HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL

Volleyball is a team sport played by two teams, each including six players, on a rectangular court
separated by a net.

The primary goal of the game is to accumulate points by sending the ball over the net and into the
opponent's court in a way that prevents the other team from successfully returning it before it making
contact with the ground.

History of Volleyball

- William G. Morgan of Holyoke City, Massachusetts created a game called “Mintonette” in February 9,
1895. Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA)

- Elwood S. Brown introduced it in the Philippines in 1910.

- In 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded in Paris.

- It was first played as demonstration sport in the 1964 Tokyo Olympics.

- Dr. A. F. Halstead renamed it to Volleyball.

- On July 7, 1896 at Springfield College the first game of "volleyball" was played. In 1900, a special ball
was designed for the sport.

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

Playing Area – It includes the playing court and the free zone. It shall be rectangular and symmetrical.

- The playing court is a rectangle measuring 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a free zone which is a

minimum of 3 m wide on all sides.

Net - The net is placed vertically over the center line whose top is set at the height of 2.43 m for men
and 2.24 m for women.

- It is 1 m wide & 9.50 to 10 m long, made of 10 cm square black mesh.

- Two side bands are fastened vertically to the net and placed directly above each sideline.
- An antennae is a flexible rod 1.80 m long and 10 mm in diameter. It is fastened at the outer
edge of each sideband

Posts

a. The posts supporting the net are placed at a distance 0.50 -1.00 m outside the sidelines. They are 2.55
m high and preferably adjustable.

b. The posts are rounded and smooth, fixed to the ground without wires.
Ball

a. The ball shall be spherical, made of a flexible leather or synthetic leather case with a bladder
inside made of rubber or a similar material.

b. b. Its color may be a uniform light color, or a combination of colors.

c. c. Its circumference is 65-67 cm and its weight is 260-280 g.

Other Equipment

Players of a team are uniformly dressed in jerseys, shorts, socks and sport shoes. Jerseys of each team
has a different color.

VOLLEYBALL POSITIONS

SERVING SPECIALIST- a player who subs in just to serve ,these players typically have a very tough or
very consistent serve

LIBERO - they wear a jersey of a different color and play in the back row, five out the six rotations
usually subbing in for both middle blockers, defensive and serve-receive specialists who are typically
fast and are able to change direction quickly

SETTER- the playmaker, point guard or the quarterback of the volleyball team, its responsibility is to
run the team’s offense and build up offensive scoring opportunities for the team

MIDDLE BLOCKER - are the team’s best blockers, middle sets are some of the most difficult to set and
require good passes, therefore middles often get the fewest sets but have the best hitting percentages

OUTSIDE HITTER (Left Side) - hits from the left side of the court, outside typically gets the most sets,
especially when the setter is out of system, due to the fact that the outside set is one of the easier
options to set

OUTSIDE HITTER (Right Side) - hits from the right side of the court, they stand behind the passers on
the rotation while libero and outside hitters pass the ball and place themselves to the left front, right
front or right back playing position

BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

SERVING- Used to put the ball in play. The action is done with arm swing that sends the ball over the
net into the opponent's court.
UNDERHAND SERVE- an underhand serve is a type of serve in which the player holds the ball in one
hand, swings the other in an arc motion below the waist and strikes the ball from the bottom with a fist
to put it in play.

OVERHAND/OVERHEAD SERVE- The overhand (overhead) serve is the most popular serve in high
school and college. The two main overhand serves are the top spin and float.

JUMP SERVE- A jump serve in volleyball is an advanced serving technique where the player approaches
the end line, jumps, and strikes the ball with a powerful overhand motion.

How To Serve?

feet close together, hold ball straight out with non-hitting arm, hitting arm pulls behind head, toss ball
straight up, step with opposite foot and hit the ball with the palm of the hitting arm, do not snap the
wrist – it is a float serve because the ball should not spin

PASSING/ FOREARM PASS

Used to receive the ball from your opponents, as in service, or as a technique to accurately control the
ball in a way that eliminates lifting or carrying the ball.

SETTING

This passing technique lets you move the ball in every direction on the court, take high serve balls and
most importantly set the ball for the attacker to spike. Used to receive a teammate's pass in order that
the play may continue by passing the ball overhead to an attacker.

SPIKING

Used to put the ball into the opponent's court in order to earn a point or side out. the fundamental
action of attacking incorporates a quick approach followed by a strong, full arm swing, and follow-thru.

How to Spike?

start from just behind the attack line, take 2 big steps for your approach then jump, (as you jump,) swing
your arms to get more height, throw your hands up towards the ball, Pull your hitting arm back, and
snap your wrist as you hit the ball with your entire hand (this creates topspin)

BLOCKING

Used to stop the ball from crossing the net as a result of an opponent's attack. A block is effective if it
immediately places the ball back into the opponent's court or if it temporarily slows down the ball in
order for a defender to make a dig.
How to Block?

stand almost at an arm’s length from the net, jump a split second after the hitter Jumps, reach over the
net as far as you can with your hands, with fingers spread out, tighten up your body to get some
“attitude” in your block

REFERRING CORPS AND PROCEDURES

The officiating team in many sports, including volleyball, is called the referring corps. Here's a
breakdown of the roles within this team:

1. THE 1ST REFEREE:

Considered the head official, the 1st referee holds the most authority on the court. Their responsibilities
include:

• Starting the game by signaling the service.

• Blowing the whistle to signal the end of a rally after a fault is committed and identifying the
nature of the fault.

• Making final decisions on calls, including those potentially challenged by teams.

• Using official hand signals to communicate calls to players, coaches, and the audience.

2. THE 2ND REFEREE:

The 2nd referee acts as a support to the 1st referee and shares some officiating duties. They can:

• Blow the whistle alongside the 1st referee to indicate the end of a rally.

• Signal faults they observe, but the 1st referee makes the final call.

• Oversee the net and antenna, calling out any touching violations.

• Assist with player substitutions and timeouts.

3.THE SCORER:

The scorer is the record keeper of the match, responsible for:

• Maintaining the official score sheet, tracking points, sets, and timeouts for each team.

• Monitoring substitutions and ensuring they follow the rules.

• Operating the scoreboard to display the current score for everyone.

• Keeping track of any challenges made by teams.

4. LINE JUDGES (Four or Two):

Line judges are positioned around the court, each responsible for a specific sideline or endline. Their
main task is to:

• Judge whether a ball lands "in" or "out" of bounds.

• Signal any foot faults by serving players.

• Watch for any line touches during play.

• Communicate their calls visually using flags or electronic devices.

HANDSIGNALS IN VOLLEYBALL