January 3, 2018

MOM-I project report

shear force and bending moment analysis of scissor jack saw
Muhammad Idrees Saqib (210501012)

Malik Haider Ali (210501043)

Submitted to: DR. ZUBAIR

Contents
INTRODUCTION:............................................................................................................................ 2
What is a jack?........................................................................................................................... 2
SCISSOR SCREW JACK:................................................................................................................2
Here is an image of scissor screw jack:......................................................................................2
CONSTRUCTION OF SCISSOR SCREW JACK:................................................................................2
DESIGN AND LIFT OF SCREW JACK:............................................................................................3
APPLICATION OF SCISSOR SCREW JACK:........................................................................................3
Advantages of screw jack:..............................................................................................................4
CALCULATIONS:............................................................................................................................. 5
Calculations for angle:............................................................................................................... 5
Free body diagram of screw jack:..............................................................................................6
SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM:......................................................................8
RESULTS:........................................................................................................................................ 9
CONCLUSION:................................................................................................................................ 9
REFERENCES:..................................................................................................................................9
INTRODUCTION:
What is a jack?
A jack is a mechanical device used as a lifting device to lift heavy loads or apply great
forces. Jacks employ a screw thread or hydraulic cylinder to apply linear forces.

There are several types of jacks.

 Scissors screw jack(uses a threaded screw)

 Hydraulic screw jack(uses a hydraulic fluid)
In this project we analyze Scissor screw jack which uses a threaded screw in its working.

SCISSOR SCREW JACK:

A scissor jack is operated simply by turning a small crank that is inserted into one end of
the scissor jack. This crank is usually "Z" shaped. The end fits into a ring hole mounted on the
end of the screw, which is the object of force on the scissor jack. When this crank is turned, the
screw turns, and this raises the jack. The screw acts like a gear mechanism. It has teeth (the
screw thread), which turn and move the two arms, producing work. Just by turning this screw
thread, the scissor jack can lift a vehicle that is several thousand pounds.

Here is an image of scissor screw jack:

CONSTRUCTION OF SCISSOR SCREW JACK:

A scissor jack has four main pieces of metal and two base ends.

 Top bracket
 Upper arm
 Screw
 Lower arm
 Foot of jack
 The four metal pieces are all connected at the corners with a bolt that allows the
corners to swivel. A screw thread runs across this assembly and through the corners. As the
screw thread is turned, the jack arms travel across it and collapse or come together, forming a
straight line when closed. Then, moving back the other way, they raise and come together.
When opened, the four metal arms contract together, coming together at the middle, raising
the jack. When closed, the arms spread back apart and the jack closes or flattens out again.

DESIGN AND LIFT OF SCREW JACK:

A scissor jack uses a simple theory of gears to get its power. As the screw section is
turned, two ends of the jack move closer together. Because the gears of the screw are pushing
up the arms, the amount of force being applied is multiplied. It takes a very small amount of
force to turn the crank handle, yet that action causes the brace arms to slide across and
together. As this happens the arms extend upward.

Here is schematic illustration of lifting Scissor screw jack:

The car's gravitational weight is not enough to prevent the jack from opening or to stop
the screw from turning, since it is not applying force directly to it. If you were to put pressure
directly on the crank, or lean your weight against the crank, the person would not be able to
turn it, even though his weight is a small percentage of car.

APPLICATION OF SCISSOR SCREW JACK:

The large area of sliding contact between the screw threads means jackscrews have high
friction and low efficiency as power transmission linkages, around 30%–50%. So they are not
often used for continuous transmission of high power, but more often in intermittent
positioning application.

In heavy-duty applications, such as screw jacks, a square thread or buttress thread is used,
because it has the lowest friction and wear.
Here are some example of its use:

 They are used to lift heavy load against gravity like cars and other heavy vehicles.
 Screw jacks help get the heavy containers where they need to go quickly, accurately and
safely.
 They provide maximum safety at airports. Faster – stronger – safer
 They are used in industries to keep the load in lifted positions for longer time.
 Due to the leverage obtained by handle force required to raise load is very less and can be
applied manually also.
 They are used I automobile lifting.
 Used in daily life to lift heavy loads, due to their easy use.
 They are used in equipment manufacturing industry.
 Screw jacks are used in steel industry.

Advantages of screw jack:

Screw jack has a number of advantages over hydraulic jacks, due to their simplicity and
other factors ad discussed above. Some of their advantaged are,

 They can easily lift loaded vehicles.

 Checking and cleaning is easy because main parts are screwed.
 Handling is easy than hydraulic jacks.
 No manual power is required.
 They are easy to repair and replacement of parts is very easy.
CALCULATIONS:
Assume,

The maximum capacity for the scissor jack is the 600 kg.

Maximum Load = 600 kg

F= 600 * 9.81 = 5886 N

L= 145 mm,

The length of the arms (From hole center to hole center)

e = 180 mm

The length from base to top center of holes (At Minimum raising height of the jack)

(Assembly of screw jack taken for calculations)

Calculations for angle:

e /2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼=
L
180° /2
=
145

=0.62,

𝛼=51.6°
Free body diagram of screw jack:

Apply the summation of forces, to find the forces in screw jack arm:

Σ𝐹x=0

𝐹1∙𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼−𝐹2∙𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼=0

𝐹1∙𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼=𝐹2∙𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼

𝐹1=𝐹2

Now Apply,

Σ𝐹y=0

𝐹1∙𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼+𝐹2∙𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼−𝐹=0

As 𝐹1 = 𝐹2, so

2∙𝐹1∙𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼=𝐹

𝐹1=𝐹/2∙𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼

𝐹1=5886/2∙cos (51.6)

F1 = 4738 N

𝐹1=𝐹2=4738 𝑁
Now determining the forces on the joints of handles and screw,

Apply

Σ𝐹𝑦=0

𝐹1∙𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼−𝐹3∙𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼=0

𝐹1∙𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼=𝐹3∙𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼

𝐹1=𝐹3

Apply:

Σ𝐹𝑥=0

𝐹1∙𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼+𝐹3∙𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼−𝐹𝑆=0

As 𝐹 1= 𝐹 3

𝐹𝑆=2∙𝐹1∙𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼

𝐹𝑆=2∙4738∙sin(51.6)

𝐹𝑆=7426 𝑁

𝐹𝑆/=7426 𝑁

Also

𝐹3 = 4738 N
As the loading in jack is symmetric so the forces on the other members will have same
magnitude but will be opposite in direction to each other due to the reaction forces.

So it becomes

𝐹1/ = -4738 N

F2/ = -4738 N

F3/ = -4738 N

F4 = 4738 N

F4/ = -4738 N

Now, solving the system graphically for shear force and bending moment diagrams, we have

SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM:

  Minimum shear force is across the half length of screw arm
 Maximum bending moment lies across the half length of screw arm.

RESULTS:
 For the above calculations and theoretically drawn results it is deduced that the
angle decreased as the lift of screw jack increase and as a result shear force and
bending moment is the structure decrease.

 At maximum raising height of the jack the angle is minimum, therefore shear
force and bending moments are minimum at the maximum lift of screw jack.

 The force acting at the joints of screw jack decrease as the lift of screw jack
increase and this force is minimum at the maximum lift of screw jack.

 Maximum loading force will act at the minimum raising height of the jack, since
the angle become maximum in this condition.
 Max shear force & bending moment will act at minimum raising height of jack,
due to increase in the angle as shown above in calculations.
 Minimum shear force and maximum bending moment will act at maximum height
of screw jack.

CONCLUSION:
Screw jacks are ideal for pull, put, and rise or to change the position of load. The need
has long existed for improved portable jack for automobile vehicle. Such a jack should be light
and compact that it can be easily stored in trunk. Their number of advantages over hydraulic
jacks make then quite important in daily life and have a vast applications in industrial as well as
daily life. The above analysis of screw jack arm shows that the shear force and bending
moments that act on the bolts or the arm of screw jack decrease with the lift of screw jack
because the angle (Alpha as mentioned in FBD) decrease with the lift.at the minimum height of
screw jack maximum shear force and bending moment acts on the jack arm and bolts

REFERENCES:
 https://www.howitworksdaily.com/how-do-scissor-jacks-lift-cars/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackscrew
 http://www.polimak.com/Screw_Jack.htm
 http://www.citycollegiate.com/machine5.htm
 https://www.slideshare.net/abhisheknaik018/screw-jack-47011977