PAPER

“CLAUSE”

Syntax

Arranged by:

MAGFIRAH NURDIN (1952044003)

SL 2019

ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MAKASSAR
2019
DEFINITION OF CLAUSE
 Clause is a group of words containing a subjek or predicate. Predicate here can be a verb.
Either in the form of an adjective, noun, or other.
 Clause is a group of words that fills a slot in sentence level.
 Clause is a grammatical unit or a part of sentence
 Clause is a group of words that contains, S + P + O + Adv

Example:
a. My little sister cries
b. They went to Bali

In English grammar, clause can be divided into two groups, yes it is:
1. Independent Clause
2. Dependent Clause

 Independent Clause
Independent clause is a clause that can stand alone as a main sentence or major
sentence. Independent clauses consist of subjects, verbs / predicates without other words such
as objects followed. One sentence consisting of independent clauses includes a simple
sentence.
Example:
a. She looks beautiful.
b. My father come home late.

a) The Types of Independent Clause

1. Transitive clause is one that is used with an object.
Example:
a. The boy kicked the ball toward the goal.
b. I have painted my walls in broken white.

2. Intransitive clause is a clause that is the verb is not used with an object.
Example:
a. If you arrive late, I’ll go to the bookstore without you.
b. He always comes on time.

3. Equative clause is a clause which describes its subject.

Example:
a. He is a doctor.
b. She is the queen.
 Dependent Clause
Dependent clause is a group of words that have one subject and one verb but whose
meaning is incomplete. Standings depend on Sentences cannot stand alone.
Example:
a. When I arrived, Dina was sleeping.
b. After they left on the bus, I followed him.

Characteristics of Dependent Clause

1. Using a conjunction or conjunctions like: but, and, or, so, for, or yet.
2. Has a dependent marker word: because, however, after, before, in order to, when,
whole, although, since, wherever, though, even if, whenever, even though, etc.

b) The Types of Dependent Clause

1. Nominal clause is dependent clause which functions as a Noun (Noun). Most noun
clause usually begins with a question like who, what, where, which, when, whether,
whomever, why, etc.
Example:
a. I don’t know where he lives.
b. I keep thinking about what happened yesterday.

2. Adjective Clause is dependent clause which functions as an adjective and explains

the noun or pronoun in the main clause of a complex sentence. Adjective clause
begins with a word called relative pronoun (who, whom, that, which, whose, etc)
which functions to bridge the relationship with the nouns or pronouns that are
explained.
Example:
a. He is the man who works hard to support their daily needs.
Adjective clause explain noun (the man) which function as subject complement.
b. The woman whom you saw last night is my sister.
Adjective clause explain noun (the woman) which function as subject sentence.

3. Adverbial clause are dependent clause that function as adverb. When using an
adverb clause, we must use a conjunction which serves to connect the adverb clause
with an independent sentence after it. There are conjuction to connect like when,
after, because, and although, more than.
Example:
a. The girl, although she is very smart, failed final test.
b. He really enjoyed the movie more than his coffe.
The Types of Adverbial Clause
1. Adverbial locative/place clause
This adverb clause serves to provide a description of the place.
Anywhere, everywhere, where, wherever are the most frequently used
conjunctions for this type of adverb.
Example:
a. Wherever I go, litle Jimmie always follows me around.
b. Lisa will bring me to anywhere I want to go.

2. Adverbial temporal/time clause

This adverb clause is used to describe time. The conjunctions that are
often used for this type of adverb clause include: after, before, by the time,
when dan until.
Example:
a. After I finish talking with him, I will meet you.
b. Should I wait for you until you come?

3. Adverbial manner clause

This adverbial clause is used to add an adverb in a sentence that shows
how. The most commonly used conjunctions are: as, as if, how, like, as
although.
Example:
a. I have delivered your message to Raina as what you told me yesterday.
b. They do not care with others like they are the only one there.

4. Adverbial reason clause

To add a description of a reason. Commonly used conjunctions of this
type of adverb include: because, since, in order that.
Example:
a. I did not go to school yesterday because I ill.
b. My father will be leaving from office earlier in order that his can fetch
my sister.

5. Adverbial purpose clause

Adverbial clause of purpose is used when we want to add an adverb that
tells the purpose. So that, lest, in the hope that is a conjunction that is widely
used in this type of adverb clause.
Example:
a. We will depart to the venue 30 minutes earlier lest we will be late.
b. Dimas provide some food to me so that I can feel enjoy it.
 6. Adverbial conditional clause
To add an adverb in the form of a conditional event that has certain
conditions. The conjunctions of this type of adverb include: if, as long as,
only if, otherwise, unless.
Example:
a. Rendy will come to my party as long as there is who can accompany him
to.
b. I will not forgive you unless you admit it.

REFERENCE

 Az Bahasa Inggris, Adverb Clause from https://azbahasainggris.com/adverb-clause

 Glossary of Linguistic Terms, Equative Clause from
https://glossary.sil.org/term/equative-clause
 Belajar Bahasa Inggris Online, Clause from wordsmile.com on website
https://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-macam-contoh-kalimat-clause
 Language Center (LC), Penjelasan, Ciri Beserta Contoh Dependent Clause dan
Independent from https://www.kampunginggris.id/penjelasan-ciri-beserta-contoh-
independent-dan-dependentclauses#:~:text=Contohnya.
 Sederet, Clauses: Independent Clause dan Dependent Clause from
https://www.sederet.com/tutorial/clauses-independent-clause-dan-dependent-clause/
 Bahasa Inggris Pro, Adverbial Clause from https://bahasainggris.pro/clause/adverbial-
clause