Burlal Ay

Argao National High School
Canbanua, Argao, Cebu
THE IMPACT OF INFLATION RATE TO LOCAL VENDORS IN ARGAO PUBLIC
MARKET
ALEXA VINCH O. MAMALIAS
ALLIEZA M. ALBARRACIN
JAMES D. CABAHUG
JED CHRISTIAN C. LAMES
JOHN LLOYD A. GALEOS
RHEA MAE T. BETONTA
APRIL 2023
THE IMPACT OF INFLATION RATE TO LOCAL VENDORS
IN ARGAO PUBLIC MARKET
A Research Paper
Presented to the
Faculty of
Senior High School Department
Argao National High School
Argao, Cebu
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements of the Applied Subject
Practical Research 2
By
JAMES D. CABAHUG
RHEA MAE T. BETONTA
APRIL 2023
APPROVAL SHEET
The research proposal entitled, “THE IMPACT OF INFLATION RATE TO LOCAL

VENDORS IN ARGAO PUBLIC MARKET,” prepared and submitted by Alexa Vinch O.
Mamalias, Allieza M. Albarracin, James D. Cabahug, Jed Christian C. Lames, John
Lloyd A. Galeos and Rhea Mae T. Betonta in partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the
Applied Subject, Practical Research 2, with strand of specialization in Accountancy,
Business and Management has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and
approval for ORAL EXAMINATION.
RESEARCH COMMITTEE
LIEZ C. GONZALES
Chairman
MECHIE ANN LANOJAN ANNIE VI ALFEREZ
Member Member
ARNULFO C. SARNILLO
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ___________.
LIEZ C. GONZALES
Chairman
MECHIE ANN LANOJAN ANNIE VI ALFEREZ
Member Member
ARNULFO C. SARNILLO
Adviser
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject
Practical Research 2.
ELMA M. LARUMBE
PRINCIPAL III
Oral Examination: April 2023
Book Submission:
ii
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted with the purpose on examining the impact of inflation on local
vendors in Argao Cebu. The research tool was a validated survey questionnaire consisting of two
parts. The first part asked about the participants’ personal data: their name, age, and gender while the
second part asked about the current condition of the participants regarding their purchasing power,
product/supply, and stocks level.
There was a total of 40 local vendors who participated in answering the survey. The data
obtained were analyzed, and presented in terms of percentage and weighted mean score, in the form
of tables with plausible explanation.
The respondents with the longest period of vending are those in the span of 16 years and
above. Which indicates 35% out of 100 and a frequency of 14. This is followed by 5 years below and
6–10 years of vending with the same frequency and number of vendors in this given time frame. This
got 27.5% and a total frequency of 11. The year that got the least number of respondents is the 11–15-
year period of vending. This has a frequency of 4 and a percentage of 10%.
A total of 30 out of the 40 respondents, or 75% of the total, are female while 10 out of 40
vendors were male, which represents only 25% of all respondents. The major findings revealed that, a
mean score of 3.19 indicates a slightly positive leaning towards "sometimes" agreement with the
statement. It suggests that some respondents believe that inflation rate has a negative impact on
productivity for local vendors in certain circumstances, while in other cases it may not be as
significant.
Moreover, this suggests that the respondents in the study had a slightly positive leaning
towards "sometimes" agreeing with the statement that inflation rate has a negative impact on
productivity for local vendors. This means that some respondents believed that inflation could have a
negative impact on productivity for small businesses in certain circumstances, while in other cases,
the impact may not be as significant.
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Lastly, the calculated mean of 4.05 suggests that the respondents are evenly split between
positive and negative perceptions of the impact of inflation on profitability which means that inflation
does have a significant impact on the profitability of small retailers. The study suggests that small
retailers who can pass on price increases to their customers are better able to maintain their
profitability despite inflation.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We, the researchers, are grateful for the invaluable assistance of various individuals in
the completion of our research entitled "THE IMPACT OF INFLATION RATE TO
LOCAL VENDORS IN ARGAO PUBLIC MARKET".
First and Foremost, we would like to acknowledge the Almighty God the father, for
the blessings and enlightenment that He gave in order for the researchers to finish this paper
and for guiding the researchers in their decision making while making this research paper.
Families and friends of the researchers, from being there throughout the research
paper making and for supporting them in order for the researchers to be motivated and
inspired to finish this research. Their prayers and belief in our abilities were a constant source
of motivation and inspiration.
To Mrs. Elma M. Larumbe, Hon. Allan M. Sesaldo, and Local Vendors in Argao
Public Market, for granting us the opportunity to conduct this research study. Without their
support and cooperation, this study would not have been possible.
To Mr. Arnulfo C. Sarnillo, for the encouragement, comprehension, and
constructive comments that greatly aided in the improvement of this study. His unwavering
support and guidance were invaluable to us in carrying out this study.
Finally, we would like to acknowledge to those individuals that the researchers failed
to mention, whose participation contributed to the success of this study. Their invaluable
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contributions and cooperation greatly aided us in achieving our research goals, and for this,
we are forever grateful.
DEDICATION
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We are happy to have created a work that we are genuinely proud of, despite all the
difficulties and restless nights we had during the research process. We would want to convey
our gratitude to our All-Powerful God, who gave us the ability, capability, and wisdom to
successfully complete this study.
Our families, who have given us unwavering support and acted as our source of
inspiration and strength when we've felt like giving up, are also honored to receive this
study's joyous dedication. Along with our fellow colleagues who offered us support and
assistance throughout our research journey, we also want to express our sincere gratitude to
our research subject lecturers for their constructive and crucial advice.
We also want to sincerely thank all of the respondents and students who gave up their
time and energy to help us with this study. We would not have been able to complete our
research objectives without their assistance. We sincerely appreciate all of the help and
advice that everyone who helped make this study successful provided.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE Page No
vii
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ABSTRACT iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
DEDICATION vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS viii
CHAPTER
I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE 1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale of the Study 1
Theoretical Background 5
Theoretical Framework 8
THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem 9
Significance of the Study 11
Scope and Delimitation of the Study 12
Definition of Terms 13
CHAPTER
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

14
viii
RELATED STUDIES
CHAPTER
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
Research Design 23
Research Environment 23
Research Respondents 26
Statistical Treatment of Data 26
Research Instruments 28
Research Procedure 28
CHAPTER
IV. PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
29
CHAPTER
V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary 46
Conclusions 50
ix
Recommendations 53
Bibliography 55
Appendices
A. Transmittal Letter to the Principal 62
B. Transmittal Letter to the Municipal Mayor 63
C. Survey Questionnaires 64
D. Computations 72
E. Raw Data 91
F. Curriculum Vitae 119
G. Documentations 125
x
Table 1. Age and Gender of the Respondents
Table 2. Years of vending of the Respondents
Table 3. Weighted mean and interpretation of the current condition of local Vendors
(Purchasing power)
(Product
of supply)
Table 5. Weighted mean and interpretation of the current condition of local Vendors (Stocks
Level)
(Income)
(Productivity)
Table 8. Weighted mean and Interpretation of The Impact of Inflation rate to local Vendors
(Cost of Products/Service)
(Employment)
(Customers)
(Prices)
(Profitability)
Table 13. Data Analysis between Purchasing Power and Cost of Production
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Table 14. Data analysis between Purchasing Power and employment
Table 15. Data Analysis Between Purchasing Power and Customers
Table 16. Data Analysis between Purchasing Power and Price
Table 17. Data Analysis between Purchasing Power and Profitability
Table 18. Data Analysis between Product and cost of production

Table 19. Data Analysis between stock level and employment
Table 20. Data Analysis between product and employment
Table 21. Data Analysis between product and customer
Table 22. Data Analysis between product and price

Table 23. Data analysis between product and profitability
Table 24. Data Analysis between stock level and cost of production
Table 25. Data Analysis between stock level and customer
Table 26. Data Analysis between Stock level and price
Table 27. Data Analysis between stock level and profitability

Table 28 Data analysis between income and cost of production
Table 29. Data analysis between income and employment
Table 30. Data analysis between income and customer
Table 31. Data analysis between income and price
Table 32. Data analysis between profitability and productivity
Table 33. Data analysis between productivity and price
Table 34. Data analysis between productivity and customer
Table 35. Data analysis between productivity and employment
Table 36. Data analysis between productivity and cost of productio
CHAPTER 1
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THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
Rationale of the Study
Inflation is the rate of increase in prices over a given period of time. Inflation is
typically a broad measure, such as the overall increase in prices or the increase in the cost of
living in a country. But it can also be more narrowly calculated—for certain goods, such as
food, or for services, such as a haircut, for example. Whatever the context, inflation
represents how much more expensive the relevant set of goods and/or services has become
over a certain period, most commonly a year. Consumers’ cost of living depends on the
prices of many goods and services and the share of each in the household budget. To measure
the average consumer’s cost of living, government agencies conduct household surveys to
identify a basket of commonly purchased items and track over time the cost of purchasing
this basket
(Oner, 2015).
Inflation is one of the most important macroeconomic variables and the most feared
by the economic actors, including the Government, because it can bring bad influence on the
structure of production costs and the level of welfare. And the wider effects such as
instability, economic growth, the declining of competitiveness, the interest rate, uneven
income distribution and unemployment is increasing. Some of the countries that have
experienced hyperinflation showed that poor inflation would lead to social and political
instability, and did not create the economic growth (Sukirno, 2017).
Households’ nominal income, which they receive in current money, does not increase
as much as prices, they are worse off, because they can afford to purchase less. In other
words, their purchasing power or real—inflation-adjusted—income falls. Real income is a
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proxy for the standard of living. When real incomes are rising, so is the standard of living,
and vice versa. In reality, prices change at different paces. Some, such as the prices of traded
commodities, change every day; others, such as wages established by contracts, take longer to
adjust (or are “sticky,” in economic parlance). In an inflationary environment, unevenly
rising prices inevitably reduce the purchasing power of some consumers, and this erosion of
real income is the single biggest cost of inflation (Oner, 2020).
Commodity prices are believed to be a leading indicator of inflation through two basic
channels. Leading indicators often exhibit measurable economic changes before the economy
as a whole does. One theory suggests commodity prices respond quickly to general economic
shocks such as increases in demand. The second is that changes in prices reflect systemic
shocks, such as hurricanes which can decimate the supply of agricultural products and
subsequently increase supply costs. By the time it reaches consumers, overall prices would
have increased, and inflation would be realized. The strongest case for commodity prices as a
leading indicator of expected inflation is that commodities respond quickly to widespread
economic shocks (Nath, 2022).
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3
The rise in prices of agricultural goods (mainly maize, wheat, soya and livestock)
which occurred during Q2 this year was linked to temporary supply barriers (such as
droughts, insect plagues and livestock diseases), but it highlighted the sensitivity of many
emerging countries to food inflation and the risks that could materialize in the event of a
sustained price rally. On the one hand, the rise in inflation, and in particular in the prices of
essential goods, deals a heavy blow to consumers’ disposable income in many of these
countries (which is already low). In some cases, it can even fuel the risk of social discontent,
as happened in the Arab Spring (2010-2012). On the other hand, these economies’ monetary
authorities do not enjoy the same credibility among investors as the Fed or the ECB, so they
can be forced to act more easily (Serrano, 2021).
Inflation rates rose sharply in the Philippines during 2018. Understanding the demand
and supply sources of inflation pressures is key to monetary policy response. Qualitatively,
indicators have pointed to evidence of inflation pressures from both sides in 2018, with the
supply factors, by and large, associated with commodity-price shocks and demand factors
deduced from gleaning at the wider non-oil trade deficits seen in the Philippines. A delayed
monetary policy tightening can be costly in terms of higher inflation rates, requiring larger
and more aggressive interest rate hikes to bring inflation under control, based on a
counterfactual exercise (Vicek, 2019).
The concern among the respondents on the high inflation rate and the strong
sentiment on the need to better manage inflation is expected because inflation hurts the poor
most, though everyone is adversely affected by it. Given their limited income source, further
reduction in the purchasing power of the poor consumers will indeed be painful as the same
amount of money they earn can only now procure 90,

80 or lower percent, depending on the rate of inflation, on what they used to get and
enjoy. For the middle class who borrowed money from the banks, this means paying higher
interest rates on their mortgages or loans. The main drivers of higher inflation are food and
non-alcoholic beverages (7.4 percent); alcoholic beverages and tobacco (9.8 percent); and
housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels (7.3 percent). Focusing on food inflation, it
was reported that the national average rose from 6.5 percent in August to 7.7 percent in
September. Of the food items, the foremost drivers of higher food inflation are sugar,
confectionery and desserts (30.2 percent); corn (26.2 percent); and oils and fats (20.1 percent)
(Adriano, 2022).
Business leaders remain optimistic that local economic contributors in Cebu will
cushion the impact of the country’s rising inflation and the weakening peso. But they are also
encouraging businesses to implement measures to further protect themselves from the effects
of inflation such as the increase in cost of raw materials. In Cebu, several ongoing
constructions of buildings for offices, malls or hotels as signs of increased economic
activities. Local businesses are optimistic and aggressive in their expansion plans, together
with government efforts on public infrastructure spending. Other factors are the prices of
global crude oil and the weakening peso currency value. Government reported that inflation
rate rose to 5.2 percent year-on-year in June — the fastest rate of increase in prices of basic
goods and services in over five years. For the first half of 2018 alone, headline inflation has
already averaged 4.3 percent, well above the government’s full-year target range of between
2 to 4 percent
As inflation raises the prices of goods, services, labor cost, and even raw materials,
it’s more expensive for you as a small business owner to run your business. Passing these
increased costs on to consumers is a common response and popular way to reduce the need to
absorb the higher prices and cut into your own bottom line. Raising prices also helps keep
4
cash flow stable, as higher inventory costs put a lot of pressure on business owners navigating
these new challenges (Roesch, 2022).
Theoretical Background
The impact of inflation to local vendors in Argao is purposely conducted and is
anchored on the following theories:
1. Market-Power Theory of Inflation
In an economy, when a single or a group of sellers together decide a new price that is
different from the competitive price, then the price is termed as market-power price. Such
groups keep prices at the level at which they can earn maximum profit without any concern
for the purchasing power of consumers.
For example, in the past few years, the prices of onion were very- high in India. The
soaring price of onions was the result of the group action of onion producers. In such a
situation, people in middle- and low-income groups reduced the consumption of onions.
However, onion producers earned high profits from higher income group.
According to the advanced version of market power theory of inflation, oligopolists
can increase the price to any level even if the demand does not rise. This hike in price levels
occurs due to increase in wages (because of trade unions) in the oligopolistic industry. The
increase in wages is compensated with the hike in prices of products. With increase in the
income of individuals, their purchasing power also increases, which further results in
inflation.
Apart from this, some economists concluded that fiscal and monetary policies are not
applicable in practical situations as these policies are not able to control rise in prices levels.
These policies would work only when prices rise due to an increase in demand.
5
Moreover, these policies cannot be applied to oligopolistic rise in prices, which is due
to increase in the cost of production. Monetary policy can reduce the rate of inflation by
raising the interest rate and regulating the credit flow in the market. However, it would have
no effect on the oligopolistic price as the cost is transferred to the prices of goods and
services (Nitishia, 2018).
2. New Keynesian theory
Keynes’s stipulation that nominal wages and prices are often sticky due to
political/technical reasons (think trade unions, menu costs etc.) is integrated into the
neoclassical model (something completely alien to (neo-)classical thought due to its
assumption of atomistic competition). Thus, any ‘excess’ amount of money injected by the
central bank will lead to inflation if and only if that money is used by either the private sector
or the state to buy goods and services. If, by contrast, it either gets stashed away in bank
balances or the state refuses to implement additional fiscal spending, the additional money
pumps up financial assets instead (not the ‘high-powered’ central bank money directly since
these so-called reserves are restricted to banks’ accounts at the central bank, never flowing
into the economy in general, but the additional credit these reserves allow to be created in the
banking sector). Voilà, ‘asset price inflation’, the kind of which we have been witnessing
ever since the Great Financial Crisis in 2008.
Lasting inflation pressure, in this model of the world, might only come from a
completely drained labour market, where employers compete in a bidding war for the few
workers left. In this labour bottleneck scenario, the factor cost of the one basic input besides
capital climbs and climbs, trickling through to each and every price in the economy.
Remember that this is only possible because labour gets paid more than its marginal value
6
product as stipulated by (neo-)classical thought; indeed, the latter could not even accept the
notion of a bidding war for labour since the remuneration of workers is determined not by the
relative scarcity of labour but by its contribution to production which by the model’s
definition shrinks the more labour is employed already (Mankiw, 2019).
Market-Power Theory of New Keynesian theory

Inflation
a single or a group of sellers Keynes’s stipulation that nominal wages and
together decide a new price that is different prices are often sticky due to political/technical
from the competitive price, then the price is reasons (think trade unions, menu costs etc.)
termed as market-power price (Nitishia, 2018) is integrated into the neoclassical model
(Mankiw, 2019)
7
THE IMPACT OF INFLATION RATE TO
THE LOCAL VENDORS IN
ARGAO PUBLIC MARKET
OUTPUT AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Figure 1: Theoretical framework
THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the Impact of Inflation Rate to the Local Vendors in
Argao Cebu. This study seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of respondents in terms of;
1.1 Age and Sex
8
1.2 Years of vending
2. What is the current condition of local vendors?
2.1 Purchasing Power

2.2 Product/Supply
2.3 Stock Level
2.4 Income
2.5 Productivity
3. What are the impacts of inflation to local vendors?
3.1 Cost of Product

3.2 Employment
3.3 Customers
3.4 Prices
3.5 Profitability
4. What sector is highly affected with the inflation?
5. Is there a significant relationship between current condition and impact of inflation?
6. What recommendations can be made based on the results of the study?
Statement of the hyphothesis
Ho: There is no significant relationship between current condition and impact of
inflation.
Ha: There is significant relationship between current condition and impact of
inflation.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to ascertain how the inflation rate has affected the local
vendors in Argao, Cebu. This study aims to provide more knowledge to everyone and may
aid a particular store or other business establishment. The purpose of this study is to inform
persons who are planning to establish a business and evaluate potential factors that could
have an impact, one of which is the inflation rate.
10
By conducting this study, this will eventually serve as an eye opener so that a person
who starts a business could prepare for the possible barrier to the success of a business, since
the focus may shift from deferred rewards to current consumption as a result of inflation.
The following are the beneficiaries of this study:
When inflation begins, Businessman they would have the chance to increase the
prices of the goods or items even if it is old or new stock according to their will. Economists
can benefit from this study since they could gain more knowledge about the concept of
inflation. Even if they are not interested in business, researchers can learn about
inflation. The supplier will do hoarding or they will increase the prices of the items or goods.
That would mean an increase in profit. consumers may be affected because goods may
become more expensive and supplies may become scarce.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
This study is about the impact of the inflation rate on the local vendors in Argao,
Cebu. It focuses on how the inflation rate affects the local vendors in Argao Public Market.
Only the Argao Cebu inflation rate for the years 2021 to 2022 will be studied. This gives a
great backdrop because the patterns of the time were subject to change. The purpose of the
study is to gather information from the retailer or business owner by surveying.
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DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
For the benefit of the readers' understanding, the terminology below should be
operationally defined. The readers will benefit much from the use of the words that follow in
this research study:
Consumer – is the one who purchases the product for his/her own need and uses or
consumes it. A consumer cannot resell the good, product or service but can consume it to
earn his/her livelihood and self-employment.
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Cost-push inflation- Too much demand or too little supply can mean higher prices and
inflation for everybody.
Demand – Demand refers to the consumer's desire and willingness to buy a product or
service at a given period or over time. Demand for goods are remains unchanged during
inflation.
Demand-pull inflation- this is when there’s an increase in aggregate demand, and the supply
remains the same or decreases.
Inflation – Inflation is the rate at which the cost of goods and services is increasing in an
economy. When costs of manufacturing, such as labor and raw materials, rise, inflation may
result. When an economy experiences inflation, money loses value because a given amount
now buys fewer products and services than it did before.
Supply – Supply refers to the quantity of goods a supplier offers to consumers. Supply is the
most affected by inflation. This important because if the money supply grows at a faster rate
than the economy's ability to produce goods and services, then inflation will result.
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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
INFLATION
Inflation is a rise in prices, which can be translated as the decline of purchasing power
over time. The rate at which purchasing power drops can be reflected in the average price
increase of a basket of selected goods and services over some period of time. The rise in
prices, which is often expressed as a percentage, means that a unit of currency effectively
buys less than it did in prior periods. Inflation can be contrasted with deflation, which occurs
when prices decline and purchasing power increases.
While it is easy to measure the price changes of individual products over time, human
needs extend beyond just one or two products. Individuals need a big and diversified set of
products as well as a host of services for living a comfortable life. They include commodities
like food grains, metal, fuel, utilities like electricity and transportation, and services like
health care, entertainment, and labor. Inflation aims to measure the overall impact of price
changes for a diversified set of products and services. It allows for a single value
representation of the increase in the price level of goods and services in an economy over a
period of time (Fernando, 2022).
The research aims to provide a closer look at the relationship between economic factors and
the fertility rate in the Philippines. The economic factors will be based on the models of
fertility written by Davis and Blake in 1956. The researchers used the variables of Gross
Domestic Product, Female Unemployment Rate, Male Unemployment Rate, and Inflation
Rate as independent variables and saw the Relationship of these variables with the Fertility
15
Rate. The results of the regression analysis show a significant relationship between the
variables, with having a positive relationship between (Dequilla, 2022).
Inflation is used as one of barometer tool to measure the health rate of an economy.
Inflation that is too high will decrease the level of social welfare. Conversely, too low
inflation reflects the economy which does not run maximally which impact on slowing
economic growth, stagnant job creation, and increased poverty community.
Based on that, inflation is a macro-economic problem which is very important, in
which the unstable inflation rate is also more difficult to plan for the business world, and does
not encourage people to save, and various other negative impacts that are not conducive to
the overall economy. inflation consists of, first, inflation because of shortage of goods
(natural inflation) and second, inflation because of human error caused by corruption and
poor administration, the policy of excessive taxes which implicates burden of farmers and
number of excessive money (Adiwarman, 2015).
Inflation has been described as an economic situation when the increase in the money
supply is "faster" than the new production of goods and services in the same economy
(Hamilton, 2017).
NATURE OF INFLATION
For almost a decade and in spite of significant efforts, central banks of developed
countries have been unable to reach their inflation targets nature. The reason behind this
phenomenon is the presence of two serious challenges. One of them is the need to understand
the forces that drive the inflation trends of our age. We need to know how these factors
changed compared to previous decades. On the other hand, at the start of the digital
transformation, it is inevitable to ask ourselves whether our present systems allow us to
properly assess the movements in our economies, as well as in inflation. It is only the deep
16
analysis of these two problems and the right answers to them that will allow the decision-
makers of the 21st century to pursue an efficient monetary policy again (Matolcsy, 2019).
Managing medium-term inflation expectations is one of the key monetary policy
objectives to be pursued under an inflation-targeting regime aimed at maintaining a steadily
low level of inflation over the medium term. This level is set as a specific value or as a
narrow range. The anchoring of medium-term inflation expectations, their invariability
despite actual inflation fluctuations) and their being at the level of the inflation target are the
most important criteria for success of an inflation targeting policy. This kind of anchoring
enables a central bank to conduct a more flexible countercyclical policy without having to
respond with interest rate changes to sharp but temporary price ups and downs (Karlova,
2019).
One of the signs of possible cost-push inflation can be seen in rising
commodity prices such as oil and metals since they're major production inputs. For example,
if the price of copper rises, companies that use copper to make their products might increase
the prices of their goods. If the demand for the product is independent of the demand for
copper, the business will pass on the higher costs of raw materials to consumers. The result is
higher prices for consumers without any change in demand for the products consumed
(Koppel, 2017).
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DISADVANTAGES
Inflation is usually considered to be a problem when the inflation rate rises above 2%.
The higher the inflation, the more serious the problem is. In extreme circumstances,
hyperinflation can wipe away people’s savings and cause great instability, e.g., Germany
1920s, Hungary 1940s, Zimbabwe 2000s. However, in a modern economy, this kind of
hyperinflation is rare. Usually, inflation is accompanied with higher interest rates, so savers
do not see their savings wiped away. However, inflation can still cause problems (Pettinger,
2019).
The major disadvantage of the inflation rate is the fact that it represents the lowering
of money's value. This means that inflation rates represent a cut in everybody's net worth
every year that they occur, which is most years. However, there are degrees of inflation, with
similar degrees of disadvantage. Standard inflation can generally be anticipated and
compensated for. However, other forms cannot and have worse consequences (Grover, 2017).
Inflation becomes problematic when the rate of inflation rises above 2 percent. The
higher the inflation is, the more serious the issue is. Hyperinflation can wipe away people’s
savings and lead to significant instability. Think about Zimbabwe in the 2000s when they had
notes of 100 trillion Zimbabwe dollars. Usually, higher interest rates accompany inflation so
that savers do not see their money being wiped away. However, it still has disadvantages,
which include: Fall in real wages, Reduces the value of savings, Uncompetitive economy
(Annes, 2017).
ADVANTAGES
When prices are falling, people are reluctant to spend money because they feel that
goods will be cheaper in the future; therefore, they keep delaying purchases. Also, deflation
increases the real value of debt and reduces the disposable income of individuals who are
18
struggling to pay off their debt. When people take on a debt like a mortgage, they generally
expect an inflation rate of 2% to help erode the value of debt over time. If this inflation rate
of 2% fails to materialize, their debt burden will be greater than expected. Periods of
deflation caused serious problems for the UK in 1920s, Japan in 1990s and 2000s and
Eurozone in 2010s (Pettinger, 2019).
One of the most personal advantages of businesses in the local economy is the boost
in employment in the region. Employment levels influence a range of other standard-of-living
metrics, such as disposable income, home foreclosure rates and new small business startups.
Employing people in the local community can stimulate word-of-mouth advertising for a
company as well, assuming the company treats its employees well enough to get positive
mentions. Local employment also cultivates a sense of community, which can enhance the
brand of a local business (Ingram, 2019).
FACTORS THAT CAUSING INFLATION
According to The Investopedia Team, Economists have identified several possible
causes for inflation. Cost-push inflation is the decrease in the aggregate supply of goods and
services stemming from an increase in the cost of production. An increase in the costs of raw
materials or labor can contribute to demand-pull inflation. Expectations of inflation that
prompt higher wages leading to higher costs are theorized as built-in inflation. Supply or
demand shocks can also cause higher prices, as can lose fiscal and monetary policy.
Inflation is a measure of the rate of rising prices of goods and services in an economy.
If inflation is occurring, leading to higher prices for basic necessities such as food, it can have
a negative impact on society. Inflation can occur in nearly any product or service, including
need-based expenses such as housing, food, medical care, and utilities, as well as want
expenses, such as cosmetics, automobiles, and jewelry. Once inflation becomes prevalent
19
throughout an economy, the expectation of further inflation becomes an overriding concern in
the consciousness of consumers and businesses alike (Boyle, 2022).
Just like with inflation, there are causes and contributing factors for everything we do.
These are the contributing elements and root causes of inflation. One of the signs of possible
cost-push inflation can be seen in rising commodity prices such as oil and metals since they're
major production inputs. For example, if the price of copper rises, companies that use copper
to make their products might increase the prices of their goods. If the demand for the product
is independent of the demand for copper, the business will pass on the higher costs of raw
materials to consumers. The result is higher prices for consumers without any change in
demand for the products consumed.
Demand-pull inflation can be caused by strong consumer demand for a product or
service. When there's a surge in demand for a wide breadth of goods across an economy, their
prices tend to increase. While this is not often a concern for short-term imbalances of supply
and demand, sustained demand can reverberate in the economy and raise costs for other
goods; the result is demand-pull inflation.
Consumer confidence tends to be high when unemployment is low, and wages are
rising—leading to more spending. Economic expansion has a direct impact on the level of
consumer spending in an economy, which can lead to a high demand for products and
services. As the demand for a particular good or service increases, the available supply
decreases. When fewer items are available, consumers are willing to pay more to obtain the
item—as outlined in the economic principle of supply and demand. The result is higher prices
due to demand-pull inflation.
Companies also play a role in inflation, especially if they manufacture popular
products. A company can raise prices simply because consumers are willing to pay the
20
increased amount. Corporations also raise prices freely when the item for sale is something
consumers need for everyday existence, such as oil and gas. However, it's the demand from
consumers that provides the corporations with the leverage to raise prices.
Cost-push inflation occurs when prices increase due to increases in production costs,
such as raw materials and wages. The demand for goods is unchanged while the supply of
goods declines due to the higher costs of production. As a result, the added costs of
production are passed onto consumers in the form of higher prices for the finished goods.
One of the signs of possible cost-push inflation can be seen in rising commodity prices such
as oil and metals since they're major production inputs. For example, if the price of copper
rises, companies that use copper to make their products might increase the prices of their
goods. If the demand for the product is independent of the demand for copper, the business
will pass on the higher costs of raw materials to consumers. The result is higher prices for
consumers without any change in demand for the products consumed (Boyle, 2022).
Demand-pull inflation is when demand for goods or services increases but supply
remains the same, pulling up prices. Demand-pull inflation can be caused a few ways. In a
healthy economy, people and companies increasingly make more money. This growing
purchasing power allows consumers to buy more than they could before, increasing
competition for existing goods and raising prices while companies attempt to ramp up
production. On a smaller scale, demand-pull inflation can be caused by sudden popularity of
certain products.
Cost-push inflation is when supply of goods or services is limited in some way but
demand remains the same, pushing up prices. Usually, some sort of external event, like a
natural disaster, hinders companies’ abilities to produce enough of certain goods to keep up
21
with consumer demand. This allows them to raise prices, resulting in inflation (Schmidt,
2022).
IMPACT OF INFLATION
A small increase on inflation can hurt the capital expenditure and increase the cost of
a production in a company. However, when controlled, inflation can act as a healthy stimulus
for the economy. Larger corporations can handle the effects of inflation while small firms
often take a direct hit. High inflation rates can also have an adverse impact on currency
exchange rates which will eventually result in an export slump (Ibrahim, 2019).
LOCAL VENDORS
Street vendors and market traders are an integral part of urban economies around the
world, offering easy access to a wide range of affordable goods and services in public spaces.
They sell everything from fresh vegetables to prepare
foods, from building materials to garments and crafts, and from consumer electronics to auto
repairs to haircuts (Wiego, 2022).
In developing states of Southeast Asia, street vendors play a significant but frequently
unappreciated role in both the vibrancy of public spaces as well as the informal economy
(Recio, 2022).
Local vendor sourcing keeps supply chain costs at check because the logistics
expenses are limited since goods travel locally. Besides, since there are no shipping or
warehousing costs, businesses can afford to spend more on sourcing quality goods and
services than worrying about supply chain costs burning a hole in their pocket. They can also
solve supply chain interruptions like factory breakdowns, economic changes, and
22
transportation issues locally. All of this saves considerable money, which retail brands can
then re-invest in their processes or use to increase their bottom line
Local vendor sourcing gives brands the flexibility to increase, decrease, or make
changes to material volume units as per demand planning. Suppose a customer suddenly
demands higher units for a product or sees a high demand for one of their products during the
holiday or sale season. In that case, it’s easy to manage production and inventory when the
vendor is placed locally rather than globally (Moore, 2022).
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
In Chapter 3, Methodology contains all the research processes that the researchers
need to use in order to collect the data and information needed for this study. These are the
research designs that will help the researcher determine the appropriate structure for this
23
study. The research environment, in order to determine the location where the study was
conducted. To know the research respondents in this study. And lastly, the research
instrument and research procedure of this study
Research Design
This study observes the impact of the inflation rate on the local vendors in Argao,
Cebu. In conducting this research, the researchers used survey research, in which they
collected information from the local vendors by asking them questions and analyzing the
results. This study utilizes evaluation research since the researchers aim to assess the impact
of the inflation rate on local vendors in Argao Cebu.
Research Environment
The locale of this study is Argao Public Market which is located in Juan Luna Street,
Argao, Cebu. The Municipality of Argao is located in the Southeast of the Province of Cebu.
It is 68 kilometers (42 mi) away from Cebu City. Argao is exactly midway between Cebu
City and the southern tip of Cebu Island at (Santander).

24
FIGURE 2 MAP OF ARGAO

25
FIGURE 3 ARGAO PUBLIC MARKET

26
Research Respondents
The respondents in this research were sampled through stratified sampling. Where
each stratum is one sector making up the market. One strata are meat vendors. Another strata
are fish vendors, grocery, feeds, clothing, toys, vegetables, and things vendors. In every
strata, we then sampled out 5 respondents each. With eight different strata, we accumulated a
total of 40 respondents for our survey research. The researchers gave questionnaires only
within the Argao Public Market.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The following statistical procedures were used to interpret the data gathered from
the respondents of the study.
1. Simple Percentage. The demographic profile variables of the respondents are to be
analyzed using the simple percentage with the following formula:
F
P= x 100
N
Where :
P=Percentage
F=Frequency for each category
N=Total number of respondents
100=Constant multiplier
2. Weighted Mean. This statistical tool will be used for average of the respondents in the
questionnaire in each of the sectors in Argao Public Market assigned by the
respondents during the actual data gathering procedure. The formula for the arithmetic
Weighted Mean is as follows:

27
Σwx
X=
N
Where :
X =Weighted Mean
Σ=Summation
W =Weighted factor (Frequency)
N=Number of Total Respondents
3. Spearman’s Correlation
The Spearman correlation formula is used to calculate the Spearman's rank correlation
coefficient, which measures the strength and direction of the association between two
variables that are measured on an ordinal scale.
The formula for Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is:
To compute the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, first rank each variable in order from
lowest to highest, assigning a rank of 1 to the lowest value, 2 to the next lowest, and so on.
Ties are assigned the average rank of the tied observations.
Research Instruments
A survey questionnaire adapted by the researcher was used in this study. The
questions were answered by the local vendors, and they sought an answer about the
difference between sales before and during inflation.

28
Research Procedure
Before conducting the study, the researchers obtained a letter of permission from the
school administration, and they also asked permission from the LGU of Argao, allowing
them to hand out survey questionnaires and begin the study. After obtaining authorization,
the researchers began choosing the survey participants and conducting the research. The
researchers sought permission from the potential participants after receiving permission.
Conversely, the survey of the local vendors starts. The acquired data will be computed, then
later interpreted and analyzed. The interpreted and examined data eventually led to
conclusions and suggestions.
CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the findings from a survey that was done among local vendors
in the Argao Public Market. in order to assess the impact of inflation and the current state of
29
the local vendors at the Argao public market, this chapter focuses on the presentation,
analysis, and interpretation of the data. Utilizing statistical methods like frequency
distribution, percentage, and average, the data was scrutinized. To make the results easy to
comprehend, the findings are given as tables and graphs. The chapter also provides a
thorough analysis of the data and discussion of its interpretation, highlighting the key
elements that have a substantial impact on the local vendors within the public market in
Argao.
1. PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS
To aid in organizing the reliability of the responses from the different vendors who
are considered to be the respondents, a profile of the respondents is provided. The researchers
establish the profile of each respondent in terms of age, gender, and the length of time spent
vending in Argao Public Market in order to further understand the backgrounds of the
respondents. See table 1 for further discussion

30
Table 1.
Age and Gender of the Respondents
FREQUENCY PERCENTA
GE
AGE 25-35 y.o. 13 32.5%
36-45 y.o. 6 15%
46-55 y.o 12 30%
56 above 9 22.5%
GENDER Female 30 75%
Male 10 25%
The respondents with the longest period of vending are those in the span of 16 years
and above. Which indicates 35% out of 100 and a frequency of 14. This is followed by 5
years below and 6–10 years of vending with the same frequency and number of vendors in
this given time frame. This got 27.5% and a total frequency of 11. The year that got the least
number of respondents is the 11–15-year period of vending. This has a frequency of 4 and a
percentage of 10%.
The table illustrates that 30 of the 40 respondents, or 75% of the total, are female.
Although there are just 10 male vendors out of 40, this represents only 25% of all
respondents. Naturally, the majority of the local vendors in Argao Public Market are female
or women. Women are overrepresented in the informal economy, though the gender balance
of street vendor populations varies widely between continents, countries, and even between
nearby cities (Abbot, 2014). This is not surprising as it is very obvious in our society that
most of the vendors are female.
Table 2.
YEARS OF VENDING FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
5 years below 11 27.5%
6-10 years 11 27.5%
11-15 years 4 10%
16 years above 14 35%
TOTAL 40 100%
Years of vending of the Respondents

32
As presented in the table, the respondents with the longest period of vending are those
in the span of 16 years and above. Which indicates 35% out of 100 and a frequency of 14.
This is followed by 5 years below and 6–10 years of vending with the same frequency and
number of vendors in this given time frame. This got 27.5% and a total frequency of 11. The
year that got the least number of respondents is the 11–15-year period of vending. This has a
frequency of 4 and a percentage of 10%. Therefore, most of the respondents are already
experienced and have really observed changes throughout the year of vending they have
spent in Argao Public Market.
The current condition of Local Vendors
Purchasing power is the amount of goods and services that can be purchased with a
specific amount of money. It is an essential aspect of any economy, as it affects the standard
of living and the overall economic growth of a nation. An understanding of purchasing power
enables businesses to set prices that are reasonable and competitive and helps consumers to
choose products that fit their budget. See table for further discussion.
Table 3.
Weighted mean and interpretation of the current condition of local Vendors (Purchasing
Power).
PURCHASING POWER MEAN INTERPREATA
TION
TOTAL MEAN 3.91 Often

33
The data presented in terms of purchasing power. Specifically, 42% of the
respondents reported sometimes. While 57%, as I stated that they always experience this
current situation. As a weighted mean of 3.91, this means that they often encounter an
unevenly rising of prices. Moreover, most economists now believe that low, stable, and
important predictable inflation is good for an economy. If inflation is low and predictable, it
is easier to capture it in price-adjustment contracts and interest rates, reducing its distortion
impact. Lastly, according to International Monetary Fund, inevitably reduce the purchasing
power of some consumers, and this erosion of real income is the single biggest cost of
inflation. Inflation can also distort purchasing power over time for recipients and payers
of fixed interest rates.
In today's economy, businesses rely on various products and supplies to run their
operations. Given the importance of these products and supplies, it is crucial to understand
their characteristics, availability, cost, and other factors that impact their use and adoption.
See the table for further discussion.
Table 4.
Weighted mean and interpretation of the current condition of local Vendors (Product of
supply)
PRODUCT/SUPPLY MEAN INTERPRETATI

ON
A weighted mean of 4.24 indicates that, on average, respondents often perceive a
negative impact of inflation on their product/supply. This suggests a strong level of

34
agreement among respondents that inflation is having a significant impact on their
product/supply. According to the International Journal of Academic Research in Business and
Social Sciences in 2015, inflation had a significant negative impact on small businesses'
ability to maintain inventory levels and meet customer demand.
This implies that the respondents in a survey perceive a negative impact of inflation
on their product/supply. The high weighted mean of 4.24 indicates that there is a strong level
of agreement among the respondents that inflation is having a significant impact on their
product/supply. This cites a study published in the International Journal of Academic
Research in Business and Social Sciences in 2015, which suggests that inflation has a
significant negative impact on small businesses' ability to maintain inventory levels and meet
customer demand. This implication underscores the importance of implementing policies that
can mitigate the impact of inflation on small businesses, such as stable monetary policies,
access to low-interest loans, and other measures to support inventory management and
customer demand.
Stock levels play a crucial role in the success of any business. Proper management of
stock levels ensures that a business has enough inventory to fulfill customer orders while also
preventing excess inventory that can tie up resources and cause unnecessary expenses. See
the table for further discussion.

35
Table 5.
Weighted mean and interpretation of the current condition of local Vendors (Stocks Level
STOCKS LEVEL MEAN INTERPRETATI

ON
TOTAL MEAN 3.8 OFTEN
A mean score of 3.19 indicates a slightly positive leaning towards “sometimes”
agreement with the statement. It suggests that some respondents believe that inflation rate has
a negative impact on productivity for local vendors in certain circumstances, while in other
cases it may not be as significant. Research has shown that inflation reduces the purchasing
power of consumers, leading to lower demand and productivity for small businesses (the
Journal of African Business, 2018). This suggests that the respondents in the study had a
slightly positive leaning towards “sometimes” agreeing with the statement that inflation rate
has a negative impact on productivity for local vendors. This means that some respondents
believed that inflation could have a negative impact on productivity for small businesses in
certain circumstances, while in other cases, the impact may not be as significant. The
implication is that inflation can reduce the purchasing power of consumers, leading to lower
demand and productivity for small businesses, as supported by previous research published in
the Journal of African Business in 2018.

36
The estimated mean is 3.8, which is “often” reported, indicating that local merchants
think inflation has a big impact on their stock levels. This indicates that respondents’ attitudes
are generally more favorable, showing that respondents believe inflation has a significant
impact on their capacity to maintain acceptable stock levels. The outcome can suggest that
local vendors are having trouble controlling their inventory and supply chain as a result of
inflationary pressures, which could have an impact on their capacity to satisfy client demand
and keep a profit. According to (Yılmaz,2018) that inflation has a negative impact on the
stock levels of small businesses, leading to reduced profitability and lower investment.
Income is a primary measure of economic well-being for individuals, households, and
communities. It plays a crucial role in shaping the standard of living, access to resources, and
overall quality of life. Understanding income levels and distributions is essential for
policymakers, researchers, and businesses to make informed decisions and create effective
strategies that promote economic growth and sustainability. See the table for further
discussion.
Table 6.
Weighted mean and interpretation of the current condition of local Vendors (Income)
INCOME MEAN INTERPRETA

TION
TOTAL MEAN 3.13 SOMETIMES
Based in the calculated mean of 3.13 indicates that local vendors believe that inflation
has a moderate impact on their income. This suggests that respondents’ attitudes towards the
impact of inflation on their income are mixed, with some perceiving it to be a significant
37
factor and others perceiving it to be less so. This result could indicate that local vendors are
experiencing some negative effects on their income as a result of inflationary pressures but
may also be implementing strategies to mitigate these effects. Alternatively, it may suggest
that other factors, such as competition or changes in consumer preferences, are more
influential than inflation on their income. According to the International Journal of
Economics and Finance (2014), inflation can lead to lower real incomes for informal sector
workers, which can lead to lower levels of consumption and lower standards of living.
Research also shows that inflation had a significant negative impact on the income and
purchasing power of street vendors, as well as their ability to invest in their businesses,
according to the International Journal of Business and Management Review (2016).
This indicates that local vendors have mixed attitudes towards the impact of inflation
on their income, with some perceiving it to be a significant factor and others perceiving it to
be less so. The base in the calculated mean of 3.13 indicates that local vendors believe that
inflation has a moderate impact on their income. The mixed attitudes could mean that local
vendors are implementing strategies to mitigate the negative effects of inflation on their
income or that other factors such as competition or changes in consumer preferences are more
influential on their income.
Productivity is a crucial measure of business success, and it has a direct impact on
profitability, competitiveness, and growth. It is an indispensable factor for measuring
efficiency in achieving business objectives. A better understanding of productivity can help
businesses optimize their operations, streamline their processes, and achieve more with less.
See the table for further discussion.

38
Table 7.
PROUCTIVITY MEAN INTERRETATI

ON
Weighted mean and interpretation of the current condition of local Vendors (Productivity)
A mean score of 3.19 indicates a slightly positive leaning towards "sometimes"
agreement with the statement. It suggests that some respondents believe that inflation rate has
a negative impact on productivity for local vendors in certain circumstances, while in other
cases it may not be as significant. Research has shown that inflation reduces the purchasing
power of consumers, leading to lower demand and productivity for small businesses (the
Journal of African Business, 2018).
This suggests that the respondents in the study had a slightly positive leaning towards
"sometimes" agreeing with the statement that inflation rate has a negative impact on
productivity for local vendors. This means that some respondents believed that inflation
could have a negative impact on productivity for small businesses in certain circumstances,
while in other cases, the impact may not be as significant. The implication is that inflation
can reduce the purchasing power of consumers, leading to lower demand and productivity for
small businesses, as supported by previous research published in the Journal of African
Business in 2018
39
The Impact of Inflation rate to local vendors
The cost of products and services is an essential consideration for businesses, as they
directly impact profitability and competitiveness. Understanding the cost structure of a
product or service can help businesses make informed decisions about pricing, marketing,
and procurement strategies. See the table for further discussion.
Table 8.
COST OF PRODUCTS/SERVICES MEAN INTERPRETATIO

N
Weighted mean and Interpretation of The Impact of Inflation rate to local Vendors (Cost of
Products/Service)
It shows that the table presented in terms of product/service. As a weighted mean of
4.24, this means that the respondents had often experience of inflation. As I stated, mostly of
the respondents concern of their situation in regards inflation. In addition, inflation can occur
in nearly any product or service. Once inflation becomes prevalent throughout an economy,
the expectation of further inflation becomes an overriding concern in the consciousness of
consumers and businesses alike. Lastly, wages also affect the cost of production and are
typically the single biggest expense for businesses. When the economy is performing well,
and the unemployment rate is low, shortages in labor or workers can occur (Boyle, 2023).
Employment is a fundamental aspect of any economic system. The job market and
employment rates have a significant impact on the overall health of an economy. The right
employment environment can lead to higher productivity, increased economic growth, and
40
societal stability. Meanwhile, high unemployment rates can lower economic activity, reduce
production, and increase social. See the table for further discussion.
Table 9.
Weighted mean and Interpretation of The Impact of Inflation rate to local Vendors
(Employment).
EMPLOYMENT MEAN INTERPRETATI

ON
If the weighted mean in the employment is 2.36, this means that the respondents had
rarely experience the inflation. Inflation has a negative impact on employment, and that firms
with lower productivity and profitability are more likely to exit the market during periods of
high inflation (Reis et.al, 2015) This perception indicate that the local vendors are rarely
experiencing or struggling the inflation in maintaining their employment. The paragraph also
emphasizes earlier research that concurs with this viewpoint and shows that employers
shouldn’t place restrictions on their workforce due to inflation.
Customers are the lifeblood of any business. Understanding their preferences and
behaviors is critical to creating successful products, services, and marketing campaigns. A
well-designed customer table can provide valuable insights into various aspects of customer
behavior, such as demographics, purchasing habits, and satisfaction levels. This information
can help businesses refine their offerings and improve their overall customer experience. See
the table for further discussion.

41
Table 10.
(Customers)
CUSTOMERS MEAN INTERPRETA

TION
This means that, on average, the customers’ perceptions are more towards the positive
end of the scale, indicating that they believe inflation has a substantial impact on the prices
they pay for goods and services. The calculated mean in this table is 3.64, which corresponds
to “often” on the Likert scale, and it suggests that customers of local vendors believe that
inflation has a significant impact on prices. Research has shown that local suppliers play a
critical role in enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty by providing high-quality
products, personalized services, and reliable delivery (Khalid et.al, 2019).

42
Prices are a fundamental aspect of any economy, as they determine the value of goods
and services in the market. An understanding of how prices fluctuate over time and
depending on various factors is essential for businesses and policymakers alike. This table
aims to examine the prices of selected goods and services over a specific period while
analyzing the reasons for price differences. See the table for further discussion.
Table 11.
Weighted mean and Interpretation of The Impact of Inflation rate to local Vendors (Prices)
PRICES MEAN INTERPRETATI

ON
If the weighted mean in price is 3.68, it suggests that local vendors believe that
inflation has a significant impact on their prices. This means that, on average, the
respondents’ perceptions are more towards the positive end of the scale, indicating that they
believe inflation has a substantial impact on their pricing decisions. The result may also
indicate that local vendors are struggling to maintain their profitability due to inflationary
pressures. This aligns with previous research that inflation leads to higher prices for most
goods, with the effect being more pronounced for those sold by smaller, independent retailers
(Arozamena,2014).
This perception may indicate that local vendors are facing challenges in maintaining
their profitability, which can have implications for their business operations and financial
sustainability. The paragraph also highlights previous research that supports this view,
indicating that inflation tends to lead to higher prices for most goods, with a more
pronounced effect on smaller, independent retailers.

43
Profitability is the ultimate goal of any business, as it determines the long-term
viability and success of the organization. A detailed analysis of financial data and key
performance indicators can help identify areas where a business can increase its profitability
and make informed decisions about investments or expansion. See the table for further
discussion.
Table 12.
(Profitability)
PROFITABILITY MEAN INTERPRETATIO

N
In this table, the calculated mean of 4.05 indicates that the respondents, on average,
tend to believe that inflation has an “often” impact on profitability. This suggests that the
respondents' opinions are evenly split between positive and negative perceptions of the
impact of inflation. According to A study published in the Journal of Business Research
found that inflation has a significant impact on the profitability of small retailers. The study
found that small retailers that were able to pass on price increases to their customers were
better able to maintain their profitability.
The calculated mean of 4.05 suggests that the respondents are evenly split between
positive and negative perceptions of the impact of inflation on profitability. However, a
study published in the Journal of Business Research found that inflation does have a
44
significant impact on the profitability of small retailers. The study suggests that small
retailers who can pass on price increases to their customers are better able to maintain their
profitability despite inflation.
4. IS THERE A SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CURRENT
CONDITION AND IMPACT OF INFLATION RATE OF LOCAL VENDORS?
Correlations
condition impact
Spearman's rho condition Correlation Coefficient 1.000 -.300
Sig. (2-tailed) . .624
N 5 5
impact Correlation Coefficient -.300 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) .624 .
N 5 5
The p-value (or significance level) for the correlation coefficient between "condition"
and "impact" is 0.624, which is greater than the typical alpha level of 0.05. This suggests that
the correlation between these two variables is not statistically significant, meaning that we
cannot confidently conclude that there is a true correlation between the two variables in the
population. Overall, the output suggests a weak, negative correlation between the two
variables, but the lack of statistical significance indicates that we cannot be confident that this
correlation is not just due to chance. It is important to note that this is a very limited analysis
based on a small sample size of 5, so caution should be exercised when interpreting these
results and further investigation may be necessary.

45
SECTORS TOTAL WEIGHTED MEAN

MEAT 3.90
THINGS 3.81
TOYS 3.77
GROCERIES 3.59
FEEDS 3.51
CLOTHINGS 3.50
FISH 3.42
VEGETABLES 3.31
Meat appears to be the most affected by inflation, with a weighted mean of 3.90 based on the
sectors and weighted averages supplied. Things and toys have high weighted averages of 3.81 and
3.77, indicating that they may also be substantially influenced by inflation. It's important to remember
that these weighted averages are dependent on the unique data collection or poll that produced them
and may not be indicative of other settings or places. Furthermore, the impact of inflation might differ
based on factors such as the nation or location, the type of inflation, and other economic situations.
46
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary, conclusion, and recommendation derived in the
conduct of the study, which is the Impact of Inflation Rate to the Local Vendors in Argao
Public Market.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The findings of the study were summarized according to the statement of the problem
stated in Chapter 1.
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of?
1.1 Age
The profile of the respondents in terms of age had a frequency equivalent to 13 or
32.05% from those respondents aged 25-35 years old, 6 or 15% are those respondents aged
36-45 years old, 12 or 30% are those respondents aged 46-55 years old. Lastly, those
respondents aged 56 years old and above had a frequency equivalent to 9 or 22.5 %.
1.2 Sex
The profile of the respondents in terms of sex had a frequency of 30 or 75% female
respondents and 10 or 25% from the male respondents.
1.3 Years of vending

47
The profile of the respondents in terms of the years of vending had a frequency of 11
or 27.05% from those respondents vending for 5 years and below. 11 or 27.05% from those
respondents vending for 6-10 years. 4 or 10 % from those respondents vending for 11-15
years and lastly, those respondents vending from 16 years and above had a frequency
equivalent to 14 or 35%.
2. What is the respondent’s current condition in terms of the following?
2.1 Purchase Power
The overall responses of the respondents in the aspect of purchase power had a
mean of 3.91, which means the respondents current condition in terms of purchase power is
“Often.”
2.2 Product/Service
The overall responses of the respondents in the aspect of product/service had a mean
of 4.24 which means the respondents current condition in terms of product/service is “Often.”
2.3 Stock Level
The overall responses of the respondents in the aspect of stock level had a mean of
3.08 which means the respondents current condition in terms of stock level is “Often.”
2.4 Income
48
The overall responses of the respondents in the aspect of income had a mean of 3.13
which means the respondents current condition in terms of income is “Sometimes”.
2.5 Productivity
The overall responses of the respondents in the aspect of productivity had a mean of
3.19 which means the respondents current condition in terms of productivity is “Sometimes”.
3. What is the respondent’s impact of inflation in terms of the following?
3.1 Cost of Production
The overall calculated weighted mean values of local vendors responses for the
impact of cost of production is 3.94 which means the respondents impact of inflations in
terms of cost of production is “Often”.
3.2 Employment
The overall calculated weighted mean values of local vendors for the impact of
employment is 2.36 which means the respondents impact of inflations in terms of
employment is “Sometimes”.
3.3 Customer
customer are 3.64 which means the respondents impact of inflation in terms of customers is
“Often”.
3.4 Profitability
49
profitability are 4.05 which means the respondents of inflation in terms of profitability is
“Often”.
3.5 Prices
The overall calculated weighted mean values of local vendors for the impact of prices
are 3.68 which means the respondents of inflation in terms of prices is “Often”.
4. Is there a significant relationship between current condition and impact of inflation?
The p-value (or significance level) for the correlation coefficient between "condition"
and "impact" is 0.624, which is greater than the typical alpha level of 0.05. This suggests that
the correlation between these two variables is not statistically significant, meaning that we
cannot confidently conclude that there is a true correlation between the two variables in the
population.
Meat appears to be the most affected by inflation, with a weighted mean of 3.90 based
on the sectors and weighted averages supplied.
CONCLUSIONS
50
The survey findings indicate that the majority of local vendors in the Argao Public
Market are affected by inflation. Almost 90% of the respondents claimed that the cost of
goods sold has increased, which is consistent with the current inflation trend in the
Philippines. The findings indicate that the prices of meat, groceries, and toys have been most
affected by inflation, with a weighted mean score of 3.90, 3.59, and 3.77, respectively.
The survey also reveals that most local vendors have had to increase their selling
prices to cope with the rising cost of goods. In response to the inflation, 70% of respondents
raised their selling prices by an average of 10%, which may have resulted in a decrease in the
number of customers buying their products. This situation creates a challenging situation for
the local vendors as they need to strike a balance between maintaining their profit margins
and keeping their prices competitive enough to attract customers
The survey findings suggest that the majority of local vendors in the Argao Public
Market face a number of challenges. A significant proportion of respondents reported that
competition from other vendors, lack of capital, and irregular supply of goods were their
primary challenges. In addition, the majority of the respondents did not have access to loans
or credit facilities, making it difficult for them to expand their business.
Despite these challenges, the majority of the respondents expressed optimism about
the future of their business. They believe that they can overcome their challenges through
hard work, perseverance, and good business practices. The majority of respondents also
expressed a willingness to adopt new technologies, such as digital payment systems, to
improve their business operations.
Overall, the survey findings suggest that inflation has had a significant impact on
local vendors in the Argao Public Market, and that they face a number of challenges in their
51
daily operations. However, the majority of respondents remain optimistic about their future
and are willing to adopt new technologies and practices to improve their business.
In conclusion, the survey results indicate that local vendors are facing significant
challenges due to inflation. Respondents reported a strong level of agreement that inflation
has a negative impact on their products/supplies, and they often encounter unevenly rising
prices. In addition, local vendors believe that inflation has a significant impact on their stock
levels and their income, although opinions are mixed on the extent of this impact. The survey
results suggest that inflation is causing difficulties for small businesses in maintaining
inventory levels, meeting customer demand, and controlling their supply chain. Policymakers
and businesses should implement strategies that can mitigate the impact of inflation on small
businesses, such as stable monetary policies, access to low-interest loans, and measures to
support inventory management and customer demand.
The analysis of the correlation between "condition" and "impact" suggests that there
is not a statistically significant relationship between the two variables, indicating that the
inflation rate of local vendors may not have a significant impact on the condition of their
business. However, caution should be exercised when interpreting these results, as the sample
size is small and further investigation may be necessary.
Regarding the impact of inflation on different sectors, the data suggests that meat is
the most affected sector, with a weighted mean of 3.90, followed by things and toys with
weighted averages of 3.81 and 3.77, respectively. It is important to note that these results are
based on a specific data collection or poll and may not be generalizable to other settings or
locations. Additionally, the impact of inflation may vary depending on various factors,
including the type of inflation, the economic situation, and the location.
52
The analysis of the correlation between "condition" and "impact" suggests that there
is not a statistically significant relationship between the two variables, indicating that the
inflation rate of local vendors may not have a significant impact on the condition of their
business. However, caution should be exercised when interpreting these results, as the sample
size is small and further investigation may be necessary.
Regarding the impact of inflation on different sectors, the data suggests that meat is
the most affected sector, with a weighted mean of 3.90, followed by things and toys with
weighted averages of 3.81 and 3.77, respectively. It is important to note that these results are
based on a specific data collection or poll and may not be generalizable to other settings or
locations. Additionally, the impact of inflation may vary depending on various factors,
including the type of inflation, the economic situation, and the location.
RECOMMENDATIONS
 Business owners in Argao, Cebu should be aware of the impact of inflation on their
businesses and take necessary steps to mitigate its effects. They should consider
53
adjusting their prices accordingly and managing their inventory effectively to avoid
shortages.
 Economists and researchers should use the findings of this study to enhance their
understanding of inflation and its effects on small businesses in the Philippines.
 The local government should provide support to small businesses, especially during
times of inflation, to help them stay afloat and continue to contribute to the local
economy.
 Suppliers should avoid hoarding or price gouging during times of inflation as this can
negatively affect small businesses and consumers.
 Consumers should be aware of the potential effects of inflation on the prices of goods
and services, and make necessary adjustments to their spending habits. They can also
support local businesses by patronizing them during tough times.
 The study recommends that future research should be conducted to investigate the
long-term effects of inflation on small businesses in Argao, Cebu. This will
 provide a better understanding of how inflation affects businesses over time and
identify possible solutions to mitigate its negative impact.
 The study also recommends that small business owners should be provided with
access to financial and technical support, such as business training and financial
planning, to help them prepare for and cope with the effects of inflation.
 Business associations and industry groups in Argao, Cebu should collaborate with the
local government to develop policies and programs that support small businesses
during times of inflation. This could include tax breaks or financial assistance
programs.
 The study suggests that the government should take measures to control inflation to
minimize its negative effects on businesses and consumers. This could include
54
implementing monetary and fiscal policies to stabilize prices and boost economic
growth.
 Finally, the study recommends that consumers should be educated on how inflation
affects prices and their purchasing power. This could be done through public
information campaigns and consumer education programs. By understanding the
effects of inflation, consumers can make informed decisions about their spending and
better support small businesses during times of economic stress.

55
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58
APPENDICES
59
Appendix 1
TRANSMITTAL LETTER – PRINCIPAL

60
Appendix 2
TRANSMITTAL LETTER – MUNICIPAL MAYOR

61
Appendix 3
Survey Questionnaires
Greetings!
We, the ABM students of Argao National High School, are currently working on a
requirement in compliance for graduation specifically the Practical Research 2.
In line with this, we would like to ask for your permission for us to conduct a research
study entitled, “THE IMPACT OF INFLATION RATE TO LOCAL VENDORS IN ARGAO
PUBLIC MARKET”. Rest assured that all data gathered will be treated with outmost
confidentiality and will be used for academic purposes only.
We appreciate your consideration and time. Thank you for your cooperation, and may
God continue to bless you.
Respectfully yours,
The Researchers
62
I. PROFILE
1. Age:
o 25 - 35
o 36 – 45
o 46 – 55
o 56 above
2. Sex:
o Female
o Male
3. Years of Vending:
o 5 years below
o 6- 10 years
o 11-15 years
o 16 years above
66
CURRENT CONDITION OF LOCAL VENDORS
Rating Scale Quantitative Description
5 Always
4 Often
3 Sometimes
2 Rarely
1 Never
I. PURCHASING POWER
Despite increase in product cost, I am able to… (Kahit 5 4 3 2 1

mayroong pagtaas ng presyo ng mga produkto, nagagawa
kong…)
purchase more products. (bumili ng mas maraming produkto.)
purchase high price product. (bumili ng produkto na may mataas na

presyo.)
regularly give my purchase order to my suppliers. (maibigay ang

mga pabiling produkto mula sa aking pinagkunan.)
give my costumers discount. (mabigyan ng tawad ang aking

mamimili.)
II. PRODUCT/SUPPLY
Despite increase in raw materials’ cost, I am able to… (Kahit 5 4 3 2 1

mayroong pagtaas ng presyo ng mga produkto, nagagawa kong…)
give my customers product and services in good condition.

(makapagbigay ng maayos na produkto at serbisyo sa aking mamimili.)
sell most of my products within a day. (mabenta ang karamihan ng aking

produkto sa loob ng isang araw.)
provide my customers’ demand for products. (maibigay ang hinihinging

produkto ng aking mga mamimili.)
67
dispose all my products before its expiration date. (mapaubos lahat ng

aking produkto bago ang petsa ng pagkasira nito.)
III. STOCKS LEVEL
5 4 3 2 1
Does inflation always have a negative impact on stock prices? (Ang

inflation ba ay palaging may negatibong epekto sa mga presyo ng stock?)
Do companies always adjust their stock levels in response to inflation?

(Palagi bang inaayos ng mga kumpanya ang kanilang mga antas ng stock
bilang tugon sa inflation?)
Does inflation sometimes lead to increased demand for certain types of

stocks or investments? (Ang inflation ba minsan ay humahantong sa
pagtaas ng demand para sa ilang uri ng stock o investment?)
Does inflation always lead to higher interest rates, which can negatively
impact stock prices? (Ang inflation ba ay palaging humahantong sa mas
mataas na mga rate ng interes, na maaaring negatibong makaapekto sa
mga presyo ng stock?)
Is it never possible for you as vendors to benefit from inflation in terms

of increased profits and stock prices? (Hindi ba posible para sa inyo na
makinabang mula sa inflation sa mga tuntunin ng pagtaas ng kita at mga
presyo ng stock?)
68
IV. INCOME
5 4 3 2 1
Do all types of income always increase at the same rate as inflation? (Ang
lahat ba ng uri ng kita ay palaging tumataas sa parehong rate ng
inflation?)
Does inflation always increase the cost of living, making it harder for
individuals to make ends meet? ( Ang inflation ba ay palaging
nagpapataas ng halaga ng pamumuhay, na ginagawang mas mahirap para
sa mga indibidwal na matugunan ang mga pangangailangan?)
Do you vendors always adjust wages in response to inflation? ( Lagi ba

kayong nag-a-adjust ng sahod bilang tugon sa inflation?)
Higher salaries in response to inflation? (Mas mataas na suweldo bilang

tugon sa inflation?)
Does inflation always result in a decrease in the value of savings and

investments? ( Ang inflation ba ay palaging nagreresulta sa pagbaba ng
halaga ng savings at investments?)
V. PRODUCTIVITY
Despite product price hike, I am able to… (Kahit mayroong pagtaas 5 4 3 2 1

ng presyo ng mga produkto, nagagawa kong…)
hire additional manpower. (kumuha ng mas maraming tauhan.)
produce more products in my business. (makalikha ng mas maraming

produkto sa aking negosyo.)
create or get new products. (makalikha o kumuha ng bagong produkto.)
further improve my business. (mapalago ang aking negosyo.)

69
IMPACT OF INFLATION RATE TO LOCAL VENDORS
I. COST OF PRODUCTS/SERVICES
Despite increase in product cost, I am able to… (Kahit mayroong 5 4 3 2 1

pagtaas ng presyo ng mga produkto, nagagawa kong…)
markup my product cost. (pataasin ang presyo ng aking produkto.)
Work on the suggested retail price (SRP). (masunod ang nakatalagang

presyo.)
sell the expensive product that I have. (maibenta ang aking produkto na
may pinakamataas na presyo.)
satisfy my customers’ needs with my products and with its price.

(masiyahan ang aking mga mamimili sa aking produkto at sa presyo nito.)
II. EMPLOYMENT
5 4 3 2 1
Does inflation always lead to an increase in wages for employees? (Ang

inflation ba ay palaging humahantong sa pagtaas ng sahod ng mga
empleyado? )
Does inflation sometimes lead to a decrease in employee morale and

motivation? (Ang inflation ba minsan ay humahantong sa pagbaba ng
moral at motibasyon ng empleyado? )
Reduce workers because of inflation (Bawasan ang mga manggagawa

dahil sa inflation )
Stopped selling because of inflation (Huminto sa pagbebenta dahil sa

inflation)
Hire additional manpower. (kumuha ng mas maraming tauhan.)

70
III. CUSTOMERS
5 4 3 2 1
Does inflation sometimes result in customers seeking out cheaper

alternatives? (Minsan ba nagreresulta ang inflation sa mga customer na
naghahanap ng mas murang alternatibo?)
Do customers always have a clear understanding of the impact of inflation

on the prices they pay?( Ang mga customer ba ay palaging may malinaw
na pag-unawa sa epekto ng inflation sa mga presyo na kanilang
binabayaran? )
Does inflation sometimes lead to customers being willing to pay higher

prices for products or services they perceive as being higher quality or
more valuable?( Ang inflation ba minsan ay humahantong sa mga
customer na handang magbayad ng mas mataas na presyo para sa mga
produkto o serbisyo na kanilang nakikita bilang mas mataas na kalidad o
mas mahalaga?)
Does inflation sometimes result in customers becoming more price-

sensitive and searching for deals or discounts? (Minsan ba nagreresulta ang
inflation sa mga customer na nagiging mas sensitibo sa presyo at
naghahanap ng mga deal o diskwento?)
Have you noticed reducing number of customers? ( Napansin mo ba ang

pagbawas ng bilang ng mga customer? )
IV. PRICES
In times of inflation I have experienced… (Sa panahon ng inflation 5 4 3 2 1

naranasan kong..)
Increase the prices of goods and services during year 2021-2022? (Taasan
ang presyo ng mga bilihin at serbisyo sa taong 2021-2022?)
Adjust the prices in response to inflation? (Ayusin ang mga presyo bilang
tugon sa inflation?)
Leads on reducing the quality or quantity of products offered in order to

maintain prices? ( Nangunguna sa pagbabawas ng kalidad o dami ng mga
produktong inaalok upang mapanatili ang mga presyo?)
maintain the current prices of products and services (panatilihin ang

kasalukuyang presyo ng mga produkto at serbisyo)
71
V. PROFITABILITY
Even though there is an increase in product cost, I am able to… 5 4 3 2 1
(Kahit mayroong pagtaas ng presyo ng produkto, nagagawa
kong…)
get my capital back. (makuhang muli ang aking puhunan.)
raise my previous capital. (mapalaki ang aking dating puhunan.)
gain 100% of my net income. (makuha ang 100 porsiyento ng aking

kita.)
settle labor and my rent expenses. (mabayaran ang aking mga tauhan at
renta.)
settle liabilities. (bayaran ang aking mga utang.)

72
Appendix 4
Simple percentage
The demographic profile variables of the respondents are to be analyzed using the
simple percentage with the following formula:
P=F/N x 100 Where:
P= Percentage
F= Frequency for each category
N= Total number of respondents = 40
Formula: w=
∑ ( w∗x )
∑w
w=
∑ ( 5∗10 ) +( 4∗5 )+ (3∗19 ) +( 2∗2 ) +( 1∗3 )
∑ 40
w=
∑ 134
∑ 40
w=3.350∨3.35
73
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
25-35 y.o. 13 32.5%
36-45 y.o. 6 15%
46-55 y.o 12 30%
56 above 9 22.5%
TOTAL 40 100%
Table 3.
Weighted mean and interpretation of the current condition of local Vendors (Purchasing
Power)
PURCHASING POWER MEAN INTERPREATAT
ION
Purchase more power 3.87 Often
Purchase high price products 3.35 Sometimes
Regularly give my purchase order to my 4 Often
suppliers.
Give customers discount 4.42 Often

74
Table 4.
Weighted mean and interpretation of the current condition of local Vendors (Product of
supply)
PRODUCT/SUPPLY MEAN INTERPRETATIO

N
Give my customers product and services in good 4.75 Always
condition
Sell most of my products within a day 3.82 Often
Provide my customers’ demand for products. 4.17 Often
Dispose all my products before its expiration date 4.22 Often
Table 5.
STOCKS LEVEL MEAN INTERPRETATIO

N
Does inflation always have a negative impact on stock 3.92 Often
prices?
Do companies always adjust their stock levels in 3.7 Often
response to inflation?
Does inflation sometimes lead to increased demand for 3.62 Often
certain types of stocks or investments?
Does inflation always lead to higher interest rates, 3.95 Often

which can negatively impact stock prices?
Is it never possible for you as vendors to benefit from 3.8 Often
inflation in terms of increased profits and stock prices?
Weighted mean and interpretation of the current condition of local Vendors (Stocks
75
Table 6.
Weighted mean and interpretation of the current condition of local Vendors (Income)
INCOME MEAN INTERPRETATIO

N
Do all types of income always increase at the same 3.55 Often
rate as inflation?
Does inflation always increase the cost of living, 3.4 Sometimes
making it harder for individuals to make ends meet?
Do you vendors always adjust wages in response to 2.77 Sometimes
inflation?
Higher salaries in response to inflation? 2.8 Sometimes
Does inflation always result in a decrease in the value 3.13 Sometimes

of savings and investments?
Table 7.
PROUCTIVITY MEAN INTERRETATION

hire additional manpower. 1.8 Rarely
produce more products in my business. 3.5 Often
create or get new products. 3.55 Often
further improve my business. 3.92 Often
Weighted mean and interpretation of the current condition of local Vendors (Productivity)
76
Table 8.
EMPLOYMENT MEAN INTERPRETATI

ON
Does inflation always lead to an increase in wages for 2.57 Sometimes
employees?
Does inflation sometimes lead to a decrease in 2.85 Sometimes
employee morale and motivation?
Reduce workers because of inflation 2.2 Rarely
Stopped selling because of inflation 1.85 Rarely
Weighted mean and Interpretation of The Impact of Inflation rate to local Vendors (Cost of
Products/Service)
COST OF PRODUCTS/SERVICES MEAN INTERPRETATI

ON
markup my product cost. 3.82 Often
Work on the suggested retail price (SRP). 3.97 Often
sell the expensive product that I have. 3.6 Often
satisfy my customers’ needs with my products and with 4.37 Often

its price.
Table 9.
(Employment).
77
Table 10.
(Customers)
CUSTOMERS MEAN INTERPRETATIO

N
Does inflation sometimes result in customers seeking 3.47 Often
out cheaper alternatives?
Do customers always have a clear understanding of 3.8 Often
the impact of inflation on the prices they pay?
Does inflation sometimes lead to customers being 3.47 Often
willing to pay higher prices for products or services
they perceive as being higher quality or more
valuable?
Does inflation sometimes result in customers 3.8 Often
becoming more price-sensitive and searching for deals
or discounts?
Have you noticed reducing number of customers? 3.64 Often
Table 11.
Weighted mean and Interpretation of The Impact of Inflation rate to local Vendors (Prices)
PRICES MEAN INTERPRETATI

ON
Increase the prices of goods and services during year 4.12 Often
2021-2022?
Adjust the prices in response to inflation? 4.02 Often
Leads on reducing the quality or quantity of products 3.07 Sometimes

offered in order to maintain prices?
maintain the current prices of products and services 3.52 Often
78
Table 12.
(Profitability)
PROFITABILITY MEAN INTERPRETAT

ION
get my capital back. 4.32 Often
raise my previous capital. 3.85 Often
gain 100% of my net income. 3.67 Often
settle labor and my rent expenses. 4.35 Often
settle liabilities. 4.05 Often
Table 13.
Data Analysis between Purchasing Power and Cost of Production
Correlations
Purchasing
power Cost of production
Spearman's rho Purchasing power Correlation 1.000 -.129
Coefficient
N 161 161
Cost of Correlation -.129 1.000
production Coefficient
N 161 161
79
Table 14.
Data analysis between Purchasing Power and employment
Correlations
Purchasing
power employment
Coefficient
N 161 161
employment Correlation -.101 1.000
Coefficient
N 161 161
Table 15.
Data Analysis Between Purchasing Power and Customers
Correlations
Purchasing
power customer
Spearman's rho Purchasing power Correlation 1.000 -.171*
Coefficient
N 161 161
customer Correlation -.171* 1.000
Coefficient
N 161 161
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
80
Table 16.
Data Analysis between Purchasing Power and Price
Correlations
Purchasing
power price
Spearman's rho Purchasing power Correlation 1.000 .004
Coefficient
N 161 161
price Correlation .004 1.000
Coefficient
N 161 161
Table 17.
Data Analysis between Purchasing Power and Profitability
Correlations
Purchasing
power profitability
Coefficient
N 161 161
profitability Correlation -.100 1.000
Coefficient
N 161 161
81
Table 18.
Data Analysis between Product and cost of production
Correlations
Cost of
product production
Spearman's rho product Correlation 1.000 .120
Coefficient
N 161 161
Cost of Correlation .120 1.000
N 161 161
Table 19.
Data Analysis between stock level and employment
Correlations
Stock
level Employment
Spearman's rho Stock level Correlation 1.000 .905**
Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) . <.001
N 161 161
employment Correlation .905** 1.000
Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001 .
N 161 161
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
82
Table 20.
Data Analysis between product and employment
Correlations
product employment
Spearman's rho product Correlation 1.000 .165*
Coefficient
N 161 161
employment Correlation .165* 1.000
Coefficient
N 161 161
Table 21.
Data Analysis between product and customer
Correlations
product customer
Spearman's rho product Correlation 1.000 .075
Coefficient
N 161 161
customer Correlation .075 1.000
83
Coefficient
N 161 161
draw the conclusion that there is a strong connection between production and
customers.
Table 22.
Data Analysis between product and price
Correlations
product Price
Spearman's rho product Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .317**
Sig. (2-tailed) . <.001
N 161 161
price Correlation Coefficient .317** 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001 .
N 161 161
Table 23.
Data analysis between product and profitability
Correlations
product Profitability
Spearman's rho product Correlation 1.000 .155*
Coefficient
N 161 161
profitability Correlation .155* 1.000
Coefficient

84
N 161 161
Table 24.
Data Analysis between stock level and cost of production
Correlations
Stock Cost of
level production
Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) . <.001
N 161 161
Cost of Correlation .922** 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001 .
N 161 161
Table 25.
Data Analysis between stock level and customer
Correlations
85
Stock level customer

Spearman's rho Stock Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .915**
level
Sig. (2-tailed) . <.001
N 161 161
customer Correlation Coefficient .915** 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001 .
N 161 161
Table 26.
Data Analysis between Stock level and price
Correlations
Stock
level price
Spearman's rho Stock Correlation 1.000 .948**
level Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) . <.001
N 161 161
price Correlation .948** 1.000
Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001 .
N 161 161
Table 27.
Data Analysis between stock level and profitability
Correlations
Stock
level profitability
86
Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) . <.001
N 161 161
profitability Correlation .700** 1.000
Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001 .
N 161 161
Table 28.
Data analysis between income and cost of production
Correlations
Cost of
income production
Spearman's rho income Correlation 1.000 .897**
Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) . <.001
N 161 161
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001 .
N 161 161
Table 29.
Data analysis between income and employment

87
Correlations
income employment
Spearman's rho income Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .919**
Sig. (2-tailed) . <.001
N 161 161
employment Correlation Coefficient .919** 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001 .
N 161 161
Table 30.
Data analysis between income and customer
Correlations
income customer
Spearman's rho income Correlation 1.000 .876**
Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) . <.001
N 161 161
customer Correlation .876** 1.000
Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001 .
N 161 161
Table 31.
Data analysis between income and price
Correlations
88
income price
Spearman's rho income Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .868**
Sig. (2-tailed) . <.001
N 161 161
price Correlation Coefficient .868** 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001 .
N 161 161
Table 32.
Data analysis between profitability and productivity
Correlations
Profitability productivity
Spearman's rho profitability Correlation 1.000 .739**
Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) . <.001
N 161 161
productivity Correlation .739** 1.000
Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001 .
N 161 161
Table 33.
89
Data analysis between productivity and price
Correlations
productivity price
Spearman's rho productivit Correlation 1.000 .851**
y Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) . <.001
N 161 161
price Correlation .851** 1.000
Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001 .
N 161 161
Table 34.
Data analysis between productivity and customer
Correlations
productivit
y customer
Spearman's rho productivit Correlation 1.000 .819**
y Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) . <.001
N 161 161
customer Correlation .819** 1.000
Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001 .
N 161 161
90
Table 35.
Data analysis between productivity and employment
Correlations
Productivit
y employment
Spearman's rho productivity Correlation 1.000 .826**
Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) . <.001
N 161 161
employment Correlation .826** 1.000
Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001 .
N 161 161
Table 36.
Data analysis between productivity and cost of production
Correlations
productivit Cost of
y production
Spearman's rho productivity Correlation 1.000 .782**
Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) . <.001
N 161 161
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001 .
91
N 161 161
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
CURRENT CONDITION OF LOCAL VENDORS 5 Always
purchased power interpretation 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
92
3 Sometimes 5 Always
3 Sometimes 4 Often
3 Sometimes 4 Often
3 Sometimes 4 Often
3 Sometimes 4 Often
3 Sometimes 4 Often
3 Sometimes 3 Sometimes
1 Never 3 Sometimes
1 Never 3 Sometimes
5 Always 3 Sometimes
5 Always 2 Rarely
5 Always 2 Rarely
5 Always 1 Never
5 Always 1 Never
5 Always 1 Never
93
5 Always 2 Rarely
5 Always 2 Rarely
5 Always 2 Rarely
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
4 Often 5 Always
4 Often 5 Always
4 Often 5 Always
3 Sometimes
94
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
4 Often 5 Always
4 Often 5 Always
4 Often 5 Always
4 Often 5 Always
2 Rarely 5 Always
5 Always
product/supply Interpretation 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 4 Always
5 Always 4 Always
95
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
4 Often 5 Always
4 Often 5 Always
4 Often 5 Always
96
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
4 Often 5 Always
4 Often 5 Always
4 Often 5 Always
4 Often 5 Always
3 Sometimes 4 Often
3 Sometimes 4 Often
3 Sometimes 4 Often
3 Sometimes 4 Often
3 Sometimes 4 Often
2 Rarely 3 Sometimes
2 Rarely 3 Sometimes
97
5 Always
stock level Interpretation 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
98
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
99
3 Sometimes 2 Rarely
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes
3 Sometimes income Interpretation
2 Rarely 5 Always
100
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
101
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
2 Rarely 1 Never
2 Rarely 1 Never
2 Rarely 1 Never
2 Rarely 1 Never
2 Rarely 1 Never
2 Rarely 1 Never
2 Rarely 1 Never
2 Rarely 1 Never
2 Rarely 1 Never
2 Rarely 2 Never
2 Rarely 2 Never
2 Rarely 2 Never
2 Rarely 1 Never
102
1 Never 1 Never
1 Never
1 Never productivity Interpretation
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
2 Rarely 5 Always
2 Rarely 5 Always
2 Rarely 5 Always
2 Rarely 5 Always
2 Rarely 5 Always
2 Rarely 5 Always
2 Rarely 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
103
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
104
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
105
1 Never
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
IMPACT OF INFLATION RATE TO LOCAL 5 Always

VENDORS
5 Always
Cost of product Interpretation
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
5 Always
106
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
107
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
108
4 Often
employment Interpretation 4 Often
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
109
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
2 Rarely 1 Never
2 Rarely 1 Never
2 Rarely 1 Never
2 Rarely 1 Never
2 Rarely 1 Never
2 Rarely 1 Never
2 Rarely 1 Never
1 Never 1 Never
1 Never 1 Never
1 Never 1 Never
110
1 Never 1 Never
1 Never 1 Never
1 Never 1 Never
1 Never 1 Never
1 Never 1 Never
1 Never 1 Never
1 Never 1 Never
1 Never 1 Never
1 Never 1 Never
1 Never 1 Never
1 Never 1 Never
1 Never 1 Never
1 Never 1 Never
1 Never
1 Never customer Interpretation
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
111
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
112
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
113
2 Rarely 5 Always
2 Rarely 5 Always
2 Rarely 5 Always
2 Rarely 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
5 Always
Prices Interpretation 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
114
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
5 Always 4 Often
115
3 Sometimes 1 Never
116
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
1 Never 5 Always
5 Always
profitability Interpretation 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
117
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
5 Always 5 Always
118
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
4 Often 3 Sometimes
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes 1 Never
3 Sometimes
3 Sometimes
3 Sometimes
3 Sometimes
3 Sometimes
3 Sometimes
3 Sometimes
3 Sometimes
119
Canbanua, Argao, Cebu
09659885630
alliezaalbarracin@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA:
Date of Birth : December 21, 2003

Place of Birth : Cebu Maternity Hospital
Sex : Female
Civil Status : Single
Height : 152 cm
Weight : 44 kg
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Mother’s Maiden Name : Alma Vella B. Manila
Father’s Name : Ellezer L. Albarracin
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
120
Senior High School

Accountancy, Business and Management
Argao National High School – Canbanua, Argao, Cebu
2021 – Present
Junior High School

2017 – 2021
Elementary
St. Michael Parish Montessori Learning Center – Suba, Argao, Cebu
2011 – 2017
RHEA MAE T. BETONTA

Langtad, Argao, Cebu
09358616149
rheamaebetonta@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA:
Date of Birth : February 25, 2005

Place of Birth : Ronda, Cebu
Sex : Female
Height : 161 cm
Weight : 44 kg
Mother’s Maiden Name : Amelita A. Tobes
Father’s Name : Rocerel S. Betonta
Senior High School

121

2021 – Present
Junior High School

2017 – 2021
Elementary
Can-abugon Elementary School – Ronda, Cebu
2011 – 2017
JAMES D. CABAHUG
Bogo, Argao, Cebu
09610291704
cabahugjames944@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA:
Date of Birth : June 25, 2004

Place of Birth : Cebu, City
Sex : Male
Height : 161 cm
Weight : 50 kg
Mother’s Maiden Name : Bella Nora S. Davin
Father’s Name : Jessie Cabahug
Senior High School

122
2021 – Present
Junior High School

Talaga National High School – Talaga, Argao, Cebu
2017 – 2021
Elementary
Bogo Elementary School – Bogo, Argao, Cebu
2011 – 2017
Gutlang, Argao, Cebu
09637554923
johnlloyd.galeos0520@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA:
Date of Birth : December 10, 2004

Place of Birth : Poblacion, Argao, Cebu
Sex : Male
Height : 162 cm
Weight : 51 kg
Mother’s Maiden Name : Lucena C. Albarando
Father’s Name : Wilbert R. Galeos
Senior High School

2021 – Present
123
Junior High School

Colawin National High School – Colawin, Argao, Cebu
2017 – 2021
Elementary
Gutlang Elementary School – Gutlang, Argao, Cebu
2011 – 2017
Bulasa, Argao, Cebu
09659885630
alliezaalbarracin@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA:
Date of Birth : March 28, 2005

Place of Birth : Lapu-Lapu City
Sex : Male
Height : 160 cm
Weight : 55 kg
Mother’s Maiden Name : Chuchi F. Calledo
Father’s Name : xxxxx
Senior High School

2021 – Present
Junior High School

Saint Michael School – Suba, Argao, Cebu
124
2017 – 2021
Elementary
Bulasa Elementary School – Bulasa, Argao, Cebu
2011 – 2017
Langtad, Argao, Cebu
09667803782
alexavinchmamalias@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA:
Date of Birth : July 07, 2004

Place of Birth : Langtad, Argao, Cebu
Sex : Female
Height : 161 cm
Weight : 45 kg
Mother’s Maiden Name : Corazon Kittiene M. Ortiza
Father’s Name : Alex A. Mamalias
Senior High School

2021 – Present
Junior High School

2017 – 2021
125
Elementary
Langtad Elementary School – Langtad, Argao, Cebu
2011 – 2017
DOCUMENTATION
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Argao National High School

Canbanua, Argao, Cebu

THE IMPACT OF INFLATION RATE TO LOCAL VENDORS IN ARGAO PUBLIC

ALEXA VINCH O. MAMALIAS

JED CHRISTIAN C. LAMES

JOHN LLOYD A. GALEOS

RHEA MAE T. BETONTA

IN ARGAO PUBLIC MARKET

ALEXA VINCH O. MAMALIAS

JED CHRISTIAN C. LAMES

JOHN LLOYD A. GALEOS

RHEA MAE T. BETONTA

The research proposal entitled, “THE IMPACT OF INFLATION RATE TO LOCAL

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ___________.

product/supply, and stocks level.

of tables with plausible explanation.

year period of vending. This has a frequency of 4 and a percentage of 10%.

the impact may not be as significant.

profitability despite inflation.

the completion of our research entitled "THE IMPACT OF INFLATION RATE TO

LOCAL VENDORS IN ARGAO PUBLIC MARKET".

of motivation and inspiration.

To Mr. Arnulfo C. Sarnillo, for the encouragement, comprehension, and

support and guidance were invaluable to us in carrying out this study.

we are forever grateful.

successfully complete this study.

TABLE OF CONTENTS viii

I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE 1

Rationale of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 9

Significance of the Study 11

Scope and Delimitation of the Study 12

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Statistical Treatment of Data 26

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Transmittal Letter to the Principal 62

B. Transmittal Letter to the Municipal Mayor 63

F. Curriculum Vitae 119

Table 2. Years of vending of the Respondents

Table 15. Data Analysis Between Purchasing Power and Customers

Table 16. Data Analysis between Purchasing Power and Price

Table 17. Data Analysis between Purchasing Power and Profitability

Table 18. Data Analysis between Product and cost of production

Table 22. Data Analysis between product and price

Table 26. Data Analysis between Stock level and price

Table 27. Data Analysis between stock level and profitability

Table 29. Data analysis between income and employment

Table 30. Data analysis between income and customer

Table 31. Data analysis between income and price

Table 32. Data analysis between profitability and productivity

Table 33. Data analysis between productivity and price

Table 34. Data analysis between productivity and customer

Table 35. Data analysis between productivity and employment

Table 36. Data analysis between productivity and cost of productio

Rationale of the Study

words, their purchasing power or real—inflation-adjusted—income falls. Real income is a

adjust (or are “sticky,” in economic parlance). In an inflationary environment, unevenly

real income is the single biggest cost of inflation (Oner, 2020).

leading indicator of expected inflation is that commodities respond quickly to widespread

economic shocks (Nath, 2022).

can be forced to act more easily (Serrano, 2021).

counterfactual exercise (Vicek, 2019).

amount of money they earn can only now procure 90,