Basic

Calculus

Derivative
(Lesson 2)
March 12, 2024
Mrs. Irene Oriarte
The Limit Definition
of Derivative
Imagine that you own
a company that
produces wicker
baskets. The cost of
the production
depends on the
quantity
manufactured.
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The rate at which the
production cost
changes with respect
to the number of
items produced is the
marginal cost. This is
an application of
Calculus in economics.
4
 In this lesson, we will revisit the slope of the
tangent line. Its applications in different fields
made it a basis of a fundamental concept of
Calculus, which is what we call the derivative.

5
Why is the equation for the
slope of the tangent line
important in Calculus and in
other fields?

6
● Real-life Application of
Calculus?
Try It!
 Learning Competencies
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following:

● Apply the definition of the derivative of a

function at a given number (STEM_BC11D-
IIIe-2).

● Relate the derivative of a function to the

slope of the tangent line (STEM_BC11D-
IIIe-3).
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 Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following:

● Define the derivative of a function.

● Relate the derivative of a function to the slope of

the tangent line.

● Solve for the derivative of a function.

● Apply the definition of the derivative of a function

at a given number.
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 Slope and Equation of a Tangent Line

Recall:
The slope of the tangent line of a function 𝑓(𝑥) at (𝑎, 𝑓 𝑎 )
is given by

𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑚 = lim .
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥−𝑎

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 Slope and Equation of a Tangent Line

An alternative form of this equation that we will be using

hereafter is

𝑓 𝑎 + ℎ − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑚 = lim ,
ℎ→0 ℎ

where ℎ = 𝑥 − 𝑎.

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 Slope and Equation of a Tangent Line

Consequently, the equation of the tangent line is given by

𝑦−𝑓 𝑎 =𝑚 𝑥−𝑎 .

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 Slope and Equation of a Tangent Line

The slope of the tangent line to the function 𝑓(𝑥) at

(𝑎, 𝑓 𝑎 ) is called the derivative of 𝒇 at 𝒂:

′
𝑓 𝑎 + ℎ − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑓 𝑎 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

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 Slope and Equation of a Tangent Line

The equation of the tangent line is given by

𝑦 − 𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑓′(𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑎).

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 Let’s Practice!

Solve for the slope of the tangent line to the parabola

𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝟏 at 𝒙 = 𝟑.

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 Let’s Practice!

Solve for the slope of the tangent line to the parabola

𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝟏 at 𝒙 = 𝟑.

𝟏𝟎

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Let’s Practice!
 Let’s Practice!

Given that 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟑 , solve for 𝒇′ −𝟐 . Interpret

what this value means.

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 Let’s Practice!

Given that 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟑 , solve for 𝒇′ −𝟐 . Interpret

what this value means.

𝒇′ −𝟐 = −𝟏𝟏 is the slope of the tangent line to the

function 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟑 at 𝒙 = −𝟐.

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Let’s Practice!
 Let’s Practice!

𝒇′ −𝟐 = −𝟏𝟏 is the slope of the tangent line to the

function 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟑 at 𝒙 = −𝟐.
What do we mean by the
derivative of a function at a
number?

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 The Derivative of a Function

The derivative of a function 𝒇 with respect to 𝑥 is

defined by the equation

′
𝒇 𝒙 + 𝒉 − 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 .
𝒉→𝟎 𝒉

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 The Derivative of a Function

The domain of 𝑓 ′ consists of the 𝑥 values in the domain

of 𝑓 where the limit exists.

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 The Derivative of a Function

Consider the function 𝑓 𝑥 . Its derivative 𝑓′(𝑥) gives the

slope of the tangent line at any 𝑥 value in the domain of
𝑓(𝑥).

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 Let’s Practice!

Solve for the derivative of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟔 with

respect to 𝒙.

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 Let’s Practice!

Solve for the derivative of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟔 with

respect to 𝒙.

𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓

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Try It!

Solve for the derivative of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙

with respect to 𝒙.

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ASSIGNMENT
Try It!

Exponent
Exponent of x of the
of x Derivative

● Assignment
ASSIGNMENT
Try It!

Exponent
Exponent of x of the
of x Derivative

● Assignment
 •Define research
•Comprehend the
importance of research in
Objectives daily life.
•Realize own research
experiences and
knowledge
What are you
feeling now?
 How are you feeling?

A B C

D E F
Are you calm?

Do you feel like a blank

sheet?
Reflect!
What comes to
your mind when
you encounter
sudden change in
your life?
Tensed?
What does the
story imply?
 Characteristics
Inquisitive
Curious
Hunger for knowledge
 What comes first to your mind
when we think of research?

Research
 Experiment

Product of
Development
Research Investigation

Inquiry
RESEARCH
Searching for answers
Find and report new
knowledge
Importance of
Research

To better understand or
describe phenomenon
 Why Research
is Important?

Gather relevant information

Improve quality of life

Personal & professional development

Gather relevant information
- springboard

- for conducting new study

- basis for planning

Gather relevant information
Example:

- Developing new product for the

company
 Gather relevant information
Example:
Social Weather Station (SWS) Survey
- Survey on Stress
- Experiences of Filipinos during pandemic
- Women experienced greater stress than men
- Late adolescents experience greater stress too
 Why Research
is Important?

Gather relevant information

Improve quality of life

Personal & professional development

Improve quality of life
Communication Food

Major
breakthrough!
Transportation Entertainment

Medicines
 Why Research
is Important?

Gather relevant information

Improve quality of life

Personal & professional development

- To better understand society and the behavior of
the people

- Trace history

- Find solutions to problem

 Why Research
is Important?

Gather relevant information

Improve quality of life

Personal & professional development

Personal & professional development
- It challenges you to build new ideas
- Gain more knowledge

- Perspectives and skills

- Meet academic requirement