KARL MARX

Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818, in Trier, Prussian Kingdom (now Western Germany).
He came from a Jewish family that had converted to Protestantism. His father, Heinrich
Marx, was a lawyer who also wrote articles about religious freedom. The family had a strong
intellectual background.

Marx studied at the University of Bonn and later moved to the University of Berlin, where he
engaged in the study of philosophy and history, particularly the works of Hegel. He also
became involved in revolutionary student movements. After completing his doctorate in
1841, Marx attempted to become a university lecturer, but his liberal political views hindered
his academic career.
In the early 1840s, Marx began writing for the Rheinische Zeitung newspaper, where he
began to voice his socialist views. However, the newspaper was closed by the Prussian
government due to Marx’s critical articles against the government and its policies.

In 1843, Marx married Jenny von Westphalen, a Prussian aristocrat who supported his views.
They had seven children together, although only three survived to adulthood.

In 1844, Marx met Friedrich Engels, a philosopher and economist who became his lifelong
partner. Together, they produced some of the most influential works in the history of political
thought, including the “Communist Manifesto” (1848) and “Das Kapital” (Volume I
published in 1867).

In 1848, Marx and Engels were active in the 1848 Revolution, which influenced many
countries in Europe. However, the revolution failed, and Marx was exiled from many
European countries due to his radical views. He eventually settled in London, where he spent
the rest of his life.

During his exile, Marx continued to write, study political economy, and influence the
international labor movement. He died on March 14, 1883, but his intellectual legacy,
particularly his theories on capitalism, exploitation, and revolution, continue to influence
political and economic thought to this day.

Famous quotes by Karl Marx reflecting his revolutionary thinking include:

- “Proletarier aller Länder, vereinigt euch!” (Workers of the world, unite!) – This is the
closing statement of the “Communist Manifesto,” urging workers to unite in their
struggle against capitalism.

- “Religion is the opium of the people.” – Marx viewed religion as a tool of oppression
used by the ruling class to maintain social status quo.

- “The oppressed are allowed once every few years to decide which particular
representatives of the oppressing class are to represent and repress them.” (Kaum
tertindas diizinkan sekali setiap beberapa tahun untuk memutuskan representan kelas
penindas mana yang akan mewakili dan menindas mereka.)
Nama:M.Firrad.Ghiyats.Adji.Fadawkaz/20