ARCHITECTURE

INSTRUCTOR: JOHN PAUL T. FELIZAR

 What is architecture?
• Architecture is the art and science of
designing and constructing buildings,
bridges, and other structures to satisfy
individual and c ommunal needs
• It is a c omplex ar t
• Not only the exter ior, but also the?
 Kinds of Architectural
Post and Lintel Construction
• The post and lintel consist of a
horizontal beam called lintel and
two vertical posts to support it. It
is usually found in doors and
entrances.
Stonehenge
 Kinds of Architectural
Construction
Cantilever • Similar to the post and lintel, the
cantilever has two vertical posts for
support and a horizontal beam with
one end more extended than the
other Oftentimes, steel is used for
this type of architectural
construction because of its tensile
strength
 Kinds of Architectural
Construction
Arch • The arch consists of several wedge-
shaped blocks of stone called
voussoirs held together by a key
stone
• It serves to support other
structures such as roofs and to be a
symbolic gateway
Types of arch – Pointed Arch
Types of arch – Horse Shoe Arch
Types of arch – Flat Arch
Types of arch – Segmental Arch
Types of arch – Semi-circular
Arch
Types of arch – Venetian Arch
Types of arch – Semi-elliptical
Arch
 DOME

• The dome is à large

hemispherical roof or ceiling that
looks like an inverted cup. It is an
extension of the principle of the
arch capable of enclosing a wide
area
 VAULT
• The vault is an arched structure
of masonry usually forming a
roof or ceiling. Similar to the
dome, it is an extension of the
principle of the arch capable of
enclosing a vast expanse of
space
Types of vault – Cross Vault
Types of vault – Barrel Vault
Types of vault – Cloister Vault
Types of vault – Groin Vault
 TRUSS

• The truss consists of a braced

framework of beams or bars
forming one or more triangles.
An assemblage of beams
forming a rigid framework, it is
usually used to suppor t the?
 Medium used in
Architecture

LIGHT MATERIALS - include paper, nipa,

bamboo, and other light wood. All, except paper,
form part of nipa huts and similar dwellings in
tropical countries. The advantage of these
materials is that they allow for good ventilation.
 Medium used in
Architecture
HEAVY MATERIALS - The trend now is
toward the use of heavy materials which are not
only fire-resistant but also durable and able to
withstand natural forces such as earthquakes,
landslides, storms, and floods. These materials
are hardwood, stone, concrete (combination of
cement, gravel, and sand), brick, steel, and cast
iron.
 HISTORY OF
ARCHITECTURE
 PREHISTORIC PERIOD
• Egyptians were among the ancient civilizations who came
up with enormous architectural works.
• Egyptians were among the ancient civilizations who came
up with enormous architectural works.
 GREEK PERIOD
• The Parthenon typifies the architecture of this period.
Adorned with relief sculpture by Phidias and his
assistants, it exemplifies the post-and-lintel system of
architecture
 ROMAN PERIOD
• Colosseum o r Colis eum, also known as the Flavian
Amphitheatre
 MEDIEVAL PERIOD
• The architecture during the Middle Ages is divided into four
artistic styles: Early Christian, Byzantine, Romanesque,
and Gothic.

Old Basilica of St. Peter Hagia Sophia

 RENAISSANCE PERIOD
• Renaissance architecture involved t he c onstruction of
aristocratic residences called palazzos

Palazzo Medic i in Florence, Italy

Dome of the Florence
• Renaissance architecture involved t he c onstruction of
aristocratic residences called palazzos
BAROQUE PERIOD

Church of San Carlo alle Quatro Fontane

 MODERN PERIOD
• An Int ernational Style of architecture and design, which
gradually spread throughout the industrial world.

Walt Disney Concert Hall The Bosjes Chapel by Steyn Studio:

Floating at the foot of Waaihoek Mountain
 LOCAL
ARCHITECTS
LEANDRO Philippine International Convention Center

LOCSIN

Cultural Center of the Philippines

 JUAN
NAKPIL
Quezon Hall – UP Diliman
FRANCISCO
MANOSA
San Miguel Cor poration Building
 CARLOS
SANTOS-VIOLA
 ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGNS IN THE WORLD

TAJ MAHAL KREMLIN & RED SQUARE

 ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGNS IN THE WORLD

NOTRE-DAME CATHEDRAL
EIFFEL TOWER
 ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGNS IN THE WORLD

KINKAKU JI TEMPLE
LEANING TOWER OF PISA
 ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGNS IN THE WORLD

SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE BURJ KHALIFA

 FOR YOUR ACTIVITY
Design your group house
A.
B.
C
.