AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices

Wheels and Axles

RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

4.0 FIGURES FOR SEGMENTS 1.0, 2.0, AND 3.0

CHECK LOCATION WITH

GAUGE SHOWN IN
FIG. 5.12

Axle Journal Dimensions (in. unless otherwise noted)

Class Size B C D E G H I J K M N O R Ta/ U V W X Y
D 5 1/2 × 10 5 1/2 1 3/4 7 5/8 3 Max 5.1915 6 3/8 7 9/16 6 3/4 5 7/8 62 1/2 77 86 1/8 1 3/4 7/8–9 66 1 7/8 10 1/16 1 1/4 +0 2° 8´
Min 5.195 –1/4
E 6 × 11 5 15/16 1 13/16 7 5/8 3 Max 5.6915 7.032 8 1/4 7 5/16 6 7/16 62 1/2 78 88 1 15/16 1–8 66 1/8 2 10 15/16 1 1/4 +0 2° 8´
Min 5.6905 7.030 –1/4
F 6 1/2 × 12 6 7/16 1 13/16 7 5/8 3 Max 6.1915 7.532 8 3/4 7 7/8 7 3/8 62 1/2 79 89 5/8 2 1/8 1 1/8–7 66 1/8 2 1/8 11 3/4 1 1/4 +0 2° 8´
Min 6.1905 7.530 –1/4
G 7 × 12 5 15/16 2 5/16 7 5/8 3 Max 7.004 8.002 9 1/2 8 9/16 8 62 1/2 79 89 1/4 2 5/16 1 1/4–7 67 1/8 2 1/4 11 1/16 5/8 4° 15´
Min 7.003 8.000 ± 1/8
K 6 1/2 × 9 4.853 3.397 7 5/8 3 Max 6.1915 7.532 8 3/4 7 7/8 7 3/8 62 1/2 79 87.156 2 1/8 1 1/8–7 69.294 2 1/8 8.931 0.250 10°
Min 6.1905 7.530 ± 0.020
L 6×8 4.457 3.293 7 5/8 3 Max 5.6915 7.032 8 1/4 7.5/16 6 7/16 62 1/2 78 85.500 1 15/16 1–8 69.086 2 8.207 — —
Min 5.6905 7.030
M 7×9 4.750 3.500 7 5/8 3 Max 6.5040 7.532 9 1/2 8 9/16 8 62 1/2 79 87.500 2 1/8 1 1/8–7 69.500 2 1/8 9.000 — —
Min 6.5030 7.530
a/ Dimension T is tap size
Notes:
1. Dimension I tolerance is ±0.015. 7. Runout on journal surface G, when rotated on centers, must not exceed .015 in.
2. Maximum allowable runout between G and H is .006 in. total dial indicator. total dial indicator.
3. Maximum allowable runout between G and I is .008 in. total dial indicator. 8. Dimensions B and N are considered engineering data for truck design and do
4. For 7 in. × 12 in. journals, end chamfer is 4° 15 ft 5/8 in. ± 1/8 in. not necessarily agree with axle manufacturing tolerances.
5. Required for press fit of roller bearing backing ring where the H diameter is 9. Journal finish must not exceed 63 microinch, if ground or turned only. If turned
toleranced. Finish to 125 microinch maximum when toleranced. and rolled, the turned finish must not exceed 125 microinch and the rolled finish
6. Dimension W cannot exceed the tolerance limits of the gauge shown for must not exceed 16 microinch.
Fig. 5.26.

Dimensions of raised wheel seat roller bearing axles for freight cars
Rule 1.1.2
Fig. 4.1
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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

Axle Journal Dimensions, in.

Class Size A B1 B2 C D F G H Ia/ L M N O P Q R S Tb/ U
D 5 1/2 × 10 1 1/16 3 11/16 4 7/8 2 1/8 7 7/8 5 7/16 Max 5.504 6.703 7 9/16 47 1/4 63 77 86 1/2 4 3/4 1 1/2 1 1/2 4 1/2 3/4–10 67 1/4
Min 5.503 6.701
E 6 × 11 15/16 4 3/16 5 3/8 2 3/8 7 5/8 5 15/16 Max 6.004 7.250 8 1/4 47 1/4 62 1/2 78 88 1/4 5 1/8 1 1/2 1 3/4 4 1/2 7/8–9 67 1/4
Min 6.003 7.249
F 6 1/2 × 12 1 1/8 4 3/4 5 15/16 2 7/16 7 1/2 6 7/16 Max 6.504 7.906 8 3/4 47 1/4 62 1/4 79 90 3/4 5 7/8 1 1/2 1 15/16 4 1/2 7/8–9 67 1/4
Min 6.503 7.905
a/ Dimension I tolerance is ± 0.015.
b/ Dimension T is tap size

Journal dimensions for raised wheel seat roller bearing passenger car axles
Rule 1.1.2
Fig. 4.2

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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

A D H I K U W
Minimum—
for Fitted Raised Wheel Seat
Axle Journal Application Freight or Passenger
Class Size Minimum (see Note 6) Cars, Minimum Minimum Maximum
D 5 1/2 × 10 11 13/16 19 7/16 7 3/16 5 3/4 65 7/8 10.000 10.155
E 6 × 11 12 3/4 20 3/8 7.030 7 7/8 6 5/16 66 10.875 11.030
F 6 1/2 × 12 13 9/16 21 3/16 7.530 8 3/8 6 3/4 66 11.688 11.843
G 7 × 12 13 3/8 21 8.000 9 1/4 7 7/8 67 11.000 11.155
K 6 1/2 × 9 12.328 19.953 7.530 8 3/8 6 3/4 69.169 8.869 9.024
L 6×8 11.5 19.125 7.030 7 7/8 6 5/16 68.961 8.145 8.300
M 7×9 12.5 20.125 7.530 9 1/4 7 7/8 69.375 8.938 9.093

Notes:
1. See paragraph 5.0 for wheel seat, journal, dust guard, and seat and
fillet gauges.
2. A smooth cutting file or other suitable tool should be used to break
corners where 1/16 in. radius is shown.
3. See Fig. 4.4 for the method of measuring roller bearing journals,
Dimension G.
4. Maximum allowable runout between G and H is .006 in. total dial
indicator.
5. Maximum allowable runout between G and I is .015 in. total dial
indicator.
6. Non-fitted application is also allowed for Classes E, F, and G.

Shop limits for roller bearing axles

Rules 1.1.2 and 1.2.1
Fig. 4.3

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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

BEARING SEATS BEARING SEAT AREAS

Dial or digital snap gauge must be rotated around the
journal diameter at least 180° within the bearing seat
locations to obtain the maximum and minimum journal
diameters. The average diameter of each bearing seat must
be within tolerances. Care must be taken when using
temperature compensating snap gauges that rotation speed
does not create sufficient heat, caused by friction, to affect
the readings. There shall be no abrupt changes or steps
A
B over the length of the journal, including the tapered end,
C except that journal grooving from the inboard seal wear ring
D
is permissible when repaired in accordance with Rule 1.2.8.

Acceptance Toler-
Bearing Seat Locations (in.)
Journal ance for Secondhand
(see Fig. 5.18 for location gauge)
Journal Diameter
Class Size Maximum Minimum A B C D
Freight Car Axles
D 51/2 ×10 5.1920 5.1905 2 5/8 4 57/64 6 8 21/32
E 6 × 11 5.6920 5.6905 2 7/8 5 13/64 6 9/16 9 5/16
F 6 1/2 × 12 6.1920 6.1905 2 15/16 5 45/64 7 1/16 10 3/8
G 7× 12 7.0045 7.003 2 3/8 5 5/16 6 1/2 9 13/16
K 6 1/2 × 9 6.1920 6.1905 1 53/64 4 19/32 5 8 5/16
L 6×8 5.6920 5.6905 1 59/64 4 13/64 4 39/64 7 23/64
M 7×9 6.5045 6.5030 1 27/32 4 17/32 4 7/8 8 1/16
Amtrak Axles
D 5 1/2 × 10 5.5045 5.503 1 1/2 4 9/16 5 1/8 8 9/16
E 6 × 11 6.0045 6.003 2 5 1/16 5 3/8 9 1/16
F 6 1/2 × 12 6.5045 6.503 2 3/8 5 5/16 6 1/2 9 13/16

AREA WHERE UPSETS OCCUR

GROOVE CAUSED BY
SEAL WEAR RING

A D

JOURNAL GROOVING FROM INBOARD SEAL MEASURING FOR UPSET JOURNAL ENDS
WEAR RING Dial or digital snap gauge must be rotated 180° around the
Rule 1.2.8 gives the accept/reject criteria and process for area where upsets occur. In order for a journal to be
repairing grooves in journals caused by inboard seal acceptable, the diameter in the area where upsets occur
wear rings. must never exceed 0.003 in. above maximum tolerance in
the table above, but may be below the minimum tolerance.
Upset ends over 0.003 in. may be corrected per Rule 1.1.5.

Method of measuring roller bearing journals

Rules 1.1.2, 1.2.4, 1.2.8, 1.8.2.3, and 1.2.7.2 and Paragraph 2.5.3.7
(For gauge, see Fig. 5.18)
Fig. 4.4
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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

0.955 sq. in. 2.96 sq. in.

BEARING SEATS

2.7 in. .21 sq. in. .125 (MAX)

FULL JOURNAL LENGTH SCORE

1.7"
.250 .375 sq. in.

.750

.125 (MAX)
WHEEL FLANGE MARKS
(.14 sq. in.)
.375 sq. in.
1.500
A

.500
A
REPAIRED GALL: RADIUS OF THE DEPRESSIONS MUST BE GREATER THAN OR EQUAL
TO 8 " TO MINIMIZE STRESS CONCENTRATION. (SMOOTHLY BLENDED INTO THE CONTOUR
1

OF THE JOURNAL SURFACE) (.375 sq. in.)

JOURNAL SURFACE

.500 NOTE:
FEATURES SHOWN ON THIS JOURNAL ARE EXAMPLES FOR CALCULATING THE
TOTAL COMBINED AREA OF ALL DEPRESSIONS IN JOURNAL SEATING AREAS.
(THE TOTAL COMBINED AREA OF ALL FEATURES SHALL NOT EXCEED 1 sq. in. PER CONE SEAT.)
SECTION A–A
.062 (MAX) SCALE: 2X

Journal qualification example

Rule 1.2.4
Fig. 4.5

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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

5 ½" (MIN)

*1.
5" R +
– .0.000
05
AXLE FILLET GAGE
1 ½" MATERIAL: ¼" STEEL

1
"
16

2 ½"
NOTE: GAUGE TO BE RELIEVED
*WEAR TOLERANCE TO BE +0.00 – 64" FOR THIS DIMENSION ONLY.
1
16" × 2 ½" AS SHOWN
1

0.005" MAX

3
8 "

Note: The journal fillet area of a roller bearing axle is critical. To ensure proper fit and proper seating of the backing ring on the
axle fillet, the journal fillet gauge must be used to check the fillet radius. If a 0.005-in. feeler gauge can be inserted more than
3/8 in. down from the dust guard seat at all points around the periphery, the axle fillet must be corrected.

Gauge for checking axle fillet of roller bearing axles

(Also see Fig. 5.18)
Rules 1.1.2 and 1.8.2.3
Fig. 4.6

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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

FINISHED DIMENSIONS
AXLE SIZES
E - 6" × 11"
F - 6 1/2 "× 12"
G - 7" × 12"
AXLE SIZES K - 6 1/2 "× 9" FOR AXLE WITH
D - 5 ½" x 10" L - 6" × 8" SPLINE BUSHING
FREIGHT ROLLER M - 7" × 9"
BEARINGS
60° 60°
+ .000"
1¼" ± 8 "
1
1 8" ± 8"
5 1
2.000" – .001" REAM

BREAK SHARP
CORNER
1 8 " ± 16"
1

1 ½" ± 16"
1
1

2 8 " ± 32"
" +– 0""
1
7 16

1
16
PASSENGER
" +– 0""
1
ROLLER 7 16

3
16
1 " MAX.
5
8
BEARINGS
2"MAX.

1/8" +1/32"
1 16" MIN.
9
+ 32"

– 0"
– 0"

1 16" MIN.
15
1

" 8

1 8" ± 8"
5 1
1¼" ± 8 "
1
1

3 8"
3
60° 60°
1
8 "R
1 8 " ± 16"
1

1 ½" ± 16"
1
1

1"
" +– 0""
1
7 16
16

" +– 0""
1
7 16
16

1 ½"

Axle centers
Rules 1.1.2 and 1.1.4
Fig. 4.7

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

NOTE 4 NOTE 7 NOTE 6

11 – 66 66 A001 F
NOTE 5 NOTE 2
L T 00000 USS – H
ROLLER BEARING NOTE 1 NOTE 3
PASSENGER CARS 11 – 66
ONLY
NOTE 8 NOTE 9
USS – H
CIRCUMFERENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
OF AXLE END
NOTE 5
NOTE 7 NOTE 2 NOTE 11

01
NOTE 13

00
NOTE 12 V1BW

A0

00
F
T
66

0
ROLLER BEARING 5-89 Y-AT

L
FREIGHT CARS NOTE 6 NOTE 1
ONLY
11 – 66 X-BN-H
USS – H 8-85
NOTE 4 NOTE 8
NOTE 3 NOTE 9

Note 1. Laboratory acceptance stamp—for use by purchaser to signify acceptance of axles so marked prior to shipment
by producer.
Note 2. Serial number when specified (required after 1980)
Note 3. Manufacturer name or brand:

BF Bumar-Fablock S.A. Chrzanow. Poland RW S. C. SMR S.A. Bals, Romania

BSa/ Bethlehem Steel Corporation Johnstown, PA SCOTa/ Scot Forge Clinton, Wisconsin
CAF Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF) Beasain, Spain SFC or Sa/ Standard Forgings
CBa/ Cobrasma Brazil SMI Sumitomo Metal Industries LTD. Osaka, Japan
CCC CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Facilities Jilin Province, SPTa/ British Steel Templebourough
Co.,Ltd. China Works, England
CF Valdunes (formerly Creusot-Loire) Dunkerque, France SSD Standard Steel LLC. Burnham,
Pennsylvania
CHB Baotou Baotou Inner
Mongolia PRC SW SWASAP Works Germiston, South
Africa
CHT Jinxi Axle Company LTD. (Formerly Norinco Jinxi) Taiyuan, Shanxi
Province, P.R.C Ta/ British Steel Trafford Park
Works, England
DDAP DDAP/RAX Dneprderzhinsk,
Ukraine THM or TZ Taiyuan Heavy Industries Company LTD. Taiyuan, Shanxi
Province, P.R.C
DSS JSC Dneprospetsstal, Zaporozhye (DSS) Zaporozhye,
Ukraine TW plus a/ Hawker Siddeley Trenton Canada
HM Huta Gliwice-Osie Sp. zo.o Gliwice, Poland UF Ural Forge Chebarkul, Russia
JAW Standard Forged Products Johnstown, PA USS-Fa/ United States Steel Corp. Fairfield Works
KWa/ Klockner West Germany USS-Ga/ United States Steel Corp. Gary Works
L Lucchini Sidermeccanica SpA (Formerly Temi) Lovere, Italy USS-Ha/ United States Steel Corp. Homestead Works
LCKZ LugCentroKuZ Lugansk, Ukraine V Valdunes (formerly Creusot-Loire) Valenciennes,
France
LP Huta L. W. (Formerly Lucchini Poland) Warsaw, Poland
WAP Rail Wheel Factory Indian Railways (Formerly Yelahanka,
MKa/ Makrotek Mexico
Wheel and Axle Plant) Bagalore, India
MRF Standard Forged Products McKees Rocks,
ZB Bonatrans a.s. (Formerly ZAD) Bohumin, Czech
Pennsylvania
Republic
MW MWL Rodas & Eixos LTDA (Formerly Mafersa) Cacapavz, Sao
Paulo, Brazil a/ No longer in production

Note 4. Month and year made

Note 5. Letter “T” stamped adjacent to the heat number or the serial number. Axle has been ultrasonically inspected by
the manufacturer (stamping not required after 1980).

AAR standard axle markings (page 1 of 2)

Rules 1.1.2, 1.1.12, 1.1.13, and 1.2.7.5 and Paragraphs 2.1.2.5 and 3.3.8
Fig. 4.8

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Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

Note 6. Grade of axle:

U Untreated
G Quenched and tempered
F Double normalized and tempered
H Normalized, quenched, and tempered
Note 7. Heat number
Note: Stamping mounting information on axles in these locations was
Note 8. Conversion date
discontinued October 1, 1972.
Note 9. X (wheel shop symbol)
Note 10. Converted axles must be stamped with the conversion date (Note 8. location) and the letter “X” followed by the
wheel shop symbol (Note 9. location). Manufacturer’s pertinent information must be reapplied to the end of axle,
if available (Note 1. through Note 7.)
Note 11. Axles repaired by Specification M-967 processes must be stamped with the letter “V” followed by one or two
sequential numbers identifying the journals repaired and by the AAR-assigned identifying marks (Note 11
location). Sequential odd numbers will be used to identify journal repairs and the end of axle on which markings
are applied; sequential even numbers will be used for the other end. For example, “V1BW, V23BRX” means
journal at marking end of axle repaired and followed later by both journals being repaired with journal at marking
end being repaired a second time.
Note 12. Month and year repaired
Note 13. Shops that finish-machine new axles, excluding wheel seats, will show the letter “Y” followed by the wheel shop
symbol (Note 12 location). Axle manufacturers that finish-machine axles will use the brand shown in Note 3
above.
General Notes:
All marks will be deeply and legibly stamped with characters not less than 1/4 in. high.
Manufacturer must finish turn one end of the axle for stamping.
All elevations or irregularities should be filed or ground after stamping.
The above are the minimum marking requirements, but the locations or individual items may vary from those
illustrated.
For marking Amtrak inboard roller bearing passenger car axles, see Fig. 4.12.
Markings illustrated in the figure for roller bearing axles for freight cars show markings that may be on either new
or old axles, depending on requirements in effect at the time the markings were applied.

AAR standard axle markings (page 2 of 2)

Rules 1.1.2, 1.1.12, 1.1.13, and 1.2.7.5 and Paragraphs 2.1.2.5 and 3.3.8
Fig. 4.8 (Concluded)

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

3
32 " R ± .010"

ROLLER BEARINGS

5 8 " DIA
4" DIA.

5
3 8"
3
11
" R ± .010"
16

16" R ± .010"
11

3
" R ± .010"
32
0°- 49'
1½"
1 8" 1 16"
1 3

TOOL POST TYPE

WITH PIN AND BUSHING OPPOSED ROLLER TYPE

Typical burnishing rollers for platted journals

Rule 1.2.7.3
Fig. 4.9

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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

Operation:
1. Remove protective covers from rollers.
2. Place the axle in the fixture so that rollers support the journal surface at a point as close as possible to the fillet.
3. Attach the dial indicator to the stand and set it up to record readings about 1/4 in. to 1/2 in. from the end of the journal.
Plunger of indicator should be normal to the longitudinal centerline of the axle.
4. Rotate the axle one or two turns to locate the low or minimum reading and set the dial indicator to zero at this point.
5. Continue to rotate the axle in the same direction, noting indicator variation. At the end of each revolution, the dial will
return to zero if it has been set up properly.
6. A maximum runout of 0.010-in. total indicator reading is allowed.

Check for bent axle—alternate method

Rules 1.1.2 and 1.2.2
Fig. 4.10

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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

K
G

J
I

OVERALL

H
O

Notes:
1. Oversize axles may be 0.030 in. larger than shown under Dimension I.
2. Dimension O may be +1/32 in. or –3/63 in.
3. Other axle dimensions are to be the same as for the inboard bearing axle, Fig. 4.12
Road Limits (in.)a/ Shop Limits (in.)b/
Journal When Less Than New Dimensions (in.)c/
When Less Than
Size (in.)
I K I U O K I J K G H O U
6 1/2 × 12 5 7/8 6 1/8 5 7/8 35 7/16 70 61/64 6 1/8 6 1/8 6 5/8 6 1/4 6.1915 6.502 71 35 1/2
6.1905 6.500
a/ Requires the removal of the axle from service.
b/ Axles must not be applied in passenger service or under foreign equipment if not within these limits.
c/ See Note 1 and Note 2.

Table of new and limiting dimensions for inboard roller bearing axle
Rule 1.1.2
Fig. 4.11

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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

FINISHED AXLE

CL AXLE BEARING SEAT TO BE UNIFORM DIAMETER

THROUGHOUT. TAPER NOT TO EXCEED
SYMMETRICAL ABOUT CL .001 PER FOOT ON DIAMETER. (TYPICAL)
6.135 DIA.
6.125 6.31±.015 DIA.
6.1915 DIA. 6.6260 DIA. .88 R TYP
END FACES MUST WHEEL SEAT
BE SQUARE WITH 6.1905 6.6240 6.25 DIA. (TYPICAL)
O.D. (TYP)

A .03 TYP

B 5.90 C
5.69 ±.015 DIA. 3.00 R .38 TYP
6.502 DIA. 1.25 7.00
5.81 ±.015 DIA. 6.500 17.75±.015
35.50±.015
15.95
46.00 JOURNAL CENTERS REF
71.00 +.052
–.046

.19 .19 LABORATORY

.19 ACCEPTANCE MO. & YR. WHEELS
.19 STAMP MOUNTED
MFG. NAME OR
PART NO. BRAND .25
GRADE OF AXLE 4.00 DIA.
‘F’ FOR 4.00 DIA.
COLD ROLL RELIEF GROOVES OVER CHEMISTRY ONLY F
.
REGION SHOWN WITH ROLLER HAVING HEAT NO. MONTH
& YEAR WHERE MOUNTED
CONTOUR OF .19 RADIUS. USE 1200 POUNDS
ROLLER PRESSURE. START ROLLING AT STAMPING ONE END OF AXLE STAMPING OTHER END OF AXLE
THESE POINTS. ROLL DOWN GROOVE
AND OVERLAP AT BOTTOM.
.13 +.03 .19 R
–.00
1.50±.06 5.81 DIA. .25 +.00
5° REF. –.05 R
.44 +.06
–.00 DIA.
.88 R
.50 R
60°
.078
2.00 .265 5.90 REF.
1.63 DIA.
1.94 DIA. .44
DETAIL A DETAIL B
DETAIL C

“METHOD OF COLD ROLLING RELIEF GROOVES”
NOTES:
1. MATERIAL AAR, M-101 GRADE F, THE AXLE OTHERWISE MUST
BE IN COMPLIANCE WITH AAR SPECIFICATION M-101, LATEST
REVISION.
2. ROUGH MACHINED AXLE TO BE SUB CRITICALLY QUENCHED
FROM 1000 TO 1050°F IN WATER. ALLOW .187" OVER FINISHED
DIAMETERS. RELIEF GROOVES TO BE MACHINED AND COLD
ROLLED AFTER SUB CRITICAL QUENCHING.
3. FINISH MARKS REMOVED IN 1982 REVISION.
LABORATORY ACCEPTANCE, MANUFACTURER’S NAME OR BRAND,
MONTH & YEAR, HEAT NUMBER, SERIAL NUMBER, GRADE OF AXLE
AND PART NUMBER TO BE STAMPED ON ONE END OF AXLE TUBE
BY MANUFACTURER & TRANSFERED TO FINISH AXLE IN THE
PRESENCE OF RAILROAD COMPANY INSPECTOR UNLESS, WAIVED
BY RAILROAD COMPANY.
DATE OF APPLICATION AND PLACE WHERE MOUNTED TO BE
STAMPED ON OPPOSITE END OF AXLE BY BUILDER OR RAILROAD
COMPANY.

Journal dimensions for Amtrak inboard roller bearing passenger car axles
Rule 1.1.2
Fig. 4.12

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

FILL TO 100 mL MARK

100
mL

50

25

20

15
10
8
6
4
3
2
15

10

DEPTH OF SETTLING
INDICATES BATH STRENGTH

1. Solution should be checked weekly and immediately after each recharging.

2. Solution should be agitated for at least 20 minutes and run through the hose and nozzle for 30 seconds. Then obtain a
sample per the centrifuge tube above. Allow the bath to settle. Depth of settling should be .1 mL to .3 mL.
Note: Contaminates should not be considered as part of the solution but are to be noted when checks are made.
Concentration and contamination for bath solution can be readily observed when the settling tube is exposed to
ultraviolet light.
3. When the bath solution becomes contaminated to the extent that the detectability test in Rule 1.1.8 cannot be met, the
bath solution must be changed.
4. The concentration and contamination readings obtained are to be shown on record per Rule 1.7.2 and Fig. 4.70.

Recommended procedure for checking magnetic particle solution for concentration and contamination
Rules 1.1.8 and 1.7.2
Fig. 4.13

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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

RADIAL ERROR
SEE INSET -
GAGE END OFFSET

Maximum total dial indicator runout 0.008 in.

Position of indicating gauge in checking for concentricity of wheel bore

BORING BAR

PLANE ERROR
WELDED
TO TOOL SHANK

Maximum total dial indicator runout 0.015 in.

Position of indicating gauge in checking for diagonal bore

Recommended method for checking boring mill

Rule 1.3.2 and Paragraph 2.2.2
Fig. 4.14
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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

Set-up for grinding boring mill chuck jaws

Rule 1.3.2 and Paragraph 2.2.2
Fig. 4.15

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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

A 1/8-in. radius may be provided in lieu of the chamfer as shown.

Back hub entry chamfer

Rule 1.3.5
Fig. 4.16

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

Wheel Design Maximum Minimum

Designation Capacity Finish Bore Hub Wall Thickness
Wrought Cast Rim Type (ton) (in.) (in.)
List of Wheels Intended for Freight Car Service
A-28 CA-28 MW 100 8 7/8 1 1/8
CB-28 1W (Not over 24,375 lb 8 3/8 1 1/8
CD-28 1W per wheel) 8 3/8 1 1/8
E-28 CE-28 1W 8 3/8 1 1/8
A-30 CA-30 MW 100 8 7/8 1 1/8
AX-30 CAX-30 MW 50 7 11/16 1
A-33 CA-33 1W 50 7 11/16 1
G-33 CG-33 MW 50 to 100 9 1/4 1 1/8
J-33 CJ-33 1W 50 to 70 8 3/8 1 1/8
K-33 CK-33 2W 50 7 11/16 1
M-33 CM-33 2W 50 to 70 8 3/8 1 1/8
N-33 CN-33 MW 50 7 11/16 1
P-33 CP-33 MW 50 to 100 9 5/8 1 1/8
R-33 CR-33 MW 70 8 3/8 1 1/8
H-36 CH-36 1W 110 8 7/8 1 1/8
J-36 CJ-36 2W 110 8 7/8 1 1/8
K-36 CK-36 MW 110 8 7/8 1 1/8
B-38 CB-38 1W 125 9 5/8 1 1/4
C-38 CC-38 2W 125 9 5/8 1 1/4
D-38 CD-38 MW 125 9 5/8 1 1/4
List of Wheels Intended for Passenger Car Service
A-32 CA-32 MW 6 1/8 1 1/16
A-34 CA-34 MW 9 1/4 11 /8
A-36 CA-36 MW 7 3/4 1
B-36 CB-36 MW 8 1/2 1 1/8
C-33 CC-33 MW (Not over 22,125 lb 7 3/4 1
D-36 CD-36 MW per wheel) 8 1/2 1 1/8
E-.36 CE-36 MW 10 1/4 1 3/8
G-36 CG-36 MW 8 1/2 1 1/8
M-36 CM-36 MW (See the Manual of Standards and Recommended
Practices, Section G, Standard S-657, for other data)

List of wheels intended for freight and passenger car service

Rule 1.4.7
Fig. 4.17

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Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

Table 4.1 Mounting pressures

Steel Wheels
Class of Axle Journal Size (in.)
Min Max
D 5 1/2 × 10 (50-ton wheel) 80 130
D 5 1/2 ×10 (70- ton wheel) 85 150
E and L 6 × 11 85 150
F and K 6 1/2 × 12, 6 1/2 × 9 90 160
G and M 7 × 12 100 170
F Passenger Car 6 1/2 × 12 inboard bearing axle 70 120

Table 4.2 Mounting pressures for WC-10 wheel mounting compounds only
Steel Wheels
Class of Axle Journal Size (in.)
Min Max
D 5 1/2 × 10 92 150
E and L 6 × 11 92 150
F and K 6 1/2 × 12, 6 1/2 × 9 98 160
G and M 7 × 12 108 170
F Passenger Car 6 1/2 × 12 inboard bearing axle 70 120
Note: Mounting pressures outside the limits shown above indicate improper interference fit or improper
lubricant ,and corrections must be made.

Wheel mounting pressures, tons

Rules 1.3.4 and 1.4.1 and Paragraph 2.3.4
Fig. 4.18

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

OPENING OR WINDOW IN GAGE CASE

AVAILABLE FOR WHEEL RECORD
4 5 6 7 8 1
IDENTIFYING WHEEL NUMBER

TYPE OF WHEEL AND NOMINAL WHEEL SEAT

DIAMETER TO BE SHOWN FOR EACH RECORD
OR AT LEAST WHEN THERE IS A CHANGE IN
THE TYPE OR THE NOMINAL WHEEL SEAT
DIAMETER OF THE WHEELS BEING MOUNTED. SPACE FOR MARKING
MISFIT MOUNTINGS. 5"
200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

RECORD OF EACH WHEEL MOUNTED TO BE INDICATED ON

PRESSURE DIAGRAM CHART, SEE RULE 1E1.
THE SIZE AND LOCATION OF THE OPENING OR WINDOW IN THE
GAGE CASE WILL VARY FOR DIFFERENT STYLES OF GAGES.
THE TYPE OF WHEEL AND THE NOMINAL WHEEL SEAT DIAMETER
MAY BE DESIGNATED BY SYMBOLS PROVIDED THEIR USE WILL
NOT CAUSE CONFUSION.

Identification of wheel fit pressure diagram

Rule 1.4.1
Fig. 4.19

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Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

Constructing and Using a Typical Wheel Mounting Template

1. Using a current wheel mounting chart, measure the distance “A” from the origin of the mounting diagram to the horizontal
return line. This represents the width of interference fit between the wheel and the axle.
2. Calculate the distance B. (B = .25 A)

0 30 90 160

3. Draw the following diagram on a piece of mylar or other suitable dear plastic. Use a black pen for the coordinates and
return line (solid lines) and a pencil for all other lines (dashed).

B
A

0 30 Minimum Maximum
Tonnage Tonnage

4. Using a red pen, draw in the dashed lines shown in the figure below. Draw in the dash-dotted line with a green pen and
the dotted lines with a blue pen.

75% fit

0 30 Minimum Maximum
Tonnage Tonnage

Constructing and using a typical wheel mounting template (page 1 of 2)

Paragraph 2.3.5
Fig. 4.20

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

5. Erase all pencil lines.

C.

0 30 Minimum Maximum
Tonnage Tonnage

Constructing and using a typical wheel mounting template (page 2 of 2)

Paragraph 2.3.5
Fig. 4.20
(

0 Minimum Maximum
Tonnage Tonnage
Example of an ideal mount. There are no discontinuities and the tonnage builds up smoothly and fairly linearly throughout
the mount. Note that the slope starts out near zero to slightly positive for the first 10%–20% and then gradually increases
until mounting is complete.
An example of an ideal mount
Rule 1.4.1 and Paragraph 2.3.5
Fig. 4.21

75% fit

0 Minimum Maximum
Tonnage Tonnage
Example of an acceptable amount whose tonnage dropped off in excess of 15 ton but not until after 75% of the fit was
achieved. The shape of this chart is indicative of too much mounting compound or a negative taper near the end of the
wheel seat and/or bore. Distribution of the radial clamping force over the length of fit is more important than the degree
of fit lost at the end of the mount. The “jog” in the middle of the mount is transient in nature, drop-off less than 2 ton, and
is imperceptible on most mounting charts.
Example of an acceptable amount
Rule 1.4.1 and Paragraph 2.3.5
Fig. 4.22
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Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

75% fit

0 10 30 Minimum Maximum
Tonnage Tonnage
Example of an acceptable mount that exhibits both “slip-stick” and spiking. “Slip-stick” is a product of incompatible
surface finish between the wheel bore and axle seat. It does not cause false tonnage or alter the dependability of the
mount in any way. It is acceptable provided the wheels are centered and in gauge, the lowest concise tonnage is above
minimum allowed, and it does not occur until after the wheel is over 75% mounted.
Depending on surface finish and lubrication, it is normal for the coefficient of static friction to be as much as three times
the coefficient of sliding friction. This difference accounts for some level of acceptable spiking (historically about 30 tons).
Any misalignment multiplies this difference and compounds the amplitude of the spike. Tonnage will typically increase to
the value needed to overcome static friction and the wheel will start to slide onto the axle. Almost immediately after
motion begins tonnage will drop back to the value required to overcome sliding friction. The tonnage at the peak of the
spike should not exceed three times the drop-back tonnage or 30 tons, whichever is smaller.
Example of an acceptable mount
Rule 1.4.1 and Paragraph 2.3.5
Fig. 4.23

0 Minimum Maximum
Tonnage Tonnage
Example of a misfit that appears to have achieved minimum tonnage but the final tonnage is not concise. The dark area
assumed to be “slip-stick” could have been drawn in. The highest tonnage that is concise is below minimum tonnage.
Example of a misfit where the final tonnage is not concise.
Rule 1.4.1 and Paragraph 2.3.5
Fig. 4.24

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

0 Minimum Maximum
Tonnage Tonnage
Example of a misfit whose peak tonnage exceeds the minimum tonnage but the tonnage where motion stopped was less
than the minimum tonnage. The false tonnage generated by the spike provides no additional energy to overcome in the
demount process. The area bounded by the dotted line represents the energy loss associated with the false tonnage.
Example of a misfit whose peak tonnage exceeds the minimum tonnage
Rule 1.4.1 and Paragraph 2.3.5
Fig. 4.25

75% fit

0 Minimum Maximum
Tonnage Tonnage
Example of a misfit that does not continue to build tonnage up to the 75% fit line. Note that there is no tonnage drop off.
This energy was lost due to lack of fit over more than 25% of the wheel seat.
Example of a misfit where tonnage does not build up to the 75% fit line
Rule 1.4.1 and Paragraph 2.3.5
Fig. 4.26
This is the false This area represents the energy
energy generated difference between this mount and
by the obstruction an ideal mount of the same tonnage.

0 Minimum Maximum
Tonnage Tonnage
Example of a misfit caused by an obstruction or by excessive positive taper in the second half of the wheel seat and/or
bore. Were it not for the obstruction or taper problem, the chart would not have made minimum tonnage.
Example of a misfit caused by an obstruction or by excessive positive taper
Rule 1.4.1 and Paragraph 2.3.5
Fig. 4.27
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Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

0 10 30 Minimum Maximum
Tonnage Tonnage
Example of a misfit that indicates an alignment problem. The spike exceeded 30 ton, and the peak tonnage was more
than twice the fall-back tonnage indicating that the coefficient of static friction was more than three times the coefficient
of sliding friction. An undetermined amount of the energy applied was needed to overcome the misalignment and cannot
be attributed to fit.
Example of a misfit indicating an alignment problem
Rule 1.4.1 and Paragraph 2.3.5
Fig. 4.28
CL AXLE

Scribe mark at center from each end of axle, adjusting scribe until exact center is found.
Axle centering gauge
(for working drawings of gauges, see paragraph 5.0)
Rule 1.4.5 and Paragraphs 2.3.8 and 2.3.10
Fig. 4.29

CL

Mount first wheel until gauge contacts scribe mark at center of axle. Second wheel may be mounted with this gauge, but
wheels must be checked with back-to-back mounting gauge.
Gauge for locating first wheel
(For Working Drawings of Gauges, See Rule 5.0)
Rule 1.4.5 and Paragraphs 2.3.8 and 2.3.10
Fig. 4.30
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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

1 ¼"
1 ¼"
Gauge for mounting second wheel
(for working drawings of gauges, see paragraph 5.0)
Rule 1.4.5 and Paragraphs 2.3.8 and 2.3.10
Fig. 4.31

MOUNTING LIMITS
WHEELS ARE OUT OF GAGE IF THIS DIMENSION
FOR ALL FREIGHT CAR
WHEELS AND WIDE FLANGE FOR OTHER THAN
PASSENGER CAR WHEELS FREIGHT CAR WHEELS
53 32" IN.
3
IS LESS THAN 53 IN.
53 32" IN. 53 8 " IN.
3 3
EXCEEDS

Gauge limits for mounting wheels for freight cars and passenger equipment cars
Rule 1.4.5 and paragraph 2.8.2
Fig. 4.32

NOTES:
1. MOUNTING STAMPING SHOULD BE OF SUFFICIENT
DEPTH THAT IT WILL NOT DISAPPEAR EASILY DUE TO
WEAR AND/OR CORROSION.
2. WHEEL SHOP STAMPING SHOULD BE CENTERED
APPROXIMATELY ON THE HUB AND LOCATED SUCH
THAT NO PART OF THE STAMPING DEFORMATION IS
CLOSER THAN 1/8 IN. TO THE HUB INNER BORE OR TO
THE OUTER HUB DIAMETER AFTER WHEEL BORING IS
COMPLETE.
SHOP CODE

YEAR
B
COMPANY 72
GW

MONTH
6

Method of permanently stamping front face of wheel hub at wheel mounting shop
Rules 1.4.11 and 1.7.10
Fig. 4.33

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Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

Mounted wheel set run-out to be measured with bearing mounted and

wheel set supported on bearings as pictured below.
Radial

Plane

Mounted wheel run-out check

Rules 1.4.12 and 1.5.4
Fig. 4.34

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

5.7188 +– 0.1250
0.1250

3.0625
+ 0.0313
R 1.5000 +– 0.0625
0.0625
1.3750 – 0.0938

0.0370 75° R 0.6250

R 0.6875
R 0.3750
GAUGE
0.3754 POINT
1.0000+– 0.0625
0.0000
TAPER 1:20
(1:17 – 1:23)

1.8232 BASELINE

R 0.5625+– 0.0625
0.0625
TAPE LINE

R 2.6250

R 0.6250

5.0938

F
AAR-1B WIDE PROFILE CENTERS OF
RADII RELATIVE TO GAUGE POINT
R 0.6250
R 0.6875 POINT X Y
R 0.3750 A –1.196896 –1.149921
GAUGE POINT B 0.589000 –0.249600
C 0.589000 –0.312100
E B D 0.362211 –0.097100
D
E –0.580300 0.007500
C F –1.060300 0.812800
R 0.5625

R 1.5000 R 2.6250

A AAR-1B WIDE PROFILE INTERSECTION OF POINTS

RELATIVE TO GAUGE POINT

3 POINT X Y
GAUGE POINT
1 1.375000 –0.624585
4 2 1.147435 0.031070
5 2 3 0.589000 0.375400
6 4 0.091706 0.162616
5 0.000000 0.000000
6 –0.035442 –0.132273
7 BASELINE 1 7 –0.291159 –0.474998
9 8 8 –0.631437 –0.624585
9 –0.989517 –0.685529

AAR-1B wide flange contour for freight car wheels

Rules 1.5.2 and 1.5.3
Fig. 4.35
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Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

5.7188 +– 0.1250
0.1250

3.0625

R 1.5000 +– 0.0625
0.0625 1.1563 +– 0.0625
0.0000

0.0084
0.0370 75°
R 0.6875 R 0.3750
R 0.3750

0.3750
1.0000+– 0.0625
0.0000
TAPER 1:20 GAUGE
(1:17 – 1:23) POINT
BASELINE R 1.3750
1.8030

TAPE LINE R 0.5625+– 0.0625

0.0625

R 0.6250

5.0938

F
AAR-1B NARROW PROFILE CENTERS
OF RADII RELATIVE TO GAUGE POINT
R 0.3750
R 0.6875 POINT X Y
R 0.3750 A –0.204400 –0.641800
GAUGE POINT B 0.562500 –0.312500
C 0.562500 0.000000
C
E D D 0.370581 –0.065876
E –0.571971 0.038692
B F –1.052000 0.844000
R 0.5625

R 1.5000 R 1.3750
AAR-1B NARROW PROFILE INTERSECTION OF
A POINTS RELATIVE TO GAUGE POINT
POINT X Y
1 1.156300 –444011
2 0.853075 0.237046
GAUGE POINT 3
3 0.562500 0.375000
4 4 0.140565 0.230296
5 2 5 0.008400 0.031335
6 –0.028575 –0.106659
6 7 –0.278542 –0.441210
8 –0.748621 –0.625000
7 1 9 –0.977100 –0.654129
8 BASELINE
9

AAR–1B narrow flange contour for freight car wheels

Rules 1.5.2 and 1.5.3
Fig. 4.36

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

5 ½" ± 8 "
1

+
1
"
1
11
"
16 1 32" – 0"
5 16

GAGING POINT
31
32 " 1 ¼" 5
8 "
TAPER 1" IN 20"

5
8 "R
5
8 "R
+ 16"
1
11
" R±
16
1
"
16
1" – 0"
5
8 " 29
32 "R
BASE LINE

1 8" R
7

TAPING LINE
2
31
"R
32 1
16 "
5
8 "R
3
"
64

VERTICAL
REFERENCE
LINE

NOTE: TAPER 1" IN 40" FOR AMTRAK WHEELS

Narrow flange tapered tread contour—locomotive and Amtrak (formerly Standard S-621-79)

5 ½" ± 8 "
1

+
1
"
1 32" – 0"
5 16

2" 1 ¼" 5
8 "
CYLINDRICAL TREAD
1
11
"
16
31
32 "
TAPER 1" IN 20" GAGING
POINT 5
"R
5
8 "R 8
+ 16"
1
11
" R±
16
1
"
16
1" – 0"
5
8 " 29
32 "R

1 8" R
7
TAPING LINE

2
31
"R
32 1
16 "
5
8 "R
VERTICAL 3
"
64
REFERENCE
LINE

NOTE: TAPER 1" IN 40" FOR AMTRAK WHEELS

Narrow flange cylindrical tread contour (formerly Alternate Standard S-622-78)

AAR–1B narrow flange contour for freight car wheels
Rules 1.5.2 and 1.5.3
Fig. 4.36 (Concluded)

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Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

6.500

3
8 " ؼ 1.469

3
8 "
A
WHEEL CONTOUR ACCEPTANCE GAUGE
FOR AAR 1B NARROW & WIDE FLANGE
INTERSECTION POINTS
1 (0.0841873, -1.49764) R1.500
2 (0.4289, -1.4374) B 5 1.094
3 (0.769141, -1.2878) 2.8624° 4
4 (1.02338, -0.950724)
5 (1.0603, -0.8128) BASELINE 3
1 2 R.5625 4.000

CENTERS OF RADII
A (0.000, 0.000) 1.987
B 0.480, -0.8053)
VERIFY WITH CONTOUR MAPPING MATERIAL:
MAX MANUFACTURE DEVIATION: .003" STAINLESS STEEL 17-7
8 " THICKNESS
1
MAX RECERTIFICATION DEVIATION: .005"
HARDENED

.750
Acceptance gauge for AAR 1B narrow and wide flange steel wheels
Rules 1.5.2 and 1.5.3
Fig. 4.37

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

VERIFY WORKING CONTOUR

NOTE: 1/32-IN. PIN MUST NOT PASS UNDER GAUGE AT ANY POINT.

VERIFY TAPER ANGLE

Verifying renewed 1B wide flange contour using AAR 1B acceptance gauge

Rule 1.5.2
Fig. 4.38

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Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

VERIFY WORKING CONTOUR

NOTE: 1/32-IN. PIN MUST NOT PASS UNDER GAUGE AT ANY POINT.

VERIFY TAPER ANGLE

Verifying renewed 1B narrow flange contour using AAR 1B acceptance gauge

Rule 1.5.2
Fig. 4.39

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

R.3750 R.6875
F 3 R.6250

R1.5000 4 2
5
E B 1.000
6 D
2.8624°
1.8232 C
BASELINE 7 1
9 8
R2.6250
5
R.5625
R 8
A

1
R 2

1
R
1
4 R 4

21 2
5.0938
5.7188

VERIFY WITH CONTOUR MAPPING AAR-1B WIDE PROFILE INTERSECTION OF POINTS AAR-1B WIDE PROFILE CENTERS OF
MAX MANUFACTURE DEVIATION: .003 IN. RELATIVE TO GAUGE POINT RADII RELATIVE TO GAUGE POINT
MAX RECERTIFICATION DEVIATION: .005 IN. POINT X Y POINT X Y
1 1.375000 –0.624585 A –1.196896 –1.149921
MATERIAL: STAINLESS STEEL 17-7 2 1.147435 0.031070 B 0.589000 –0.249600
THICKNESS: 1/8 3 0.589000 0.375400 C 0.589000 –0.312100
HARDENED 4 0.091706 0.162616 D 0.362211 –0.097100
SCALE: 1X 5 0.000000 0.000000 E –0.580300 0.007500
6 –0.035442 –0.132273 F –1.060300 0.812800
7 –0.291159 –0.474998
8 –0.631437 –0.624585
9 –0.989517 –0.685529

AAR-1B wide flange contour for freight car wheels

Rules 1.5.2 and 1.5.3
Fig. 4.40

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Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

F R.6875 R.3750
R1.5000 3
R.3751 4 2
5
E C 1.000
TAPER 1:20 D
(1:17–1:23) 2.8624° 6
7 B
8 1
9 A
R1.3750 R.5625
5
R 8

11
2 32

1
R 2

1
R 4
R
1
4

1
22
5.7188

VERIFY WITH CONTOUR MAPPING AAR-1B NARROW PROFILE INTERSECTION OF AAR-1B NARROW PROFILE CENTERS
MAX MANUFACTURE DEVIATION: .003 IN. POINTS RELATIVE TO GAUGE POINT OF RADII RELATIVE TO GAUGE POINT
MAX RECERTIFICATION DEVIATION: .005 IN. POINT X Y POINT X Y
1 1.156300 –0.444011 A –0.204400 –0.641800
MATERIAL: STAINLESS STEEL 17-7 2 0.853075 0.237046 B 0.562500 –0.312500
THICKNESS: 1/8 3 0.562500 0.375000 C 0.562500 0.000000
HARDENED 4 0.140565 0.230296 D 0.370581 –0.065876
SCALE: 1X 5 0.008400 0.031335 E –0.571971 0.038692
6 –0.028575 –0.106659 F –1.052000 0.844000
7 –0.278542 –0.441210
8 –0.748621 –0.625000
9 –0.977100 –0.654129

AAR-1B narrow flange contour for freight car wheels

Rules 1.5.2 and 1.5.3
Fig. 4.41

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

NOMINAL AAR 1B
CONTOUR

.357

BASELINE
2.876

CONDEMNING LINE
(FREIGHT CAR SERVICE)

MEASURING POINT

The pointer indicates amount of metal in sixteenths of an inch to be turned off tread to restore full
flange contour with a witness groove. The side scale shows amount of metal on tread above
measuring line before turning. In this illustration, 7/16 in. must be turned off tread to restore full flange
contour. The amount of service metal available after turning is 6/16 in. A finger marked “NF” or a
finger having no identifying marking is used for gaging the flanges of steel wheels used on freight
cars, passenger cars and locomotives. The “WF” finger may be used when restoring wide flange
contour to wheels.

Method of applying steel wheel gauge on worn flange wheel

Rule 1.5.2
Fig. 4.42

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Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

65
4
3
2
1
0
9 8
6
4
2
0 0

3
8 "
BASELINE
2 8"
7

3 FRT
4 SCRAP
PASS
1 ——---
SCRAP

1 1–2

2
2 1–2

65
4
3
2
1
0

9 86
0 4
2
0

7
16 "
3
8 " 3 FRT
4 SCRAP
CONDEMING LINE PASS
1 ——---
¾" (FREIGHT CAR SERVICE) SCRAP

1 1–2

MEASURING POINT 2

2 1–2

The pointer indicates amount of metal in sixteenths of an inch to be turned off tread to restore full
flange contour with a witness groove. The side scale shows amount of metal on tread above
measuring line before turning. In this illustration, 7/16 in. must be turned off tread to restore full flange
contour. The amount of service metal available after turning is 6/16 in. A finger marked “NF” or a
finger having no identifying marking is used for gaging the flanges of steel wheels used on freight
cars, passenger cars and locomotives. The “WF” finger may be used when restoring wide flange
contour to wheels.

Method of Applying Steel Wheel Gauge on Worn Flange Wheel

Rule 1.5.2
Fig. 4.43

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

"A"
GAUGE APPLIED
TO OUTSIDE OF
FLAT SPOT
CONDEMNING LINE
(FREIGHT CAR SERVICE)

MEASURING POINT

"B"
GAUGE APPLIED
IN FLAT SPOT
CONDEMNING LINE
(FREIGHT CAR SERVICE)

MEASURING POINT

Method of applying AAR steel wheel gauge to measure amount of metal to be turned off tread to remove flat spot and
also extra metal to be turned off to restore flange contour
AAR steel wheel gauge
Rule 1.5.2
Fig. 4.44

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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

65
4
3
2
1
0

9 86
0 4
2
0

7
16 "
3
8 " 3 FRT
4 SCRAP
CONDEMING LINE PASS
1 ——---
¾" (FREIGHT CAR SERVICE) SCRAP

1 1–2

MEASURING POINT 2
2 1–2

SKETCH A
GAUGE APPLIED OUTSIDE OF FLAT SPOT

65
4
3
2
1
0

9 86
4
0 2
0

5
16 "
3
8 " 3 FRT
CONDEMING LINE 4 SCRAP
PASS
¾" (FREIGHT CAR SERVICE) 1 ——---
SCRAP

1 1–2
MEASURING POINT
2
2 1–2

SKETCH B
GAUGE APPLIED IN FLAT SPOT

Method of applying AAR steel wheel gauge to measure amount of metal to be turned off tread to remove flat spot and
also extra metal to be turned off to restore flange contour
AAR steel wheel gauge
Rule 1.5.2
Fig. 4.45

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

NOT3 MORE
THAN 64" DEEP

Method of applying AAR steel wheel gauge to check depth of witness groove in flange
AAR steel wheel gauge
Rule 1.5.2 and Paragraph 2.4.3
Fig. 4.46

NOT LESS
THAN 8 "
3

Method of applying AAR steel wheel gauge to check location of witness groove in flange
AAR steel wheel gauge
Rule 1.5.2 and Paragraph 2.4.3
Fig. 4.47
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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

9 86 4
0
2
0

65
4
3
2
1
0
NOT MORE THAN
64" DEEP
3

3
4 SCPASS---
FRT P
1 —SCRA
RA
— P
1–2
1
2
2 –2
1
3

Method of applying AAR steel wheel gauge to check depth of witness groove in flange
AAR steel wheel gauge
Rule 1.5.2 and Paragraph 2.4.3
Fig. 4.48
3

2 2–1
2

1 2–1
SCRAP
1 ——---
PASS
4 SCRAP
3 FRT

0 0
2
4
6
9 8
NOT LESS 0
1
THAN 8 "
3 2
3
4
65
BASELINE

Method of applying AAR steel wheel gauge to check location of witness groove in flange
AAR steel wheel gauge
Rule 1.5.2 and Paragraph 2.4.3
Fig. 4.49
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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

1 1 1
22 2 12 1 2 0

1
8

15
16
3
4 7
18
1 14
1 18

1
COMBINED
1
WHEEL GAGE

48
44
2½
40
36
2
32
28
1½
24
1¼
20
1
16 8
12 7 4
3
8
SCRAP
FRT

0
0
2
4
6
9 8
1
17
18
NF
1
19
20
21

Method of gaging vertical flanges—condemnable

AAR steel wheel gauge
Rule 1.5.2 and Paragraphs 2.8.2, 2.8.11, and 2.8.12
Fig. 4.50
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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

1½"

Condemning limit for flange height using AAR steel wheel gauge when apex of flange contacts underside of horizon-
tal member, wheel is condemnable
AAR steel wheel gauge
Rule 1.5.2 and Paragraphs 2.8.2, 2.8.11, and 2.8.12
Fig. 4.51

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

Shattered rim—Why Made Code 71

Paragraph 2.8.1
Fig. 4.52

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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

Heat checks (Not normally condemnable)

Thermal cracks—Why Made Code 74

Paragraphs 2.8.1, 2.8.7.5, and 2.8.7.1

Fig. 4.53

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

Thermal cracks—Why Made Code 74

Thermal cracks—Why Made Code 69

Paragraphs 2.8.1, 2.8.2, 2.8.7.1, and 2.8.7.3

Fig. 4.54

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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

Spread rim—Why Made Code 72

Subsurface defect, found on turning wheel—Why Made Code 89

Paragraphs 2.8.1, 2.8.2, 2.8.4, and 2.8.5

Fig. 4.55

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

Shelled tread—Why Made Code 75

Built-up tread—Why Made Code 76

Slid flat—Why Made Code 78

Built-up tread—Why Made Code 76

Paragraphs 2.8.1, 2.8.2, 2.8.6.1, and 2.8.8

Fig. 4.56

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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

Grooved tread wheel—Why Made Code 77

Paragraphs 2.8.1, 2.8.2, and 2.8.18
Fig. 4.57

Cracked or broken plate—Why Made Code 83

Paragraphs 2.8.1, 2.8.2, and 2.8.15
Fig. 4.58
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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

Example 1: Non-condemnable for WM80 scrape, dent, or gouge

Example 2: Non-condemnable for WM80 scrape, dent, or gouge

Example 3: Condemnable for WM80 impacted scrape, dent or

gouge and use of gage to measure depth

Scrape, dent, or gouge in wheel surfaces—Why Made Code 80

Paragraphs 2.8.1, 2.8.2, and 2.8.19
Fig. 4.59
G-II [RP-633] 104 03/2009
 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

ADAPTER SHOE
REACH RODS
PRESS RAM
PILOT SLEEVE SOLID
PULLING RING
PULLING RING ADAPTER
DUST GUARD RING
BEARING ASSEMBLY

ADAPTER SHOE AND REACH RODS

TO SUIT PRESS CONDITIONS
FIXTURE FOR PULLING A BEARING IN A BEARING PRESS OR WHEEL PRESS

Application of portable hydraulic bearing puller (Recommended)

Rule 1.8.1.2
Fig. 4.60

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

A ± 64"
1

1
" × 45° CHAMFER
8
DRILL ONE
A HOLE F DIA.
BOTH ENDS
DRIVE FIT
3"

– .000"
DIA. + .002"
1 ¼" 1 ¼"
½" R ¾"

CIR BOLT

DIA. ± .002"
E
¾"

CL
1 ¼"
.

1"
D DIA

C
30°

DIA.
DRILL E DIA.

G
A
1
8 " × 45° CHAMFER
SECTION A–A
PILOT SLEEVE
BOTH ENDS
N ½" P
1 ½" 3
"
16 1"
DIA.

DIA.
M

PIN HEX HEAD BOLT THREAD

R DIA. UNC-2A

12" R

½" R

DIA. ± .002"
1"
DIA.

½" 3"
J

HEAT TREAT CAP

1
"
16

TO 190–242 BRINELL L H
MOUNTING SLEEVE

Journal Pilot Sleeve Mounting Sleeve Pin Hex Head Bolt

Class Size A B C D E F G H J K L M N P R S
For Freight Cars
D 5 1/2 × 10 8 1/2 5.165 4.687 3 1/2 29/32 47/64 15/16 11 3/8 5 3/4 5.198 3/4 47/64 7/8 8 1/2 7/8–9 1 1/4
E 6 × 11 9 3/8 5.665 5.187 3 7/8 1 1/32 27/32 1 7/16 12 9/16 6 1/4 5.698 3/4 27/32 15/16 9 3/8 1–8 1 3/8
F 6 1/2 × 12 10 1/4 6.165 5.687 4 1/4 1 5/32 61/64 1 9/16 13 1/4 6 3/4 6.198 1
61/64 1 10 1/4 1 1/8–7 1 1/2
G 7 × 12 10 1/4 6.978 6.500 4 5/8 1 9/32 1 5/64 11 1/16 13 7 9/16 7.012 1 1/4
1 5/64 1 1/8 10 1/4 1 1/4–7
1 5/8
K 6 1/2 × 9a/ 11 3/4 6.165 5.687 4 1/4 1 5/32 61/64 1 9/16 10 3/4 6 3/4 6.198 1 61/64 1 10 1/4 1 1/8–7 1 1/2
L 6 × 8b/ 9 5/8 5.665 5.187 3 7/8 1 1/32 27/32 1 7/17 12 3/8 6 1/4 5 698 1 27/32 15/16 9 5/8 1–8 1 3/8
M 7 × 9 11 3/4 6.978 6.500 4 1/4 1 5/32 61/64 1 9/16 14 3/4 7 9/16 7.012 1 1/4 61/64 1 11 3/4 1 1/8–7 1 1/2
For Amtrak Cars
EE 6 dia 8 3/4 5.978 5.500 3 1/2 1 5/32 61/64 1 9/16 9 1/2 6 13/16 6.010 1 63/64 1 8 3/4 1 1/8–7 1 1/2
EE 5 1/2 dia 8 3/4 5.478 5.000 3 29/32 47/64 1 5/16 9 1/2 6 9/16 5.512 1 47/64 7/8 8 3/4 7/8–9 1 1/4
G 6 1/2 dia 9 3/4 6.478 6.000 3 7/8 29/32 47/64 1 5/16 10 3/4 7 9/16 6.512 1 47/64 7/8 9 3/4 7/8–9 1 1/4
a/ Use class F mounting pilot (with 1 1⁄2-in. spacer)
b/ Use Class E mounting pilot (with 1⁄4-in. spacer)
Tools for applying bearing to axle (recommended)
Rules 1.8.2.5 and 1.8.2.9
Fig. 4.61
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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

Spring loaded pilot and assembly sleeve for application to press ram for mounting bearings

Spring loaded pilot applying bearing with roller bearing press

Applying bearing to axle (recommended method)

Rules 1.8.2.5 and 1.8.2.9
Fig. 4.62

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

Journal Size Seating Pressures

Class (in.) (ton)
For Freight Cars
D 5 1/2 ×10
E 6 × 11
F 6 1/2 × 12 50 ± 5
K 6 1/2 × 9
L 6×8
G 7 × 12
65 ± 5
M 7×9
For Amtrak Cars
G 6 1/2 Diameter 65 ± 5
EE All diameters 55 ± 5

Note: Amtrak inboard bearing seating pressure is 50 ± 5 ton maximum for all sizes. Seating pressures shown are the final
pressure gauge reading that is required to properly seat the bearing backing ring against the axle fillet radius.

Seating pressures to be posted in work area in roller bearing mounting shops

Rule 1.8.2.9
Fig. 4.63
CAP SCREW

CAP SCREW

LOCKING PLATE
LOCKING PLATE

REDUCING
BUSHING

LUBRICANT
FITTING
CA-PLUG
NEOPRENE
GASKET

LUBRICANT
FITTING
CLASS EE CLASS G
Comparison of Amtrak axle end cap assemblies
Rule 1.8.3.1
Fig. 4.64
G-II [RP-633] 108 03/2009
 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

Cap Screw
Class Journal Size (in). Size Torque (ft·lb)a/
For Freight Cars
D 5 1/2 × 10 7/8–9 160
E 6 × 11 1–8 290
F 6 1/2 × 12 1 1/8–7 420
G 7 × 12 1 1/4–7 490
K 6 1/2 × 9 1 1/8–7 420
L 6×8 1–8 290
M 7×9 1 1/8–7 420
For Amtrak Cars
7/8–9 315
G 6 1/2 diameter (High Strength)
7/8–9 145
EE 6 diameter 7/8–9 145
EE 5 1/2 diameter 3/4–10 115
a/ Torque wrenches must be accurate within ± 4 %.
Cap screw torque is in ft·lb. It is to be posted in the work area in roller bearing
mounting shops.

Cap screw torque values

Rules 1.8.3.1 and 1.8.3.2 and Paragraph 2.1.2.3
Fig. 4.65

Bending locking plate tabs with rib-joint pliers

Tabs bent against adjacent flats
(Recommended)

Tabs bent against alternate flats Preferred bending when one tab is centered on corner
Note: After proper torque is attained, cap screws must never be repositioned for alignment of tabs to flats.
Proper method for securing locking plate
Rule 1.8.4.3
Fig. 4.66
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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

Using a magnetic base dial indicator, place the base on its outer ring with the dial indicator anvil
resting on the bearing cap screw or the wheel hub.

Checking mounted lateral (recommended method)

Rule 1.8.4.1
Fig. 4.67

G-II [RP-633] 110 03/2009

 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

Manufacturer Bearing Certification No. Mounted Bearing Lateral

Timken 1, 1A
Brenco 5, 5A
General Bearing 6, 6A, 6B, 21
Bower 8
NTN 10
NSK 11,11A
Nachi 12
FAG 13
Koyo 14, 24
Magnus 16
.001 in.–.015 in.
NTN 19 (10A)
Timken 20
NSK 22
SKF Tapered 23
Brenco 25
FAG 26
Timken 27
Brenco 28
SKF/RBI 29
SKF 30

Notes:
1. Mounted lateral is 0.006 – .020 for Amtrak F (6 1/2 × 12) inboard, G (6 1/2-in. diameter), EE (6-in. diameter) and
EE (5 1/2-in. diameter) bearing applications.
2. If a tapered bearing rotates freely by hand but indicates less than .001-in. lateral on the dial indicator, the application is
satisfacory for service.

Manufacturers allowable tolerance for mounted lateral

(to be posted at work area in mounting shops)
Rule 1.8.4.1
Fig. 4.68

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

Status Code Explanation

1 Wheel mounting shop—freight car (complete with wheel press & boring mill)
2B Approved roller bearing repair shop—freight and Amtrak passenger car
2E Roller bearing cone bore and outer ring counterbore plating approval
2F Approved roller bearing repair shop—freight car
2G Cone face grinding
2P Approved roller bearing repair shop—Amtrak passenger car
2S Roller bearing cone stress relieving approval
3A M-967 Axle repair shop—journal, seal wear ring groove and water etch repairs—freight car
3B M-967 Axle repair shop—journal repairs only—freight car
3C M-967 Axle repair shop-dust guard repairs only—freight car
4 Wheel and axle shop-locomotive
5 Wheel and axle lathe(s)—freight car
6 Wheel lathe(s)—freight car
6A Wheel lathe(s)—Amtrak passenger car
7 Axle lathe(s)—freight car
7A Axle lathe(s)—Amtrak passenger car
8 Wheel and axle shop—passenger car
8A Wheel and axle shop—Amtrak passenger car
9 Roller bearing mounting—freight and Amtrak passenger car
9A Removal and reapplication of roller bearing end caps
Note: For a railroad or company having only one shop, it is not necessary to use “shop code letters”; however, “Railroad or
Company Marks,” as shown above, must be used.
The above is provided as information. For current facility approval status, refer to the latest Circular Letter—Listing of Repair
Facilities, Status Codes, and Shop Identification Marks.

Shop status codes

Rules 1.7.10 and 1.8.5.2
Fig. 4.69

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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

WHEEL SHOP—PERIODIC MACHINERY INSPECTION—PAGE 1 OF 2 101A

(SEE RULE 1.7.1)
Boring Mill—Use Test Wheel—Paragraph 2.2.2
Machine Dial Gauge (Full) Reading Bore Condition of Machine
Number Radial Error Plane Error OR TA and Corrective Action
Before*
After**
Before*
After**
Before*
After**
Before*
After**
Axle Lathe—Use Micrometers—Check Work—Rules 1.1.1 and 1.1.7
Machine Seat Seat Condition of Machine
Centers
Number OR TA OR TA and Corrective Action
Before*
After**
Before*
After**
Before*
After**
Before*
After**
Before*
After**
Before*
After**
Before*
After**
Mounted Axle Lathe—Use Micrometers—Check Work—Rule 1.2.2
Machine Condition of Machine
Centers
Number and Corrective Action
Before*
After**
Before*
After**
Wheel Lathe—Use Dial Gauge—Check Work—Rule 1.5.1
Machine Eccentricity Condition of Machine
Centers
Number Left Side Right Side and Corrective Action
Before*
After**
Before*
After**
Wheel Press—Rule 1.4.1
Machine Date Condition of Machine
Number Recorder Gauges and Corrective Action

* Before any adjustment OR—Out of Round

** After adjustment TA—Taper Signature:_________________________________________________
Location: _______________________________________ Title: _____________________________________________________
Distribution: Original to ___________________________ Date:_____________________________________________________
1 copy to Shop File
Wheel shop—periodic machinery inspection
Rules 1.1.1, 1.1.7, 1.2.2, 1.4.1, 1.5.1, 1.7.1, and 1.7.2
Fig. 4.70
03/2009 G-II [RP-633] 113
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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

WHEEL SHOP—PERIODIC MACHINERY INSPECTION—PAGE 2 OF 2 101B

(SEE RULE 1.7.1)
Mandatory Inspection of Magnetic Particle Testing Equipment—Rule 1.7.2
Machine 1. Date of preparation of bath solution, bath container cleaned, agitation, and circulation system flushed
Number and filtering screens cleaned ________________________________________________________
2. The amount of suspensoid ____________________ and powder ____________________ used in
preparation of bath solution.
3. Concentration and contamination of bath solution, amount of magnetic powder __________ mL, and
amount of contamination-dirt, chips, or other foreign matter and magnetic powder __________ mL.
4. Test for ultraviolet light, light meter having a 75-footcandle scale with 10× multiplying disc or equivalent,
reading __________ footcandle or direct reading meter __________ mW/cm2.

Inspector: ______________________________________ Operator:_______________________________________

Torque Wrenches
S/N _____________ Set at ________________ Tested__________________ Date By _________________
ft·lb
S/N _____________ Set at ________________ Tested__________________ Date By _________________
ft·lb

Gauge for Centering Wheels on Axles

Length of gauge 26 35/64 in. Checked at ______________________________ by ____________________________
(Length of gauge 26 5/8 in. for Amtrak passenger cars)

Back-to-Back Mounting Gauge for Freight Car Wheels

Gauge set for 53 in. – 53 3/32 in. and 53 3/8 in. Show any adjustments
________________________ Checked by ___________________________________________________________

Location: _______________________________________ Signature: _________________________________________________

Distribution: Original to ___________________________ Title: _____________________________________________________

1 copy to Shop File
Date: _____________________________________________________

Wheel shop—periodic machinery inspection

Rules 1.1.8 and 1.8.1.2
Fig. 4.70 (Concluded)

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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

MD-12 AAR FAILED AXLE REPORT

FREIGHT CAR, PASSENGER CAR, AND LOCOMOTIVE
(DO NOT REPORT BURNED-OFF JOURNAL CAUSED BY BEARING/LUBRICATION FAILURE)

WABL Committee Manager

Association of American Railroads
55500 DOT Road
Pueblo CO 81001
Phone: 719-584-0670
Fax: 719-585-1895
AAR Form MD-12, Rev. 11/2008

AAR failed axle report

Paragraph 3.1.1
Fig. 4.71
03/2009 G-II [RP-633] 115
 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

NOTE 4 NOTE 7 NOTE 6

11 – 66 66 A001 F
NOTE 5 NOTE 2
L T 00000 USS – H
ROLLER BEARING NOTE 1 NOTE 3
PASSENGER CARS 11 – 66
ONLY
NOTE 8 NOTE 9
USS – H
CIRCUMFERENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
OF AXLE END
NOTE 5
NOTE 7 NOTE 2 NOTE 11

01
NOTE 13

00
NOTE 12 V1BW

A0

00
F
T
66

0
ROLLER BEARING 5-89 Y-AT

L
FREIGHT CARS NOTE 6 NOTE 1
ONLY
11 – 66 X-BN-H
USS – H 8-85
NOTE 4 NOTE 8
NOTE 3 NOTE 9

AAR standard axle marking

Note 1. Laboratory acceptance stamp—for use by purchaser to marked prior to shipment by producer
Note 2. Serial number when specified (required after 1980)
Note 3. Mfg. Name or Brand:

BF Bumar-Fablock S.A. (Poland) RW S. C. SMR S.A. (Bals, Romania)

BSa/ Bethlehem Steel Corporation SCOTa/ Scot Forge
CAF Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF) (Spain) SFC or SFa/ Standard Forgings
CBa/ Cobrasma (Brazil) SMI Sumitomo Metal Industries LTD. (Japan)
CCC CCC CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Facilities Co.,Ltd. SPTa/ British Steel (England)
(China) SSD Standard Steel LLC.
CF Valdunes (formerly Creusot-Loire) (France) SW SWASAP Works (South Africa)
CHB Baotou (Mongolia, PRC) Ta/ British Steel (England)
CHT Jinxi Axle Company LTD. (Formerly Norinco Jinxi) (PRC) THM or TZ Taiyuan Heavy Industry Company LTD. (PRC)
DDAP DDAP/RAX (Ukraine) TW plus a/ Hawker Siddeley (Canada)
DSS JSC Dneprospetsstal, Zaporozhye (DSS) (Ukraine) UF Ural Forge (Russia)
HM Huta Gliwice-Osie Sp. zo.o (Poland) USS-Fa/ United States Steel Corp.
JAW Standard Forged Products USS-Ga/ United States Steel Corp.
KWa/ Klockner (West Germany) USS-Ha/ United States Steel Corp.
L Lucchini Sidermeccanica SpA (Formerly Temi) (Italy) V Valdunes (formerly Creusot-Loire) (France)
LCKZ LugCentroKuZ (Ukraine) WAP Rail Wheel Factory Indian Railways (Formerly Wheel and Axle
LP Huta L. W. (Formerly Lucchini Poland) (Poland) Plant) (India)
MKa/ Makrotek (Mexico) ZB Bonatrans a.s. (Formerly ZAD) (Czech Republic)
MRF Standard Forged Products (McKees Rocks, PA) a/ No longer in production
MW MWL Rodas & Eixos LTDA (Formerly Mafersa) (Brazil)

AAR failed axle report

Paragraph 3.1.1
Fig. 4.71 (Continued)

G-II [RP-633] 116 03/2009

 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

Note 4. Month and year made

Note 5. Letter “T” stamped adjacent to the heat number or the serial number. Axle has been ultrasonically inspected by
the manufacturer (stamping not required after 1980).
Note 6. Grade of axle:
U Untreated
G Quenched and tempered
F Double normalized and tempered
H Normalized, quenched, and tempered
Note 7. Heat number
Note: Stamping mounting information on axles in these locations
Note 8. Conversion date
was discontinued October 1, 1972. See Rule 1.4.11.
Note 9. X (wheel shop symbol)
Note 10. Converted axles must be stamped with the conversion date (Note 8. location) and the letter “X” followed by the
wheel shop symbol (Note 9. location). Manufacturer’s pertinent information must be reapplied to the end of axle,
if available (Note 1. through Note 7.)
Note 11. Axles repaired by Specification M-967 processes must be stamped with the letter “V” followed by one or two
sequential numbers identifying the journals repaired and by the AAR-assigned identifying marks (Note 11
location). Sequential odd numbers will be used to identify journal repairs and the end of axle on which markings
are applied; sequential even numbers will be used for the other end. For example, “V1BW, V23BRX” means
journal at marking end of axle repaired and followed later by both journals being repaired with journal at marking
end being repaired a second time.
Note 12. Shops finish machining new axles, excluding wheel seats, will show the letter “Y” followed by wheel shop symbol
(Note 12 location). Axle manufacturers finish machining axles will use brand shown in Note 3 above.
Shops that finish-machine new axles, excluding wheel seats, will show the letter “Y” followed by the wheel shop
symbol (Note 12 location). Axle manufacturers that finish-machine axles will use the brand shown in Note 3 above.

AAR failed axle report

Paragraph 3.1.1
Fig. 4.71 (Concluded)

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Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

MD-115 AAR FAILED WHEEL REPORT

DEFECTIVE WHEELS REMOVED, CAUSING DERAILMENTS, OR LINE-OF-ROAD SETOUTS

Instructions: This report is to cover wheels which are removed for defects, represented by the following WHY MADE CODES 66, 68,
71, and 83 (see Field Manual of AAR Interchange Rules, Rule 41). All items should be completed. If the numbers or letters are illegible,
draw a horizontal line in the box or boxes affected.

One copy (either electronic or paper) must be filled out completely and sent by the Chief
Mechanical Officer to
WABL Committee Manager
Technical Standards Group
Association of American Railroads
55500 DOT Road
Pueblo CO 81001
Phone: 719-584-0670
Fax: 719-585-1895
AAR Form MD-115, Rev. 11/2008

Defective wheels removed, causing derailments or line-of-road setouts

Paragraphs 3.1.2, 3.3.4, and 3.3.6
Fig. 4.72
G-II [RP-633] 118 03/2009
 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

Explanation of wheel manufacturer’s markings (Blocks 35–36)

TWa/ Adtranz (Formerly British Steel) (UK) VK Vyksa Steel Works (Russia)
Aa/ Armco SOa/ ABC Rail (formerly Abex) (Calera)
BV B.V.V. (Formerly VSG) (Germany) Ca/c/ ABC Rail Calera (Formerly Abex)
BWa/ Bethlehem Sa/c/ Abex ** (St. Louis)
DW Bonatrans a.s. (Formerly ZDB) (Czech Republic) SJa/ Abex (Johnstown)
Pa/ British Steel (UK) Ta/c/ Abex ** (Toledo)
ZWa/ Canadian Steel Wheel (Canada) CZ Amsted Maxion (Formerly Iochpe-maxion S.A.)
QW Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF) (Brazil)
(Spain) CO Datong ABC Castings Company LTD. (China)
FWa/ Creusot-Loire (France) FMa/ FM Fundiciones de Hierro y Acero (Mexico)
EWa/ Edgewater Steel LTD. GBa/ Griffin Wheel Company (Bensenville)
KWa/ Klockner (Germany) GC Griffin Wheel Company (Columbus)
LW Lucchini Sidermeccanica SpA (Formerly Gruppo GI Griffin Wheel Company (Kansas City)
Lucchini) (Italy) GK Griffin Wheel Company (Keokuk)
HW Maanshan Iron and Steel Co. LTD. (PRC) GLa/ Griffin Wheel Company (Colton)
MW MWL (Formerly Mafersa) (Brazil) GSa/ Griffin Wheel Company (Bessemer)
NW Niznedneprovssky Tube Rolling Plant (NTRP) GT Griffin Wheel Company (Winnipeg, CA)
(Ukraine) GYa/ Griffin Wheel Company (Hyacinthe)
RW S. C. SMR S.A (Formerly SMR/MECANO) (Romania) RZ Tianrui Group Foundry Co. Ltd (China)
SW Standard Steel LLC. WI Rail Wheel Factory (Formerly Wheel and Axle Plant)
JW Sumitomo Metal Industries LTD. (Japan) (India)
TYb/ or Taiyuan Heavy Industry Company LTD. (PRC) AW Scaw Metals (South Africa)
TZ a/ No longer in production
CWa/ U.S. Steel (Pittsburg) b/ TY not used after October 2006
Ga/ U.S. Steel c/ The letters C, S, or T directly precede the wheel
VW Valdunes (France) serial number for wheels manufactured prior to
about April 1978

Explanation of Class of Heat Treatment Explanation of Brake Shoe Codes

(Blocks 29–30) (Blocks 57–58)
A AE C—Composition shoe, high friction
B—Rim treated BE—Entire wheel treated P—High phosphorus cast iron shoe
C CE—Not used after 1980) S—Standard cast iron shoe
L LE U—Type of brake shoe unknown
U—Untreated UI—Untreated (cast after 12/31/63 and before 1/1/70 by Southern (ABEX) only)
Instructions for Completing AAR Wheel Failure Form MD-115
Box 23–24 Enter steel wheel gauge narrow flange finger readings, “00” through “09,” using “10” if reading greater than “09.”
Box 27–28 Be careful to select proper Why Made code. See paragraphs 2.8.1 through 2.8.20.3 or the Field Manual of the AAR Interchange Rules,
Rule 41, Section A, for applicable descriptions.
Box 29–30 Put first letter in box 29.
Box 31–34 Put first letter in box 31 and first number in box 33.
Box 35–36 Wheel manufacturer. Put first letter in box 35. Note that Griffin wheels have risers on front of plate and that (ABEX)* Southern wheels
have raised letters on inside of plate. Standard is the only wrought manufacturer who shows the day of month the wheel was
manufactured. Do not confuse brand with class.

Defective wheels removed, causing derailments or line-of-road setouts

Paragraph 3.1.2, 3.3.4, and 3.3.6
Fig. 4.72 (Continued)

03/2009 G-II [RP-633] 119

 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

WHEEL MARKINGS, 1978 AND EARLIER Enter Markings in Boxes as Shown Below CLASS
SERIAL Class Box 29–30
NUMBER Design Box 31–34 C
097
5115 MONTH -88 S
0 Mfgr. Box 35–36 CJ MFGR.

OU
THE
Month Box 37–38
9-7
YEAR YEAR

8-20-78
Year Box 39–40

RN
CJ-88

DESIGN MFGR.
90 C
Serial No. Box 41–48 MONTH
CLASS 09
SOU 75115
RIM STAMPING (LOCOMOTIVE ONLY)
THERN

MONTH
SERIAL YEAR MFGR.
PLATE MARKING (ABEX)* NUMBER
CLASS RIM STAMPING
SERIAL
NUMBER 731
133 CW 62247 B J36
94
MONTH 06 74 CW
62247
O6
12

SERIAL
B MFGR.
NUMBER
YEAR
78 CW B

DESIGN
J36

YEAR 6224 CLASS

CW 7
MFGR. MONTH
1" MIN

0 6 94
DESIGN

B
CLASS

J 36
333 TAPE SIZE
HUB STAMPING HUB STAMPING

Measure, as shown to the left, with a steel wheel When wheel plates are marked as above, enter SO
gauge or simplified wheel gauge. Check the “for ABEX” (Southern) under manufacturer.
appropriate plate type in box on reverse.

*ABC Rail after July 1987.

Trademark “Southern®” not used after August 1,
1980.
LOW STRESS HIGH STRESS

Defective wheels removed, causing derailments or line-of-road setouts

Paragraphs 3.1.2, 3.3.4, and 3.3.6
Fig. 4.72 (Concluded)

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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

4 ½" 4 ½"

56 ¼"

56 ¼" 56 ¼"

Storage track arrangement for wheel and axle assemblies having applied roller bearings
with housing end covers that rotate
Rule 1.7.5 and Paragraph 3.2.3
Fig. 4.73

7" × 12"

11.063"

11.563"
7" × 14"

NOTES:
1. A 7" × 12" BEARING APPLICATION USES A BACKING RING FITTED ON THE DUST GUARD DIAMETER.
2. A 7" × 14" BEARING APPLICATION USES A NONFITTED BACKING RING.
3. AXLE END CAPS ARE MARKED ARE MARKED 7" × 12" AND 7" × 14", BUT ARE INTERCHANGEABLE BETWEEN ASSEMBLIES.
THE BACKING RING DESIGN SHOULD THUS BE THE DETERMINING FACTOR FOR PROPER JOURNAL APPLICATION.
4. IMPORTANT: THE 7" × 14" BEARING APPLICATION IS NOT AN APPROVED AAR STANDARD.
5. THE 7" × 12" BEARING APPLICATION UTILIZES EITHER A ONE PIECE OR A TWO PIECE BACKING/WEAR RING,
DEPENDING UPON THE MANUFACTURER SUPPLYING THE BEARING.
Differentiation between 7 × 12 and 7 × 14 bearing application
Rule 1.8.2.1
Fig. 4.74
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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

AAR MD-11 ROLLER BEARING INSPECTION REPORT

CAR INITIAL CAR TYPE JOURNAL SIZE DATE OF FAILURE

B = Box D = 5-1/2 x 10 Month Day Year
F = Flat E = 6 x 11
CAR NUMBER G = Gondola F = 6-1/2 x 12
H = Hopper Open Top G = 7 x 12
I = Intermodal K = 6-1/2 x 9 METHOD OF DETECTION
GROSS RAIL LOAD L = Covered Hopper L=6x8 A = Acoustic Detection
M = Miscellaneous M=7x9 B = Warm Bearing Trending
K
P = Passenger D = Derailment
BEARING POSITION T = Tank BURNT-OFF JOURNAL H = Hot Bearing Detector
U = Locomotive Y = Yes; N = No O = Other

WHEEL TREAD DEFECT SETOUT BEARING HIGHEST PEAK WILD ELASTOMERIC ADAPTER PAD
POSITION Why Made Code 65,67,75,76 78 or 11 Last 30 Days Y = Yes; N = No; U = Unknown

DISTRESSED BEARING VERIFIED SUFFICIENT FIELD INFORMATION SUPPLIED

Y= Yes; N = No Y= Yes; N = No

BEARING INSPECTION REPORT - COMPLETED FOR ANY DISTRESSED ROLLER BEARINGS VERIFIED

DEFECTIVE BEARING MATE (OPPOSITE) BEARING

CERTIFICATE NUMBER
Cone Bore Cone Bore
Month Year Plated Y/N Month Year Plated Y/N
DATE CUP MANUFACTURED

Company Mark Shop Code Month Year Company Mark Shop Code Month Year
MOUNTING INFORMATION

Company Mark Shop Code Month Year Company Mark Shop Code Month Year
LAST RECONDITIONED

TIMES CUP RECONDITIONED 0-1-2-3-4 0-1-2-3-4

CAP SCREW SEAL RINGS Y= Yes; N = No Y= Yes; N = No

INBOARD OUTBOARD INBOARD OUTBOARD

Month Year Month Year Month Year Month Year
CONES MANUFACTURED

CAGE TYPE M = Metallic; O = Other M = Metallic; O = Other

Company Code Month Year 01 = Timken 05 = RBI 09 = Timken HDL 13 = Brenco Thin Gap
SEAL MANUFACTURER / DATE 02 = SKF 06 = Koyo 10 = Brenco DDL 14 = Federal Mogul
03 = Brenco 07 = FAG 11 = Brenco ST212
04 = NTN 08 = Other 12 = Hyatt
ROOT CAUSE OF BEARING FAILURE

FAILURE PROGRESSION MODE (FPM)
AD = Adapter Displaced/Worn Broken MD = Manufacturer / Remanufacturer / Reconditioner Defects
AP = Application Defect NV = Non-Verified Setout
BD = Bearing Destroyed, Undetermined SP = Fatigue Spalling
DS = Displaced Seal TR = Truck Related
LO = Loose Bearing Failure WD = Wheel Tread Defect
LU = Lubrication WE = Water Etch
ME = Mechanical

RAILROAD REPORTING MARK Report Must Be Sent to: WABL Committee Manager
Email: wabl@aar.com
FAX: 719-585-1895
INVESTIGATING OFFICER Mail: Association of American Railroads
55500 DOT Road
Pueblo, CO 81001

AAR Form MD-11, Rev. 11/2008

AAR Roller Bearing Hot Box and Shop Inspection Report

Paragraphs 2.5.3 and 3.1.3
Fig. 4.75
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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

Instructions for Completing Form MD-11

Car Initial: Letter designation on car Table 1

Car Number: Two- to six-digit number following car initial Colored Locking Plate Certificate
Gross Rail Load: Max. loaded car weight in 1,000s of pounds Numbers
Timken 01 1A Orange
Bearing Position: Car side and axle count from B-end of car
Brenco 05 05A Green
Car Type: From list on form Hyatt 06 06A Blue
Journal Size: From list (marked on end cap of bearing)—no entry Fag 13 Red
required for locomotive bearings Koyo 14 White
Burnt Off Journal: Bearing burnt off axle? (Yes or No) NTN 10 19 Purple
Date of Failure: Month - Day - Year SKF 23 Yellow
Method of Detection: From list on form FAG 26 Brown
RBI 29 Gold

Wheel Tread Defect Setout Bearing (if applicable)

Why Made Code: Wheel defect code from list on form
Highest Peak WILD: Highest detector reading in 1,000s of pounds in last 30 days
Elastomeric Adapter Pad: Non-steel pad above bearing adapter (Yes or No)

Distressed Bearing Verified: Yes or No

Sufficient Field Information Supplied: Yes or No

Information for Both Distressed and Mate Bearings

Certificate Number:
Date Cup Manufactured:
Cone Bore Plated:
Mounting Information:
Last Reconditioned:
Times Cup Reconditioned:
Cap Screw Seal Rings:
Cones Manufactured:
Cage Type:
Seal Manufacturer Date:
Failure Progression Mode:
Railroad Reporting Mark:
Signature of Investigating Officer: As applicable
Bearing certificate on end cap or, if colored, locking plate per Table 1
Month (2-digit number or 1-digit letter) and year of bearing manufacture (on cup)
Yes or No
The company mark, shop code, and month and year are found on the locking plate.
The company mark, shop code, and month and year are found on the inside of the cup
(see Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices, Section H, Vol. II, Rule 3.28 for
more information).
Enter total number of reconditioned marks found on inside diameter of outer ring (cup)
Yes or No
Inboard—Month and year
Outboard—Month and year
Metallic or Other
Company code: select from list on form
Month and year
Select from list on form
Reporting mark of railroad investigating officer

AAR Roller Bearing Hot Box and Shop Inspection Report

Paragraphs 2.5.3 and 3.1.3
Fig. 4.75 (Concluded)
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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
SEGMENT 4.0 RP-633

NEW OR RECONDITIONED and

RECONDITIONING SHOP DATA:
MOUNTING SHOP: N = NEW &
QSXK = Company and Shop 6/88 or F-88 = MONTH/YEAR
Identification Marks of shop Manufactured
mounting bearing (Required OR
only if bearing is new or if R = Reconditioned &
mounting shop is different 6/88 = Mth/Yr Reconditioned &
from reconditioning shop) RBXM = Company & Shop
Identification Marks of
Reconditioning Shop
QSXK

RBXM
6/88
R
EC
1/94
BNSQ

END CAP REPLACEMENT DATA:

EC = End Cap replaced and
1/94 = Month/Year End Cap replaced and
BNSQ = Company and Shop Identification Marks
of shop replacing end cap

Locking plate markings

Rule 1.8.5.2
Fig. 4.76

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 AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices
Wheels and Axles
RP-633 SEGMENT 4.0

AAR MD-002 Wheel Procurement Report 20___

Reporting Company ____________________________

Class of AAR Wrought Steel Wheel Designation

Manufacturer Heat Treatment
B
C
B
C
B
C
B
C
B
C
Class of AAR Cast Steel Wheel Design
Manufacturer Heat Treatment
B
C
B
C
B
C

Instructions:
1. Fill in the manufacturer’s name in the first column. The list of approved manufacturers is found in Section G,
M-107/M-208, Appendix B, Fig. B.6
2. Fill in the wheel design for each column. Standard wheel designations are found in Section G, M-107/M-208, Appendix
B, Fig. B.10.
3. Fill in the quantity of each purchase in the boxes below the wheel design information.
4. Send the form to the Wheels, Axles, Bearings, and Lubrication Committee Manager within 30 calendar days. Electronic
reporting is preferred.

Email: wabl@aar.com
Facsimile: 719-585-1895

Mail: AAR WABL Committee Manager

Transportation Technology Center Inc.
P.O. Box 11130
Pueblo, Colorado 81001

AAR Wheel Procurement Report

Paragraph 3.1.4
Fig. 4.77

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Wheels and Axles
RP-633

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