluoglu, Rory A., North
Vancouver, Canada; Richardson, Jean
M., Waterloo, Canada; Ridley, John R.,
Fort Collins, Colorado; Yang, Liqiang,
Beijing, China; Yang, Zhiming, Beijing,
China; and Zürcher, Lukas, Tucson,
Arizona.
The Society Welcomes
The Following
NEW 1 MEMBERS:
Olawale K. Aromolaran, Osun State
University, Osogbo, Nigeria; Sarah
MEMBERSHIP
erals Limited, Avalon Beach, Australia;
Samantha Caldwell, Independence,
Kentucky; Carlos Canet, Universidad
Nacional Autonoma de México, Ciudad
de México, Mexico; Andrew M. Chater,
University of Guyana, Toronto, Canada;
Biplob Chatterjee, Geovale Services,
Bangalore, India; David Clarke, New-
mont Africa, Elko, Nevada; Michael F.
Cox, Mercury Miner Rocks and Min-
erals, Soquel, California; Robin Davis,
Davis Mine Hydro Services, Tucson,
Arizona; Jonna Deutscher, Thompson
Creek Metals, Victoria, Canada; Dimi-
trina Dimitrova, Geological Institute
– Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia,
Bulgaria; Kristine Dudgeon, Newmont
Tanami Operations, Alice Springs, Aus-
tralia; Walter Allan Dzick, Greenwood
Village, Colorado; Robert A. Eso, VETL,
Lively, Canada; Petyo Filipov, Geolog-
Sofia, Bulgaria; Michael Glendenning,
Jr., Lake Shore Gold Corp., London,
Canada; Jason Peter Holden, Holden
Geological, Blakeney, United Kingdom;
Michael Griffith Jones, Impact Min-
erals Limited, West Perth, Australia;
Carmina O. Jorquera, Barrick Gold,
Santiago, Chile; Alan Robert King,
Geoscience North, Canada; Peter le
Roux, Northern Star Resources Limited,
Bayswater, Australia; Patrick Ledru,
AREVA Resources Canada, Saskatoon,
Canada; Christopher Leslie, CDL Geo-
logical Consulting, Vancouver, Canada;
Yingchao Liu, Institute of Geology,
Beijing, China; Rodrigo da Conceicao
Lordao, Fomento Resources, Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil; Graeme D. Lyall, Barrick
Chile, Santiago, Chile; Connor Malek,
Okotoks, Canada; Carlos Marquardt,
Sr., Pontificia Universidad Catolica de

Bala, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, ical Institute – Bulgarian Academy of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Laura Mateo,
Colorado; Kazadi Banza, Minerals Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria; Juan-Mauri- Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mine-
Exploration Associates, Lubumbashi, cio Florez, BHP Billiton, Katy, Texas; ria, Santiago, Chile; Ilija Miskovic,
Congo; Glenn Boyce, IGO, South Perth, Stoyan T. Georgiev, Geological Institute University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;
No 106 • JULY 2016
Manuela Morales Demarco, ANCAP,
Montevideo, Uruguay; Nicholas A.
Moran, Environmental Tech Sum-
mit, Miami, Florida; Alvaro Munoz,
Santiago, Chile; Paulina Nordfeldt,
Boliden Mines, Boliden, Sweden; Dim-
itar Petrov, University of Mining and
Geology “St. Ivan Rilski,” Sofia, Bul-
garia; Scott Petsel, Henderson, Nevada;
Claude Pilote, Ressources Falco, Rouyn-
Noranda, Canada; Julio C. Porras
Ramirez, LACC Minerals, Sabaneta,
Colombia; Nicholas Ray Potter, Nevada
Division of Minerals, Carson City,
Nevada; Ezequiel Pozocco, Codelco,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Jonathan R.W.
Rodway, Iron Ore Company of Canada,
Labrador City, Canada; Joan Manuel
Rojas, Sr., Kinross Gold, Copiapo, Chile;
Yoji Sasaki, Japan Oil, Gas and Metals
National Corporation, Tokyo, Japan;
Peng Sha, Chinalco Yunnan Copper,
Brisbane, Australia; Ben Thompson,
Arcadis Consulting Ltd., Little Canfield,
United Kingdom; David Alexander
Toni, Resource Potentials Pty. Ltd.,
Mount Hawthorn, Australia; Alex M.
Trueman, Gold Fields Exploration Inc.,
Greenwood Village, Colorado; J.P. Van
den Berg, Minrom Consulting, Cen-
turion, South Africa; Taron B. Wood,
Coeur Alaska, Juneau, Alaska; Gökhan
Okan Yildiz, Teck Resources Limited,
Ankara, Turkey; Xiaojun Zhang, China
University of Geosciences – Wuhan,
Wuhan, China; Zebedee Zivkovic, BHP
Billiton, Nollamara, Australia.
The Society Welcomes
The Following
NEW 1 STUDENT MEMBERS:
Crey M. Ackerson, Simon Fraser
University, Vancouver, Canada; Seto
Adi Prabowo, Padjadjaran University,
East Jakarta, Indonesia; Jeffry J. Aguilar,
Universidad Nacional de San Agustin,
Arequipa, Peru; Leonardo E. Aguirre
Sandoval, Sr., University of Concep-
cion, Concepcion, Chile; Hafizullah
Abba Ahmed, China University of
Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Muham-
mad Sidiq Alamsyah, Padjadjaran
University, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia;
Leonardo R. Alcala, Universidad
SEG NEWSLETTER
Nacional de Ingenieria, Lima, Peru;
Elahe Alizadeh, China University of
Geosciences – Wuhan, Bandar Abbas,
Iran; Guido Y. Almanza Olarte,
Universidad Nacional de San Antonio
Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru; Monica
Alva Acosta, Universidad Nacional
Mayor de San Marcos, San Martin de
Porres, Peru; Juana M. Amaya Rosales,
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San
Marcos, Lima, Peru; Gustavo Emersson
Apaza Quispe, Universidad Nacional de
San Agustin, Arequipa, Peru; Hernan D.
Arboleda Pavas, Universidad Nacional
de Colombia – Sede Medellin, Marinilla,
Colombia; Robin Arndt, University of
Melbourne, Boronia, Australia; Esteban
J. Arrieta Ortega, Universidad Nacional
de Colombia – Sede Medellin, Medellin,
Colombia; Regista Arrizki, Padjadjaran
University, Bandung, Indonesia; Fredy
S. Aymaro, Universidad Nacional de
San Agustin, Arequipa, Peru; Carlos A.
Baez Munoz, Escuela Politecnica
Nacional, Quito, Ecuador; Emmanuel
Barrales, Universidad de Concepcion,
Lago Ranco, Chile; Noel W. Bates,
University of Waikato, Hamilton, New
Zealand; Leonel S. Bedoya, Universidad
Nacional de San Agustin, Arequipa,
Peru; Alan M. Brower, University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South
Africa; Jonico E. Buenavides, Adamson
University, Imus, Philippines; Richard
Anthony Cabana, Universidad Nacio-
nal de San Agustin, Arequipa, Peru;
Connor J. Caglioti, Queen’s University,
Oakville, Canada; Lee Reginald Camp-
bell, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin,
Ireland; Luis Albert Cañazaca, Univer-
sidad Nacional de San Agustin, Areq-
uipa, Peru; Andres F. Cardona
Palencia, Universidad Nacional de
Colombia – Sede Medellin, Medellin,
Colombia; Angelica M. Caro, Universi-
dad Industrial de Santander, Bucara-
manga, Colombia; Gerson G. Carpio,
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San
Marcos, Lima, Peru; Andrea C. Castano
Quintero, Jr., Universidad de Caldas,
Manizales, Colombia; Yuly A. Castillo
Vargas, Universidad Nacional de
Colombia – Sede Medellin, Medellin,
Colombia; Sebastian Ceballos Rincon,
Jr., Universidad de Caldas, Manizales,
Colombia; Godfrey S. Chagondah,
University of Johannesburg, Gwanda,
57
Zimbabwe; Raquel S. Chang, Pontificia
Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima,
Peru; Carlos Changanaqui, Universidad
Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima,
Peru; Omar J. Chavez, Universidad
Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima,
Peru; Konstantinos Christodoulou,
National Kapodistrian University of
Athens, Athens, Greece; Dina L. Chura,
Universidad Nacional de San Agustin,
Arequipa, Peru; Ernesto A. Cofre,
Universidad de Concepcion, Concep-
cion, Chile; Luis E. Condori, Universi-
dad Nacional de San Agustin, Arequipa,
Peru; Alison Cox, University of Exeter,
St. John’s, Canada; Hilda S. Cruz,
Universidad Nacional de San Agustin,
Arequipa, Peru; Mariluz Cuervo
Cifuentes, Jr., Universidad de Caldas,
Manizales, Colombia; Yaniv Darvasi,
Institute of Earth Sciences, Mevasseret
Zion, Israel; Alma C. del Castillo
Londono, Universidad Nacional de
Colombia – Sede Medellin, Medellin,
Colombia; Arturo Diestra, Universidad
Nacional de Ingenieria, Lima, Peru; Jilin
Duan, Chinese Academy of Geological
Sciences, Beijing, China; Ernesto J.
Dueñas, Universidad Nacional Mayor
de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Cristopfer
C. Enciso Ruiz Conejo, Universidad
Nacional de Ingenieria, Lima, Peru;
Jhonatan W. Enriquez, Esquela
Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador;
Shannon M. Evenden, University of
Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Muham-
mad Razy Fakhri, University of
Padjadjaran, East Jakarta, Indonesia;
Carlos N. Fernandez, Universidad
Nacional de Ingenieria, Lima, Peru;
Betina M. Friedrich, Universidade
Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Canoas,
Brazil; Maria Frøystein, ETH Zurich,
Zürich, Switzerland; Juan M. Galarza,
Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta,
Argentina; Andre Antonio Gallegos,
Universidad Nacional de San Agustin,
Arequipa, Peru; Julian A. Garcia Soto,
Jr., Universidad de Caldas, Manizales,
Colombia; Kevin A. Gomez Diaz,
Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria,
Lima, Peru; Darío C. Gomez Lopez, Jr.,
Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero,
MEMBERSHIP
Taxco de Alarcón, Mexico; Yuliana V.
Gonzalez Jaramillo, Universidad
Nacional de Colombia
– Sede Medellin, to page 58 . . .
 58
. . . from page 57 SEG Membership News (continued)
Medellin, Colombia; Juan S. Gonzalez,
Universidad Industrial de Santander,
Bucaramanga, Colombia; Mihaela M.
Grantcharova, Huelva, Spain; Lorena
Rousell Guardia, Universidad Nacional
Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Ana
Maria Guerra Castrillon, Universidad
Nacional de Colombia – Sede Medellin,
Medellin, Colombia; Asuncion V.
Guillen, Universidad Nacional Mayor
de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Nilay
Gulyuz, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi,
Ankara, Turkey; Hamdanillah, Padjad-
jaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia;
Ayrton Hamilton, University of
Auckland, Whenuakite, New Zealand;
Alexander H. Harpur, University of
Waikato, Te Awamutu, New Zealand;
Juan P. Henao Gomez, Universidad
Nacional de Colombia – Sede Medellin,
Marinilla, Colombia; Chloe K. Hourn-
Smith, University of Adelaide, Adelaide,
Australia; Frankz G. Huaira, Universi-
dad Nacional de Ingenieria, Lima, Peru;
Rosie Hughes, University of Waikato,
Hamilton, New Zealand; Rosmery S.
Infa, Universidad Nacional de San
Agustin, Arequipa, Peru; Jacob Kaavera,
Botswana International University of
Science and Technology, Maun,
Botswana; Marina Karaevangelou,
National and Kapodistrian University of
Athens, Athens, Greece; Tebogo
Kelepile, Botswana International
University of Science and Technology,
Palapye, Botswana; Aleseng Khaphesia,
Botswana International University of
Science and Technology, Gaborone,
Botswana; Eirini Koumoutsea, Univer-
sity of Athens, Athens, Greece; Lillian
Krosse, California Polytechnic Univer-
sity, San Luis Obispo, California; Kevin
Kuang, University of Melbourne,
Reservoir, Australia; Armando C. Landa
Ferrel, Universidad Nacional Mayor de
San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Mayra A.
Larios Benavides, Universidad Nacional
de Colombia – Sede Medellin, Medellin,
Colombia; Cinthia Carina Lazaro Paz,
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
MEMBERSHIP
Mexico, Xochimilco, Mexico; Douglas
H. Leaes, Universidad Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil;
Ryan Lee, University of Waikato,
SEG NEWSLETTER
Thames, New Zealand; Victor M. Leon
Diaz, Universidad Nacional de Colom-
bia – Sede Medellin, Medellin, Colom-
bia; Diego G. Leon Quispe, Universidad
Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima,
Peru; Lisa Lesar, Colorado School of
Mines, Golden, Colorado; Amantle S.
Lesego, Botswana International Univer-
sity of Science and Technology, Palapye,
Botswana; Mothusi Lethola, Botswana
International University of Science and
Technology, Gaborone, Botswana; Brian
Lew, University of Melbourne, Port
Melbourne, Australia; Kairan Liu, James
Cook University, Townsville, Australia;
Karen P. Lopez Montenegro, Universi-
dad Nacional de Colombia – Sede
Medellin, Medellin, Colombia; Mauro
D. Luis, Universidad Nacional de Salta,
Salta, Argentina; Eduardo A. Lupaca,
Universidad Nacional de San Agustin,
Arequipa, Peru; Dalfi Lutfiyanti,
Padjadjaran University, Sumedang,
Indonesia; Jacob S. Lybrook, Fort Lewis
College, Durango, Colorado; Diego S.
Lyra, Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil;
Luke Mahoney, University of Mel-
bourne, Parkville, Australia; Alex Y.
Mamani Meza, National University of
San Antonio Abad of Cusco, Cusco,
Peru; Robin Mann, Saint Mary’s
University, Halifax, Canada; Guiler
Franz Marcelo, Universidad Nacional
Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Juan
Jesus Martinez, Jr., Universidad
Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima,
Peru; Oscar E. Martinez, Universidad
Nacional de Salta, Salta; Md Fathan
Mauludin, Padjadjaran University,
Bandung, Indonesia; Charmaine
McGregor, University of Western
Australia, Crawley, Australia; Victor
Hugo Medina, Sr., Universidad Nacio-
nal Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru;
Kadima Mejia, Universidad Nacional de
San Agustin, Arequipa, Peru; Lenny Y.
Mejia, Universidad Industrial de
Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia;
William Miguel, Universidad Nacional
de Ingenieria, Lima, Peru; Leonardo
Mojica Silva, Universidad de Caldas,
Manizales, Colombia; Thuto Mokatse,
Botswana International University of
No 106 • JULY 2016
Science and Technology, Palapye,
Botswana; Carlos D. Montero Soto,
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
– Sede Medellin, Medellin, Colombia;
Cristian A. Montoya Norena, Jr.,
Universidad de Caldas, Manizales,
Colombia; Gustavo Moraga, Sr.,
University of Concepcion, Concepcion,
Chile; Marvin Mosquera Palacios,
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
– Sede Medellin, Medellin, Colombia;
Olemogile Mosu, Botswana Interna-
tional University of Science and Tech-
nology, Orapa, Botswana; Andrea J.
Motta Pascuas, Universidad Nacional
de Colombia – Sede Medellin, Medellin,
Colombia; Thatayaone Mphengula,
Botswana International University of
Science and Technology, Gaborone,
Botswana; Yamtan R. Nagata, Universi-
dad Nacional de Ingenieria, Lima, Peru;
Arantxa Naidoo, University of Witwa-
tersrand, Alberton, Gauteng, South
Africa; Urenia Navarro Sanchez,
Univeridad Nacional Autonoma de
Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico;
Isadora de Luca Nedel, UFRGS, Porto
Alegre, Brazil; Craig R.P. Nicolay,
Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich,
Germany; Sida Niu, James Cook
University, Townsville, Australia;
Williams P. Ormaza Nieto, Escuela
Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador;
Jarold Orna, Universidad Nacional de
Ingenieria, Lima, Peru; Yury M. Ortiz,
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San
Marcos, Lima, Peru; Szabolcs Osvath,
Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark;
Jack Riemann Pacheco, Universidad
Nacional de Ingenieria, Lima, Peru; Jose
L. Pacheco, Universidad Nacional de
Ingenieria, Lima, Peru; Sergio Jesus
Panduro, Universidad Nacional Mayor
de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Carmen
Patino, Universidad Nacional de San
Agustin, Arequipa, Peru; Sergio Paucar,
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San
Marcos, Lima, Peru; Andrew J. Pearn,
Cambourne School of Mines, Milford
Haven, United Kingdom; Geraldine S.
Peralta, Universidad Nacional de San
Agustin, Arequipa, Peru; Ismena Y.
Peralta, Universidad Nacional de San
Agustin, Arequipa, Peru; Danny M.
No 106 • JULY 2016
Perez, Escuela Politecnica Nacional,
Quito, Ecuador; William R. Perez,
Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria,
Lima, Peru; Kamogelo L. Phatsimo,
Botswana International University of
Science and Technology, Serowe,
Botswana; Flavio Pinto, Universidad
Nacional de San Agustin, Arequipa,
Peru; Emmanuel Posada Lopez,
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
– Sede Medellin, Medellin, Colombia;
Dimas I. Putranto, Padjadjaran Univer-
sity, Bandung, Indonesia; Sara Quintero
Ferrero, Jr., Universidad de Caldas,
Manizales, Colombia; Medalit G.
Quispe, Universidad Nacional de San
Agustin, Arequipa, Peru; Nelson
Quispe, Universidad Nacional de San
Agustin, Arequipa, Peru; Resego M.
Radinoga, Botswana International
University of Science and Technology,
Lobatse, Botswana; Goabaone J.
Ramatlapeng, Botswana International
University of Science and Technology,
Palapye, Botswana; Carlos Andrés A.
Ramirez Cardenas, Universidad
Nacional de Colombia – Sede Medellin,
Bello, Colombia; Emanuel L. Ramos,
Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta,
Argentina; Hervé Rezeau, University of
Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Tomy A.
Rivai, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-shi,
Japan; Rosemberg D. Rodriguez
Gomez, Sr., Universidad de Caldas,
Manizales, Colombia; Frank D. Romero
Tovar, Universidad Nacional de Colom-
bia – Sede Medellin, Medellin, Colom-
bia; Sohrab Rustami, Kyushu
University, Fukuoka, Japan; Maria
Salamanca, Universidad Industrial de
Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia;
Alex F. Sanchez, Universidad Nacional
de San Agustin, Arequipa, Peru; Martin
K. Semadi, Botswana International
University of Science and Technology,
Maunatlala, Botswana; Susanne
Sjöberg, Stockholm University, Stock-
holm, Sweden; William D. Smith,
University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth,
United Kingdom; Polo A. Soriano,
Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta,
Argentina; Dennis Sugiono, University
of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia;
Jose E. Sullo, Universidad Nacional de
San Agustin, Arequipa, Peru; Damon J.
Symons, University of Melbourne,
Flemington, Australia; Claudine Yvette
SEG NEWSLETTER 59
A. Talaran, Adamson University, Annandale, Australia; Thomas Watson,
Manila, Philippines; Sullivan Ter- Queensland University of Technology,
blanche, University of Johannesburg, Deagon, Australia; Jonas H. Weschen-
Johannesburg, South Africa; Sebastian felder, Universidade Federal do Rio
Franco Tito, Universidad Nacional de Grande do Sul, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil;
Salta, Salta, Argentina; Portia Venaro Harry West, Macquarie University,
Tjitunga, Jr., Botswana International Sydney, Australia; Gabriel West-
University of Science and Technology, away-Heaven, Imperial College
Maun, Botswana; Jose M. Toribio, London, London, United Kingdom;
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Jackson H. White, University of
Marcos, Lima, Peru; Enrique Tovar, Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand;
Universidad Nacional de San Agustin, Andrew Wilson, University of Mel-
Arequipa, Peru; Panagiotis Tsalkitzis, bourne, Melbourne, Australia; Soelena
University of Athens, Ios Kyklades, A. Wood, James Cook University,
Greece; Mariela Valencia Bautista, Annandale, Australia; Dimitris Xypni-
Universidad Nacional de San Antonio tos, National Kapodistrian University of
Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru; Violeta Athens, Athens, Greece; Milton M.
Vaseva, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Yagua, Universidad Nacional de San
Estefany Velandia, Universidad Agustin, Arequipa, Peru; Odalicia C.
Industrial de Santander, Piedeovesta, Yaulli, Universidad Nacional de San
Colombia; Gustavo A. Velarde, Univer- Agustin, Arequipa, Peru; Pamela
sidad Nacional de San Agustin, Areq- Estefani Yupa, Universidad Nacional
uipa, Peru; Julian E. Velez Alvarez, de Ingenieria, Lima, Peru; Brian
Universidad Nacional de Colombia Zamorano Cuervo, Jr., Universidad de
– Sede Medellin, Medellin, Colombia; Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; David
Yenefer I. Villaneuva, Universidad Zapata Valencia, Universidad Nacional
Nacional de Ingenieria, Lima, Peru; de Colombia – Sede Medellin, Medellin,
John Wardell, James Cook University, Colombia. 1
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60 SEG NEWSLETTER No 106 • JULY 2016

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No 106 • JULY 2016 SEG NEWSLETTER 61

personal notes & news

C A R E E R - R E L A T E D C H A N G E S

M. Stephen Enders (SEG 1981 F) has
been appointed Interim Department
Head of the Department of Geology and
Geological Engineering at the Colorado
School of Mines.
T. Campbell McCuaig (SEG 1999 F) is
leaving the University of Western Aus-
tralia to take up a position with BHP Bil-
liton, where he will lead a new internal
Geoscience Centre of Excellence.
Barton J. Suchomel (SEG 1987 F) has
been named Vice President Americas
Exploration for Newcrest Mining.

D E A T H

Celebration of Life for Richard W. Hutchinson

On May 7th a celebration of life was held in Golden,
Colorado, to honor Dr. Richard W. Hutchinson (SEG
1960 SF; SEG President 1983, d. 2/21/16). What started
out as an idea to gather a few of Dick’s students and
friends from the Colorado School of Mines ended up
as a remarkable celebration with 85 people attending
from throughout Canada and the United States. This
included many of his students from the University of
Western Ontario, students, friends, and faculty from
CSM, with his second daughter, Lee, and her family
representing the Hutchinsons. It was a fitting tribute
to an amazing man who devoted his life to economic
geology. Dick’s career had three main phases, starting
as an industry geologist for about a decade, followed by
two decades of teaching at UWO, and another decade
teaching at CSM. This, combined with his friendly,
outgoing personality afforded him the opportunity
to build an enormous network around the world. The
celebration included tributes from Dick’s daughter and
several former students, readings from Dick’s autobiog-
raphy (see Rockhound at www.blurb.com), stories and
memorabilia from Dick’s field trips, and Robert Service’s
and other more “graphic” poems written by students.
John Larson gave a rousing rendition of The Cobalt Song,
followed by video footage of Dick performing many of
his favorite songs.
We also discussed various fund-raising initiatives,
which fall into several categories: (1) contributions to
the SEG Foundation General Fund to benefit student
programs (see SEGF Presidential Perspective column,
p. 8), (2) a Special Publication (SEG) dedicated to Dick,
(3) efforts at UWO toward the G. Gordon Suffel teach-
ing collection, and (3) an endowed fund at CSM to
support international field trips.
Contributed by David Kelley,
President, SEGF

MEMBERSHIP

Participants who gathered in Golden, Colorado, on May 7, 2016, to honor the life and career of Dick Hutchinson.
62 SEG NEWSLETTER No 106 • JULY 2016

Send entries to the SEG Office

7811 Shaffer Parkway, Littleton, CO 80127 USA
Tel. +1.720.981.7882 / Fax +1.720.981.7874 /
seg@segweb.org

Date SEG Calendar of Events Date SEG Calendar of Events

Year 2016 Year 2016 (continued)
AUGUST 7–11 IVth International Conference – Modern Information Tech- NOVEMBER 29– SEG-WMS Senior Exploration Management
nologies in the Earth Sciences, ITES 2016 – DECEMBER 2 Course – Littleton, Colorado, USA. See p. 54.
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia. See p. 60.
DECEMBER 4–10 American Exploration and Mining Association Meeting,
AUGUST 17–25 SEG Foundation Student Field Trip No. 15 – Reno, NV, USA. See p. 59.
Porphyry Systems of Central and Southern
British Columbia, BC, Canada. Year 2017
AUGUST 27–28 SEG at 35th International Geological Congress,
JANUARY 23–26 AME BC Roundup – Vancouver BC, Canada.
Cape Town, South Africa: Pre-meeting SEG Workshops
www.amebc.ca
on Gold Deposits (Aug. 27­–28) and Economic Geology
101 (Aug. 28). See p. 53. MARCH 5–8 PDAC – Toronto, Canada. A pre-PDAC SEG Workshop
on gold is planned. www.pdac.ca
AUGUST 27– 35th International Geological Congress (IGC), Cape Town,
SEPTEMBER 4 South Africa. See p. 52–53. JUNE 4–7 FUTORES II (Future Understanding of Tectonics, Ores,
SEPTEMBER 5–9 13th International Ni-Cu-(PGE) Symposium, Perth/Freman- Resources, Environment and Sustainability), Townsville,
tle, WA, Australia. nicupgesymposium.com. See p. 41. Australia.

SEPTEMBER 7–8 Chili Explore Congress – Grand Hyatt Santiago Hotel, SEPTEMBER 17–20 SEG 2017: Ore Deposits of Asia: China
Santiago, Chile. info@cexr.cl and Beyond in Beijing, China.
www.seg2017.org. See p. 25.
SEPTEMBER 20–24 SEG at GSA 2016 Pre-Conference Field Trip,
Silver City, Idaho, USA. See p. 51. OCTOBER 22–25 GSA 2017 Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington, USA.
http://www.geosociety.org/
SEPTEMBER 25–28 GSA 2016 Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, USA. See p. 51.
DECEMBER 3–9 American Exploration and Mining Association Meeting
SEPTEMBER 25–28 SEG 2016: Tethyan Tectonics and Metallogeny,
2017, Spokane, Washington, USA. www.miningamerica.org
in Çeşme, Turkey. www.seg2016.org.
See p. 27–37.
Date Other Events
OCTOBER 16–19 XVIII Congreso Peruano de Geología – The Contribution of
Year 2016
Geology to the Economic Development of Peru, Lima, Peru.
See p. 60. SEPTEMBER 7–9 Argentina Mining 2016 – XI International Convention on
OCTOBER 18–21 Short Course on Diamonds and Their Primary and Second- Business Opportunities in Exploration, Geology and Min-
ary Sources, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. ing. XI Economic Geology Congress of Argentina, Conven-
See p. 9. tion Center Salta, Salta, Argentina. www.argentinamining.
com. See p. 41.
NOVEMBER 14–18 11th Annual Ore Deposits Models and Exploration
Workshop – Haikou, Hainan Province, China. See p. 14. OCTOBER 1–7 Ore Deposit Models and Exploration: Base and
Precious Metal Deposits IR-ODEX, Tehran, Iran.
NOVEMBER 22– James Cook University SEG Student Chapter Field www.samanehkansar.com
DECEMBER 5 Trip, Argentina/Chile. For more information, contact
segstudentchapter@lists.jcu.edu.au.

SEG Headquarters, Littleton, Colorado, USA.

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The publications of SEG are published for and on behalf of the membership to advance science and discovery in the field of economic geology. The Society
reserves the right to unilaterally reject, omit, or cancel advertising which it deems to be not in the best interest of SEG, the objectives set forth above, or
which by its tone, content, or appearance is not in keeping with the essentially scientific, scholarly, and professional nature of its publications. Conditions,
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ver y
and Disco
g Science
Advancin

A DV E RT IS IN G I N TH E S EG N E WS L ETTER
ETTER
N E W S Lw e b . o r g
g
w w w. s e

JANUARY 2015

Discovery Discovery Discovery Discovery

Advancing Science and Advancing Science and Advancing Science and Advancing Science and

SEG SEG
0
10100
NEWSLETTER NEW S LbNeEr T T E R
Num
UMBER

NEWSLETTER NEWSLETTER w w w. s e g w e b . o r g w w w. s e g w e b . o r g
www.segweb .org www.segweb .org
00
NUMBER 97 NUMBER 99 NUMBER 101
er 1 100
bNUMBER
APRIL 2014 See SEG
OCTOBER 2014
p. Confe 201 See Call
SEGAPRIL 2015 S JANUARY 2015
See EG Num
ogies Provide orld” Economics of
the Uranium 20
ian Shield: 20
on and
Deep Exploration Technol
32 p. for P 15:
Western Arabian-NubProvince Hydrothermal Alterati
4 for p. 24 15
–4 rence
0“Real-W
Basin, Northern
5 fo The ap detFootprin ts: Copper Deposits
Discovery ion Around Porphyry John H. Dilles, Oregon State
–3
s of the Athabasca
for
the Pathway to Deep
r d ers ing Gold ails 5
Deposit
det
Always King! AetailsRapidly Emerg Geochemical Dispers
Why Grade Is Not
Technologies CRC; ails
of Adelaide, Deep Exploration Commonwealth Scientifi
c SF), Centre for Street, Rossmoyne, WA
6148, Australia,
Saskatchewan: Corvallis, OR 97331,
University Groves (SEG 1973
David Giles (SEG 1981F), CRC; and James Cleverley, Mapping Pty Ltd., 24 Webb Administrative Building,
† †
and Allan Trench and David Scott Halley, Mineral Sciences,104 CEOAS
†

Richard Hillis, Deep

Exploration Technologies CRC Toronto, Ontario, Canada, (CET), UWA, Curtin,
Western Australia Oceanic and Atmospheric North Potomac, MD 20878,
United States
Deep Exploration Technologies Exploration Corporation, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada University, College of Earth,
Organisation (CSIRO), William Kerr, Exploits Exploration Targeting LLC, 21 Quince Mill Court,
†

and Industrial Research Wallis and Associates,

F), Roger M. Tosdal, PicachoEx
†
by higher Cu Roger Wallis (SEG 1984 United States, and Richard
†
2000, largely driven pounds U3O8 Tadesse et al., 2003),
Red Sea
with more than 100 million
0
er 10100
26 years and, by the exploita- been placed into with extremelyINTRODUCTION
Rift
been reduced to just prices, has resulted from actual discoveries have in resources and some and ancient primary a.) Hydrothermal alteration
assemblages
THE CHALLENGE OF
period of
N u mb
2012, despite a sustained grade reserves the discovery of the Rabbit Lake Egypt ARABIA NUMBER
tion of increasingly lower Since production. high grades (up to 19% to page 11The . . .eastern part of what has become gold mining was Saudi ABSTRACT
Minerals in
DEEP EXPLORATION elevated Cu prices, it
had rebounded costs, with globaluranium deposit by Gulf plans to place EAST SAHARA ADVANCED
at higher production Currently, there are no U3O8)—into production. known as the Arabian-Nubian
Shield carried out from the Arabia al analyses combined Illite-chl ARGILLIC
(USGS, head grades October 1968, more than 80 uranium CRATON Whole-rock lithogeochemic SERICITIC INTERMEDIATE
to just 39 years of production since deposits—some -relic fspar
weighted average Cu t, Pharaonic period in Sudan pyroph-alun
any of the other known (e.g., Johnson and Woldehaimano
(SWIR) spectroscopy Illite-chl-smect PHYLLIC ma t i t

e
mineral explo- to 0.7% having at least with short-wave infrared -relic fspar ±topaz spec. he
The long-term global 2013). Growth in production declining from 1.0% discoveries (defined as Arabia, has Egypt, commencing Eritrea EASTERN method for pros-
2003), particularly Saudi provide a rapid and cost-effective
104°W
by strongly EAST ARGILLIC
ration challenge is framed (SNL Metals Economics
Group, equivalent to Northwest Territories 106°W ANS musc
one drill intersection
m, Table 1) been extensively explored
since the 3000 BC, through to WEST hydrothermal systems.
increasing demand (Northey
et
2013). With regard to gold, O over 1 108°W
WESTERN GONDWANA pecting for porphyry-type
greater than 1% U3 8 discoveries of the Roman period Yemen trace metals to average
60°N Py±Cp±
GONDWANA ANS
al., 2014), reduced reserve
inven- dis-
after the bull run of gold have been located in the Athabasca U O
Rae Subprovince 1970s, with numerous Lithogeochemistry detects via Sl±Ga PROPYLITIC
rocks
Hearne Subprovince of commodities and thereafter, with Ethiopia and allows vectoring
deposits of a variety crustal abundance levels
Predominantly Archean
ly contained 14 depos- pounds 3 8 phengitic
tories (overwhelming coveries in the 1970s, Basin, totaling 2.18 billion
“reworked” by
copper, molyb- 0.5 and lithophile elements chl-fspar

0
Predominantly
silver, approximately musc-chl-

er 10100
Early Paleoproterozoicincluding gold, gradients of chalcophile
Tectonism

no
more were Some have Hudsonian rocks ±calc/epid-hem
within deposits discovered its of 20 Moz or more in all resource categories. tantalum, to 0.6 Moz of high- othermal ore and relic fspar

n
strongly affected by
denum, zinc, tin, tungsten, transported by magmatic-hydr are dispersed and

-m
N u mb
2010), 1980s, with up Beaverlodge
NUMBER
than 20 years ago; Schodde, made worldwide in the
Hudsonian Tectonism
extremely high grades,
Nisto
By contrast, the western grade gold produced

agm
Camp
rates had
the at
Map Area
uranium. circulating fluids that
fi ve in grade and CONGO PAKISTAN external
and decreasing discovery 11 in the 1990s, and to 24.6% U3O8 initial
reserve here defined as (Klemm et al., 2001). Of particular use are
alka-

atic
Arabian-Nubian Shield,
Maurice Bay Cp-Py
trapped in altered rocks.
CRATON
of huge size,
Middle
(Schodde,
ult

Stewart Island Fond-du-Lac

of greenfields deposits 2000s. Decreasing discoveryMcArthur River; some are south of the Red such as Mo, W, Se, Te,
Bi, epid-chl
Lake
Current mining
Fa

fluids
in that segment west and lis in sericite and metals

The SEG Newsletter is a quarterly

explora- (Cameco Wavelength of white -act-fspar
rates of greenfields depositsat 650 million pounds U3O8
ke

2013). Global mineral La Rocque

less explora- in the oxides that remain
La

Sea (Figure 1), has received legislation stable

As, and Sb, which form
TANZANIAN MADAGSCAR mica SWIR (2200)
ned by the
e

many are at
Lake
coun-
tion productivity, defi
on

Corporation, 2005); and

Saskatchewan

ck

relatively well explored

McClean of of
Athabasca Basin attention due to a combination region has now CRATON soils. SWIR mapping
Bla
cZ

Roughrider
in weathered rocks and 2210 nm Cp±Bn
discoveries easy- m below tion
tries reflect the fact that shallow depths (<250
Alberta

number of world-class
ni

absorption feature
Mesoproterozoic Dawn
relatively Late Paleoproterozoic to sediments Eagle
until recently, sufficient 2205 nm
to

Lake
including that, afforded INDIA 2,200-nm Al-OH
cost per dis- mines the
Tec

with shifts in
clastic
four large JEB Point
factors,
pH gradients useful for
undeformed
and the exploration to-find mineral deposits surface). However, only and mining legislation certainty to attract
Mozambique 2200 nm
rd

over the last Lake, Key Lake, Belt in sericite define paleofluid
J Zone
largely exploration Cover rocks
bi

Collins SODIC-
covery, has declined surface expression have (McArthur River, Cigar a geologic exploration to Egypt, metal-
ow

center of the buoyant

Midwest A
further clarity. From
Bay
vectoring toward the
Cluff Lake CALCIC
Between 230, 192, and ANS greenstone belts
Sn

we are required
20 years (Schodde, 2013).
Midwest
been discovered, and and Eagle Point at 650,
Camp Rabbit
Unconformity Hosted
Total Tamarack
Nubian Shield Sudan, Eritrea, othermal plume. granite plag-act±epid
the average tech- respectively)
Sue
standpoint, the western Older Precambrian crustbearing magmatic-hydr
now faced with the more 155 million pounds U3O8, 1,680 M lbs U3O8
Maybelle
the 1980s and 2000s, 1000 km porphyry
gold oppor- and Ethiopia, with
River Cigar
is a high-impact frontier
POTASSIC dikes
per dis- task Lake,
nically difficult and costly and three mining camps (Cluff
Shea
global exploration cost
Total Raven/
Creek Basement Hosted West Horseshoe
of >45 Moz discovery biot±Kspar
in real M lbs U O8 Bear
tunity, with discoveries accelerated Shield in

(January, April, July, October) publi-

Lake at 64.2, 570 McArthur
beneath 3 LATE INTERMEDIATE
covery increased by 160% of exploring at depth Rabbit Lake, and McClean last two decades. of significant gold sketch map of the Arabian-Nubian
INTRODUCTION
gold equivalent in the FIGURE 1. Regional-scale Belt, after Johnson
Mann Lake ARGILLIC
terms and, in mature
exploration
barren cover rocks. pounds U3O8, margins and Mozambique are
Zon er

41.0, and 49.9 million and out- resources in both oro- terms of adjacent cratonic epithermal Au-Ag ores
e

magmatic smect±Illite±kaol±chl
She in Riv

Historical gold occurrences

Nex-Gen
Australia, by Porphyry and related
Millennium Gryphon
as The exploration communi- developed.
jurisdictions such respectively) have been
Maverick
abound, there genic gold, including and Woldehaimanot (2003). ore deposits outside of fluids & relic feldspar
ar

the world’s most important

Centennial
cropping mineralization
Virg

2011). pounds
as much as 260% (Schodde, ty’s response to the challenge
Phoenix
While 75% of the discovered developed, to be extensive the emerging giant produce most of the
Patterson
N has been and continues iron and aluminum mines,
Lake
copper been to
Legend
Cu > 0.2wt% (±Mo±Au)
In 1975, the world had of deep exploration has Potash and
Key Lake
been of Au
either are being or have
South
Mines
(probably several Sukari deposit in companies such as Allana the largest producers
61 years giant mining of alluvial gold massive sulfide Cu and Mo, and are
reserves equivalent to . . .percentage is skewed by theRiver, Mines at Colluli
Deposits/Prospects
(1) divert explo- to page 23this in Ethiopia (e.g., Egypt, and volcanogenic known for over a cen-
100
also by South Boulder
80
at its launch during
60

globally. It has been

40
distribution
20
Moz gold), particularly
0
this had coiled tubing drilling rig Additionally, giant and Ag porphyry Cu deposit showing contours of
of production; by 2000, FIGURE 1. DET CRC’s ration effort to McArthur . . .that metals in porphyry Cu to page
kilometres

November 2013. (See

p. 24) deposits at Key Lake, (VMS) deposit styles. in Eritrea. Recently, Stra- to page 13tury cross section of a typical
the DET CRC Annual Conference, only 35% of the
110°W
together with generalized been discovered 12 . . . FIGURE 1. a.) Vertical
and sulfide minerals. Also
shown are generalized
ide.edu.au and Cigar Lake; to date, mines and some deposits, potash deposits have tex and Thani Ashanti a central of hydrothermal alteration
deposits are zoned, with

cation that features a peer-reviewed

Basin, with locations of
il.com,
†
E-mail, david.giles@adela E-mails: di_groves@hotma of Ethiopia by in SWIR instruments.
the 2,200-nm peak measured
†
FIGURE 1. Athabasca in.edu.au in the Afar Depression
ailbox.ch, allan.trench@curt e-mail, rtosdal@gmail.com S
E-mails: williamkerr@neom geology. Corresponding author: See EG
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roger.wallis@sympatico.ca 20
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y det –4
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