Patterns of development in writing already knows.

Contrast may be used to explain how

Patterns of Development -A pattern of development
is the way the essay is organized, from one
paragraph to the next.
thesis statement clearly identifies the topic being
discussed, includes the points discussed in the paper,
and is written for a specific audience.
the new concept is different from the old one, how it
has its own identity.
7.Cause and effect
A cause tells us the reason why something happened
while an effect tells us the results. A topic for a
cause-effect paragraph starts with a situation or
condition.

1.Narration 8..Problem-Solution
➤It tells a story • A problem in general is an unsatisfactory situation
-It relates an incident or a series of events that leads that causes troubles or difficulties. Therefore, it
to a conclusion or ending. needs a solution, a way to deal with the situation so
-It tells the readers when, where, and what that the troubles or difficulties are removed.
happened

A narrative paragraph contains action verbs and

transition words that indicate time or sequence.
transition words used to signal time or sequence
order:

2.Description
• Description gives information of what a person, an
object, a place, or a situation is like. It appeals to the
reader's senses; it makes the reader see, hear, taste,
Variations of the problem- solution pattern
smell, or feel the subject.
• Problem-Solution- is a straightforward approach
• A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific
• Problem-Cause-Solution- the cause of the problem
details,.
is identified and analyzed before a possible solution
is presented.
Two types of description
• Problem-Process- Solution- the process or
Objective-provides a factual picture of something
procedure is discussed extensively.
Subjective shares an impression or feeling
9.Persuasive Paragraph
3.Definition
A persuasive paragraph intends to convince readers
Definition explains a concept, term, or subject. Its
to do or believe in
main purpose is to tell what something is. It consists
WRITING PROCESS
of three parts:
1. State the issue. This will serve as a background
(1) the term, concept, or subject to be defined;
information about the topic.
(2) the general class to which it belongs, and
Pause
(3) the characteristics that differentiate it from the
2. Have a clear, strong and specific argument
other members of its class.
something.
3. Support your arguments with a well-researched
4.Exemplification is one of the most common and
evidences
effective ways to show or explain an idea or point
4. Lastly, write a conclusion.
5.Classification refers to sorting or arranging
subjects

6.Comparison and contrast

Comparison attempts to help the reader understand
a new concept by likening it to one that the reader

PROPERTIES OF A WELL-WRITTEN TEXT
1. Text organization- it makes a text easy to
read. It prevents the reader from becoming
confused by a jumbled of words, sentences, and
paragraphs that are in no particular order..
TECHNIQUES:
 Physical format- is immediately
apparent to the reader. It is seen in
how the text physically appears
 Signal words- are textual cues that
readers can use to follow a text.
 Structure- provides the framework upon
which the text is organized.
It consist of the following:
 Beginning: introduction, thesis statement,
hook
 Middle: supporting details
 End: conclusion, summary, final message
2. Coherence and Cohesion- Coherence and
cohesion make your text easier for your readers
to follow and understand
 Cohesion is the connection of ideas to the
central concept of a text. .
 Coherence is the relationship of ideas
between sentences
Words with Unwanted connotations - There
are words that take on a meaning specific to a
context. Some writers might not be aware of
these connotations, so they end up using
language that is unintentionally confusing,
comical or even offensive to readers.
Technical or Highfalutin Words- Writers want
to sound smart by using words that are very
technical or have deep meanings.
4. Mechanics - are conventions that have to be
considered in writing.
Some of these conventions are spelling,
punctuation, and capitalization.
SPELLING - When you write, always make sure
that you are consistently using one standard
with regard to the spelling of your words.
PUNCTUATION-is the act of using a system of
symbols such as the comma, period, quotation
marks, question marks, etc. that are used to
give structure to and organize a text
CAPITALIZATION - is the act of writing the first
letter of a word in uppercase while the rest of
the letters are in lowercase.

A text with cohesion has a central concept or

“glue” that hold all the different ideas together..

A text with coherence has ideas that are

logically sequenced in a way that is easy to
follow for the reader.

3. Language Use- Proper language use allows

you to capture the message that you want to
convey to your readers
However writers sometimes encounter
problems with the following:
Misused Words- A writer might sometimes use
a word incorrectly, and this occurs when the
word does not mean what he or she thinks it
does.