COMMONWEALTH PERIOD

MANUEL L. QUEZON
❑ The First Filipino President of the
Commonwealth of the Philippines
under American rule.
❑ 1935 – 1944
❑ He was advocating the Filipino
language
COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
JOSE P. LAUREL
o President of the Second Republic
o He defended the interests and resisted Japanese
efforts to draft Filipinos to the Japanese.
o He was imprisoned in Japan when Douglas
McArthur occupied the Philippines.
o He returned to the Philippines to face charges of
treason, but were dropped when Pres. Roxas
issued an amnesty.
o He was elected as Senator and negotiated the
Laurel-Langley Agreement.
SERGIO OSMENA, SR. (1944-1946)
 THE EARLY REPUBLIC
MANUEL ROXAS
• BORN ON: January 1, 1892
• DIED ON: April 15, 1948 due to heart failure
• Political Leader and First President Republic of the
Philippines
• He briefly served as the third and last President of the
Commonwealth of the Philippines from May 28, 1946 to
July 4, 1946
• First President of the Third Republic after the United
States ceded its sovereignty over the Philippines.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF MANUEL ROXAS ADMINISTRATION

• Roxas adopted a pro-American and anti-communist

foreign policy;
• Two Parties: Nacionalista Party; Liberal Party.
• Agreements and Treaties he concluded in his two year:
1. Treaty of General Relations with the United States,
July 4, 1946
2. War Surplus Property Agreement – Sept 11, 1946
3. Military Agreement – March 14, 1947
4. Military Assistance Agreement – March 21, 1947
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF MANUEL ROXAS ADMINISTRATION

Ratified a plebiscite of March

11, 1947 “Parity Amendment”
granted to the American citizens
equal rights with the Filipinos in
developing and exploiting the
natural resources and public
utilities.
BELL TRADE ACT
 General Amnesty

Guerillas and people who served in key

positions during the Japanese occupation
may be reinstated in the government.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF ELPIDIO QUIRINO ADMINISTRATION
❖ Sixth President
❖ Second President of the Third Republic
❖ Term: April 17, 1948 to November 10, 1953
❖ Political leader and second president of the 3rd Republic of
the Philippines.
❖ ACHIEVEMENTS:
1. He conducted his “fireside chats” which he gave weekly
telling his audience the activities of his administration;
2. He granted the Presidents’ Action Committee on Social
Amelioration (PACSA) to help the needy;
3. He established rural banks to facilitate credit in rural
areas.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF ELPIDIO QUIRINO ADMINISTRATION

During his term, the armed communists

led an uprising which at one time
threatened the existence of the Republic.
In 1953 elections, Quirino war defeated
by the former Secretary of National
Defense Ramon Magsaysay.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF RAMON MAGSAYSAY ADMINISTRATION

❖ Seventh President
❖ Third President of the Third Republic of the
Philippines
❖ Term: December 30, 1953 to March 17, 1957
❖ Best known for successfully defeating the
communist led Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa
mga Hapon (HUKBALAHAP) Movement
❖ Idol of the masses, champion of democracy,
and freedom fighter.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF RAMON MAGSAYSAY ADMINISTRATION
he saved democracy in the Philippines;
he brought the government closer to the people;
he improved the barrios;
he promoted nationalism by popularizing the
wearing of barong tagalog and propagating the
national language;
he held the “Manila International Conference of
1954” which resulted in the organization of
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) in
September 8, 1954.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF RAMON MAGSAYSAY ADMINISTRATION

he signed the Reparation Agreement

with Japan on May 9, 1956;
President Magsaysay’s term was to
have ended December 1957, but he
died in March of the same year when his
plane crashed at Mount Manunggal in
Cebu.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF CARLOS P. GARCIA ADMINISTRATION

❖ Fourth President of the Third Republic of the

Philippines
❖ Term: March 18, 1957 to December 30, 1961
❖ Famous for his austerity program and policy.
He maintained the strong tradition ties with the
United States and sought closer relation with
non-communist Asian countries.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF CARLOS P. GARCIA ADMINISTRATION

❖ He was among the top ten in the bar exam.

❖ Rather than practice law right away, he first
served the country by being a teacher for two
years at Bohol Provincial High School.
❖ He became famous for his poetry in Bohol,
where he earned the nickname "Prince of
Visayan Poets" and the "Bard from
Bohol".
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF CARLOS P. GARCIA ADMINISTRATION

On March 18, 1957 took his oath of office to

serve the unexpired term of President
Magsaysay.
In the presidential election of November 12,
1957, he ran for presidency and won, under the
Nacionalista party, but unfortunately his running
mate, Jose P. Laurel Jr. was defeated by
Congressman Diosdado Macapagal.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF CARLOS P. GARCIA ADMINISTRATION

ACHIEVEMENTS:
1. Strengthened democracy in the country;
2. Adopted the “Filipino First Policy” which
encouraged Filipino businessmen to engage in trade
foreign and domestic;
3. Revival of the Filipino culture by sponsoring the
annual Republic Cultural Heritage Awards to
Filipino writers, scientist, and artists;
4. Encourage world tours of Bayanihan Dance
troops and other folk dance groups;
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF CARLOS P. GARCIA ADMINISTRATION

5. Created the Jose Rizal Centennial

Commission which took charge of “the
preparation for a dignified celebration of
the first centenary of the “National Hero
of the Philippines, Jose Rizal” on June
19, 1971.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
ADMINISTRATION

❖ Fifth President of the Third Republic of the

Philippines
❖ Term: December 30, 1961 to December 30, 1965
❖ Poet, politician, lawyer, diplomat, statesman,
economist and intellectual.
❖ Born to poverty but rose due to diligence and
brilliance. Best known as the "Champion of
the Common Man”.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
ADMINISTRATION

ACHIEVEMENTS:
1. Used the National Language in
diplomatic credentials, passports,
stamps, and traffic signs;
2. Gave typhoons Filipino names;
The Marcos and Early Post- Marcos Era
o Ferdinand Marcos was elected to the presidency on
November 1965
o 1969, the first elected president in the Philippines to
win re-election.
o Sept 1972, Marcos declared Martial Law, claiming that
it was the last defense against the rising disorder
caused by increasingly violent student demonstrations
alleged by CPP and MNLF.
o 1973, he proclaimed the ratification of a new constitution
based on the parliamentary system, with himself as both
president and prime minister.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF FERDINAND MARCOS ADMINISTRATION

he embarked on a number of socio-economic

development program aimed at improving the
national economy and raising the living
standards of the people;
he launched a massive infrastructure program
that had many roads, bridges, irrigation
systems, school, houses, and other public
works built or improved;
he pressed Congress to enact new tax and
other revenue laws;
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF FERDINAND MARCOS ADMINISTRATION

he invited the seven free world

countries – United States, New
Zealand, South Korea, Thailand, South
Vietnam to hold a summit conference in
Manila from October 24-25, 1966 to
discuss how to stem the surging tides
of communism in Southeast Asia.
Your Date Here YOUR FOOTER HERE 32
Your Date Here YOUR FOOTER HERE 33
Your Date Here YOUR FOOTER HERE 34
Your Date Here YOUR FOOTER HERE 35
Your Date Here YOUR FOOTER HERE 36
Your Date Here YOUR FOOTER HERE 37
The Downfall of Marcos and Return of Democratic Government

• The assassination of Benigno Aquino as he

returned to Manila in August 1983 was
generally thought to have been the work of the
military and it became the focal point of a
renewed and more heavily supported
opposition to Marcos’s rule.
• By 1985, Marcos under mounting pressure
both inside and out of the PH, called a snap
presidential election for February 1986.
The Downfall of Marcos and Return of Democratic Government

✔ Corazon C. Aquino, Benigno’s widow, became

the candidate of a coalition of opposition
parties, Marcos was declared the official
winner but strong public outcry over the
election results, Aquino assumed the
presidency
✔ Aquino has a great personal popularity and
widespread international. After that, she
abolished the constitution of 1973 and began
ruling by decree
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF CORAZON AQUINO ADMINISTRATION
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF CORAZON AQUINO ADMINISTRATION
The Philippines Since 1990
FIDEL VALDEZ RAMOS
•BORN ON: MARCH 18, 1928
•12TH PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES (1992-1998)
✔ Fidel Ramos received less than 24% of the overall
vote.
✔ Ramos was a former army chief of staff and defense
minister under Aquino.
✔ He was unpopular in some quarters because he had
headed the agency charged with enforcing martial
law under Marcos before turning against Marcos to
give crucial support to Aquino in 1986
The Philippines Since 1990

✔ Ramos administration remedied the energy

crisis and proceeded to create a hospitable
environment for economic recovery.
✔ The Asian financial crisis that swept the
region in 1997, the PH economy was stable
enough to escape serious damage.
✔ Ramos’s foreign policy also earned positive
diplomatic gains for the country abroad.
The Philippines Since 1990

JOSE MARCELO EJERCITO

•BORN ON: APRIL 19, 1937
•13TH PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES (1998-2001)
He is a former movie star, mayor of a small
town in Metro Manila, senator and vice
president of Ramos. Estrada was impeached in
November 2000, charged with bribery, graft and
corruption, betrayal of the public trust and
culpable violation of the constitution.
The Philippines 2000
MARIA GLORIA MACARAEG
MACAPAGAL – ARROYO
•BORN ON: APRIL 5, 1947
•14TH PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES (2001-2010)
She is the vice president of Estrada. A daughter of
Diosdado Macapagal with doctorate in economics. She
faced different challenges of leading a democracy,
stimulating the economy to grow faster than the
population. In early December, Arroyo broke with the
clan and declared martial law in a portion of Mindanao
(the first time it had been imposed since Marcos era)
The Philippines 2000
•BENIGNO SIMEON AQUINO III
also called Noynoy, (born February 8, 1960, Manila,
Philippines—died June 24, 2021, Manila), Filipino
politician who served as president of the Philippines
(2010–16).
Aquino’s chief domestic accomplishment was the
conclusion of a peace agreement with the Moro Islamic
Liberation Front (MILF) in October 2012. Economic
growth in the Philippines was strong during Aquino’s
administration, but unemployment remained high, and
opposition politicians argued that the benefits chiefly
accrued to the country’s elite.
The Philippines 2000