11th Maths Scorebooster

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1. Trigonometry-II
ImportantFormulae & Shortcuts Methods
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Directed Angles:
The ordered pair of rays (OA, OB) together with the rotation of ray
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OA to occupy the position of thc ray OB is called the 'Directed Angle B
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AOB' and the amount of rotation of initial ray gives the moasure of
directed angle.
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If the rotation of initial ay is anticlockwisc, then the mcasure of directed angle is positive and if
it is clockwise, then the measure of directed angle is negative.
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Co-terminal Angles:
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The directed angles of different measures having samc position of initial ray and terminal ray
are called co-terminal angles.
f the two directed angles are co-terminal angles, then the difference between their measures is
an integral multiple of 360°.
Systems of Measurement of Angles:

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Sexagesinmal system (Degree measure):
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Unit of measuring angle in this system is Degree, which is (1/360)t part of one complete
rotation.
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(1/60) part of 1° is called 1 minute (1).
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(1/60)" part of 1' is called 1 second (1").

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Circular system (radian measure): In this system the unit of measuring an angle is 'radian'.
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One radian is the measure of an angle subtended at the centre of circle by an arc whose length is
equal to radius of the circle.
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r-10 1-156
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Trigonometric functions:
6 (ii) cos *
sin
= x *
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ii)tan ifx *0) (iv)cosec (ify#0)

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A
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Pxy)
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()sec8 ifx*0) (vicot (ify* 0)

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Since sin 9 +cos 0 = 1, |sin6|| S 1 and |cos 6 Sl

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-1 sin 0 sl and -1 cos 0 S1;

0 sin'01 and 0 cos'0 1
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Since cosec cosec 02 l or cosec 8S-1

sin
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Also, since sec = sec 021 or sec 0 -1

C
Cos0
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Questions
(2) MHT-CET Exam
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functions in different quadrants:
Signs of Trigonometric
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Quadrants
III II IV
Sin e
cOs
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+
tan 6
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Functions
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Domain and Range of Trigonometric
Range
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Function Domain
sinx
r
r
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cosX R
z} R
xxE R, x (2n + nE
1)
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tan x
R-(-1,1)
XXE R,X #nT,nE Z
C
C
Cosec X
sec X {x xe R, x* (2n
+ 1)
,ne z} R-(-1, 1)
R
cot x (xxER, X# n7, nE Z
Angles
e
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:
Trigonometric Functions of Negative
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i) sin (-6) = -sin 6
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(ii) cos (-6) = cos 8
(ii)tan (-6) -tan 6
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= Sc
(iv)cosec(-O)=-cosec
(v) sec (-6) = sec 6
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ee
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(vi)cot (-) -cot 6
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sum and difference:
Trigonometric functions of
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B +sin A sin B
(i) cos (A-B) = cos A cos
cos B - sin A sin B
(i) cos (A + B) cos A B + cos A sin B
=
(1in) sin(A+B) = sin A cos

B - cos A sin B
(iv) sin (A-B) = sin A cos
tan A +tan B as (A-B),
none of the angles A, B as well
(9tan (ATB)=_tan A tan B Provided
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tan A tan B
(A are an odd multiple of
+B)
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(vi) tan (A-B)=

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1+tan A. tan B
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COTAcotB-1
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cot{A +B) =
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(vii) cotA +cotB

CotA cot B +1
(vii) co(A - B) =
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cot B-cotA
tan+A-I+tanA
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(Gix)
C
ta-A1=-tan
A
(x)
4
B) = sin A - sin B
(xi) sin (A +B) sin (A -
cos A sin'B
(xi)cos (A +B) cos (A - B) =
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Trigonometry- Il (3)
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Trigonometric funetions of allied angles:
The result for all the allied angles can be tabulated as
shown below:
Trigonometric| Allied Angles
Functions
--+0-0 2-
e
e
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-sin 6 Cos 6
Sin
cos 6sin
-cos 6-sin
- - 6-sin 6cos 6
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cos cos 6 sin 6 cos cos
-sin -sin 6 sin cos
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tan I-tan cot e cot 6-tan tan 0 cot cot 8-tan 6
.Note:Technique to determine allied angles:
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Step I: Ifthere is an odd multiple of ieor, 3t then sin becomes cos, cos becomes sin and
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tan becomes cot.
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Ifthere is even multiple of, i.e. t or 2n, then sin, cos and tan will remain unchanged.
Step I1: Determine sign (+ or -)
Determine the sign of that trigonometric function based
on the quadrant it lies in.
e.g, sin (Tt +8) is in third quadrant. -ve,
e
e
is in second quadrant. In second quadrant sin is +ve. Hence
sin cos0]
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Trigonometric functions of multiple angles
Trigonometric functions of 20
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) sin 20 =2 sin 6 cose (iv) sin 20=2
tan6
1+ tane
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(ii) cos 20= cos0- sin 6 = 1 -2 sin* 0 = 2 cos* 0-1 (Vcos20 =tan
1+tane
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(11) tan 20 =2tan 6
C
C
I-tan9
Trigonometric functions of 30
(i) sin 30 =3 sin 64 sin' 0
(ii) cos 30= 4 cos 0-3 cos
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3tan0- tan°0 cot30=cot 6-3cote

(ii) tan 30 and.
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1-3tane 3cote-1
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Trigonometric functions of half angles

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() sin a=2sin cos

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Gi) cos co8-1

a-cossin1-2sin2
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2 tan
(iin) tan a=-
C
1-tan
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(4) MHT-CET Exam Questlons
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C
C
2 tan 1-tan2
(iv) sin a=- L-and cos a 2
I+ tan 1+ tan
cos and sin

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(vi)cos= tanand +cos
col-
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sin6 sin
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Factorization Formulae
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) sin C+sin D 2sin
r
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cos
i) sin C-sin D = 2
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cos
(iicos C+ cos D = 2
C
C
sin
v)cos C-cos D--2sin
factorization Formulae
De
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2 sin A cos B sin (A +B) +sin (A B)
= -
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B)
i) 2 cos A sin B sin (A + B) sin (A
- -
in)2 cos A cos B = cos (A +B)+cos (A- B)

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+
(v)2 sin A sin B = cos (A - B)- cos (A B)
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.Trigonometric Functions of Angles of a Triangle
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In any AABC BB
(a)) sin (A+B) = sin C i) sin(B+C) = sin A (ii) sin (C+A) = sin
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(ii) cos (B+C) =- cos A (iit) cos (C+A) =- cos B
(6) 1) cos (A+B) =-cos C
cos
C
C
Gi) sin
) sin |-cos cos2J=sin
)
Gv)cos -sin ( sin co (vco si

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Important Formulae
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sin'x + cosecx2 2, for every real x

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cosx+sec'x 22, for every real x

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tanx +corx 22 for every real x

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Greatest and least values of the expresslon

The greatest and least values of a sinß+b cose are va? +b2 and -va* +b respectively.
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Trigonomotry- (5)
Multiple Choice Questions

MHT-CET 2018
1.
If2 sin cos -. then tan0-
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(A)3 (B)- (C) (D)-V3
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2. cos 1° cos2° cos3°... cos179° =
(A)0 (B)
r
r
1
(D)-1
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MHT-CET 2019
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e -
C
C
3. If then tan cot =
2
(A) (B) C)
3 (D)J
4. The value of sin 18° is
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(A)
nc
nc
nc
(B) 4
4
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5. Which of the following function has period 2?
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(A) cos (21Tx) B) cos (Tx) D) cos
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6.
C
C
4
4 B) 1+
3
D)2
7. cos (36°- A). cos (36°+ A) + cos (54° + A). cos (54° - A) =
(A)cos A (B) cos (C)cos 2A (D)cos 3A
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nc
8. The value of (V3 sin 75°- cos 75°)is

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(A) (B)2 (C)2 cos 15° (D)2 sin 15°

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2
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9. Ife E R, then sin' + cos 0 +3 sin e cos 0=

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(A)3 (B) 1
(C)8 (D)2
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(6) MHT-CET Exam Questions
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cot x =
C
1
10. If 1+tan x = v2, then -
(B)-V2 (C)-
(D) 2
(A)5
11.If sec 0+tan 6= 4, then sin 8=
5
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(B)
nc
nc
nc
(A)15
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MHT-CET 2020
function y= e3*vsinx+ cosx is
12. The maximum value
of the (D)c2
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(C)
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(B)e*
(A)e
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sin(A +B)_ cOs{ + then tan A cot B =
13 I
C
C
sin(A-B) cos(C-D)
(C) cot C cot D (D) tan C tan D
(A)-cot C cot D (B)-tan C tan D
.. tan 89° =
14. tan 1°x tan 2° X tan 3° x X
(A)1 B) 3 (C)2 D)2
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nc
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nc
then si
15. If secx + tan x =3, where xe0.
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B) C)-1 Sc
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16. The value of cos
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(A) C) C) (D)
C
C
17. 1f A and B are two angles such that A, B, E (0, ) and they are not supplementary angles such
that sin A- sin B = 0, then
A)A-B B)A-B (C)A #B D)A=B
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nc
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18. cosec 26 cot 28 =

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(A)sin 29 (B) cos 8 (C) tan 20e (D) tan 6

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19.1f A and B are supplementary angles, then sin+

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(A) (C)1 (A)0

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C
20,-Sin6+cos0
1-sin 6-cos
(A)-tan (B) tan (C) cot (D)-cot
2
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C
C
Trlgonometry- (7)
21.If 2 cos*8 +3 cos 6 =2, then permissible value of cos 0 is

(A)1 (B) D)0
22. If sinx+ cosecx =3, then value of sin'x +cosec"x is

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(A)49
nc
nc
nc
(B)47 C)07 (D)74
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23. The value of sin
6-
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5-1 2+
r
r
22
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sin A+sin 7A + sin 13A
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24.
cos A +cos 7A+ cos 13A
C
C
(A)cot 6A (B) cot 7A (C) tan7A (P) tan 6A
25. If cos x+ cosy =-cos o and sinx + siny =-sin o, then cot
(A)cot a (B)-cot a (C) tan a (D)-tan a.

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26. If tan 6 2 and 6 lies in the third quadrant, then the value of sec
nc
nc
nc
is
(A)3 B)-5 C)-2 (D) 5
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27. For 6 E n30 tan 20.tan 0+ tan 20+tan 6 =1, then 0=
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(A) (B)
(D4
r
r
6
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28. If tan A=, tan B= then A +B=
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C
C
29. sec29-tan28=
() co (B) cot 20 (C) tan 20 (D) tan-

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nc
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30. If sec =,0 lies in 4h quadrant, then tan 6x cosec 0x sin 0x cos =
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12
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Sc
(A) (D)44
B) C)
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169 169
ee
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ee
31. cosx.cos7x - cos5x.cos13x =

(A) 2cos 6x.cos12x B)2 sin6x.sin12x (C) 2sin6x.cos12x D)2sin 6x.cos6x
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C
C
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C
C
32. Ittan =; then cos =
4
A) (C) (D)0
33. If cosec +cot 8=5, then sin 6=
e
e
nc
nc
nc
(A) (8) 13 C (D)
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34. cos+x -in
r
r
ee
ee
ee
cos x cosx (D)W2sin x
(A)2 B)2 sinx C)-2
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where 0 e ( =
C
C
35. If 0 then
1+ tan V3
(A) (B) C (D
36.If tan + sin 0 = a and tan 6-sin 0-b, then the values of cot and cosec 0 are respectively
e
e
(A
nc
nc
nc
-b'a+b a+b'a-b (P)-b'a+b
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37. Which of the following have the same value ?
Sc
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a) sin 120 b) cos 930 (c) tan 840° (d) cot (-1110°)
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(A)only (c) and (d) B) only (a) and (b) (C)only (a) and (c) (D)All (a), (b). (©),. (4)
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38 COS12-Sin 12 sin147
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cos12°+sin12° cos1470
C
C
(A)I (B)-1 (C)0 D)-2
39. sin 690°xsec 240° =
() B) 1
(C)-1 D) 2
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nc
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40. s
ie
ci
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Sc
(A)sin x (B)-cos x (C) sin x (D)cos x

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41. Ifx = 3.sin 6, y =3 cos cos o, z =3 cos sin , then x2+ y +2=
ee
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(A)9 (B)3 C)18 (D)27

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42. 2+2+2cos48=
C
COs&
(A) 2 cos0 (B) cOs6 (C)2 cos (D)
2
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C
C
Trlgonomotry- II (0)
43. If sinx + sin* x = 1, then cos x+2 cos x tcos" x is
(A)3 (B)2 (C)4 (D)1
44. If A+ B+C-180°, then the valuc of

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nc
nc
nc
(A)2
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(B)1 (C)-2 (D)-1
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45. If A, B, C are angles of a AABC, then tan 2A + tan 2B + tan 2C
(A) tan 2A tan 23 tan 2C (B) tan A tan B tan C
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(C)tan 3A tan 2B tan 2C (D)tan 2A tan 3B tan 2C
SinA-sinC
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46. In a triangle ABC if
cos C-cos A cot
B, then A, B, C are in
C
C
(A)Hamonic Progression (B) Geometric progression
(C) Arithmetico- Geometric progression (D)Arithmetic progression
47.If sin 8 =
13
cos
and , ¢ lie in the third quadrant, then tan (9-)=
B)56
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(A) 56
D)
33
nc
nc
nc
56
x sine -y cos6 = 3, then the value of x*+y=

ie
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48. Ifx cos6+y sine =5,
(A)34 (B) 12
Sc
Sc
(C)17 Sc(D)8
r
r
49. tan A +2 tan 2A + 4 tan 4A +8 cot 8 A
ee
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(A)tan A (B) tan 2A (C)cot A )Cot 2A
9
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S0.If a= sin 175° +cos 175°, then -
C
C
(A)a =0 (B) a<0 (C)a>0 g(D)a=1
51. cos(36°-A) cos(36°+ A)+ cos(54°+A)cos(54°-A) =

(A) cos A (B) sin A (C)sin 2A (D)cos 2A
= 4, then tan 9 + cot' 0

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ce
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52. Iftan 6+cot

nc
(A) 191 (B) 194 (C) 110" D)80

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53. IfA, B, C, Dare the angles of a cyclic quadrilateral taken in order, then cos A+ cos B+cos C+ cos D
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rS
rS
(A)-1 (C)0 (D)1

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54. Ifsine =sin15° + sin45°, where 0°<0< 180°, then

(A)45° (B) 60° (C)750 D)150
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C
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(10)MHT-CET Exam Questlons
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SOLUTIONS
C
1. (D)
2sm0co
8sing
2 sin Bcos+cos êsin=cos fcos+sin
e
e
nc
nc
nc
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ie
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25ncosS||cos
Sc
Sc
Sc
sinß+ 3 cos
3
6+;sin t
0=cos
r
r
2
ee
ee
ee
cos tan e=-V
sin
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2
C
C
2. (A = 0)
cos 1° cos 2° cos 3°..... cos 179° = 0 (As cos 90° = 0 product
3. (A)
=tan 6
tan-cot tan-cotT
e
e
nc
nc
nc
-tanco-5
ie
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4. (A)
18°»50 90°» 30+20 90° 20 90°-30
Sc
Sc
Let Sc
sin 20 sin (90°- 30) = sin 28 cos 30
4cos'0 -3 cos
r
r
2sinecos6
ee
ee
ee
2 sin 0 cos cos 0 (4 cos* 0 - 3) cos 0 [4 (1 - sin 0) - 3]
2 sin 0 cos 0= cos 0 (4- 4sin'0 - 3) cos 0 (1 - 4 sin 0)
ar
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cos 0[2 sin 0- (1 -4 sin* 0)]- 0
C
C
cos 0 (4 sin* 0 +2 sin 0 1) - 0
cos 0-0
Ifcos 0
But we have = 18°
cos -
or 4 sin 0 +2 sin
cos
cos 0 #0
0-1 =0
=0 Here a= 4, b= 2,
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ce
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4 sin 6+2 sin 6- 1

cm-1
nc
sin -btvb -4ac -244(F).-2t4 +16 -24V20 -242/5

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2a 2(4)
=v
ci
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Sc
rS
rS
sin
4
ee
ee
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As & lies in " quadrant, sin @=t

ar
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Hence sin18°= 5-1

C
and cos36°=VS+1
Note: Memorise the values sin18°=.
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Trigonomotry- I1 (11)2
C
5. (B)
The period of cos 0 is 27.
.The period of cos n6 is

e
e
27
The function cos (T x) has period2
nc
nc
nc
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6. (B)
Sc
Sc
Sc
an
r
r
tantan* - - 1
ee
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3
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7. (C)
cos (36° A). cos (36° 4+ A) + cos (54°A). cos (54° A)
C
C
[2 cos (36° - A). cos (36*+ A) +2 cos (54° +A). cos (54 - A)]
lcos (36° A+36° A)+cos (36-A - 36° A))+
[cos (54°A +54°- A) + cos (54 A 54° +A)]

e
e
nc
nc
nc
[cos 72+cos(-24)+ cos(108) + cos (2A)]
ie
ie
ie
cos (180- 108)+ cos 2A + cos 108° +cos 2A]
Sc
Sc
Sc
cos 108°cos 1089+2 cos 2A] = cos 2A
r
r
ee
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ee
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8. (B)
C
C
sin75 sin (45° +30°) = sin 45°. cos30° +cos 45. sin 30°
2
cos 75 cos (45° +30°) = cos 45°. cos 30°- sin 45°. sin 30°=
-
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nc
75-cos 75 -
sin 2
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9. (B)
rS
rS
sincos6+3 sin 0 cos e (sin'e) + (cos'e)) +3 sin? 0 cos

(sin4 cos 6) [(sin* 6) - (6in 0) (cos 0) + (cos 0} +3 sin 0 cos e
-
ee
ee
ee
(1) (6in 6 sin 6 cos 6+ cos 0)) + 3 sin 0 cos0 =

sin'9+2 sin G cos + cos 6 (sin* 0 + cos* 0 (1*= 1
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C
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C
10. (B)
1+tanx=2 tanx=v2-1
1-cotx = 1- tan x-=1-- 2-2.V=v
e
e
nc
nc
nc
11. (C)
sec +tan =4.
ie
ie
ie
1+Sin41+sin0=4cos6
Sc
Sc
Sc
cos 8
r
r
cOs
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
cos+
2
Sin,
C
C
8
5sin30costan=
sin -2 tan
34 17
e
e
1+tan2
nc
nc
nc
ie
ie
ie
12. (A)
Sc
Sc
Given y= e+v3 sin x +cos x

Sc
.1)
Differentiating w.r.t. x
r
r
dy
ee
ee
ee
sin x + ca3x(0+3
=S3 cos x -sin x
ar
ar
ar
v3 cos X - sin x =0
dy
Put 0 tan x=V3>x- 60°
C
C
dx
Putting in equation (1), y= e 2'2 =e?

This problem can be alternatively solved as follows
Maximum value of 3 sin x + cos x is VV3) +(1*
e
ce
ce
= 2
nc
Hence maximum value of given function is e*=e'

en
en
ie
13.(A)
ci
ci
Sc
sin(A
+B) cos(C+D)
rS
rS
sin(A-B) cos(C-D)
sin(A + B) +sin(A-B) cos(C+ D)+ cos (C-D)
ee
ee
ee
sin(A + B)-sin (A-B) cos(C+D)-cos (C-D)

ar
ar
ar
2sinA cos B_2cosC cos D

C
2 cos A sinB -2 sin C sin D

tan A cot B -cot C cot D
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
Trigonomotry- I1 (13)
14. (A)
tan 1° x tan 2° x tan 3° x... x tan 89°
tan 1° tan 2° tan 3°... tan 44°] (tan
45°)xtan(90-44°). tan(90°-43°). tan (90° - 1)
(tan 1° tan 2°... tan 44°) (cot 44° cot 43°..cot 1°)
e
e
nc
nc
nc
1
ie
ie
ie
15. (A)
We have scc x +tan x = 3
Sc
Sc
Sc
(1)
We know that sec'x tan'x1
r
r
(sec x- tan x) (sce x+ tan x) =
ee
ee
ee
1
scc x - tan x ...2)
Adding (1) and (2)
ar
ar
ar
2 sec x 10 scc x- co8 x- sinx= vi-cos*x .
C
C
=
16. (C)
cos
e
e
17. D)
nc
nc
nc
sin A sin B = 0
ie
ie
ie
sin A= sin B and we know that sin A = sin(t- A)= sin B
A= B or t- A = B
Sc
Sc
A=B or A+B =t
Sc
Since the angles are not supplementary we say A=B.
r
r
ee
ee
ee
18. (D)
ar
ar
ar
1 cos 28
cosec 20- cot 20
sin 20 sin 20
C
C
1-cos 26 2 sin
sin 2 2 sin8 cos
tan
19. (C)
A and B are supplementary angles. A+B=180 A

=
180
B-90
e
ce
ce
nc
sinsi-sinsi 90sico
en
en
ie
ci
ci
Sc
20.(D)
rS
rS
We know sine - 2sin cosand cos 2cos*-1 = 1-2sin2

ee
ee
ee
1-sin 8+cos6 1-2sinc+|2co8-

ar
ar
ar
1-sin-cose 1-2sin co-1-2sin

C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
Questions
14 MHT-CET Exam
ar
ar
ar
-2sincos+2cos2
C
2
-2sincos+2sin?
2 2
-2cossin-cos -cot
e
e
nc
nc
nc
-2sin cos-sin
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
21. (C)
2
We have 2cos-0 +3 cos
= =
-
r
r
2cos6(cos+2)- 1(cos +2) 0
ee
ee
ee
2cos 0+4 cos cos8-2 0
-
1) (cos +2)
=0
ar
ar
ar
(2 cos
-2(lmpossible) cos
cos
C
C
22. (B)
We have sinx + cosec x =3
cosec x = 9
sin x +cosec" x +2 sin x
e
e
sin'x +cosec°x =9-2 7
nc
nc
nc
49
sin x+cosec x + 2sin* x cosec* x
sin'x + cosec"x = 49-2 47
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
23. (C)
Sc
I-cos
r
r
ee
ee
ee
2
ar
ar
ar
C
24. (C)
+
sin A+sin 7A sin 13A(sin=
A+sin13A)+sin 7A C
(cos A+ cos 13A)+ cos 7A
e
ce
ce
cos A +cos 7A+ cos 13A

nc
2 sin 7A cos 6A+ Sin 7A

en
en
2 cos 7Acos6A + cos7A

ie
sin 7A(2 cos 6A +1)

ci
ci
Sc
cos 7A(2 cos 6A +1)

rS
rS
tan 7A
ee
ee
ee
25. (A)
ar
ar
ar
Given cos x +cos y-cos a and sin x + sin y =-sin aa

C
eo cos ...(1) and

ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
Trlgonomotry- Il (15))
2)
Divided equation (1) by equation (2)
eot cot a
e
e
nc
nc
nc
26. (B)
sec 6
ie
ie
ie
1
+(2 = 5
sec -VS
Sc
Sc
Sc
0 [' 0 lies in 3 quadrant.]
27.(C)
r
r
ee
ee
ee
We have, tan 38 = tan (20 +8)
tan3 = 2n 28+ tan 0
ar
ar
ar
1- tan 20 tan
C
C
tan 3
6-tan 3 6 tan 2 0 tan 6 tan 2 0+ tan 6
tan 3 0 tan 2 0 tan tan 3
We have tan30-tan28 tan 6 + tan 20 +tan
6=1
tan 20- tan 6 - (1)
tan 36- tan 20- tan 8 + tan 0 +tan 20= 1 = tan

38 Fl
tan 30 tan=30= 0-
e
e
nc
nc
nc
28. (D)
tan B3
nA+
ie
ie
ie
tan(A + B)=
1-tan A tan B
Sc
Sc
55+6 61
Sc
66 66
r
1
ee
ee
ee
61
66
ar
ar
ar
tan(A+ B)=1 >A+B = tan
(1) = A+B =:
C
C
29. (D)
sec 20 tan 20 1
cos 20
sin 281-sin
cos 20
29
(1)
cos 26
cos-sin 8) (cos-sin)
e
ce
ce
cos -sine (cos-sin 6)(cos0+ sin )

nc
en
en
tantan 6
ie
cos6-sin 0. 1-tan 8 4
ci
ci
=
Sc
cos+sin 0 1+ tan 1+ tantan 6

rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ta
ar
ar
ar
C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
30. (B)
13 cos 8
Given sec 0=
12
.[9 lies in 4 quadrant]

sin 6
e
e
nc
nc
nc
tane 12 and 0
cosec
ie
ie
ie
2
Sc
Sc
Sc
tan x cosec 0x sin 0x cos 6 =
r
r
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
31. (D)
cos x cos 7x- cos 5x cos 13x
C
C
(2 cosx cos 7x-2 cos 5x cos 13x)
(cos 8x+ cos 6x - cos 18x-cos 8x)
(cos 6x-cos 18x)[(-2)sin 12x sin (-6x)]

e
e
nc
nc
nc
sin12x sin 6x = (2 sin 6x cos 6x) sin 6x
ie
ie
ie
2sin 6x cos 6x
Sc
Sc
Sc
32. (B)
r
r
ee
ee
ee
cos28 tan*e
1+tan0
ar
ar
ar
C
C
33..(B)
Given cosec + cot6=5 .(1)
We know that cosec'e-cot6= 1
(cosec -cot 8) (cosec + cot 6)1 cosec - cot 6 =..(2)
e
ce
ce
nc
Adding (1) & (2), we get

en
en
26
2 cosec
ie
5+
ci
ci
Sc
sin9
rS
rS
cosec0
ee
ee
ee
34. (C)
ar
ar
ar
C
-c -six -sanox-onans
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
Trigonomotry- II(172
cOS X sin x-cos x+sinx
V2
-2 cos x
35. (B)
e
e
- tan 0
nc
nc
nc
Given
1+ tan 6
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
Comparing with tan
TVC WIC
r
r
ee
ee
ee
-0
ar
ar
ar
C
C
4 6
36. (A)
We have
tan+sin6 a ..(1) and tane sin6 = b
-
2)
e
e
Adding equation (1) & (2), we get
a
nc
nc
nc
2 tan 0 a+b » tan = cot =
ie
ie
ie
a+b
By equation (1) -
equation (2), we get
Sc
Sc
Sc
2 sin 6=a- b sin = cosec =
r
r
ee
ee
ee
37.(A)
ar
ar
ar
(a) sin120° = sin (90° +30°) = cos 30°=
C
C
(b) cos 930° = cos[(2 x 360°) +210°] = cos210° = cos(180+ 30)=-cos30°. -
() tan 840 tan[(2 x 360°) + 120°]=-tan 120° -cot 30°= -V3
(d) cot(-1110)-cot 1110°=-cot[(3 x 360°) +30°]=- cot 30°= V3
e
ce
ce
nc
en
en
38. (C)
ie
cos12°-sin 12 sin147
ci
ci
cos12°+sin 12° cos 147

Sc
rS
rS
cos12°-cos 78
cos12°+ cos 78°
+tan 1470
ee
ee
ee
2sin 45° sin(-55)+tan (180°-33°) = tan45° tan33-tan33

2 cos 45° cos 33°
ar
ar
ar
tan 33 - tan 33° =0

C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
Questlons
ar
ar
ar
(18)MHT-CET Exam
C
39. (B)
sin690° x sec240°
sec(180° + 60°)
x 360° +330) x
sin(1
sin330° x (-sec60°)
sin(2-30°) x (-2)
e
e
nc
nc
nc
-2(-sin30) = (-
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
40.(
r
r
sinx-cos+x
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
= xsin cOS X+sin x
C
C
COS
2
sin x
41.(A) cos 0 cos o+9 cos sin o

x+y+ =9 sin0+9
9 sin 0+ 9cos 0 (cos'¢ sin')
+
e
e
cos
nc
nc
nc
=9 sin* 0 +9 0
= 9(sin* 0 + cos 0) =9x1 =9
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
42. (C)
Sc
v2+2+2cos40 = 2+2(1+cos 40)
r
r
ee
ee
ee
- y2+2x2 cos20 v2+2cos2 20
ar
ar
ar
= 2(1+cos20) v2x2 cos 0 =2 cos
C
C
43.(D)
Given sin x +sin'x =1 sin x = 1 - sin'x
sin x cos'x sin'x = cos"x .(1)
+cosx)
e
ce
ce
cos'x +2cos'x + cos'x - (cos x

nc
- (sin?x +cos
en
en
x) =1
ie
ci
ci
Sc
44. (B)
rS
rS
In AABC, A +B +C=r > A +B=T-C

ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
B
tan+ tar
C
A
1-tantan
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
Trigonomotry-1 (19)
tantan+ tan =1-tantan B
ananntnnn
e
e
nc
nc
nc
45. (A)
ie
ie
ie
In AABC, A+B+C =
T » 2A +2B +2C 27t
Sc
Sc
Sc
2A +2B -21t-2C tan(2A +2B) = tan(27T-2C)-tan 2C
tan 2A+an 2B
r
r
ee
ee
ee
1-tan 2A tan 2B -tan 2 C
tan
ar
ar
ar
2A +tan 2B -tan2 C(1 -
tan2A tan 2B))
C
C
tan 2A+ tan2B +tan 2C = tan 2A tan 2B tan 2C
46.(D)
sin A-sin C
cosC-cos A cot B
e
e
2co sinA
nc
nc
nc
Cot B
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
cot cot B AtC =B A+C=2B
r
r
ee
ee
ee
A,B, C are in A.P.
ar
ar
ar
C
C
47. (D)
sin 8 cos 6 =
-
e
ce
ce
in third quadrant = cos

is tantan
nc
COS &
en
en
ie
4
sin
ci
ci
Cos
Sc
rS
rS
is in third quadrant sin ¢ =. S1n= tan =

ee
ee
ee
cCos
tan -tano
ar
ar
ar
tan(-¢) =.
1+ tan tan o
C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
Quostlons
(20) MHT-CET Exam
ar
ar
ar
33
122 33
C
20
56 56
20
e
e
48. (A) ..(1)
nc
nc
nc
= 5
X cos +y-sin 0
..(2)
ie
ie
ie
x sin - y-cos 8 =3
Sc
Sc
Sc
we get
Squaring and adding both eqs.,
+ x*sine -2xy sin 0 cose + y
cos*0=34
cos +y'sin'0
r
r
x-cose+2xy 6-sine
ee
ee
ee
x (cos +sin'8) + y(sin'8 +
cos 8) = 34 ®*+y=34
ar
ar
ar
C
C
49. (C)
= tan A +2 tan 2A +4 tan 4A+8x

tan 4A
2 tan 4A
+4-tan 4A)
tan A+2tan 2A+4tan 4A
e
e
tan 4A
nc
nc
nc
4 tan 4A+4-4tan 4A
ie
ie
ie
= tan A+2 tan 2A +
tan 4A
Sc
Sc
4
Sc
= tan A + 2 tan 2A +- tan A+2 tan 2A+4 cot 4A
tan4A
r
r
ee
ee
ee
2A +20-tan2A)
tan A+2tan 2A +4xtan tan A +2 tan 2A tan 2A
ar
ar
ar
2 tan 2A
2A +2-2 tan 2A
C
C
2
= tan A +2tan tan A+
tan 2A tan 2A
A)
tan A +2 cot 2A tan A+2-tan2
2 tan A
tan A+an
tan A
A
tan A+1-tan A
e
ce
ce
Cot A
tan
nc
tan A
en
en
ie
50. (B)
ci
ci
Sc
a = sin(180° - 5°) +cos(180° -5°)

rS
rS
= sin 5° - cos 5°
In first quadrunt, sin 8 < sin 0 < cos 6
ee
ee
ee
When 0s 6 <45°
sin 5° < cos 5° -
sin 5° cos 5° <0
ar
ar
ar
a<0
C
51. (D)
cos(36°-A)cos(36°+ A)+ cos(54°+ A) cos(54°- A)
= cos(36°- A) cos(36° + A) + cos[90°- (36°- A)] cos [90°-(36+ A)]
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Trigonomotry- Ii (21)
C
cos(36°- A) cos(36° + A)+ sin(36°- A) sin(36° + A)
cos[(36°-A) - (36° + A)] = cos[36°- A-36- A] = cos(-2A) = cos 2A
52. (B)
e
e
tan +cot 6=4
nc
nc
nc
On squaring both side, we get
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
tan+cote +2 tan 0 cot 6= 16 tan^ 0+cot 0 = 14
On squaring both side, we get
r
r
ee
ee
ee
tane +cot' 0+2tane cot'e = 196
ar
ar
ar
tan'+cot'0 = 196-2 194
C
C
53.(C)
Since the quadrilateral ABCD is cyclic, we have
A+C 180 and B+D = 180°
e
e
nc
nc
nc
cos A cos(180°- C) cos C
ie
ie
ie
cos B cos(180°- D) - COS D
Sc
Sc
cos A+ cos B+ cos C+ cos D =0

Sc
r
r
ee
ee
ee
54. (C)
ar
ar
ar
Given sin 0 sin 15° + sin 45°
C
C
-2sin cos 45 .
=2 sin 30° cos 15° 2xcos15°
e
ce
ce
sin = cos 15°sin 6 =

sin(90°- 15°)= 0 = 75
nc
en
en
ie
ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
2. Straight Lines
C
& Shortcuts
Methods
Important Formulae
Distance Formula and Q(x2.y2)
is given by
e
e
points P(x,.y1)
The distance between two
nc
nc
nc
ie
ie
ie
//sj +vi|
Sc
Sc
Sc
fhom origin
Note: Distanceof (.y1)
r
r
ee
ee
(m1,m2>0) then
ee
Formula in the ratio m:m2
Section
the join of P(x1.y1) and Q(x2,Y2)
divides
ar
ar
ar
IfR(x y) *m2y1 (divides internally)
mXI.my;
C
C
x
m+m2 m*m 2
,
m2y1 (divides externally)
andx
;y-. m m2
m n2
PQis
The mid-point of
e
e
nc
nc
nc
ie
ie
ie
A & is given
Area of a Triangle (x1.y1); B (x2. Y2) & C(x3,y3) is denoted by
Sc
Sc
The area ofa AABC with

vertices A Sc
r
r
2-y,)+x, 7)-y,)+x, G1-y2)
ee
ee
ee
1
as:A 2 2
ar
ar
ar
C
C
Standard Points of a Triangle (x1.y1), B (x 2.Y2) and C (x3.Y3) is
G)The ceatroid of a triangle with vertices A
(x1,Y1), B (x2,Y2) and C (x3.Y3) is

i) The incentre of the triangle ABC with vertices A
e
ce
ce
nc
ax+bx +ca ay +by2+03

en
en
ie
a+b+c a+b+c
ci
ci
a, b, c being the sides BC, CA, AB of the triangle respectively.

Sc
rS
rS
Collinearity of three Given Points

ee
ee
ee
The three given points are collinear i.e., lie on the same straight line if
(i) Area of triangle ABC is zero.
ar
ar
ar
(i) Slope of AB = slope of BC = slope of AC

Distance between A and B Distance between B and C Distance between A and C
C
(Find the eguation of the line passing through any two points,
equation of the line, then three
if third point satisfies the
points are collinear.
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Stralght LInss (23)
C
Slope of a Line
The slope of a line joining two points (x .y1) and (x 2:y 1) ls m
Y2 = tan 0 (x1 t %2)
where, 0 is angle which the line makes with the positive direction of x-axis,
e
e
nc
nc
nc
.Equation of a Stralght lHne in Vnrlous Forms
x nnd y is ax + by + c*0, where
( General Form: The genernl equation of the first degrce in
ie
ie
ie
and b cannot be zero at the same time.
Sc
Sc
Sc
Its slope is-
r
r
Intereept on the -axis is-
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Intercept on the y-axis is-
C
C
(i) Intercepts form: The cquation of a lino making interccpts 'd and 'b' upon x and y ares
respectively is given by
e
e
(ti)slopeintercept form: The equation of a line which has slope m and cuts off an intercept c
nc
nc
nc
upon y-axis is given by y = mx *c, where m = tan 6
ie
ie
ie
iv)Point-Slope form: The equation of a line passing through the point (x1, y1) and having
Sc
Sc
m(x-x1).
Sc
slope m is given by y-Yi =
r
r
ee
ee
ee
(v) Two Point Form: The equation of a line passing through two points (x1.Y1) and (x2,y2)
ar
ar
ar
is given by (y-y1)= - -)
C
C
(vi)Parametric Form: The equation of a line passing through (xX1,y 1) and making an angle 6
with the positive direction ofx-axis is
=rcos6 sin
where r is the distance of the point (x, y) from the point (x1.y1).
e
ce
ce
nc
Ifr is positive, then the point (x, 1) is on the right of (x1.Y1) but
en
en
Ifr is negative then (x, y) is on the left of(x1.y 1).

ie
ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
Angle between two Lines
Angle between two lines whose slopes are m, and m,

is = tan- m2
ee
ee
ee
1+ mm2
The two lines whose slopes are mj and m2 are parallel iff
ar
ar
ar
Corollary 1:
tan e=0 mj = m2.
0 (or T)
C
Corollary 2: The two lines whose slopes are m and m2 are perpendicular iff
cot cot 8 =0 >mim2 =-1.

ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
and a^X+b2ytC2 are
C
Note: Two lines given by the equations a, x+b,y+C 0
+ babj = 0
)Parallel if (ii) Perpendicular if a, a2
Gildenticalif -1-°
e
e
nc
nc
nc
of Perpendicular from a Point on Line
a
ie
ie
ie
Length ax +by1 +
Sc
Sc
Sc
The length of perpendicular from (x,y1)
on ax by+c=015a?+b)|
r
r
ee
ee
ee
Distance between Two Parallel Lines parallel lines ax + by +c=0 and ax +by +c 0 is
ar
ar
ar
between the
The perpendicular distance
C
C
Wa's
Concurrent Lines
0,i=1,2,3 are concurTent if
The three lines a,x +b;y+0; =
e
e
nc
nc
nc
32 b2
c20
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
r
r
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
MHT-CET 2018
was wrong and bonus marks were granted. Find
(Question based on this topic in MHT-CET 2018
C
C
below the modified Question.) bisects
1. The equation of the line passing
through the point (-3, 1) and parallel to the line which
the angle between co-ordinate axes is
(B)x-y+4 =0 (C) Both (A) (B) D)None of these
(A)x +y+2=0
e
ce
ce
MHT-CET 2019
nc
2. IfP (2, 2), Q (-2, 4) and R (3, 4)

are the vertices of APQR then the equation of the median
en
en
through vertex R is
ie
(B)x+3y+9=0 (C)x -3y-9=0 (D)x-3y +9=0

ci
ci
(A)x +3y-9=0
Sc
rS
rS
the line passing through A (6, 1) and perpendicular to the line x-2y=4
3. The y-intercept of
is
(A) 13 (B)-2 (C)26 (D)5
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
4. Thex-intercept of the line which passes through points A (-1, 2) and B (2, 3) is
(A)-7 B)-3 (C)7 (D)3
C
5. The number of lines passing through A (1, 2) and making equal intercepts on the coordinates
axes i
(A)one (B) three (C)four D)two
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
Straight Lines (25)
ar
ar
ar
C
C
MHT-CET 2020 intersects the line 4x+3y-5 0 in the point
points (1, 4), (-5, 1)
6. The line through the
(C)(2, 1) (D)(-1,3)
(B)(-1,-3)
e
e
nc
nc
nc
4y + k = 0 is 2 units,
1) on the line 3x -
7. Tf the length of perpendicular

drawn from the point (4,
ie
ie
ie
then the values of k are (D)2,-18
(C)-2,
Sc
Sc
Sc
(A)-2, 18 (B)-2,-18
line passing
the point (7, -4) and perpendicular to the
8. The equation of a line passing through
r
r
ee
ee
ee
through the points (2, 3) and (1, -2) is
(A)x-2y- 15 = 0 (B)x + 2y+1 =0
ar
ar
ar
(C)x-5y- 13 =
0 (D)x +5y + 13 = 0
C
C
+ cos
from the origin to the linesx sin 0 y = 5 cos 26
9. Ifpi and p2 are the lengths of perpendicular
and x cosec 6 +y sec -5 =0 respectively, then pf +4ps
(B) 5 (D)
(A)25
e
e
4y=9 and 6x + 8y= 15 is
10. The distance between the lines given by 3x +
nc
nc
nc
(B)0.5 units (C)0.3 units (D)3 units
(A)5 units
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
11. The Cartesian co-ordinates of the point whose polar co-ordinates

Sc
are120 are
r
r
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
12. The equations of the lines which make intercepts on the axes whose sum is and product
8 is 15
C
C
are
(A)3x- 5y+ 15 = 0 5x +3y +15 == 0
(B) 3x +5y- 15 = 0 3y+5x15 0
(C) 3x +5y +15 = 0, 5x +3y- 15 =0
(D)5x - 3y+ 15 = 0, 3x+ 5y + 15 = 0
e
ce
ce
of a point of intersection of two lines x/3-y=kv3 and v3kx+ky = v3, ke R,

nc
13. The locus

en
en
describes
ie
(A) an ellipse (B) a hyperbola (C)a pair of lines (D)a parabola

ci
ci
Sc
at the points A and B respectively. The point (S, 6) di'vides the line
rS
rS
14. The lines cut X and Y axes

segment AB intemally in the ratio 3 : 1,then equation of line is
(A) 2x-5y=-20 (B) 2x +y= 16 (C) 2x-y=4 (D)2x +5y= 40

ee
ee
ee
15. The acute angle included between the lines

x sin 6- y cos =5 and x sin a-y cos a+11
ar
ar
ar
0 is
a (B)+a (C)
C
(A)19
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
from the point P(a,
b) to the line+=l is
C
16. The length of the perpendicular
(A)
ab
units
B
() units
Wa +b*|
Va2+b2 (D units
e
e
( units
nc
nc
nc
ab
intersection of AC
ie
ie
ie
mid-point of AB. IfR is the point of and
is a parallclogram, is the
P
17. ABCD
Sc
Sc
Sc
DP, then R divides AC intemally in the ratio (D)3:
(B)2:3 (C)1:2
(A)2:1
r
r
ee
ee
ee
k =
k), B(-3, 1) and C(-7,-2) are collincar, then
18. Ifthe points A(5,
ar
ar
ar
C)-7 (D)
(A) (B)7
C
C
by y-V3x+1=0 and v3 y-x+7=0 is
19. The acute angle between the lines given
C)45 (D)30°
(A)60° (B)75
midpoint of a line segment intercepted between the
c0-ordinate axis, then
20.If (a,-2a), a >0 is the
e
e
the equation of the line is
nc
nc
nc
(A)2x-y=4a (B)x-2y=5a (C)2x-y+ 4a = 0 (D)x-2y+4a =0
ie
ie
ie
21. The polar co-ordinates of the point whose Cartesian co-ordinates are (-2, -2), are given by
Sc
Sc
Sc
(A2. (C 224) (D2
r
r
ee
ee
ee
22. The points A(-2,-b), B(0, 0), C(a, b) and D(a, ab) are
ar
ar
ar
(A)vertices of a rectangle (B) vertices of a parallelogram
C
C
(C)vertices of a squaree D)collinear
SOLUTIONS
1. C)
e
ce
ce
Equations of lines which bisect coordinate axes are given by y=x ory =-x.
nc
These lines have slopes 1 or-1.

en
en
ie
Required line is parallel to any one of these lines and passes through (-3, 1).
ci
ci
Hence required equations are

Sc
rS
rS
-1) 1x +3) or (y-1)-1 (x +3)

y-1 =x +3 or y-1 =-x -3
X-y+4 = 0
ee
ee
ee
or X+y+2 =0
ar
ar
ar
2. (D)
Given P (2, 2) Q=(-2,4) R= (3, 4)
C
Let S be the mid point of PQ.
s22, 22|=s=0,
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Straight LInes (27)
C
Equation of median RS is
-3y+9 - x i.c. X - 3y +9=0

e
e
3. (A)
nc
nc
nc
The slope of line x - 2y -4 is
ie
ie
ie
But the required line is lcr to the line x 2y- 4. Hencc its slope is -2.
Sc
Sc
Sc
-
The line passes through the point (6, 1)

The cquation of line is
r
r
y-1-2 (N 6) y- 1 = -2x +12 2x +y - 130
ee
ee
ee
y-intercept = 13
ar
ar
ar
4. (A)
C
C
Equation of line AB is
» -3 (y-2)=-I (x + 1)
=
-3y+6-N - 1x -3y+7 0
x intercept==-7
e
e
nc
nc
nc
5. (D)
ie
ie
ie
Any line making equal intercepts with co-ordinate axes has slope t1.
.
Sc
Sc
equation of lines passing through (1, 2) & slope t 1 are

Sc
y-2=(x- 1) and y-2-1 (x- 1)
and X+y= 3
r
r
X-y=-1
ee
ee
ee
6. (D)
ar
ar
ar
Equation of line passing through A(x, y) =(1,4) and B(X2. y:)= (-5, 1) is
C
C
y-4X-1
4-1 1+5
=2-4) =x-1 =x-1-2y +8 -0
x-2y+7 = 0 ...(1)
Also given equation of line is 4x +3y 5 0 ..(2)
e
ce
ce
Solving (1) & (2) we get x =-1, y=3

nc
en
en
ie
7. (D)
ci
ci
We have, point (4, 1) and 3x- 4y+k =0

Sc
3x4-421+-2 =
rS
rS
V25
2
ee
ee
ee
=
8 +k 10 t(8+k) 10
= 10 k=2 or k=-18
8+k 10 or -8-k
ar
ar
ar
C
8. (D)
Slope of line through (2, 3) and (1, -2) is -
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
-
C
Hence slope of required line is
Equation of required line is
+ 13 = 0
ic. x +5y
y+4)=-x-7) »5y +20 -x+7
e
e
9. (A)
nc
nc
nc
As per condition given, we write
I-5 cos 26 -51
ie
ie
ie
and P2
P1
0+cos*6 cos ec0+8cc* 0
Sc
Sc
Sc
Vsin
25cos 28 4(25)
and 4p
P cos ec-0+ sec 0
r
r
ee
ee
ee
100
. pi+4p 25(cos-sin ) *71
ar
ar
ar
cos 6
sin 0
C
C
25(cos -
sin 0) (cos 0 + sin 0)+ 100 sin 0 cos0
25(1 - sin 20) (1 + sin 20) +25 (4 sin* 0
coss 0)
25(1- sin20 + sin 20 sin 20)+25 (2 sin cos )

-
25(1 sin 20) +25(sin 20)
25(cos 20) +25(sin 20) = 25
e
e
nc
nc
nc
10. (C)
ie
ie
ie
Given parallel lines are
3x +4y= 9 6x + 8y= 18 and 6x + 8y =15
Sc
Sc
Sc
Distance between them is
h8-15=-0.3
r
r
ee
ee
ee
d
V36+644
Va+b
ar
ar
ar
11. (C)
C
C
Given Pt,8)-|5.120°rs, 120°
We have x=r cos 6= cos 120° =*

e
ce
ce
and y=r sin 8sin

nc
120° =
en
en
ie
ci
ci
Required point is
Sc
h
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
12. (B)
Let 'a' and 'b' be the intercepts made by line.
ar
ar
ar
We have a+b=8 and ab= 15

Solving, we get (a, b) = (3, 5) or (5, 3)
C
Let equation of line be (1

ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
Stralght Lines (29)
When a 3, b=5 from (1), we get
Sx +3y- 15 = 0 .2)
e
e
When a= 5, b= 3 from (1), wec get
nc
nc
nc
3x + Sy 15 0 ...(3)
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
13. (B)
We have xy3-y =kv3
.(1) and
r
r
3kx +ky = 3
ee
ee
ee
(2)
We will equate valuc of k from eq. (1) and (2)
ar
ar
ar
C
C
x-y)(z/3+ y) = (5)(B)
1, which is equation of hyperbola.

e
e
14. (D)
nc
nc
nc
Let A = (a, 0) and B = (0, b)
P5,6)
ie
ie
ie
Let P= (5, 6) and it divides AB in the ratio
3: 1
A(a, 0)
=X0+1(a) » B(0, b)
Sc
Sc
5 5
=>a-20
Sc
3+1
s+lxo
r
r
6
3b= 24
ee
ee
ee
3+1 b=8
Thus intercepts on X and Y axes are 20 and 8 respectively.
ar
ar
ar
Equation of AB
isA+=1i.e. 2x +5y = 40
C
C
20 8
15. (A)
Slope of line x sin 6-y cos =5 is mii Sin 6
Cos 6
tan
Slope of line x sin o-y sin c+ =0 is m2= Sin
e
ce
ce
11
tan a
cos a
nc
Let B be the angle between the lines

en
en
tan
ie
tanß 6 tan& tan B = tan (-a)

ci
ci
1+tan a tan a
Sc
rS
rS
16. (B)
ee
ee
ee
We have line bx + ay- ab = 00

ar
ar
ar
Length of Ler from P(a, b) on the given line is

C
ba+ab-ab-ab
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
30) Questlons
MHT-CET Exam
ar
ar
ar
17. (C)
Draw BS parallel to DP as shown P
C
SC = x
Let AP = PB = x* DS =x
ABAQ A PAR
=
ABAQ2x A AQ 2AR
AP AR
AQ.
ARx
i.e. AR = RQ
Thus R is mid point of D
e
e
X S X
Similarly A CQS~A CRD
nc
nc
nc
CQ= RQ
ie
ie
ie
Thus we get AR = RQ = CQ
2
Hence point R divides AC in the ratio 1:
Sc
Sc
Sc
18. (B)
r
r
Slope of BC
ee
ee
ee
Slope of AB =
ar
ar
ar
C
C
-3 k=7
19.(D)
1
Slope of given lines are mi= v3, and m2 =
e
e
nc
nc
nc
ie
ie
ie
tan8=
Sc
Sc
Sc
+xT
r
r
.
ee
ee
ee
tan 6 0 30°
ar
ar
ar
20.(A)
C
C
Given point (a, -2a) is the midpoint of the intercepts.
Let Points A, B, M be as shown in figure.
Hence the intercept points are (2a, 0) and (0, -4a)
Equation of line from intercept in intercept form. /A(2a, 0)
. X
2% -y=4
e
ce
ce
M(a,-2a)
nc
(0,-4a)B
en
en
ie
ci
ci
Sc
21. (C)
rS
rS
We know that r= yx*+y =

(-2)+(-2) = 2/2 and tan -
ee
ee
ee
e tan'1
as the point (-2,-2) lies in IIl quadrant.
ar
ar
ar
C
,6) -
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
Stralght LInos (31)
22. (D)
Distance between the points A (-n, -b) and B(0, 0)-
J0+a)? +(0+b2 ya+b
Distance between the points B(0, 0) and C(a, + (b -0)2
b), ya-0 va2+b2
Distance between the points C(a, and D(a*,
e
e
b) nb)
nc
nc
nc
- a-a) +(ab-b?- y[a(a-1)} +[b(a-1»F
ie
ie
ie
-ya (a-1) +b°(a-1)2 - a+b(a-1 - (a-1)va? +b3
Sc
Sc
Sc
Similarly, distance between the points
A(-a, -b) and D(a", ab)
r
r
-la+a)+
ee
ee
ee
(ab+
b*= (a+1)Va? +b3
va2+b2 + va2 +b +(a-1)Va2 +b2
ar
ar
ar
AB+BC+CD =
C
C
(a+1)va +b = AD
Hence the point are collinear.
e
e
nc
nc
nc
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
r
r
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
e
ce
ce
nc
en
en
ie
ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
3. Circle
ar
ar
ar
C
C
Methods
C
Shortcuts
Important Formulae&
given by : x* + ya2
Standard Equation circle with centre at origin and
radius 'a' is
Theequation ofa
e
e
radius 'r' is given by
:
.Centre-Radius Form with centre at (h, k) and

nc
nc
nc
The cquation of a cinle
(x- h* + -k)* r =
ie
ie
ie
(X1. y1) and B (x,. vyi) as
Sc
Sc
Sc
Diameter Form segment joining points A
cinele described on the line
The equation ofa (N =N:) + (y- ) (y- y:) 0
diameter is given by: (-Nn)
r
r
a
ee
ee
ee
General Equation of a Circle is + y' +2gx + 2fy +c=0
circle of the formm x'
ar
ar
ar
The general equation of the
Y
Here. Center (-g-t) and r=vg*+fi-e
=
C
C
P(x, y)
Parametric Equations of Standard Equation
x* + y = a is
given by x =a cos B and y = a sin 0

The parametric equations of circle (x
- h)* + (y - k) = are r M
given by x =h+rcos and y =k+rsin6.

e
e
(h + r cos6, k +r
The co-ordinates of any point on the circle are
nc
nc
nc
sine).
ie
ie
ie
Condition for general equation of second degree in and y i.e.
xX
Sc
Sc
ax 2hxy+by* + 2gx+2fy+c=0 to represent a circle if,

Sc
(i) a=bi.e. coeftcient of x* = coefficient of y.
(i) h =0 i.e. no term in xy or coefticient of xy = 0.
r
r
ee
ee
ee
Let C (h. k) be centre of a circle having radius 'r'.
ar
ar
ar
fcircle touches X-axis, then r = |k.
C
C
i) If circle touches Y-axis, then r = h|.
If the two circles with centre C1 and C2 and radii ri, r2

() touch each other externally, then t(C1C>)=I1 +2
(ü) touch each other internaly, then !(CiCa)= |ri- rzl
(iijintersect in rwo distinct points, then iri -rzl < (CC) <1 t12
e
ce
ce
:
(iv)wo circles lying outside each other (C,C;) > ti +r2
nc
en
en
() one circle iying inside another without touching, then e(CC) < n l
-
ie
Forthe circle r ++2gx +2fy + c=0

ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
i) length of the intercept on X-axis is 2 g-c.

ee
ee
ee
(i) length of the intercept on Y-axis is 2vr-c.

(ii)if gf = c, then circle touches X-axis.
ar
ar
ar
(iv)if f= c, then circle touches Y-axis.

g=
C
(v) if f=c, then circle touches both axes.

If two circles x
+f +2gix + 2f1y + c
other orthogonally, then 2g1g2 +
= 0 and x+y+2gax + 2f2y +o2 = 0 intersect eacu
21fh=c t ca2.
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
Circle (33)
Multiple Choice Questlons
MHT-CET 2019
1. The cquation
of thc circle concentric with the circle x
Y-axis +y-6x
e
e
is - 4y 12= 0 and touching tne
x+y 6x-4y-4
nc
nc
nc
(A) -
0 (B)x+ y-6x-4y -9- 0
(C)x+y -
6x 4y+9
ie
ie
ie
0 (D)x+ y -
6x -
4y + 4 0
Sc
Sc
Sc
2. The intercept on
the line y x by the circle x
with AB as a diameter is
=
+y - 2x = 0 is AB. The equation
of the Circle
r
r
N-y=0 (B)x* + y +3x y0
ee
ee
ee
C)+y+X+y=0 -
(D)x*+y-3x+ y =0
ar
ar
ar
3. The parametric equations
of the circle x* + y*+2x
-4y- 4 = 0 are
C
C
(A)x= 1 +3 cos 6, y
-2+3
(C)x-1 +3 cos 6, y =-2+3 sin
sin (B)x = I
+3 cos 0, y=-2+3 sin 0
0 (D)x-1 +3 cos 0, y = 2+3 sin 0
4. If theradius ofthe circle x* +y- 18x+ 12y +k= 0 is 11 units, then the value of
(A)-3 (B) 4 k is
(C)3 (D)-4
e
e
5. If (a, b) and (4, 3) are end-points of a diameter of the circle x* +
nc
nc
nc
then (a, b) = y+4x- 6y +11 = 0,
(A)-8,3)
ie
ie
ie
(B) (8, 3) C)(8,-3) (D)(-8,-3)
Sc
Sc
Sc
MHT-CET 2020
r
r
6. Ife is a parameter, then the parametric equations
ee
ee
ee
of the circle x+y-6x + 4y-3 =0 are given by
ar
ar
ar
(A)x=3 +4 sin 6 and y = 2+4 cos
(B)x=3 +4 cos and y=-2 +4 sin 6
(C)x=-3+4 sin
C
C
and y =-2+4 cos 6 D)x =3+4 cos 0 and y = 2+4 sin 6
7. The Cartesian equation of the curve given
by x = 6 cos 6, y= 6 sin 6 is
(A)x*+=6 (B)x*+y = 5
(C)x*+y=16 (D)x*+y=36
8. The equation of the circle whose end
points of a
x+y+ 2x- 4y + l =0 andx*+y- 8x +6y + 17 = 0diameter are the centres of the circles
e
ce
ce
is
(A)x+ y+3x - y- 10 0
nc
(B)x+y-3x- y- 10=0
en
en
(C)x+y-3x + y- 10=0
(D)x*+y+3x +y-10=0
ie
ci
ci
Sc
9. If A(3,-2,2), B(2,+1,5) are the end points of the diameter of the circle
and if the point (5, 6,-1)
=
rS
rS
lies on the circle, then

(A)8 (B) 7 C)6 (D)5
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
are respectively
C
10. The centre and radius of a circle x = 4a y 2
(A)(0, 0) and 2a units (B) (0, 0) and 4a units
(C)(0, 0) and a units (D)(0, 0) and 3a units
and making x-intercept 3 and y-jntercept -5 is

11. The equation of a circle passing through origin
e
e
(B)x +y-3x +5y =0
nc
nc
nc
(A)x+y+3x - 5y =0
(D)x* +y+3x + 5y =0
C)x+y-3x-5y 0
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
12. If the radius of a circle x*
+ y- 4x +6y-k=0 is 5, then k =
(B)25 (C)-12 (D)-25

(A) 12
r
r
ee
ee
ee
of the chord cut off on the line 2x
- 5y + 18 = 0 by the circle
13. The co-ordinates of the mid-point
ar
ar
ar
are
x+-6x +2y-54 0
C
C
(B)(2,4) (C1, 1) (D)(1,4)
(A)4.1)
14. The radius of the circle passing through the points (5, 7), (2,-2) and (-2, 0) is
(A)2 units (B) 5 units (C)3 units (D)4 units
e
e
of the circle, the end-points of whose diameter are the centres of the circles
15. The equation
nc
nc
nc
x+-2x +3y-3 = 0 and x +y +6x - 12y-5 = 0 is
(B)2x+2y +4x-9y +24 0
ie
ie
ie
(A)2x+2y+4x +9y-24-0
D)2x+2y-4x-9y-24 0
Sc
Sc
(C)2x+2y+4x-9y-24=0 Sc
16. The Cartesian equation of the curve x
r
r
= 3 +5 cos ,y=2+5 sin 0 is (0 s6s2)
ee
ee
ee
(A)x+y+ 6x-4y+12=0 (B)x+y- 6x +4y-12 =0
(C)x+ +6x +4y+ 12 =0 (D)x+- 6x-4y-12 0
ar
ar
ar
C
C
SOLUTIONS
1. (D)
The given equation of the circle is x+y- 6x- 4y- 12 =0
e
ce
ce
Comparing this equation with x*+ y+2gx +2fy +c =0,

nc
we get g-3, f=-2

en
en
ie
Centre of the circle is C (-g,-f)= (3, 2)

ci
ci
The required circle touches the Y-axis and the radius of the circle is 3.
Sc
rS
rS
Hence the equation of the required circle is (x -3)+(y 2) = 3

x-6x+9+y-4y+4=9 ~x'+y- 6x- 4y +4 0
ee
ee
ee
2. (A)
ar
ar
ar
The equation of line isy=x and the equation of circle is x +y-2x

= = 0
x+x-2x
C
0 »2x*-2x = 0 2x (x- 1) =0>x = 0, x = 1

When x 0, y = 0 and x = 1, y =1|
. The point of intersections are (0, 0) and (1, 1)
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
Cihcle (35)
(AB)-+1=v2, centre= and mdius

==
Equation of cincle is
e
e
nc
nc
nc
x-x-y+=5^x+y-x-y-0
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
3. (D)
x 2x -4y -4 0
r
r
(x+2x+ 1)+(-4y+4)-4-5 -0
ee
ee
ee
(+1)+(y-2)* = 9 =+ 1+ (y-2- 3
The parametne equations ae
ar
ar
ar
x+l=3 cos 8 and
sin
C
C
X-I +3 cos 8 and y2+3 sin 8
4. (D)
The equation circle is x+y-18x +12y+k= 0. Here. g--9, f= 6, c-k
RadiusVg +f*-c =11 » vS1+36-k =1l » v17-k = 11
e
e
On squaring both sides, 117-k= 121 - k=4~k*4
nc
nc
nc
5. (A)
ie
ie
ie
(a. b) and (4, 3) are end points of a diameter of the einele
Sc
Sc
x+y+4x-6y +1l =0
Sc
equation of circle is (N- a) (x -4)+ (y- b) (y- 3) =0
r
r
4x ar + 4a+ y- 3y- by + 3b = 0
ee
ee
ee
x++(4-a) x +(-3- b) y+(4a+ 3b) = 0
Comparing with equation (0) we get
ar
ar
ar
-4-a 4 and -3-b=-6 a m-$ and b=3
C
C
6. (B)
Given equation of circle is
x+y-6x +4y-3=0
(*-6x +9)-9+(y+4y+4)- 4-3 = 0o
(x-3)+(y +2)
e
ce
ce
= 16
nc
Comparing with. (N- h)* +(y-k) =r, we get

en
en
h 3,k-2,r=4
ie
ci
ci
Parametric form is
Sc
X h+r cos 6 and y

y k+ r sinsin8
rS
rS
x =3+4 cos and -2+4 8

ee
ee
ee
7. (D)
On squaring and adding both given equations, we get
ar
ar
ar
x+y = 36 cos 0+36 sin 6

C
= 36(cos* +sin8)
x+ =36
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
8. (C)
2) and B(4, -3)
Let centres of given circles be A(-1,
circle, we write
By diameter form of equation of
x+ 1)(x-4) +(y-2) (y +3)=0
- = 0
x*-4x +x-4+yf+3y 2y-6
. x*+y-3x +y- 10 =0
e
e
nc
nc
nc
9. (C) P5.6.-1)
P in the semicircle APB is a right
The angle subtended at the point
ie
ie
ie
angle. AP L PB
Sc
Sc
Sc
i.c. (2, 8,-3)
Now direction ratios of AP are (5-3, 6+2,-1-2)
1) i.e. (-3, A- 5, 6)
Now direction ratios of PB are (2-5, +1 -6, 5+
r
r
Since AP L PB, we wite
ee
ee
ee
18 =0 =n=8
(2) (-3) +80-5) - 3(6) = 0 -6+8-40
ar
ar
ar
10.(B)
C
C
Given equation of circle in parametric form is
x 2t
4a and y
4a4E)
,
x= 4a cos 20 and y =4a sin 2 where t = tan 8
e
e
Comparing with x =rcos 6, y = r sin 6, we get r=4a, centre is (0, 0)
nc
nc
nc
11.(B)
ie
ie
ie
Y
A(3, 0), B(0, -5) be the co-ordinate of ends
Sc
Sc
of diameter AB. By diameter form, equation Sc

of circle is
x-3) (x0)+(y-0)
BCO,
r
r
(y+5)=0
ee
ee
ee
=
x-3x++ 5y x+y-3x
0 +5y=0
)
ar
ar
ar
C
C
X
A3,0)
12.(A)
Given equation of circle is
x+y-4x +6y- k
r =
v4+9+k 5 = v13 +k 13+k=25
e
ce
ce
k 12
nc
en
en
ie
13. (D)
ci
ci
Let AB be the chord

Sc
Let the mid point of chord be M(h, k)

rS
rS
Here centre is O = (3-1)

M 2x-5y+ 18 0
Here OMLAB
ee
ee
ee
(slope of OM) (slope of AB) = --1

ar
ar
ar
O(3,-1)
C
Sh+2k 13
Point M(h, k) lies on the 2x -
5y + 18 0 ..(1)
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Circle (37)
C
2h 5k = -18 .(2)
Solving equation (1) & (2) we get
h 1,k=4 (1,4) is requircd point.
14. (B)
Let (h. k) be the center of the circle which passes through (5. 7). (2,-2) and (-2,0)
e
e
(h-2)+(k+2* = (h +2) + k
nc
nc
nc
+
4h 4+4k+ 4 4h+ 4 8h 4k4 2h k=1
ie
ie
ie
Also (h-5) +(k 7) - (h+2
-
+k*
-
Sc
Sc
Sc
-10 h +25 - 14 k+ 49 4h +4 14 h +14 k 70 h+k - 5 ...(2)
Solving (1) and (2), we get, h 2, k =3 centre =(2, 3)
Radius = 3-(-2) = 5
r
r
ee
ee
ee
15. (C)
ar
ar
ar
A and B=(-3, 6) be the ecntres of givcn circles.
C
C
By diameter form cquation of circle is
x-1) +3)+y+-0)-0
x+2x-3+y-y-9 =0
2x +2y +4x-9y-24 0
e
e
nc
nc
nc
16. (D)
ie
ie
ie
We have cos sin
-
and
Sc
Sc
.
Sc
cos*8+sin'6 = 1 gives
r
r
ee
ee
ee
(
ar
ar
ar
x-6x+9+y-4y +4 25
+-
C
C
6x-4y-12=0
e
ce
ce
nc
en
en
ie
ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
4. Measures of Dispersion
C
Important Formulae & Shortcuts Methods
deviate from mean is called dispersion:
The extent of scatter in Observation which
Range and its coefficient: dispersion depending upon two extreme
The range is the simplest of all the measures of
e
e
largest and the smallest observation of
observations. It is defined as the difference between the
nc
nc
nc
the distribution.
observation i.e. Range = L-S
ie
ie
ie
Thus, Range = Largest observation- Smallest
In case of the grouped frequency distribution,
range is the difference between the upper limit of
Sc
Sc
Sc
class.
the highest class and the lower limit of the lowest
The coefficient of Range is defined as
r
r
ee
ee
ee
L-S
Coefficient of Range
ar
ar
ar
C
C
Arithmetic Mean (AM)
) Individual Series F
=
**2*
(i) Discrete Series
_Jt S22 t.
e
e
t/t..
i, where N = 2s
nc
nc
nc
.7TJn
ie
ie
ie
Variance and standard deviation:
Sc
Sc
Sc
The measure of dispersion based on the squared deviations is known as variance
and is denoted
by o (read as sigma square). It is defined as the mean of squared deviations from mean.
r
r
Therefore the variance of n observations x, X3. N3, ..N, is given by
of -x}.
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
From the definition of variance, we find that the units of measurement of observations and mean
() are different from unit of variance. For this reason, the proper measure of dispersion
about
C
C
the mean of a set of observations is expressed as a positive square rot of the variance and
is
called standard deviation. Therefore, the standard deviation, usually denoted by a is given by
O tvariance +,
e
ce
ce
nc
Computational formula for variance and standard deviation for raw data.
en
en
o
ie
Variance
-F
ci
ci
-
Sc
rS
rS
Standard deviation = G=
ee
ee
ee
Variance and Standard Deviation for ungrouped frequency distribution.

ar
ar
ar
Let the variable X takes the values xi, X2, ..., X with frequencies fi, f2, ., fa respectively.
C
We define2f=N=Total frequency and R=

ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Measures of Disperslon (39)
C
Variance=o= iel
Standard Deviation = g=
variance
Combined Variance and
Standard Deviation:
e
e
Combined variance of two groups
nc
nc
nc
is nothing but the variance
groups taken together. Let us of the observations of the two0
consider two groups consisting of
respectively. ni and n2 observations
ie
ie
ie
Suppose the means of two groups
Sc
Sc
Sc
are X and K2 and the variances are
Then combined mean of both groups of and o respectively
is given by,
r
r
ee
ee
ee
The combined variance of the two
ar
ar
ar
groups is given by the formula
-G di)+n,loj+d})
C
C
where d KI-, d2 2 -
Coefficient of variation:
A distribution with smaller CV is
said to be more homogenous or uniform
e
e
distribution with greater CV is said than the other and thee
to be more heterogeneous than
nc
nc
nc
the other.
Coefficient of variation SD_
X100 x100
ie
ie
ie
|Mean |
Sc
Sc
Sc
r
r
ee
ee
ee
This topic has been included in the CET syllabus
for the first time for CET 2021. Find
questions below. sample
ar
ar
ar
C
C
1. For a frequency distribution, standard
deviation is computed by
(A)o 2(x-R) (B) d

V2(x+T)?
2f
r(x
(D)
e
ce
ce
nc
en
en
2. The variance of the data 2,4,6, 8, 10 is

ie
(A)6
ci
ci
(B)7
Sc
(C)8 D) None of these

rS
rS
3. Ifthe standard deviation of 0, 1,2,3, ... 9 is k, then the standard deviation of 10, 11, 12,
13..19 is
ee
ee
ee
(A)K (B)K+10 ()K+V10 D) 10K

ar
ar
ar
4. The variance of a, B and y is 9, then the variance of 5a, 5ß and 5y is

C
(A)45 (B) (D) 225

ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
containing 3
variance 18 and the second set
mean 8 and
five numbers has set of numbers 1
C
5. One set containing Then the variance of the combined
numbers has mean 8 and
variance 24.
(C)18 D) None of these
(A)42 (B) 20.25
16 respectively, then
what is the standard
variation are 48 and
6. the mean and coefficient of
If
deviation? (D)8.25
(B) 33.33 C)0.03
e
e
(A)7.68
nc
nc
nc
is always
7. The value of standard deviation (B) between 0 and
1
ie
ie
ie
(A) positive
(C) between -I and
1 D) less than cocfficient
Sc
Sc
Sc
deviation is 19.76. The
marks mean is 35.16 and its standard
8. For a given distribution of
r
r
of variation is
19.76
ee
ee
ee
35.16
(A)9.16
() 35.16
ar
ar
ar
35.1100 (D) 10
C
C
35.1
19.76
deviations are
60% and 75% and their standard
9. If the coefficient of variation of two distributions are
18 and 15 respectively. Then their
arithmetic means are
(B) 30 and 50
(A) 30 and 20
(C)60 and 20
(D)20 and 40
e
e
are 1, 2, and
10. The means of 5 observations is and
4 their variance is 5.2. If three of these observations
nc
nc
nc
6 then the other two are
(B) 3 and 8
ie
ie
ie
(A)2 and 99
(D)5 and 6
Sc
Sc
(C)4 and 7 Sc
r
r
SOLUTIONS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
1. C)
C
C
2. (C)
Here n= 5
4
6 varx) 2-(T?
e
ce
ce
4
nc
100
20-(
en
en
Ex30| Ex =220
ie
ci
ci
= 44 36
Sc
rS
rS
var(x) 8
ee
ee
ee
3. (A)
As the standard deviation only depend upon total number of values and the difference between mean
ar
ar
ar
and each value. Both sequence have same standard deviation.

Note: If 1 sequence is x; and 2" sequence is yi,
C
i10+x= y =
10+
So, -yi =x-Xi
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
Measures of Dispersion
(2
4. D)
-(
Variance
For ca, B,y we get -a+p+2

e
e
=a (say)
nc
nc
nc
3
d++7 =b (say)
ie
ie
ie
For a, B,7we write 9 = a-b
Sc
Sc
Sc
For Sa, sB, 5y, T = 2*p+1 = 5b
r
r
3
ee
ee
ee
+
i(Sa)+(5B)+(5)225 +?)_.
ar
ar
ar
3 3
Hence revised value of variance will be
C
C
25a-(5b) =25a- 25b = 25(a b) -
25(9)= 225
5. (B)
Let n5, n2 =3, X1 =8, X2 = 8,
e
e
6-18,6-24
nc
nc
nc
1X]*n2X2
ie
ie
ie
Combined mean (x,) =
ntn2
Sc
Sc
SX8+3x8
Sc
5+3
r
r
40+24-4
ee
ee
ee
=
8
88
ar
ar
ar
- Xc
Now, dj= X1 =
8-8 0
C
C
d X2-X =8-8 =0
*di)*n;(6+di
Combined variance (6)
n +n2
-
S(18+0)+3(24+0)
5+3
e
ce
ce
90+72 162
nc
-
en
en
8 8
ie
20.25
ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
6. (A)
48, c.v. = 16
ee
ee
ee
C.v. 100x
ar
ar
ar
16 100x =_16x48-192=7.68
25
C
48 100
7. (A)
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
42) MHT-CET Exam Questlons
ar
ar
ar
8. (D)
C
35.16, G= 19.76
19.76
c.v. 100x = 100x
35.16
9. (A)
15, c.v.1 = 60, c.V2 75
e
e
o1 18, o,=
nc
nc
nc
c.v.= 100x C.v.100x2
X2
ie
ie
ie
15
Sc
Sc
Sc
60 100x 75 = 100x
r
r
2 100x
ee
ee
ee
100x 60
ar
ar
ar
x30 x2 20
C
C
10. (C)
n=5, =4,o=5.2, 1,x2 = 2, x3 =6
xj =
let the remaining two observations be x4 and xs.
e
e
n
nc
nc
nc
2x nx = 5x4=20
ie
ie
ie
vart) (*
Sc
Sc
Sc
(4
r
r
5.2-
ee
ee
ee
26 2xf-80
ar
ar
ar
2 26+80 106
C
C
Now, 2x =1 +2 +6+x4 +Xs
20 9+x4 + Xs
x4t xs 11
xs11 -x4 .(1)
xg +xg
2f =1*2*+6'+
e
ce
ce
106 1+4+36 +x+(11-xu)* ..from (1)

nc
en
en
x+x-22x4 +121+41 106

ie
2x-22x4 +162-106 =0
ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
2x22x4+56 =0
x-11x+28 =0
ee
ee
ee
. X47
) a-4)=0
ar
ar
ar
or Ka=4
C
From (1), we get

xs4 or xs=7
The two numbers are 4 and7
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
5. Probability
Probability: event to the
number of favourable outcomes for the occurrence of a particular
e
e
It is the ratio of
a random experiment.
total number of distinct possible outcomes of
nc
nc
nc
n (E) number of favourable cases
ie
ie
ie
PE)n (S) total number of cases
Sc
Sc
Sc
Random Experiment:
r
r
A random experiment is an action in which
ee
ee
ee
in advance.
(i) All the possible results of the action are known
(11) The exact result is not known.
ar
ar
ar
C
C
Outcome:
The result of random experiment is called as outcome of the experiment.
Equally likely outcomes

The outcomes of a random experiment are said to be equally
likely if none of them are expected
to occur in preference to other
e
e
nc
nc
nc
Samplespace: space, which is
The set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment is called as sample
ie
ie
ie
denoted by S or 2. Each element of sample space is called sample point.
Sc
Sc
Sc
Event a
is an event. Event is always
Any occurrence of favourable outcomes from the given sample
r
r
ee
ee
ee
subset of the sample space.
ar
ar
ar
Simple or Elementary Events
An event consisting of a single point of sample space S is called simple or elementary event.
C
C
.Sure event
space S is called as sure event.
An event which contains all the sample points of the sample
Impossible event:
space S is called as impossible
An event which does not contain any sample point of the sample
e
ce
ce
event. Null set () represents an impossible event.

nc
likely, if none of them is

Equally likely Events: The given events are said to be equally
en
en
expected to occur in preference to the other.

ie
ci
ci
Sc
Complementary event:
rS
rS
the elements of sample space S but

The complement of the event A is the set which contains all
not of A. It is denoted by A' orA* or A.
ee
ee
ee
Union of two events:

ar
ar
ar
least one
Union of events A and B defined on sample space S is defined as occurrence of at
C
event, i.e., either A occurs or B occurs or both the events occur. It is denoted by A uB.
AUB= {x/xe A or x e B or both}
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
Exhaustive Events: exhaustive if A U B =S
the sample space S are said to be
Two events A and B defined on
Intersection of two events: space S is defined as simultaneous occurTence

off
Intersection of A and B defined on sample
both the events. It is denoted by AnB.
e
e
{x/xe A and x e B}
nc
nc
nc
AnB=
ie
ie
ie
Mutually Exclusive Events: exclusive if they cannot
sample space are said to be mutually
Sc
Sc
Sc
Two events A and B defined on a disjoint sets.
single trial. i.e. AOB=¢ i.c. A and B are
OcCur simultaneously in a
space S are mutually exclusive and
exhaustive,
B defined on the sample
two events A and
r
r
If
ee
ee
ee
events,
then they are said to be complementary cvents.
= o then A and B are complementary
i.e. If A UB = S and AnB .,
ar
ar
ar
. events, then
a set of events E, Ez, E, are mutually exclusive
If
C
C
P(EEnE,.
then P(E UE, UE;U.. ...UE) = P(E,)+P(E,)+..+P(E,)
Exhaustive if the performance of the
. Exhaustive Events : A set of events is said to be
experiment results in the occurrence of at least one of them.
e
e
.., E, are exhaustive events, then
nc
nc
nc
Ifa set of Events E, E2,
11
=
P(E UE2UE3.. UE,)
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Concept of probability
1) to
Sc
the events defined on a sample space S is
Assignment of real numbers (between 0 and
known as the probability assignment.
r
r
ee
ee
ee
Some Elementary Properties of Probability
ar
ar
ar
1. IfA' is the complement of A, then P(A)= l -P(A)
2. For any event A in S, we have 0 S P(A)S1
C
C
3. Ifois null set (i.e. impossible event), then P(¢) = 0
4. IfASB, then P(A) S P(B)
-
5. fA and B are any two events, then P(A nB)= P(A) P(A nB)
6. IfA and B are any two events, then P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A nB)
-
7. In general, if event A = As UA2 U A3,

.... UAm, Where A1, A2, A3, ... Am are mutually
e
ce
ce
exclusive events in S, then

nc
P(AUA2U... UA)=P(A1) +P(A2) + .... +P(Am)

en
en
ie
Addition theorem (2 events)

ci
ci
Sc
any two events defined on the sample space S. Then the probability of
Let A and B be
rS
rS
occurrence of atleast one event is denoted by P(A U B) and is given by

P(AUB)=P(A) + P(B)- P(A nB)
ee
ee
ee
If two events A and B are mutually exclusive, then P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B)
ar
ar
ar
IfA and A' are complementary events, then P(A) + P(A) = 1

C
Conditional Probabilíty
Let S be a sample space associated with the given random experiment.
Let A andB be any two events defined on
the sample space s.
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Probablty (45)
C
Then the probability of occurrence of event A under the condition that event B has already
occurred and P(B) * 0 is called the conditional probability
of event A given B and is denoted by
P(A/B).
It is denoted by P
PE,E
e
e
nc
nc
nc
i.e., E, 0
PE)
ie
ie
ie
Multiplication theorem
Sc
Sc
Sc
Let S be a sample space associated with the
given random experiment. Let A and B be any two
events defined on the sample space S. Then
the probability of occurrence of both the eventsis
denoted by P(A nB) and is given by
r
r
ee
ee
ee
P(AnB) P(A) P(B/ A) = P(B).P(A/B)
ar
ar
ar
Independent Events
Let S be a sample space associated with
C
C
the given random experiment. Let A and B be any two
events defined on the sample space S.
If the occurrence of any one event does not depend on
Occurrence or non-occurrence of other event,
then two events A and B are said to be
independent.
i.e. if PA/B) = P(A/B) = P(A)
or
P(BI A)=P(BI A) = P(B)
e
e
:. P(AnB) =P(A) P(B)
nc
nc
nc
then A and B are independent events.
If a set of events E,E2, . E, are independent events, then
ie
ie
ie
P(E,E2nE,.. ..E)
Sc
Sc
= P(E).P(E2).
P(E.) Sc
Theorem:
If A and B are independent events, then
r
r
ee
ee
ee
(a) A and B' are also independent and (b) A' and B' are also independent
ar
ar
ar
Baye's Theoremn
Let E1, E2, ..... En be the set of 'n' mutually exclusive and
C
C
exhaustive events. Let A be any
arbitrary event defined on the same sample space with, P(A) #0, then
Ei, when the event A has actually occurred is given
the probability of event
by P(E;/ A), where
P(E,/A)=P{ANE) P(E,)P(A/E,)
P(A)
2P(AnE)
1
e
ce
ce
nc
Important Results
en
en
1) If E, and E2 are arbitrary events, then

ie
PCE UE)= P(E,) + P(E,) P(E^nE)

ci
ci
-
Sc
1) If E,, E,, E are three events then

rS
rS
P(E UE UE) =
P(E)+P(E,)+P(E,)-P(E,nE,)-P(E,nE,) -P(E, nE,) + P(E, nE, nE,)
ee
ee
ee
ii) If E1, E2, Es are mutually exclusive events, then

P(EnEz)=P(E2n Es)= P(E^ nE,) = P(E1 nE2 E) = 0
ar
ar
ar
P(E;U Ezu Es) = P(E) +P(E,) + P(E:)

v) If Ej and E2 be two events associated to a random experiment, then
C
(a) Probability of occurance of E2 only is

P(EnEa)=P(E2)-P(E, nE)
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
46) MHT-CET Exam Questions
C
(b) Probability of occurance ofE; only 1s
P(EE)= P(E,) -P(E; nE;)
one of two events Ej and E;
1s
(C) Probability of occurance of exactly
P(E,)+PE)-2P(E, nE;) = P(E UE;)-P(E; E)
=
PE, E)UP(E, nE)]
v) IfE; and Ez are independent events, then
e
e
E) md P(E)
nc
nc
nc
P(E, )P(E;)
ie
ie
ie
=
PEE)
P(E E)=i-P(E,) P(E)
Sc
Sc
Sc
Important Results exclusive
experiments, while mutually
Independent events are always taken from different
r
r
ee
ee
ee
events are taken from a single experiment happen
exclusive events cannot
Independent events can happen together while mutually
ar
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ar
together.
events are
C
C
Independent events are connected by the word "and" but
mutually exclusive
connected by the word "or".
a coin n times)=
Number of exhaustive cases of tossing n coins simultaneously (or of tossing
2".
one dice n times) =
Number of exhaustive cases of throwing n dice simultaneously (or throwing
6
e
e
that event is
If odds in favour of an event are a: b, then the probability of the occurrence of
nc
nc
nc
the probability of non-occurrence of that event is
and
ie
ie
ie
a+b ab
odds against an event are a: b, then the probability of the occurrence of that event is
Sc
Sc
If Sc
and the probability of non-occurrence of that cvent is
a+b
r
r
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Multiple Choice Question
C
C
MHT-CET 2018
1. Letters in the word HULULULU are rearanged. The probability of all three L being together is
3
(A)20 ()
e
ce
ce
MHT-CET 2019
nc
en
en
2. A bag eontains 6 white and 4 black balls. Two balls are drawn at random. The probability that
ie
they are of the same colour is

ci
ci
Sc
() (D)
rS
rS
(A)
ee
ee
ee
3. The probability that three cards drawn from a pack of 52 cards, are all red is
ar
ar
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(B) (D)17
(A)7
C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Probablty (47)
C
4. If P(A)= P(B)=£ and P(AnB)=then P (A'
nB)=
20
(A)20 (B) 13
20 (C) (D)
e
e
5. Five persons are chosen at random from
a group containing 4 men, 2 women and 4 children.
nc
nc
nc
The chance that exactly two of them will be
children is
()
ie
ie
ie
()21 (C)2 (2 8
Sc
Sc
Sc
6. If A and B are two events defined on a sample space
S such that
r
r
P(AOB)= P(AUB)=
ee
ee
ee
P(B)- then P (A)
ar
ar
ar
9
(A)2 (B) ) ()
C
C
MHT-CET 2020
Two cards are drawn from a pack of well shuffled 52 playing
cards one by one without replacement.
Then the probability that both cards are queens
is
(A)3
)220
e
e
(6) 221 (C) 1 )
nc
nc
nc
220
ie
ie
ie
8. A problem in statistics is given to three students P, Q and R.
Their chances of solving the
Sc
Sc
problem are
Sc
respectively. If all of them try independently, then the probability that the
problem is solved, is
r
r
ee
ee
ee
(A); (B)
ar
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,
C
C
9. IfA and B are two independent events and P(A) = P(B) = then P(A'nB) =
B)5
10. If A and B are independent events such that odds in favour of A is 2 3 and odds against Bis
e
ce
ce
4:5, then P (AnB)=

nc
en
en
(A) ) (C) (D)

ie
ci
ci
Sc
11. An un contains 4 red and 5 white balls. Two balls are drawn one after the other without
rS
rS
replacement, then the probability that both the balls are red is
ee
ee
ee
(A) (D)
ar
ar
ar
C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
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S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
= 0.8
12. If P(A) =0.6, P(B) and P(B/A) =0.3, then P(A/B) =
(A)20 (B) (C)20 (D) 20
13. Two dice are thrown together. The probability that sum
of the numbers is divisible by 2 or 3 is
e
e
(A) (C)
(B)
nc
nc
nc
,
ie
ie
ie
P(B) = then P(A' n B) =
14. If A and B are independent events and P(A)
=
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Sc
Sc
3 (D)
(A)2 (C)5
r
r
()
ee
ee
ee
a sum at least 5 is
of three dice, the probability of getting
ar
ar
ar
15. In a single throw
D)4
C
C
(A)
54 B)4
is
16. If a fair coin is tossed 8 times, then the
probability that it shows head more than tails
(B)
97
C) (D)
(A) 256 256
256
e
e
arranged at random. The probability that
nc
nc
nc
17. The letters of the word 'LOGARITHM' are
is
arrangements starts with vowel and end with consonant
ie
ie
ie
(D)
Sc
Sc
(A) 8 8)91
Sc
r
r
of drawing a king from a pack of 52 playing cards
is
18. The odds in favour
ee
ee
ee
C)4:1 (D)12:1
(A)1:4 (B)1: 12
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ar
person is selected at
19. Suppose that 5% of men and 0.25% of women have gray hair. A gray hair
C
C
then the probability that the person
random. If there are equal number of males and females,
selected being men is
10
(A)21 () 21
D)21
e
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ce
nc
SOLUTIOONS
en
en
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1. (C)
ci
ci
Sc
HULULULU » contains 4U, 3L, IH

rS
rS
Consider 3L together i.e. we have to arrange 6 units which contains 4U.

6!
Hence number of possible arrangements== 6x5 = 30
ee
ee
ee
Number of ways of arranging all letters of given word

ar
ar
ar
8!
8x7x6X =8x7x5
C
3I4!3x2 30
Hence required probability =
8x7x5 8x7 28
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
Probablity (49)
2. (B)
Out of 10 balls 2 balls can be selected in "C2 ways
i.e. n(S)= "°c, = 10x9
= 45
2!8! 2x1
Let X Two balls of the same colour are drawn.
e
e
Let A be the event that two balls are of the white
nc
nc
nc
colour.
n(A)=°cxC x6X515
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ie
ie
2!x4! 2x1
Sc
Sc
Sc
P(A)=
5
r
r
Let B be the event that two balls are
ee
ee
ee
of black colour.
n(B)=Cc = 1x
6
ar
ar
ar
P(B) =B)6
C
C
2
n(S) 4515
Hence P(A)+P(B) =+
3. (B)
e
e
Three cards can be drawn out of 52 cards
nc
nc
nc
in
$2C 252x51x50 52x17x25 waysn (S) = 52x 17x
ie
ie
ie
3149! 3x2x1 25
Let A s the event that three are red cards.
Sc
Sc
There are 26 red cards and 3 cards can be drawn

Sc
from these 26 red cards in
26C3123
26 26x25x24
ways =26*25x24
r
r
n(A)
ee
ee
ee
3x2x1 3x2x1
P(A) ="A26x25x24
ar
ar
ar
-X
n(S) 3x2x1 s2x17x25 17
C
C
4. (C)
P (AUB)=p (A) + P (B) - P (AnB)
Now P (A'oB) =P(A U BY = 1

-P(A UB) =
1-.
e
ce
ce
nc
5. (A)
en
en
ie
We have 4 men+2 women+4 children = 10 persons

ci
ci
Out of 10 people, any 5 can be selected in "Cs ways.

Sc
.
rS
rS
n(S)=""Cs ways.
= =0XX8X7X6 _
n(S) =C
ee
ee
ee
5!5! 5x 4x3x2x1
When there are exactly 2 children in the group, we can select in following ways.
ar
ar
ar
6=6x20
C
2! x2 3! x3!
Hence required probability= OX2010
36x7 21
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
6. (A)
C
P(B)=1 - P (B) - 1
Now, P (A UB) = P (A) +P (B) - P (AnB)
P(A)-P(A)=
e
e
nc
nc
nc
7. (B) queen cards are 4
52 cards without replacement. Total
Two cards are drawn from a pack of
ie
ie
ie
3
queen card 4
P(2 queen card)
and
Sc
Sc
Sc
P(
probability . 4x3
r
r
Required 221
ee
ee
ee
52x51
ar
ar
ar
8. (B)
P (Problem will be solved)
C
C
=1-P (Problem will not be solved by P, Q & R)
e
e
nc
nc
nc
9. (D)
--
ie
ie
ie
P(A)=,5 P(B) =and A, B are independent events.
Sc
Sc
Sc
P(An B) =P(A) x P(B)
r
r
ee
ee
ee
P(A UB) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A OB)
ar
ar
ar
13
15
C
C
P(AUBY-1-
P(A' nB)-P(A U BY
e
ce
ce
10.(A)
nc
3 4
Given P(A) = P(A)=and P(B)= P(B)=
en
en
ie
Since A and B are independent events,

ci
ci
Sc
. =x
rS
rS
P(AnB) =P(A) PB)

ee
ee
ee
11. (D)
Red balls=4 and White balls =5 Total balls = 4+5 = 9
ar
ar
ar
Two balls are drawn one after the other without replacement
C
n(S)- "Cx°C, =9x8

-
Required probability =GxG
9x8
4x31
9x8 3x2
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Probabillty (51)
C
12. (A)
Given P(A) =0.6 » P(A)= 1-0.6 0.4, P(B) = 0.8, P(B/A) = 0.3
We know that P(B/A) =AnD and P(A/B)= PANB)2
P(A) P(B)
Here P(A nB) =
e
e
= P(A)
PB/A) = (0.4) (0.3) 0.12
Also P(ANB) = P(A/B) P(B)
nc
nc
nc
PCAVB) -
ie
ie
ie
0.8 20
Sc
Sc
Sc
13. (D)
r
r
Two dice are thrown together. Then sum of 2, 3, 4, 6, 8,9, 10, 12 is obtained in following ways.
ee
ee
ee
Let A = {(2, 2), (1, 2). (1, 1), (1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 1), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3,3), 3, 5), (3, 6),
4,5), (4, 2). (4, 4), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4) (6, 6)}
ar
ar
ar
Thus n(A) = 24 and n(S) = 6 x 6 36
C
C
P(A) =n(A)
n(S)
14. (D)
-P(A)
e
e
P(A) P(A) = 1 =
1-
nc
nc
nc
=
P(A'nB) P(A) P(B)
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
r
r
15. (D)
ee
ee
ee
Here n(S) =6x6x6 =216
=
ar
ar
ar
Sum less than 5 {(1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 2), (1, 2, 1), (2, 1, 1)}
C
C
Here P(sum less than 5)
. P(at least5) = P¢ 5) =1-P(< 5)
e
ce
ce
nc
16. (D)
en
en
ie
Given n=8. Here p:

ci
ci
Sc
Px 4) = P(x =5) +P(x = 6)+ P(x = 7)+ P{x= 8)

rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
17. (C) consonants.
3 vowels and 6
The word LOGARITHM contains ways and the end consonant could be
be chosen from 3 vowels in 3 distinct
Starting vowel can can be permuted amono
in 6 distinet ways and the rest of 7 lctters
chosen from 6 consonants
themselves in 7! ways. 71
e
e
could be done are 3x6x
Sototal number of ways this arrangement 6x71
nc
nc
nc
with consonant-2*0X,
could start with vowel and end
So, the probability that words
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
18. (B)
r
r
ee
ee
ee
Probability of drawing a king
13
ar
ar
ar
2
Probability of NOT drawing a king
=
*13
C
C
= 1:12.
Hence odds is favour of drawing a king
19.(C) is male = P(M/G)

at eandom, the probability that this person
A grey haired person is selected
Here M is men, \W is women, G is grey hair.
e
e
P(M)xP(G/M)
nc
nc
nc
POMG) P(M)xP(G/M)+ P(W)xP(G / W)
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
20
Sc
100
r
r
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
e
ce
ce
nc
en
en
ie
ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
6. Complex Numbers
A number of the forma + ib, where a, b e R andi= V-1 Ís called a complex number and it
is denoted by z.
e
e
A complex number whose real part is zero is called purely imaginary number
nc
nc
nc
A number of the form ki, where k * 0, k e R and i= v-1 is called 'imaginary number': eg.
ie
ie
ie
-2i, 3 i, v-7, etc.
Sc
Sc
Sc
The imaginary number i satisfies following properties:
i) ix0=0,
r
r
ee
ee
ee
a
(i) If e R, then v-a2 = via2 =t ia
(iii) If a, be R and ai = bi, then a = b.
ar
ar
ar
Higher powers of i
C
C
f--1, f =) )=-if=*=(-12=1.
Conjugate of a complex number:
Conjugate of a complex number z=a +ib is defined as a - ib and it is denoted byz.
Examples:() Ifz=2+3i, then =2-3i
(ii) If z= 2-Si then ž =2+5i
e
e
(ii) If z=-4+7i than z = -4- 7i
nc
nc
nc
Modulus and Argu ent of a Complex Number
ie
ie
ie
is a complex number, then modulus of z is defined as va? + b and it is denoted by la
Sc
Sc
Ifza+ib Sc
, os e < 2t.
Ifz 0, then the argument (amplitude) 0 of z is defined by 0 = tan It is
r
r
ee
ee
ee
denoted by arg z or amp z.
ar
ar
ar
Algebra of complex numbers:
C
C
Properties of addition:
If Z1, Z2 and zs are complex numbers, then
i) z1 +z2 is always a complex number (closure law)
(11)
z+z2 Z2+Z1 (commutative law)
(ii)zi +(z2 +2)= (z1 +Za) + z3 (associative law)
(iv)z+ Z =2 Re (2)
e
ce
ce
nc
Multiplícation of two complex numbers:

en
en
Properties of multiplication:
ie
If z1, 2 and z3 are any complex numbers, then

ci
ci
Sc
( product z1z2 is also a complex number (closure law)

rS
rS
(ii) z1z2= Z2Z1 (commutative law)

1ii)(z1 .Z2)z3 Z1(z2 Z3) (associative law)
ee
ee
ee
(iv(z1. 1) =(1.z1) =Z1

(V) Z1 Z is purely real number.
ar
ar
ar
(vi) The distributive law:

z
C
(a) zi (22 + Za) Z2 +z1 Z3

(6) (Z1 +Z2)z3 Z1z3+ Z2
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
(54) MHT-CET Exam Quostlons
ar
ar
ar
Theorem:
C
The sum and product of a complex number and its conjugate is a real number.
1.e. conjugate of product is same as product of conjugates.
Properties of Conjugate: If z1, z2, Zy are complex numbers, then

() =z
e
e
ii) z+ Z 2Re (z)
nc
nc
nc
(i) z-z 2i Im (z
ie
ie
ie
Civ) z. z [Re (z)]
= + [Im (z)]*
is purely real. Hence z =Z = 0)
Sc
Sc
Sc
(V) zZz
(vi) z-Z»2 is purely imaginary. Here z+Z=0
(vii) 2 +22 =Z +Z2
r
r
ee
ee
ee
(vii) z -z =7-72
ar
ar
ar
(ix) z22 =7:2
C
C
) 0
Properties of modulus of complex numbers:
If z1, Z2, Z3 are complex numbers, then
(t) z=0z =0 i.e. Re (2) = Im (z) = 0
e
e
(i) zl= -2
nc
nc
nc
Cii) -zis Re (z) S |z; -zS Im (z) s |z|
ie
ie
ie
iv) zzF
Sc
Sc
(v) z1 Z2l= |z1l|z2l Sc

r
r
ee
ee
ee
(v1) z1 * zalf' = 2if + |z2"+2Re(z72)
ar
ar
ar
(vii) jz-zaf = |zr + |za-2Re(7)
C
C
(ix) z
+zaf + |z1 - z
= 2(1z1+ |2
)laz- bzal" + |bz1 + aza= (af +b) (zi| + |zel), where a, be R
Polar representation of a complex number:

Let the point P represent the non-zero complex numnber z = x +
e
ce
ce
iy. Let the directed line segment OP be of length r and 8 be the

nc
P{x, y)
angle which OP makes with the positive direction of X-axis. r=lz
en
en
ie
(Refer figure).
ci
ci
Point P can be uniquely determined by the ordered pair of real x' X

Sc
rS
rS
numbers (, 0), called the polar co-ordinates of point P.

ee
ee
ee
We consider the origin as the pole and the positive direction of X-axis as the initial line.
We have x=r
cos 8, y=r sin 6 and therefore, z=r(cos 6 +i sin ). This is said to be the polar
ar
ar
ar
form of the complex number,

ryx +y* = lel is the modulus of z and 0 is argument (or amplitude) of
C
Here,
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
Complex Numbers (55)
Square Root of Complex Numbers:
Let z a + ib and w=x+iy be two complex numbers such that w is square root z.
of
Thus x + iy= va+ib (x+ iy)' =a+ib
.-y) +(2xy)i = a+ib
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get, x*- y*=a and 2xy = b.
e
e
nc
nc
nc
Solving these equations, we get square root of z.
ie
ie
ie
De moivre's Theorem:
.
Sc
Sc
Sc
() Ifn e Z (set of integers), then (cos 0 +i sin 8)" cos n + i sin n
(i) Ifn e Q (set of rational numbers), then (cos 0+i sin 8)" = cos n6 +i sin n6.
(ii) (cos 0+i sin 0)"= cos (-n) 0 +i sin (-n)8 = cos ne- i sin n8.
r
r
ee
ee
ee
(iv) (cos 0-i sin 8)"= [cos (-6)
+i sin (-0)]".
cos (-n) +i sin (-n8) = cos n6-i
ar
ar
ar
sin n6
(v) (cos +i sin 8) = cos
= .
C
C
- i sin
(cos 6+i sin 8)*
(vi) (cos 6-i sin 8)"= cos ne +i sin n6.
Note The theorem is also true for n being fraction
Fundamental Theorem of Algebra:

e
e
This theorem states that "A polynomial equation has at least one roof".
nc
nc
nc
As a consequence of this theorem the following important result is arrived at
ie
ie
ie
A polynomial equation of degree n has n roots.
Sc
Sc
Sc
Cube roots of unity: Number 1 is often called unity.
r
r
ee
ee
ee
Three cube roots of unity are 1,+3i-1-y
ar
ar
ar
2 2
The first one is a real number and the other two are complex numbers. These complex numbers
C
C
are conjugates of each other.
Let us call these two complex roots as a and ß respectively.
Thus,a and
B
=
Note: =B and ß da
w.
e
ce
ce
Let us consider o=w (omega), then B =

nc
Thus, we can say that the three cube root of unity are 1, o, w', where o = ¥S+51
en
en
2
ie
o= J
ci
ci
(or we can say that

Sc
rS
rS
Important Results:
ee
ee
ee
i) 1+0 +0 =0
Proof: o is a complex cube root of o=1 1
i.e. w -
1
=0
. (w- 1) (o + 0+ 1) = 0
ar
ar
ar
but oe R » 0+ 0+1 =0. Hence proved.

C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
3 (proof: and
i) o=l=o'-
Cii)Higher powers ofo
(a) w= w.w = o (b) o -o.- (c)o-(j-1
e
e
For n e N
wn=
nc
nc
nc
(c)
(a) o" = 1 (b) w'= 0
ie
ie
ie
Argument of Z in different quadrantsIAxes
Sc
Sc
Sc
arg 7
Quadrant/ tan From Example
r
r
Example
ee
ee
ee
za+ib Axis
0S0<2)_
ar
ar
ar
On positive real 0 0
a>0,b 0 =3 6 0
C
C
(Xaxis
0-tan
- tan
In quadrant I
a>0,b>0 2=1+i
On positive
e
e
a imaginary (Y)
nc
nc
nc
0,b>0 Z 5i
axis
ie
ie
ie
tan+ tan T
Sc
Sc
a<0,b>0 In quadrant II
Sc
T7 5
r
r
ee
ee
ee
a<0,b=0| z=-6 On negative real
(X) axis
ar
ar
ar
= tan|+7 =tan
C
C
a<0,b<0 z= -1-v3In quadrant III
<B<
On negative
a=0, b<0 z--2i imaginary (Y) 0-2
e
ce
ce
axis
-tan 2
nc
=tan2
en
en
In quadrant IV
ie
a>0,b<0|z=1-i|
ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
Exponential form:
It is known and can be proved using special series that e"= cos 6 +i sin 8
ee
ee
ee
z=a+ ib = r (cos +i sin 8) =re"

ar
ar
ar
where r= |z| and 6= arg z is called an exponential form of complex number.

C
Set of points in complex plane

+ iy1, represents the fixed point A
Ifz =x+ iy represents the variable point P (x, y) and z1 = X1
(X1, y1) then
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
Complex Numbers (57
ar
ar
ar
C
C
(1) 2 Z1 represents the length ofAP
P.)
2-= AP
A (1, Y1)
e
e
Fig. 1
nc
nc
nc
(2) lz zl= a, represents the circlc with centre A
X1Y1) and radius a.
ie
ie
ie
P,)- P)
Sc
Sc
Sc
r
r
ee
ee
ee
7-7,0
Fig. 2
ar
ar
ar
3) 2-Zl= z-
Zal, represents the perpendicular
C
C
bisector of the line joining the points A and B.
B (z)
A(z)
12-4 BP
Z-21 AP M)
e
e
nc
nc
nc
ie
ie
ie
Flg. 3
Sc
Sc
Sc
r
r
ee
ee
ee
This topic has been included in the CET syllabus for the first time for CET 2021. Find sample
questions below.
ar
ar
ar
1. (16 is equal to
C
C
(A) #2, t2i (B) t 2 (1+i) ()+2(1+i) D)None of these
23 equal to
(C)1 (D)-1
e
ce
ce
nc
en
en
3. Ifx =a+b, y= aw+ bw", z= aw +bo, then xyz is equal to

ie
(A)a-b (B)o(a -b) (C(a-b) (D)None of these

ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
4 .If (x-iy)=a-ib, then+is equalto

ee
ee
ee
(A)-2(a+b) (B)4 (a+ 6) (C)4 (a-b) (D)4ab

ar
ar
ar
5. Let a and B be the roots ofthe equation x*+x+1=0. The equation whose roots are a",B is
C
(A)x-x-1 =0 (B)x*-x+1=0
C)x*+x-1 =0 (D)x+x +1=0
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
6. If w (1) is a cube root of unity and + o) A +Bo. Then A and B are respectively
C
(1 = tha
numbers
1
(A)0,1 (B)1,1 (C)1,0 (D)-1,
7. f the imaginary part of is zero, where a is a real number, then the value ofa is equal to
e
e
ai-1
nc
nc
nc
(B)2 C)- D)-2
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
8. If(a +ib) (c +id) (e + i) (g+ ih) = A + iB, then(a +b(¢+d°)(¢+fg +h*=
(A)A+B (B) A- B (C)A (D)B
r
r
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
9. (z+a)(Z+a), where a is real, is equivalent to
C
C
(B)2+a (D)None of these
(A)-a
10. Let z=3+4i and z=-1 +2i. Then |z +z2-2

A)-f (B)-- Cl+ D)-e
e
e
nc
nc
nc
ie
ie
ie
SOLUTIONS
Sc
Sc
Sc
1. (A)
r
r
x=(16)»x*=16
ee
ee
ee
g (x-2) (x +2) (x +2i) (x-2i)
ar
ar
ar
x=t2, + 2i.
C
C
2. (C)
| (3+i) 3
e
ce
ce
3. (D)
(a+b) (aw+ bw) (ao+ bu)
nc
en
en
(a+b) (a + bw) (ao + b)

ie
(a+b) (a+bo) (aw + bw)

ci
ci
Sc
(a+b) (a+bw) (a +bw)

=a+b'.
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
4.(A)
- (a-ib) =a'-3abi-3ab2+ib3
ar
ar
ar
x-iy
a(a?-3b)+ib(b-3a2)
C
a-3b +b-3a?
-2(a+b).
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Complex Numbere (59)
C
5. (D)
=
xX+1 (x- o) (x- w*)
Now 19
-
and B-() o"--p
e
e
So again noots are a and B.
nc
nc
nc
cquation is x +x+1=0.
ie
ie
ie
6. (B)
Sc
Sc
Sc
A+Bo (1+o)'=(-o')"
- (oy o- -o - 1
+0
r
r
A-1, B =1.
ee
ee
ee
7. (C)
ar
ar
ar
.2+i%ai+1)
C
C
Now, z
ai-1 (ai)-1
+ 1))
+i)(ai
Im2) (1+2a)
e
e
1+a
nc
nc
nc
But, imaginary part is zero.
So, 1+2a =0a- 1/2.
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
8. (A) Sc
(a+ib) (c+ id) (e +it) (g+ ih) = A + iB ..1)
a-ib) (c-id) (e-i) (g-ih)= A - iB ..(2)
r
r
ee
ee
ee
Multiplying (1) and (2), we get
a+b) (+d) (e +FG+h)=A?+B.
ar
ar
ar
9. (C)
C
C
As we know if a is real, then a = a
(+a)7+a) =(z+a)(7+)= (z+a)(z+a)=2+af.
10. (B)
Z1
+z22+6i
e
ce
ce
la+f =(4+36) =40,Jl +|2 = 25+5 =30

nc
en
en
a+zf-2(F +ea)=40-60--20
ie
ci
ci
Sc
-f= (16+4)-20
rS
rS
l*f-2f +af)--ka-f
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
7. Permutations and Combinations
C
Factorial Notation
than itsclf is
For any natural number n, the product of n with cach natural number less calledn
factorial' and is denoted as n! or In
e
e
.
Note: 0! is defined as 1.
nc
nc
nc
Properties of factorial notation
ie
ie
ie
For any positive integers m and n,
Sc
Sc
Sc
(i) n!=n (n 1)! -
(ii) When n> 1, n!=n (n- 1) (n-2)!
r
r
(ii) When n > 2, n! =n (n- 1) (n -2) (n-3)!
ee
ee
ee
(iv) (m +n)! is always divisible by m! as well as n!
ar
ar
ar
(v) (m xn)! #m! xn!
(vi) (m +n)! < m! +n!
C
C
(vii) When m >n, m! is always divisible by n!
(vii) (m *+n)! # m! n!
(ix) (m-n)! # m! -n!
Principle of Addition
Statement : If two mutually exclusive events 'A' and 'B' can occur in m and n ways respectively,
e
e
then the mumber of ways in which either of the two events can occur is m+n.
nc
nc
nc
third
Suppose there are 3 possible choices with no common outcome. The first, second and
made,
choices can be made in m, n and r ways respectively. If only one of the choices to be
is
ie
ie
ie
then it has (m +n +1) possible ways
Sc
Sc
Sc
Principle of Multiplication
Statement: If an event 'A' can occur in 'm' different ways and following it if another event 'B'
r
r
can occur in 'n' different ways, then the two operations can be performed in succession in mxn
ee
ee
ee
different ways.
ar
ar
ar
Suppose an experiment consists of three possible activities. The first, second and third activity
possible
has m, n and r possible outcomes respectively. Then the total number of diferent
C
C
outcomes of the experiment are (mxnx).
The result of counting objects in a set does not depend on the order in which these objects
aree
counted or on the method used for counting these objects.

Permutation
all a time.
A permutation is an arrangement in a definite order of a number of objects, taken some or
e
ce
ce
Permutations When all Objects are Distinct

nc
Theorem 1:The number of permutations of 'n' different objects taken 'r' at a time, when
en
en
repetition of objects is not allowed, is n(n- 1) (n-2).... (n-r+1) (where rs n)

ie
ci
ci
Sc
Properties of Permutation
rS
rS
)P. =n!
(i) "Po= 1
ee
ee
ee
iv) °P, = nx P-
ar
ar
ar
= (p)(n - 1)xPr-1)
C
= (n) (n - 1) (n-2)x P- and so on
=n-f+1
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Permutations and Combinations (61)
C
Theorem 2: The number of arrangements
repetitions are allowed, is same of n distinct objects, taken r at a
as the number time, wu
when repetitions are allowed. of ways of filling r places using n distinct
objec
Theorem 3: The number
specified objects of permutations of n distinct objects taken all at a time,
when m
e
e
among n always come together,
is (n-m+ 1)!
nc
nc
nc
Important Results:
ie
ie
ie
(a) The number of permutations
ofn distinct objects, taken r at a time, when a
Sc
Sc
Sc
is always included equals specitic object
(6) The number of permutations'P-i
of n distinct objects, taken r at a time,
is not included when a specific
equals'P object
r
r
ee
ee
ee
.Theorem: The number of permutations
ar
ar
ar
of'n' objects, of which 'p' objects are of one kind, q are
of the other kind and the rest, if any,
are of different kind is
C
C
Note that p, q<n and p+qsn plqt
Circular Permutations
Thus, the circular arrangements
or permutations are considered different only
order of the objects is distinct. when relative
e
e
Thus, the number of distinct circular
arrangements = (n- 1)!
nc
nc
nc
Remarks:
ie
ie
ie
If clockwise and anticlockwise permutations
Sc
Sc
ways of the distinct arrangements = -1)

Sc
cannot be distinguished, then the number of
r
r
Theorem: The number of ways in whichn objects, out which
ee
ee
ee
of p are alike can be arranged in
circular order is n-1)!
p
ar
ar
ar
Remarks : The number of circular permutations of n different objects
C
C
taken r at a time where
clockwise and anticlockwise arrangements are
(a) taken as different is b) not taken as different is
Combination
Definition: A selection of number of objects taking some or all of them at a time is called a
e
ce
ce
combination. The total number of combinations of n objects taking r objects

nc
(rsn) at a time is denoted by "C, or ,Cor C(n, r) or ()

en
en
ie
Theorem Total number of selections of n distinct objects taken r at a time is given by

ci
ci
:
Sc
nl
rS
rS
C(n-
: nl n
ee
ee
ee
Remark "C(n-o)
(n-Dl[n-(n-r)]!(n-r}iri
"C(-"C,, where (1 Sršn)
ar
ar
ar
Thus,
C
Properties of Combinations
1. "C="Cn- (e.g. 1°C = °C,)
2. IfPC, ="C, then either x = y or x =n-yie. n =x+y
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
3. PC+"C-='C, where Sršn
1
a collection of n distinct objects i
C
4. Number of ways of
selecting onc or more objects from
given by 2"- 1.
5. "C has maximum valuc if
when n is even (b) r= "or when n is odd
(a)r
"Co+"C; + "C% + .... = "C} + "C + "Cs +... - 2-)
e
e
6.
nc
nc
nc
C-2) and so on
7.
G-Cp-
ie
ie
ie
Important Results
Sc
Sc
Sc
Co"C,= 1, "Ci n
r
r
or x +y=n
ee
ee
ee
C "C, *y
n.C=(n-r+ 1). "C-1
ar
ar
ar
"Cn/2
Ifnis even, then the greatest value of "C is
"Cne1 or "Ca1
Ifn is odd, then the greatest value of "C, is
C
C
2
out of n different things is,

Number of selections of zero or more things
Co+"C1+ "C2+...... + "Cn-2".
e
e
C+C +C+C+. +20C"C+1
nc
nc
nc
1.
Number of combinations ofn dissimilar things taken all at a time is C nl(n-ni*0
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
r
r
ee
ee
ee
sample
This topic has been included in the CET syllabus for the first time for CET 2021. Find
ar
ar
ar
questions below.
C
C
L. A committee of4 is to selected from 4 Engineers, 6 Doctors and Lawyers. The
5 number of
ways in which there is at least one from each profession is
(A)720 (B)900 (C) 120 (D)699
2. Find the Number of arrangements of the letters of the word ALGEBRA without
altering
e
ce
ce
the position of the vowels and consonants.

nc
(A)71 (B)72 (C)24 (D)none of these

en
en
ie
3. How many integer between 200 and 700 consist of three distinct digits?
ci
ci
Sc
(A)350 (B)360 C)365 D)370

rS
rS
as
4. If the leners of the word SACHIN arranged in all possible ways and these words are written out
ee
ee
ee
in dictionary, then the word SACHIN appears at serial number

(A)603 (B) 602 (C) 601 (D)600
ar
ar
ar
5. The number of ways in which ten candidates A1, Az, Ajo can .
be ranked such that Ai 18
C
always above Ajo is

(A)5! (B)2(51) (C)101
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Pormutatione and Comblnatlone (03)
naniter of ways tur boys ean be seated around a rond-table in four chairs of differcnt colourn is
C
&Te
(AD24 (B) 12 (C) 23 (D)64
. In how muany ways 7 men and 7 women ean be sented around a round table Buch that no two
wwnen eun sit together
(AD7) (B) 71 x 61 (C) (612 (D)7
e
e
nc
nc
nc
&At an elertion, a voter nmay vote for any nunber of candidates, not grenter than the number to be
elctad There are 10 candidates and 4 are to bo clected. If a voter votes for ot least onc candidatc,
ie
ie
ie
then the number of ways in which he can vote is
Sc
Sc
Sc
(A) SO40 (B)6210 (C) 385 (D)1110
9. From 6 men and 4 wonmen a committee of 5 is to be fornmed. In how many ways can this be done
r
r
ee
ee
ee
so that the committee has at least one lady.
(A)252 (B)246 (C) 200 (D)None of these
ar
ar
ar
10. A box contains 5 Red 3 Yellow 4 green balls if 3 balls are drawn, the number
C
C
of ways of
drawing them so that all of sanme colour is
(A)16 (B) 15 (C)'C (D)None of these
SOLUTIONS
e
e
1. (A)
nc
nc
nc
No of ways -cC,$C +*C°C2'C+C,°C°C
ie
ie
ie
720
Sc
Sc
2 (B)
Sc
ALGEBRAA
r
r
ee
ee
ee
There are 3 vowels A, E, A and they may be arranged in 3ways.dlA
2!
ar
ar
ar
There are4 consonants: L, G, B, R and they may be arranged among themselves in
4! =24 ways.
C
C
The no. of arrangements is 3 x 24= 72
3. (B)
Smaller number with 3 different digits is 201
Last umber = 698
Now the digit we have 0, 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
e
ce
ce
1place can be filled in 5 ways (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

nc
2 place in 9 ways and 3 place in 8 ways.

.
en
en
Total umber of ways = 5.8.9=360

ie
ci
ci
(C)
Sc
rS
rS
Words starting with A, C, H, IN are each equals to 5!

. Total words = 5 x 5! = 600
ee
ee
ee
The first word starting with S is SACHIN.

SACHIN appears in dictionary at serial number 601.
ar
ar
ar
C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
be ranked among
themselves in 10! ways; but th
C
5. (D) persons can
Without any restriction the 10 is above Aj make
is above Ajo and the number of ways in which Ato wava
number of ways in which Aj is above A1o is exactly
same as the number of
ways in which A
up 101. Also the number of
Therefore the required number
of ways(101).
in which Apo is above A.
e
e
nc
nc
nc
6. (A)
seated= (4 -1)! = 31 =6
No. of ways in which 4 boys can be
ie
ie
ie
= 4
" Chairs of different colour
Sc
Sc
Sc
Total number of ways = 6x 4 24.
r
r
7. (B)
ee
ee
ee
in 6! ways.
Fix up man and the remaining 6 men can be seated
I
as such the 7 women are to be arranged in seven empty
Now no two women are to sit together and
ar
ar
ar
arrangement will be 7!.
seats between two consecutive men and number of
of ways = 71x 6!.
C
C
Hence by fundamental theorem the total number
8. (C)
Required number of ways
1C +1 C+C+®C =385.
e
e
nc
nc
nc
9. (B)
All positive selections are "Cs 252 in number.
ie
ie
ie
Out of these, the no. of selections in which no women is included, is Cs6.
246.
The no. of selections in which at least one women is included, is 252-6
=
Sc
Sc
Sc
10.(B)
r
r
ee
ee
ee
All may be red or may be yellow or may be green.
required no. of combination is °Ca+C3+C= 10+1 +4= 15.
the
ar
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8. Functions
A relation f from set A to set B is said to be a function if every clement of set A has unique
image in set B.
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Every Function is a relation but every relation need not be a function.
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Domain and Range
The set of all first components of the ordered pairs in a relation R from set A to set B is called
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the domain of the relation R..
The set of all second components of the ordered pairs in a relation R from set A to set B is
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called the range of the relation R.
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Types of Functions
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Identity function : Let R be the set of real numbers. Define the function f: R>R by fx) =x
for each xE R. Such a function is called the identity function.
Constant function : Define the function f: R R by f{x) = k, where k is a constant, and

each x e R.
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Polynomial function: Define a functionf:R>Rby fx)= a0t+ax+ax2 t..tak, where n issa
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non-negative integer and a, a .. e R. For example, define a function f:R R, by
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fx) =x* is a polynomial function.
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function: These functions are of the type t
(x)
Rational where fx) and gx) are polynomial
90X)
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functions ofx defined in a domain and g(x) # 0.
for each x e R is called

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Modulus function: Define a function f: RRby fx) = Ixl
modulus functions.
C
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Signum function: The function f: R-> R defíned by
1 ifx>0
f(x)={0 ifx=o
0, x=0 -1ifx<0
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is called the signum function.7 hi 712 (g *a Briivs

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Greatest Integer Function or Step Function: The function f: R- R

defined by
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fix) [x], x e R assumes the value of the greatest integer less than or equal to x. Such a
=
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function is called the greatest integer function

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Exponential Function: A function f: R R defined by f(x) = a", a> 0 is called

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exponential function.
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Logarithmic Function
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If we define a function f: R R by f(x) = logax, such a function is called a logarithmic

function
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Composite Function: g same as codomain
C
be any two functions whero domain of is
Let f: AB and g: B-C A to C denoted by gof and is
define the composite function of fandg from
of f, then we
given by gof: A- C
Even and odd function: even if -x) =f{x) for all x e Rrf
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function: A function fis said to be
Bven for all x e R.
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said to be odd if-x) =-fx)
Odd function: A function fis
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One -One function element in A has a distinct image in B.
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functon A >B is said to be one-one if each
A f:
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Onto Function: is the image of some element
A function f: A >B is said to be onto if every element of B
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f.
of A under the function
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Into function: at least one element in B
The function f: Ais said to be an into function if there exist
-B
which does not have any preimage in A.
is said to be many to one function if two
Many to One Function : A function f: A> B
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(or more) elements in A have same image in B.
: 1,223-1TDT
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Inverse Function:
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is also one one and onto, such that go
Iff: A B is one-one and onto and g:B>A
-
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functions. i.e. gof (x) =x,:nteH

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me f:A >A and fog: BB are both identity
fog ()=y then fand g are called inverse functions of each other.
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Real Function
A function f: A > B is called a real valued function of real variable if A and B both are
C
C
subsets of R.
for all x e X.
(f+g) x) =fx) + g{x)
f-g)x)=f{x)- g{x) for x e X.
(of (x)= of (x) for all x e X.
fg)x)-=f(x)g (*) for allx e X.
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1 )-provided gtx) # 0 for all x E X.

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.Formulae for domains o1 functions lg teita ato 3i orura

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dom(f+g)=domf ndomg
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dom(f g)=domfn domg

domfg)= domf n domg {x: gtx)* 0}
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Properties of composition of functions

(a) The composition of functions is not commutative, i.e., fog*g of
C
6) The composition of functions is associative, i.e., (f o g) oh = fo (g o h)

(c) The composition of two bijections is a bijection.
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Functlons (67)
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Domain of f Range of f
C
Type of f Form of f
Constant function fx)=k R
Identity function fx)X
Square function x)=x [0, 0o)
=
x*
Cube function x) ax R
Linear function fx)= +b
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Quadratic function 4ac-b
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f(x)=ax+bx + c R 4a
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= ax" + bx* + Cx +d R
Cubic function fx)
0)
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Square root fünction fx)= Vx 0, o)
Cube root function fx)= x Depends
R on
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Rational function fx)= PX
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g(x) x/q(8)- 0)p() and q ()
R (0, oo)
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Exponential function fx)=a, a>0
Logarithmic function fx)= loga X, a> 0, a#1| 0, ) RR
C
C
Absolute rulnculd fx)= x R
Signum function R)=sgn sgn (3) -1,0,13

Greatest Integer function )=x = Z
Fractional Part function fx) {xj 0,1)
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Multiple Choice QuestionsS
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MHT-CET 2018
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1. Iff:R-{2)>R isa function defined by fx) , then its range is
,
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(A)R B)R-2} (C)R 4 (D)R-
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-HCA
C
C
MHT-CET 2019
=.
2. Iffx)= 3x-2 and g (x)= x*, then fog (x)
(B)2-3x (C)3x-2 (D)3x2+22.
(A)3x-2 t
3. Iff(x) = 3x +6, gx)= 4x +k and fog (x)= gof (x) then k =
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(D)9
(A)-9 (B)18
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of the real valued function f(x)=

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4. The domain is
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(A)2,3] B)2,3] (C)[2,3) (D)(2,3)-)

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5. The range of function f (x) = sin x + cosec x is

2)
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(A)-1, 11 (B)(-1, 1) (C)R-I-2, 21 D)R-(-2,

C
6. Function defined by
f: R-~R f(x)=x*+5 is
(A)many-one and onto (B) one-one and onto
(C)one-one and into (D) many-one and into
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followingg statement is true?
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Function f: R>Ris defined by f(x) =|x|+x. Which of the
7
C
(B)fis constant function
(A)fis many-one (D)fis onto
(C)fis one-one
(x)] = (D)x+x+2
8. Iff(x)=x*+1, then f[f
(B)x+1 (C)x+2x+2
(A)x-x*-2
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9. The range of the function f(x)= x€ (3, *) 1s
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(C)(3,o) (D)(0, o)
B)-3,3)
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(A)(-3,3)
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MHT-CET 2020
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10. If 3x-2s, then xe
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C
(A
f(12) then the value ofk is
11.Iff:R>Risgiven by f{x) = 7x +8 and
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(C)4 (D)8
(A)1 (B)7
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then f(x)=
12. Ifa function f: R-Ris defined by f(x) =+3,
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(A)-3) (C)X-3 D)X 4
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4
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13. The range of the function f(x) =
X
D)R--5)TH
C
C
(A)JR-{-1} B)R-{13 (C)R-{5}
14.IfR= {a, b)/b=a-1, a E Z, 5<a<9}, then the range of R is

(A){5,6,7} (B) {5, 6, 7, 8, 93 (C) {7, 8, 9} (D) {6,7, 83
15. If fx) ax+ bx +2 and f(1)=4, f(3) = 38, then a - b=

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=
(C)-2 3 D) 15 A
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(A)8 (B)2
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16. If f: RR. g: R-^R defined by fx) = x-3x +4 and g) 2x +1, then the value of x for
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which fx)=(fog) (x) is

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(A)-1. B)1,2 C) i(D)-1

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17. Iff )=-k(cos x + sinx) and f0) = 9, f 15, then fox)=

C
(A)3(cos x + sin x)- 12 (B) 3(sin x+cos x) + 12

(C) 3(sinx-cos x)+ 12 (P)3(sinx cos x)- 12 50t (A)
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Functions (69)
18. Domain of the real values
C
function f(x)= 1s
(A)R (B)R-(3)} (C)R-(-3,3} D)-3 SxS3

19. If f(x) = then the value of f{f{2)]}
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(A) 35
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(35
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20. If f: R>R,
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g R>R are two functions defined by f(x) = 2x 3, g(x) = x +5 then
fog)(x) =
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St (C)
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21. Iff: R>R, such that f(x) = -, then fis h t9.
(A)an odd function 31ot Ae 1} (B)aneither even nor odd function
(C) an even function ts 0 i{tI; (D)aperiodic function 9
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22. If fx)=[x]-5[x] +6=0, where [x] denotes greatest integer function then x E
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(A)2,4] (B)[2,4) (C)[2,4] (C)[2,4]
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23. If f(x)=3, then fo fis

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(A)an odd function
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(B) not defined for all x eR
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(C)a constant function (D)an even function
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24. If f)=¢ g(K), g(0) -4, K0)=2,thenf'(0)=
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C
(A)1 (B)2 (C)4 (D)6
25.If fx)= and g) 5x-3 th

gof)
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(A)3 (B)-3
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26. GivenA = {1,2,3, 4, 5}, B {1,4, 5}. fR is a relation from A to B such that (x, y) € R with
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x>y, then range of R is

e(A) {1,4,5} (B) {4,5) (C)2,4}3
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D) {1,4}
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27. If fx) =x*- 3x +4 and f(x) =f{2x +1), then x =

C
(A)-1,5 B)-1 (C) (D)1

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cos (y-5)is
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28. The domain of a function f(y) =-
y25-
(C)(-5, 5) (D)[4,5)
(A)4,5] (B)(4, 6]
functions satisfying g'(a) = 2, g(a) =b and fog =1, where I is an

29.If and g are differentiable
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f
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identity function, then f'(b) is equal to
(D)
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(C)
(A)2 (B)
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1, then (fof) (1) =
30.Iffx)=2x+bx+c, fO) =3 and f2)=
(B)2 (C)1 (D)3
r
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(A)0
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31. If 2f(x) = f'(x) and f0) = 3, then the value of f2)3e2
is
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(B)3e (C) (D)2e
(A)4e
C
C
then the function fof is
32.If f(x)= X,
(B)an identity functioni
(A)a constant functionvesiion st (D)an exponential function
(C) an even functioniunu?. iboig s
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area
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number of relations from setA to set B.
33. If A= {x, y, z}, B= {1,2}, then the total (D)64
B) 32 C)8
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(A)16
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integer function, which of the following is true, for
every
34. For f(x) = [x], wher [x] is the greatest
xER
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(D)x]t1sx
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(A)x]+1=x B) K]t1>x (C)x]+1 Sx
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35. The domain of the function f(x)
= Vx is
C
C
(B)R"U {0} (C)R { D)R
(A)R-{03
=
36. The domain and range of the relation R given by

x,y)/y=x+x,ye N and x <6
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(A)Domain= {2,3}, Range= {5}. (B) Domain = {1,2}, Range= {5,7}

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(C)Domain ={1,2), Range ={5,7 D)Domain = {1,2,3,4,5), Range = {7,5.

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37. If then
i1
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(A) f)=-f() B) ff)=* (C)f')=f{«) D)f(x) does not exist

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Functions(71)
C
SOLUTIONS
1. (C)
We
We have f(x)= y=2|x+2)-+2
f(x)-2 x-2
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x=y-2 and domain of f{x) is R {2}.
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When x = 2, we get y =2+2=4. So range of f(x) is R- {4}
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2. (A)
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f(x)= 3x -2 and g (x) = x*
fog()=f(s (K) =f(*) = fog ()= 3x* -2
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3. D)
f)=3x + 6, g (x) = 4x +k
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fog(x)=f (g(x)) = f(4x +k) =3 (4x +k) +612x +3k+6
C
C
gof (x) = g(f(x))= g (3x +6) 4 (3x +6)+k 12x +24 +k
Given, fog (x) = gof (x)
-
12x +3k+6 12x +24 +k 2k= 18 >k = 9
4. (C)
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f)is defined if 20 andx 3
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-
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3-x
20 ifx -220 and 3 x>0 OR x-230 and 3-x<0
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'X22 and 3 >X OR xS2 and <x 3
.x2 and x <3 OR x2 and x>3
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2sx <3 OR impossible
C
C
xE [2, 3)
5. (D)
Given f(x) = sin x + cosec x = sin x +

Sin. X
e
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We know that, the sum of the number and their reciprocal is either less than or equal to -2 OR
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greater than or equal to 2.

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x+-2 x+22. Thus range off(x) is R-(-2,2)

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i.e. OR
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6. (D)
f: R>R defined as f(x) = x*+5
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Polynomial function of even degree is many-one.

f(x)=x+5 is many-one.
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There are some elements in co-domain of f which has no-preimage in its domain. Hence f(x) is
C
into function.
Thus f(x)=x*+5 is many one and into function
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C
7. (A)
-x, if
if
x220
x0
-X,
. f(x)= 2x, x20
if
=0, X <0
if
e
e
function.
For all x 0, f(x) = 0. Thus f(x) is many-one
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8. (C)
fx) =x* + =x+2x*+2
11
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f[f)]=f(x*+1)=(«*+1)+1=x+2x+1 +1
r
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9. D)
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We have
f( 9x-9
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Clearly f(x) is not defined when x'-9=0
C
C
i.e. (x-3) (x+3) =0x=3,-3 oo)
defined for x =3, range is (0,
As xe (3, ») and f (x) is not
10.(C)
e
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We have Bx-21
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s(-2s
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3x-2 and 3x-2s
r
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3xs
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s3x and
x
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and
Sx
C
11. (C)
C
We have fx)= 7x +8=y ...let)
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»ro-f-»f"12)=
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-
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.f >k=4
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12.(A)
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Letf)-+3 -y
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4x = 5y - 15 x=215
C
4
f)- »r')- 215- S(X-3)
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2:s Functlons (73)
C
13. (A)
We have y
+xy - 5y +3
5y-xy x-3
y+3
x*
x
e
e
1+y
nc
nc
nc
Hence Range = R- {-1}
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14. (A)
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Given R {(a, b), b =a-1, a e z, 5 <a<9
a 6, 7, 8
=
r
r
a6,b6-1 5
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a-7,b7-1 =6
a-8, b=8-1 =7
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R {(6, 5), (7, 6), (8, 7)}
C
C
Range of R= {5, 6, 7}
15. (A)
fx) = ax+
bx +2
f(1) =a+b+2=4 atb=2
f3) 9a+3b+2 38 9a+3b 36. ..i)
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e
From (i) and (i), we get a 5, b=-3
=
nc
nc
nc
a-b = 5+3 = 8
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16. (A)
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+1)=(2x+1)-3(2x+ 1)+4
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=f2x
(fog) )IEO))-
4x+4x+1 6x-3+4 4x2x+2
r
r
Givenfx)- (fog) )
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ee
x-3x +44x-2x+2
3x2+x-2=0 3x+3x-2x-2 0
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+
3x(x 1)-2(x+ 1) =0 (x+1)3x-2)0
C
C
x-
17.(C)
f(x) k(cos x + sin x)
=
On integrating both sides, we get
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fx) = k{sin x - cos x) +C

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f(0) = k{0- 1)+C

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O) =-k+ C= -k+C=9 (1)

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-n-coc
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Also
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15 =k+C (2)
Adding (1) &(2) we get
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2C 24 C=12 >k=3
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fx) = 3(sin x - cos x) + 12

C
C
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18.(C)
C
x) = is not defined if9-x=0»x=t3
. Required domain = R- {#3}
19.(C) 4
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4X+7
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)7K4
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a-
14-4 10
,
r
r
6+7 13X2 =2
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74(2 13
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C
C
H2} =2)
This problem can also be solved as follows:
fx)
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7x4
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4x+1+1
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7x-4
"7-4 4x+1|-4
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7x-4 {i
r
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16x +28+49x-28 65Xx
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28x + 49-28 x +16 65
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f(HT} =f{x} - *
C
20. (B)
Given fx) =2x-3,
C
gtx) = x*+5
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(fog) (x) f[s()]=f(x° +5),

nc
2(x* +5) -3 = 2x* +7

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Let y -2x +7 *
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rS
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-=)-
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1
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C
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t1204 R:3. Functlons (75)
C
21. (A)
fx) f-x)
ex-eX
ex
2x
e
e
1+ 1+e2*
e.
nc
nc
nc
1-2-(2-1) E)
e"
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ie
.
Sc
Sc
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f-x)=-fx)
f(x) is an odd function.
r
r
ee
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ee
22. (B)
We have, [x]- 5[x]+6 0
ar
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ar
C
C
For [x]= 2, x E [2,3) and for [x]=3, xe [3,4)
.xE [2, 4)
23. (A)
Wehave, fx)=
e
e
nc
nc
nc
(fof) Cx)
ie
ie
3 ie
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3x-2 2(2x+3)+3(3x-2)
3(2x +3)-2(3x-2)
3 -2
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4x+6+9x5 -
ar
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an odd function
6x+9-6x+4 13 x is 8
C
C
24. D)
Given f(x)=e g{x)
. f(x) =e"g(x)+g(x).e
.f0) =e g'0) + g(0)-
e
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ce
2+4 =6
nc
en
en
25. (A)
ie
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(gof)Cx)=g{f(x))
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- -4
L5x-7
ee
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+4 =- **x
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5x-7 7(3x +4)+4(SN

C
53x+43
S5x-1 -7)41
5(3x+4)-3(5x-7)
(gof (3)=3
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en
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26. (D) 1
C
From given data, we write
R {(2,1), 3, 1), (4, 1), (6, 1), (6, 4)}
Range of R is {1, 4)
27. (B)
e
e
(2x+ 1)-3(2x +1)+4
nc
nc
nc
Here f(2x +1)
= 4x+4x +1 - 6x -3+4
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N2x+1) - 4x-2x +2
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Given fx) f(2x+1)
x-3x +4 4x-2x+2
r
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3x+x-2 0 3x*+3x -2x-2=0
3x(x + 1)-2(* * 1) =0 (** 1))Ex-2)=0.
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C
C
x --1,
28. (D) A)
We have f) = co8-5
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25-y2
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nc
nc
Here-1Sy-5s1 and 25-y>0
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4Sys6 and 5y<5
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Hence domain of f) 1s 14, 5)

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29. (D)
ee
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Given
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gla)=b, g(a) =2, flg(x)]=x
C
C
Now f'lgx)] E*)=1 » f(g(x)). =
Put x=a, we get
&a)
e
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nc
30. (D)
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Here fx 2x +bx +c
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=0+0+c iA
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f0) 3=C
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f(2)
=8+2b+3
1
=8+2b +3 2b
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-10 b=-5
fx) 2x- 5x+3
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f(1)
2-5+3=0
(fO) () =f[fx)]
C
(f0 ) (1) = [1)]

= f(0)=
0-0+33
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en
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ci
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ar.1 Functions (77
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31. (B)
C
We have f'(x) = 2f(x)
d-J2dx
log Mx) =2x+c
e
e
Now f0)=3
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log 3=0 +c c = log 3
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log fx)) = 2x+log33& insaoc aity be bta V
/
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When x=2,
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loglf{2)| 2(2)+1log 3 =4+ log 3
f2)=e*og =eelog3 3 e
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C
C
32. (B)
fof ffx)
2 3 4x+0+3
-2*3B
-2 6x +9
-2
e
e
3x-2
nc
nc
nc
4x+6+9x-6 - 15x =x
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ie
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6x+9-6x+4 13
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Therefore, we can say that the composite function fof for the given function is an identity
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function.
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33. (D)
It is given that A = {x, y, z} and B +{1,2} i
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C
AxB = {(x, 1), (%, 2), (y, 1), (y, 2), (z,1), (z, 2)} n{A x B) = 6
The number of subsets of A xB is 2°= 64
34. B)
x] is the greatest integer function. This means, the greatest integer is less than or equal to x.
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Ifx is an integer, then x]=x.

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Ifx is a non integer number, then [x]<x and 0 < x-[x]<1

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X [x] +1
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35. (B)
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For f(x) to be defined, the term under the square root should be greater than or equal to zero.
C
x20
So domain is [0, o] i.e. R" U {0}.
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C
C
36. D)
6
y= X*,X, y E N and x <6
Whenx=1,y=1+6=7
When x2, y=2+3=5
e
e
When x=3, y=3 +2=5
nc
nc
nc
When x= 4, y=4+ 1.5 = 5.5
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When x 5, y=5 +1.2 6.2
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Since x, y E Nandx <6, we write Domain= {1,2,3,4, 5} and Range- {7,5}
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37.(C)
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Let y f)- K+2
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C
5x-3
. y(5x-3) = 3x+2 5xy-3y 3x +2 (5y-3) x = 3y+2
+2
e
e
»)-y+2
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3x+2
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5x-3
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ei Thus f()=fx)
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C
C
e
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()2E
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280 un9 gie rii)
1s5f2
a0
C
9. Limits

x tends to 'a' if, for every
Definition A function f(x) is said to have a limit 4as
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e
ô, that
E0, however small, we can find a positive number such
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nc
nc
r(x)-4e whenever 0<-al<8
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f(x)= lim f(x), then the common value is lIm f(x), then
If lim
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limit of f(x) as x > a may not be same as f{a).
If Iim f(x)* lim f(x), then limf(x) does not exist.
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Algebra of Limits
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lIm f(x)=l and lim g(x) = m, then
Let f(x) and g(x) be two functions such that Xa
C
C
1. lim [fx)+ g{«)]= lim f(x)+ lim gx)= 2 +m,
Xa
-m
X>a g)
_lim =
2. lim [fx)-ga)]= fx)- im i
3. lim [fx) gx)] lim f{x). lim.gx) = l.m

4im k fx)]= k lim ftx) = k e, where k is a constant.
e
e
nc
nc
nc
5. lim
lim g(x) ifm:0
m
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Xa gx)]
i lr
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Some Standard Limits
1. lim k=k, where k is aconstant.&
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2. lim x=a
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3. lim
X8
x=a
C
C
4. lim p(x) p(a), where p(x) is a polynomial.
5. lim alog a
. lim
X>0
log(1+) =1
X
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Theoremn
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lim =na1, where n e N, a>0

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XaX-a
Note:
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This theorem is true for all real values of n.

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Let n-where q#0. Then

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im
x-a im
im
C
Theorem : im =1, where 0 is in radians.

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Note the following corollaries.
C
er ()Tm Sine1
i) lim
6-0 1 ii) lim
6+0 tan08
1
0
where P is constant
(Iim 1
,
PO where P is constant
(iv) lim
80
1
where P is constant (vii) lim 1, where P is constant
"(vi)lim
e
e
t00,TanP6.
nc
nc
nc
a
Limits of Exponential and Logarithmic Function8
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1. lim =log a, where a>0 2. loploge=
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X
3. im log(1)1 4 lim(1+x
r
r
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When p is constant, we write
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5. lim
OPX
1 ii( 6 Iim
x0 pX
log a
Ltntt
C
C
7. lim
09(1+px) lim (1+ px)*=e
8.
px X+0

e
e
This topic has been included in the CET syllabus for the first tinme for CET 2021. Find sample
nc
nc
nc
questions below.
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D(2n+1)
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1. lim
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n- (n+2)(n +3n-1)
r
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(A)0 B)2
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2. If lim =80, where n is a positive integer, then n=
C
C
x2
(A)3 (B)5 f(C) 2:a :D)none of these
3. lim- x-1
xx+5x-6
()
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(A)0 (D)
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lim 1+cos 2x
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4.
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-2x)
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(A)1 B)2 (C)3

: 1 t A id
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*a)+sin(a-x)-2 sin a
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X
5. lim
xL X Sin x
C
a
(A) sin a B) cos a (C)-sin a P)cos
2 103i
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es 1 Limits (81)
C
6. The value of lim
(A)3 (6) (C) 1

(D)0
e
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lim 8+*)
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nc
nc
7. 1
x0 3-1
(A) log 3
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(B) 0 C)1 (D) logse
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8. The value of limVX-3
x -49
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x7
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(A) CB) D)
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C
C
9. The value of limlog(1+ x) is equal to
X->0 X
(A)e (B) (C) D)2

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lim2-x
nc
nc
nc
10.
x01-cos x None of these
(B) log 4 C)log 2 D)
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(A)0
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SOLUTIONS
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1. (C)
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C
C
lim
n(2n +1) lim
n(n+2)(n2+3n-1) n
e
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nc
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2+0
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4
Sc
(1+0)+0-0) 1
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2. (B)
80
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lim
X2
C
n-20-=80
n-2-=5x 16
n2n1= 5x2"
Comparing both sides, we get n=5
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ee
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3. (B)
.
C
C
lim
x-1 lim-Da +x+) 1+1+1.3
+5x-6 t x1 (x+ 6) (x-1) 1+6
4. D)
2x
L lim+cos
e
e
Y
nc
nc
nc
T-2x)2
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Put
x+h As
xh0
Sc
Sc
Sc
1+cos2 1+ cos(T+ 2h)
r
r
lim
ee
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L im- h0 (-2h)2
ar
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-
C
C
1-cos 2h lim- 2sinh
L lim-
h-0 4h2 h0 4h
A
5. (C)
sin(x+ a)+ sin(a- x)-2sin a
e
e
X Sin x
nc
nc
nc
)A
ie
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2sina coS x-2sinna
lim lim-
Sc
Sc
X0L X SIn X X Sin x Sc

-2sin a 2 sin
r
r
-2sin a(1-cosx)
ee
ee
ee
lim- x sin x
lim
x0 X Sin x
ar
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C
C
(4sina) (4sina)
(4sina)-
= lim-
\im-
tin X0 X
e
ce
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(4sin a) 1x
nc
4sin ax a
en
en
= =sin
ie
1 4
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ci
Sc
6. (A)
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ee
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ee
im As x+2,x*2, x-2*0
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x-2 S4
C
32)3-1
=
=3
2(2)2-T
22 -
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ee
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Limlts (83)
ar
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7. (D)
C
ulog (1+x)|
log(1+X)
3-1
lim 0, x#0
*0
3-1
e
e
lim 08,0+)
nc
nc
nc
= loge
ie
ie
ie
log 3
Sc
Sc
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8. (D)
r
r
ee
ee
ee
Jlim2-3
lim2
lim 2-x-32+x-3 lim 2-(x-3
ar
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x-7 *-49 x7 (x7) (x+7)
2+yx-3. x-7 (x-7) (x +7(2+ x-3)
-
C
C
lim- (7-x) lim
-1
x7%-7Mx+7)(2+vx-3) t a-1(* +7){2+vx-3)
(14)(2+2)
e
e
9. (D)
nc
nc
nc
78
limlog(1+x) =21im log(1+x)x = 2loglim (1+x)x
ie
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x0X x0 X90
2 log e = srt 3 yu
Sc
Sc
2(1)*U G7 G
i E 7 t Sc
ni Patts
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ee
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ee
10. (B)
x.2-x ex {2-1)t sdo x(2-1/ aueunioiiot 2 (hote
ar
ar
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lim im
X0 ICOS X x0 I-cos x x0 2sin2
C
C
2
x2-1n
x
uti
=
lim lim
x02sin 2x0
e
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nc
en
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Sers YiJtogeT
xlog2 g=2 44
Sc
1og 2 log 2=log2-log4

2
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22
4
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X
C
C
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10. Continuity
C
Methods
Important Formulae & Shortcuts
Is continuous at x=p
these lImlts are equal to f(a), then fx)
lim f(x)= f
lim f(x), then lim f(x) exlsts.
at a point x = c In the domaln of fx)
function y = f(x) ls sald to be continuous
e
e
A
then f) ia
nc
nc
nc
(0) f(o) exlsts () lImf(x) exists (). im t(x)
=1(c). Le. if Im f(x)= lim f(x) = f(¢),
ie
ie
ie
contlnuous at a polntx = C.
Sc
Sc
Sc
Properties of Continuous Functlons: 8
If fx) and g(x) are two real valued
functions continuous atx = C, then
r
r
at x = c, where k e R.
ee
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ee
() The function k.f(x) is continuous
(i) The function f(x)+g(3) is continuous
atx= c
continuous at x= c
ar
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or f(x) is
(i) The function f{x)- g(*) g(x)
-
(iv)
at
The function f{x).g{x) is continuous x=C
C
C
f(x). is continuous
(V)The function atx = q, where g (c) # 0.
9(x)
f lot)] or g f(x)] is always continuouss function and is
(vi) Composition of two continuous functions i.e.
continuous atx = C.
Continulty of a functlon in an Interval

e
e
in an interval if it is continuous at every point in the
Areal valued function f is said to be continuous
nc
nc
nc
interval.
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Continulty of the function In the domain of the functlon
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Sc
A real valued function f: D> R is said to be a continuous function if it Sc

is continuous at every point in the
domain D of the function f.
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r
3)
ee
ee
ee
Discontinulty of a function:
If the function f{x) is not continuous atx = C, it is said to be discontinuous at x = C. .
ar
ar
ar
inl
lIm f(x) or lim f(x) or both may not exlst,
x
C
C
() Im 1(x) and lIm t(x) both exist but are not equal.
may not be equal to f(©).
(m)y
im t(x) and lim t(x)exlst and are equal but both
Types of Dlscontinuity:
1. Jump discontinulty: A function fox) has a jump discontinuity at x = a if both left hand and right hand
e
ce
ce
limits exist but are diferent.

nc
i.e. lim f(x)* lim f(x)

en
en
xa"
ie
2. Removable Discontinulty: A function f(x) is said to have removable discontinuity at x = a where

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ci
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lim f(x) exists, but elther fa) is not defined.

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3. Infinlte discontinulty:
A function f¢x) is said to have an infinite discontinuity at x = a if lim f(x) =to or
ee
ee
ee
X+a"
lim f(x)=t
ar
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+a
C
.The Intermediate value theorem for contlnuous functlons

Theorem:
If f is a continuous function on a closed interval fa, b] and itf yo is any value between
f (a) and fb), then yo = (c) for some c in [a, b]
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si
Continulty (85)
C
MHT-CET 2004
1. If f(x)=loš(1-3x) (1+3x), x*0
= k X=0
e
e
is continuous at x =0, then value of k equals
nc
nc
nc
(A)-1 (B)1 (C)2 (D)-2
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
2. If fx) is continuous over [-7, n] where f(x) is defined as
-2 sin x, -tSxs
r
r
ee
ee
ee
f(x)={asin then a and ß equals
ar
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C
C
cos X,
(A)a=-1, ß =1 (B) a=1,B--1 (C)a=1,ß=1 (D)a=ß =0
3. lim
x
e
e
x0
nc
nc
nc
(A)log 3) (B)2 (log 3) (C)log92: ctiaD
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Sc
Sc
MHT-CET 2005
Sc
4. lim log(cosx)
r
r
ee
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ee
(A)0 (B)1 (C)e D)
ar
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C
C
5. If f(x)= (1+3x*, x*0
k, X =0
TNO.T!t
is continuous at x =0, then value of k is
(A)e (B) e (C)1280!iritso R(D)none of these
e
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nc
atx-va-X 1
en
en
6. lim
ie
X0 4x
ci
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(D)none of these
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(A)a
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7. lim 8sin xXCOBA=

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X0 3tan x +x*
C
A)
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(86)MHT-CET Exam Questlon8
C
MHT-CET 2006
8. lim =
x-2 x-8
C)10
A)
e
e
nc
nc
nc
9. lim exists, if
ie
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ie
xgx)
(A)only g (x) exists at x =a
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Sc
(B) only fx) exists at x=a and g (a) # 0
(C)both f(x) and g(*) exists at x = a
r
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ee
D)either (x) or g (x) exist at x =a
f
ar
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10. If lim
f(x)-f9 exists, then
C
C
x2 X-2
(A) lim f(x)=f(2)
x+2
B) lim f(x)* lim f(x)
x2 x+2
(limx2 f(x)*f(2)
e
e
nc
nc
nc
D)f) is not differentiable at x-2
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ie
11. lim cOtÉx-3
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Sc
COS ex-2
Sc
A)2 (B)3
r
r
(C)4 D)5
ee
ee
ee
lim+a*-2 equals
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12.
X
C
C
(A)2 log a (B)log a C)log a (D)log2ax17 2
,
MHT-CET 2007
13. The value ofk iff(x) is continuous at x
=where
f(x)=kcos8x
for x
e
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(x)-2x
nc
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3, forx=is
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(A)6 (B)3 C)-2

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(D)4
lim+2x )V*
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14.
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(A)e (B)e (C) (D)e

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C
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en
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2 Continulty (87)
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15. Iff (x) is continuous at x = 0, where
C
f(x)=(-1).sinx then, f(0)=?
x
(A)log 3 (B) log 3 (C)3 (D)2 log 3
2
AIŽi1
16. lim elogx
e
e
nc
nc
nc
(A)1 (B) C)0 (D)not defined
limt2+3+.+n =?
ie
ie
ie
17.
3n
Sc
Sc
Sc
f
(A (B) (C) (D)
r
r
ee
ee
ee
MHT-CET 2009
ar
ar
ar
lim log(ex)]08x
C
C
18.
(A)1 -e (B)e (C)e
19, If f(x) = and f(0) = 4, f(1) =3, then f(2)

e
e
(A)1 (B)0 D)
nc
nc
nc
ie
ie
ie
f(x)=-1)sinx x#0
Sc
Sc
20. 1F
x
Sc
z4 x=0 3
r
r
fis continuous at x = 0, thenk=
ee
ee
ee
P
(A)2
6 (B)-2 C)2i (S)(D)3
ar
ar
ar
21. lim5*-5-3*
+1
9 T THA
C
C
x-0 1-cos 2x
(A)log(15) og5)(og3) lo(8) Dlog 5) (log 38
T
22. If fx) -2 sinx,TSxS-
e
ce
ce
nc
a sin x+b, -5<x<;

en
en
ie
ci
ci
Sc
cOS X, SxS ****

rS
rS
X2)
is continuous in (-T, T), then the values of a and b are respectively

ee
ee
ee
(A)0 and 1 (B)-1 and1 (C)1 and 0 (D)1 and-1

ar
ar
ar
23. lim+2+3+...+n
n
C
(A)1 B) 6 (D)2
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
MHT-CET 2011
C
1+sim) '.-exeo
24.If f(x)= b, x =0 is continuous at x = 0,
tan 2x
e
e
e tan 3x 0<x
nc
nc
nc
ie
ie
ie
then the values of a and b are respectively.
Sc
Sc
Sc
(C) (D)None of these
(A) B)-
r
r
ee
ee
ee
C+dx
a+bx is+4)/(a+b) Z-TH1

25. Ifa, b, c and d are positive, then lim| 1
equalto
ar
ar
ar
(A)ed (B)e (C)ec (D)e
C
C
MHT-CET 2012
log(1+ 2ax)-log(1-bx)x#0
26.1ff(x)= x is continuous at x =0, then k=
e
e
k, X=0
nc
nc
nc
ie
ie
ie
(A)b+a B)b-2a C)2a-b (D)2a+b
Sc
Sc
Sc
(
27. lim is equal to
r
r
ee
ee
ee
(A)2 log 3 B)3 log 3 (C)log 3 D)None of these
ar
ar
ar
C
C
MHT-CET 2013
x+forx#0 .
28.Punction f(x)=1 eng
3, for x=0
(A)fis continuous at x =0 B) lim f(x)*f(0)
e
ce
ce
x0
(c)fis not defined at x = 0 D)fis discontinuous at x=0
nc
en
en
.
ie
20+3-6-10*
ci
ci
for x #0D
Sc
= 1-cos8x
29.1f f(x)
rS
rS
is continuous at x = 0, then the value of k is

log 2 forx=0 in,
ee
ee
ee
3
ar
ar
ar
E.S
8)3
C
(A)sin 60°
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Continulty (89)
MHT-CET 2016
C
30. If the function f(x) defined by
f(x)=xsinfor x* 0
-k, , for x = 0
at
is continuous x=0, then k
e
e
nc
nc
nc
(A) 0 (B)1 (C)-1 (D)
ie
ie
ie
of k, the function defined by
31. For what value
f(x)=og(+2x)sin x°
Sc
Sc
Sc
for x #
00
x
r
r
=k for x=0
ee
ee
ee
is continuous at x= 0?
ar
ar
ar
(A) 2 B) (C) (D)
90
C
C
MHT-CET 2017
32. If the function f(x) =| tan for x #00

e
e
=k, forx= 0
nc
nc
nc
is continuous at x = 0, then k= ?
(B)e (C)e (D)e
ie
ie
ie
(A)e
Sc
Sc
Sc
33. If fx) log(secx cotx for x #0
r
r
forx= 0
ee
ee
ee
k,
is continuous at x =0 then k is
ar
ar
ar
A)e B)1 (C)e (D)0
C
C
MHT-CET 2018 í2:1 mi
34.Iffix) =x*+0, for x 20
= 2Vx+1+8, forx<0
e
ce
ce
is continuous at x = 0 and f 2, then o + is

nc
en
en
ie
8
(A)3 B) (C)
ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
CCoS x
35. If fx)= *0 is continuous at x=0, then value of f{0) is
for x
ee
ee
ee
(A C)
ar
ar
ar
.
C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
(90) MHT-CET Exam Quostlona
ar
ar
ar
MHT-CET 2019
C
continuous nt x 07
36. Which of the following function is not
f(x)= sin x- cos x, x*0 (X)(1+2x)"", x*0
a
(A) =-1, X =0 X 0
e
e
e 0
nc
nc
nc
(D)"(x)
,
X
sin 3x
ie
ie
ie
-1, X=0 0
Sc
Sc
Sc
O8(+ax)-log(1-bx)4, x *0 is continuous at x- 0, then f(0)
37. Ifthe function f(x) =
r
r
ee
ee
ee
D)a-b
ar
ar
ar
(A)log a+ log b (B) log a-log b (C)a+b
C
C
38. If the function
fx)-1)tankx 62T9-7H
X#0
4x
=16, X=0
e
e
is continuous at x = 0, then k=
nc
nc
nc
(A)+ (B)t2 (C)t8 (D)t4
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
39.Iffunction
Sc
f(x) =x-
r
r
x<0
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
=x+,x>0
C
C
=1, x=0, then
(A) lim fx) does not exist
x+0
(B) lim f(x)* lim f(x)
x0 x0
9-TH
(C) lim does not exist (D)f(x) is continuous at x = 0
x0
e
ce
ce
40.If
nc
en
en
ie
xX#0
ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
k, X=0,
is continuous at x =0, then k
ee
ee
ee
(A)e (B)e C)e2 (D)1

ar
ar
ar
41.Iff(x) is continuous at x =3, where

C
f(x)=ax+1, forx $ 3
= bx + 3, forx> 3, then
(A) a-b= 3 (B) a+b= (C) a-b (D) a+b=
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Continulty (91)
=V2-1+sin
C
42. If f(x)
cos x,xis continuous at x= then f
(A)2 B) D)2
e
e
43. If the function
nc
nc
nc
cotx
f(x) =(1+3tan
x4
ie
ie
ie
x*0
Sc
Sc
Sc
k, X=0
is continuous at x = 0, then k=
r
r
e
ee
ee
ee
(A) (B)e (C)2 (D)e
ar
ar
ar
1sin x
C
C
44. If f (x) is continuous at x
0 where f(x) =
-for
x x*0, then f(0)=
(A) n B)
60
(C)3 D)
180
e
e
45. The function f(x)= vx-2 is continuous in
nc
nc
nc
(A)2,) (B)(-,2] (C)F2,) D(-o,2)
ie
ie
ie
,
Sc
Sc
46.1f the function f(x)=

1-cos 5x) sin 5x Sc
x*0, is continuous at x = 0, then f(0) =
xsin 3x
r
r
A) () )
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
47.If
C
C
f(x)= +,
X-3
x>3
5, x=3
= 2x+3x +B, x<3
e
ce
ce
is continuous at x =3, then a-p=

nc
(A)-22 (C)-25 (D)-11

en
en
(B)21
ie
ci
ci
MHT-CET 2020
Sc
rS
rS
48,
If fx) 63-3ax, if-4 Sx<-2
=
4x +1, if-2Sx$2
ee
ee
ee
is continuous on [4, 2], then o+ß=
B)
ar
ar
ar
C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
,
ar
ar
ar
C
C
4 sin e sta
49.If f(x)= for x # 0
Sx
2k, for x= 0
(A) (B) (C) (D0

e
e
nc
nc
nc
x+cosx t, then f{7)
_1-sin
50. 1f fx)= for x * T, is continuous at x =
ie
ie
ie
1+sin x+ coS X
(D)1
(C)0
Sc
Sc
Sc
(A)-1 (B)2
3-1sin
r
r
ee
ee
ee
ifx * 10
51.Tf fx) ,
ar
ar
ar
50 ifx = 0, then
C
C
(A) lim f(x) =3 (B) fhas removable discontinuity at x =0
x0
(C)fis continuous atx =0 (D)fhas irremovable discontinuity at x = 0
e
e
52.If fx) = ifx*0
nc
nc
nc
K ifx = 0,
ie
ie
ie
is continuous at x =0 then K =
a (D)e2i10t1137sut7
Sc
Sc
(A)e (C) e
Sc
r
r
fx)=C*-1)sin x
ee
ee
ee
53. If ,x#0 is continuous at x = 0, then f(0) =
x*
ar
ar
ar
(B)180 D)180
C
C
54. If the function fx)= Sn 4xX*cOS
2xifx
1+sin 2x +cos 2x 2
k, if x
e
ce
ce
nc
is continuous at x = then k=
en
en
ie
(A)2 (B)0 (C)-1 D)1

6 3TH
ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
55. If f(x) =8)-9*

(k)-if if x*0
x:0
ee
ee
ee
2 ifx=0
ar
ar
ar

(A)9 (B)2
C
(C)3 D)4
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
Continulty (93)
ar
ar
ar
56. If the function f(x) = 0g10+log(0.1+2x)
C
0
2x
=k, ifx= 0
is continuous at x =0, then k+2=
(A)2 (B) 12 C)11 (D)10
i
e
e
57. If f(x)=*2 forx*2
nc
nc
nc
X-2
= 1 forx 2,
ie
ie
ie
Then which of the following statements is true?
Sc
Sc
Sc
(A) lim f(X) = f(2)
x2
r
r
(B) fx) is discontinuous at x = 2
ee
ee
ee
(C) lim f(x) =f(2)
x+2
ar
ar
ar
(D)fx) is continuous at x = 2
C
C
58. Ifthe function given by f(x)= forx 0 is continuous at x = 0, then the value of
f0) is
(A)es (B)es (C)el0 (D)e
e
e
nc
nc
nc
59. The points of discontinuity of the function f(x)=
ie
ie
ie
if03x$2
X-1
Sc
Sc
Sc
=
AT if2 <xS4, in its domain are
Xt3
(B)x= 1,x=2
r
r
(A)x= 2 only (C)x =0, x =2 (P)x 4 only
ee
ee
ee
xtis
ar
ar
ar
60. The function f(x)=
C
C
(A)continuous for all real values of x.
(B) discontiuous at exactly three points
(C) discontinuous at exactly one point
(D)discontinuous at exactly two points
e
ce
ce
=for x 0
nc
61. If f(x)
en
en
1, for x =0, then the function is

ie
ci
ci
(A)neither continuous nor differentiable at x = 0

Sc
rS
rS
(B)contiuous and differentiable at x=0

(C)continuous but not differentiable at x =0
(D)differentiable but not continuous at x = 0
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
62. If f(x):
forx#0 is continuous at x =
C
0, then f{0)=
(A)log3 (B)-log2 (C)log2) (D) og2)

(log 3) (log 3)
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
(04)MHT-CET Exam Question
ar
ar
ar
SOLUTIONS
C
1. (A)
e2
f(x) is continuous atx =0
f(0)= lim f(x) X0
e
e
log(1+3x)
lim log1-3x) (1+3x)= lim
nc
nc
nc
k log(1-3x)
X0
ie
ie
ie
Dividing numerator and Denominator by x, we get
log(1+3x)x3
Sc
Sc
Sc
log(1+3x)
lim-
xo log(1-3x) lim 3x
log(1-3x)x(-3) (1)(-3)ti
(3-1 ie
r
r
ee
ee
ee
x -3x
ar
ar
ar
2. (A)
C
C
f) is continuous on [-7, 7] and -7,]
f()iscontinuous at x=and x
Contimuity at x=-
e
e
nc
nc
nc
lim f(x)= lim f(x)=:
ie
ie
ie
x
Sc
Sc
Sc
lim_f(x)= lim-2sinx =-2sin 2sin=2(1)=2
r
r
ee
ee
ee
lim f(x)= lim asinx+ß=asin
ar
ar
ar
-asin+B
C
C
2
-a (1) +ß=-a+B
2si-2sin-2(1)-2
From (),-a+B-2
(11)
e
ce
ce
Now, continuity at x =
nc
en
en
ie
lim f(x)= lim,f(x)

ci
ci
Sc
(ii)
rS
rS
lim f(x)= im asin x+p=asin+B=a+p

ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
2
lim f(x)= lim cosx =
C
cos=0
x
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Continulty (95)
C
From (iii), a+ß=0 iV)
Adding equation (i) and (iv), we get
26 2 B=1 * -a+1 2 a-1
e
e
3. (A)
nc
nc
nc
3+3-2=lim -2 (1-23
ie
ie
ie
= lim-
Sc
Sc
Sc
x0 X0 3. x2
- lim3-1
r
r
ee
ee
ee
lim
x0 3 x
x
ar
ar
ar
C
C
(log 3)=log 3
lim3x
X0
4. (A)
lim
x+0
log(cos x) =log (cos 0)= log 1 = 0
e
e
nc
nc
nc
5. (B)
f(x) is continuous atx=0
ie
ie
ie
.f(0)= limf(x)
Sc
Sc
x0
Sc
1
k=lim(1+3x)% =lim|(1+3x)3
r
r
lim (1+3x )3x
ee
ee
ee
x>0
ar
ar
ar
6. (B)
C
C
1ia+x-va-xim vatx-va-xvatx+va-x
4x X0 4x va+x+va-x
(a+x) 2x
lim
0 limaJatx+a-x)
4x(a+x +wa-xx04x(Va+x+va-x
e
ce
ce
1
nc
en
en
ie
7. (A)
ci
ci
Sc
1i 81n X-x cO8

rS
rS
Xx
lim
x0 3 tan x +x"
ee
ee
ee
Dividing Numerator and Denominator byx

8 sinx-xcO8x sin x
ar
ar
ar
COS X
lim X 8(1)-l2
C
lim-
X0 3tantan x+x x0 tanx 3(1)+0 3
X
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
8. (A)
x #2X2#0)
mSlim72(x-2 (x2, 3b
e
e
nc
nc
nc
im-2
ie
ie
ie
3(2)
Sc
Sc
Sc
lim
x2 X
r
r
9. (B)
ee
ee
ee
By algebra of continuous functions
ar
ar
ar
10. (A)
C
C
By definition of continuity of function
11. (C)
cosecx-l)-3 cos ec"X-
im- lim-
xCOSex-2 cosecx-2
e
e
x COs ecx-2
6
nc
nc
nc
6
(cosecx-2)(cosecx
lim +2)= cosec+2
ie
ie
ie
(cos ecx-2) =2+2-4 .
Sc
Sc
12. (B)
Sc
r
r
ee
ee
ee
linta +1-2a
lix0 x2 lim =.lim
a.x
ar
ar
ar
X0 X>0
C
C
im lim
0 a*
13. (A)
f(x) is continuous at x =
e
ce
ce
nc
lim f k cOS x
lim
en
en
3
x 2 -2x
ie
ci
ci
X2126
Sc
Put at x As x,
rS
rS
h0
kcos+h
ee
ee
ee
lim-
h 3 lim k(-5inn) =3
lim
ar
ar
ar
>0 -2h 2h+0 hh 3

C
S0)-3 k=6
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Continulty (97)
14. (D)
C
(1+2x )2x
m1+2x-lim+2x)
lim limim
x01-2x x+0
(1-2x) X+0
-2x)
e
e
15. (C)
nc
nc
nc
f(x) is continuous at x = 0
ie
ie
ie
f(0)= lim f(x)
Sc
Sc
Sc
= lim-
-1 sinx
lim
r
r
ee
ee
ee
X0
x0
im x
ar
ar
ar
lim
x0 3x x0
1-(log ex3)(1)=3
X
1
C
C
16. (C)
lim e = lim x =0
x0 X0
17.(A)
e
e
|D{n+1)|
nc
nc
nc
lim+2+3+...+n lim = n(n+1)
ie
ie
ie
lim
3n n 3n 23n
Sc
Sc
Sc
= lim
r
r
n- 6n
ee
ee
ee
18.(C)
ar
ar
ar
log logx logx
lim[log(ex)]
C
C
=lim loge+ logx] = lim (1+1ogx)
logx
= lim (1+ logx) As x 1, log*
> 00
logx-0
e
ce
ce
19. (C)
nc
f(x)=ax+b
en
en
ie
x+1
ci
ci
b
Sc
f(0)4 =4 » b=4
rS
rS
b
f(1)=3 3>a+b=6>at4-6
ee
ee
ee
a=2
ar
ar
ar
2+1
C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
98) MHT-CET Exam Questions
ar
ar
ar
20. (C)
C
f(x) is continuous at x =0
limf(x) =f(0)
(-1 sin x
lim- 4
X
e
e
nc
nc
nc
lim- sinx-4= lim x lim
Si04
x
ie
ie
ie
X
(loge x k (1)=4»k=4 » kt2

Sc
Sc
Sc
21. (B)
r
r
ee
ee
ee
lim 5-31. im S.3*-5-3+1 --3-1)
ar
ar
ar
1-cos 2xX
1-cos2x x0 2sinx
C
C
()
(s-13-1 x (-7
lim 2 2sinx lim
X>0 2sinx A)
x2
e
e
nc
nc
nc
(1og5(log3) -(log5)(1og3)
ie
ie
ie
lim = lim
sinx X0 2(1
Sc
Sc
Sc
r
r
22. (B)
ee
ee
ee
Refer solution of Q.2
ar
ar
ar
23. (A)
C
C
Refer solution of Q.17
24. (C)
.
f(is continuous atx =0
lim f(x) = lim f(x) =f(0)
X+0*
1)
(
e
ce
ce
nc
im f(x)= lim (1+|sin x|)in

en
en
x0 x+0
ie
ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
lirn 1+|sinx|) Asx0, sin x>0 |sinx|0

Jsinx
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Lan2 tan 2x
C
tan 2x Lan 3x 2x
tan
lim f(x)= lim e lan3x = lim e lim e 3x
S3
X0* 0 x+0 0
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
erx
ar
ar
ar
Continulty (99)
2x
C
lim 2
X0 2x
lim an3x
3x
ex0
and f (0) =b.
2
ee3=ba= and b=e3
e
e
nc
nc
nc
25. (A)
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
Ctdx a+bx a+bx
im1 atbx,
r
r
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
atbx lim-
im
C
C
a+bx i
26. (D)
f(x) is continuous at x=0
f(limf()
x0
e
e
g(+2ax)-log(1-bx)
nc
nc
nc
limf(x)= lim =f(0) 1t-
ie
ie
ie
_ 1og(-bx)x(-
limO8L LAx) lim log(l- bx)=imlog(1+2ax)
Sc
Sc
k= lim
2ax
Sc -bx
X X0 x0
= (1) (2a)-(1) (-6)=2a+b
r
r
ee
ee
ee
27. (C)
ar
ar
ar
( og3 A
C
C
28. (D)
=x if x20
if x<0
e
ce
ce
lim=0
nc
lim f(x)= lim

en
en
X
x0 X x0
ie
=
lim f(x)= lim lim2
ci
ci
Sc
X0
XX
x0* x0" X
rS
rS
f(0) =3
lim f(x)* lim f(x)
ee
ee
ee
x0 x0"
ar
ar
ar
limX0 f(x) does not exist

C
f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0
29. (B)
f (x) is continuous at x = 0
f(0)=limx0 f(x)
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
20+3-6-10*
C
1-cos8xX
10.2+3-6*-10% lim 10*(2-1)-3"(7-1

lim-
x>0 2 sin 4x 2sin 4x
2-110-3) (2-1(10-1-3"+1
e
e
lim- Iim
nc
nc
nc
=
2sin 4x X>0 2sin 4x
L=-(3"-1
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
= lim-
x+0 2 sin 4x
Dividing numerator and denominator by x, we get
r
r
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
X
= lim-
C
C
X0 2sin 4x
x
Ge
e
e
sin 4x4
nc
nc
nc
4x
1og 2/1og10-1o
ie
ie
ie
)log2 089)
Sc
Sc
2(4 32
Sc
y
r
r
3).1
ee
ee
ee
from options,
16 32k=and
ar
ar
ar
30. (A)
Since f{x) is continuous at x =0, we write
C
C
f0) lim 1(4)
X0
k=lim sin=0x(finite number) = 0 k=0
31. (C)
e
ce
ce
Since f(x) is continuous at x 0, we write

nc
en
en
log(1+2x)-sinx
lim =k
ie
x0
,
ci
ci
Sc
logl+2x, sinx=k
rS
rS
lim
X x i}
ee
ee
ee
TEX
sin
x180
ar
ar
ar
lim log1+2)x2x
C
x0L 2x X
3
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
s a
ar
ar
ar
Continuity (101)
C
2-1og(1+2X)x sinx 180)
lim
2x
lim- T=k
X>0 x0
xx 180, 180
20k k
e
e
180 90
nc
nc
nc
32.(C)
ie
ie
ie
f(0) lim f(x)
Sc
Sc
Sc
tan x
r
r
tanx (1+ tan x)tanx
ee
ee
ee
k lim -im Lan x
ar
ar
ar
L-tanx)
C
C
k =
e.el=
e .
33. (B)
f(0) = lim log(sec2x) cot x
e
e
nc
nc
nc
im cot" x -log(1+ tan
ie
ie
ie
K x) = lim k = 1
X0 X0 tanx
Sc
Sc
Sc
34:(C)
r
r
ee
ee
ee
f(x)=x* +a, if x20 continuous at x = 00
=2Nx+1+B, ifx <0 J

ar
ar
ar
f(0)=0+a=2+B^a-ß=2
C
C
+2a=2- nd B--2-
311I1 ;
e
ce
ce
nc
en
en
35. (D)
ie
x
f(x)=cos
ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
x
2 sin2
lime-1-cos x-1)= lim -1.
ee
ee
ee
(0)=lim
f(0)= x lim x2
X0 x-0 x+0"
ar
ar
ar
X
C
Sin
=1+2 lim
x0
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
36. (C)
We will go by options.
(A)f0)-1
sin 0 cos 0=-1
lim f(x)= lim sin x-cos x =
f(x)is continuous at x =0
e
e
nc
nc
nc
limf(x)=lim(1+2x) Xlim(1+2x)2x=e
=
ie
ie
ie
x+0 (0:T
Sc
Sc
Sc
(C)f0)-1
r
r
ee
ee
ee
Vx-1 . ( Divide numerator and denominator by e")
lim f(x)= lim
ar
ar
ar
1 014-
C
C
x0,
x
f(x) is not continuous at x = 0

D)f0)=1
e
e
-1-e+1
nc
nc
nc
im f(x)= lim
x0
-- sin 3x
lim
X0 sin 3x
ie
ie
ie
x+0
Sc
Sc
Sc
limim sin 5 x3
sin3x
r
r
X0 X0
ee
ee
ee
3x
ar
ar
ar
C
C
=
f) is continuous at x 0
37. (C)
f) is continuous atx=0
. f(0)=lim f(x)
e
ce
ce
nc
lim log(l+ax)-log(=bx) =lim 1og* log

en
en
lim1
ie
X x0 X X0
ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
(1+ax)
ee
ee
ee
= lim log-
X0 L
ar
ar
ar
0-bx)
C
-log e- log e= log|log(**) =a+b

f(0)= a+b
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
7.3ge N
Continuity (103)
C
38. (C)
f(x) is continuous atx = 0 3 21313ftg
limx0 f(x) = f(0)
f(0)=lim (-1
tan kx
4x
e
e
Dividing numerator and denominator by x', we get
nc
nc
nc
16-
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Sc
(1xk){1xk) =16=64 »k=-t8
r
r
ee
ee
ee
39. (D)
ar
ar
ar
X ifx20
C
C
e -x if x <0
lim f(x)=lim
x0
x-=
XX0
limx- =lim x+1=1
X
lim.f(x) lim x+ lim x4 lim x +1=1
e
e
X0 X X0 X X0
nc
nc
nc
f()= 1
lim f(x)=lim f(x)=f(0)

ie
ie
ie
X0
Sc
Sc
Sc
S
r
r
40. (B)
ee
ee
ee
limf(x)=T()a
ar
ar
ar
ait
C
C
lim tan k » lim#tanxx =k tan(A+B)
tan(A+ B) anA+tan B
x0L tan A+tan
*
x01-tan BJ
tan x
X
x (1+tan x )tanx
e
ce
ce
liman k
nc
x (1-tanx lim x
en
en
[an
K0
ie
(1-tan x) anx
ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
tan x
lim
lim (1+tan x)tanx X0
xX
ee
ee
ee
tan x0
x=kX0,
k tan x0
ar
ar
ar
iman
lim (1-tan x tanx
C
tan x-0
=k e. e =k k=e
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
C
41. (A)
lim f(x) lim ax+1=3a+1
x3
lim f(x)= lim bx+3=3b+3 .
x3 3
e
e
= 3b+3 = 3a-3b =2 a-
3a+1
nc
nc
nc
ie
ie
ie
42. (A)
Sc
Sc
Sc
=
f(x) is continuous at x
. x 2-+sin x2+1+sin x
x
r
r
2-+sin
ee
ee
ee
lim
cos x cosx 2+1+sin
ar
ar
ar
2-(1+sin x) 1-sinx
C
C
lim-
lim- x)(1+sin x)(V2+V1+sin x
=
+V1+sin x (1-sin
1-sinx)(/2
1
1+sin x)(V2+v1+sinx 1+1)|/2+2) 2(2/)

lim
e
e
43. (A)
nc
nc
nc
ie
ie
ie
lim f(x)=f(0)
Sc
Sc
Sc
cotx
lim(1+3tanx =k lim(1+3tanx)4tmx =k
r
r
+0 x0
ee
ee
ee
3
4 4
ar
ar
ar
lim1+3tanxpu=k=| lim 1+3tan?xBtanx=k
C
C
tanx0
3
Asx-0, tan x> 0 tanfx-> 0. Therefore e =k
44. (B)
e
ce
ce
nc
r
. f(0)=limf(x) Sinx
en
en
ie
= lim lim 180 11

0
ci
ci
Sc
X
rS
rS
r(o)-lim X
Sin
ee
ee
ee
180,x 3x -
x03x 180 180 60
ar
ar
ar
180X
C
,
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Continulty (105)
C
45. (A)
Given f(x)= vx-2
fx) is defined when x -220
Let y=Vx-2 (2, 0)
=x-2 is a parabola with vertex at (2, 0).
e
e
From figure, f(x) is continuous in its domain.
nc
nc
nc
Hence f(x) is continuous in [2, )
ie
ie
ie
46. (B)
Sc
Sc
Sc
f(x) is continuous atx = 0.
2sinsin5x
r
r
OS 3x )8in Sx
f(0)= lim f(x)- lim
ee
ee
ee
= lim
x0 x0 x sin 3x
Dividing numerator and denominator by X, we
x0
xsin3x
ar
ar
ar
gerp s5h bn
sin25x 6T9L 2:r
C
C
(sin5
5
2 lim-
X0
sin5X 3
3x
e
e
nc
nc
nc
47. (B)
fx) is continuous at x =3
ie
ie
ie
lim f(x)= lim f(x)=f(3) .. () 2
Sc
Sc
x3 X3 Sc
limx3 f(x) = lim 2x* +3x +B =18+9+B= 27+B
x3
r
r
ee
ee
ee
im f(x)= lim +a= lim a=
ar
ar
ar
x3 X-3 X--3 X-3
f(3)=5 (given)
C
C
27 +B=6+a=5 a=-1, B--22 a-ß=-1-(-22) 21 o
48. (A)
limf(x) = lim (63-30x) *t
x2 x-2
= 6B +6% ..0)
e
ce
ce
lim f(x) = lim (4x+1) =-7 ..2)s

nc
x-2 -2
en
en
Given f(x) is continuous on [-4, 2]

ie
6B +6a--7
ci
ci
Sc
a+
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
49. (C)
ar
ar
ar
Since f(x) is continuous at x = 0,

4 sin
=
x=2k
C
lim f(x) = f(0) » lim 2k

X0 x0 5x
lim|
x0 CX
2k () =2k » k- 5
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
50.(A)
fis continuous at x = T
x + coSX
f(7) lim f(x) lim1-sin
xT 1+Sin x+coSX
lim -
-coS XSin x L-Hospital's rule]
e
e
=
XT COS X-Sin x
nc
nc
nc
-coST-Sin t
ie
ie
ie
COST-Sin t -1-0
Sc
Sc
Sc
51. (C)
x
lime-1sin
r
r
ee
ee
ee
=
lim
x0
numerator and
x2
denominator by x*, we get
.
ar
ar
ar
Dividing
TEX
C
C
Sin 180
X0
(
lim 3x 180
180
e
e
nc
nc
nc
ie
ie
ie
Sc
Sc
Hence f(x) is continuous at x=0.

Sc
9--1
r
r
52. (D)
ee
ee
ee
Given f(x) is continuous at x= 0
ar
ar
ar
C
C
(1+tan X
.limtanx =K raf
e
ce
ce
lim (1+ tan x)tan x

X0
nc
= K
en
en
Lan X
ie
lim(1-tanx)anx
X
ci
ci
Sc
rS
rS
lim 0X
x
x0
lim (1+ tan x )tan x
ee
ee
ee
= K
ar
ar
ar
-lim
lim(1-tan x) x
C
Lx>0
K K=e
,t
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
Continulty (107)
C
53. (C)
(ex-1) sin
f0)- lim 180
X0
e
e
-
nc
nc
nc
sinxt
ie
ie
ie
lim180 2(log e)x
Sc
Sc
Sc
=
x0 2x 180x0 xT 180) 9
180
r
r
ee
ee
ee
54. (C)
ar
limSin 2x ++ cos 2x
ar
ar
lim fx) =
x1+sin2x
C
C
cos 2x
cos 2x)-sin 2x
lim+ lim 2 cosx-2 sin x cosx
x(+cos 2x)+sin2x 2
T2cos x +2 sin x cosX
2cosx(coSx-sin x)
limCOS COSXS1nx=
e
e
x 2cos x(cos x + sin x) x =-1
nc
nc
nc
COSx+ sin x 0+1
,
.
ie
ie
ie
Since f{x) is continuous at x = we get k=-1
Sc
Sc
Sc
55. (C)
r
r
ee
ee
ee
x0 k-1
ar
ar
ar
C
C
9* (-
lim-
x0 k-1 2 2 0 lin
lim
x0X
Og=2 log9=2 logk >log k=log9 »k=9k=3
e
ce
ce
log k
nc
en
en
56. (B)
ie
ci
ci
lim log 10+ log(0.1+2x)

Sc
lim =k
rS
rS
X0 2x
'
. limlog+
1
ee
ee
ee
20X)=k> lim log(1+20x)2x =k

x>0 2x X0
ar
ar
ar
10
C
log lim(1+20x)20x= log e"=k k=10=k+2= 10+2 12

x0
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci
S
rS
rS
ee
ee
ee
ar
ar
ar
C
57. (B)
Here x-21=x-2, ifx>2 lim f(x) = lim f(x) =0
X2 x2*
=-(x-2 ), ifx <2
Butf2)= 1*0
e
e
So f{x) is discontinuous at x = 2
nc
nc
nc
ie
ie
ie
58. (A)
Sc
Sc
Sc
lim(1+4x) lim(1+4x)4x
r
r
lim+4x LXO
ee
ee
ee
x01-4x lim(1-4x)*
-1
lim(1-4x)4*
ar
ar
ar
Lx0
C
C
(x}i
59. (B)
fx) if0 Sx$2

,
fx)is notdefinedat x=1
e
e
if2<xs4
nc
nc
nc
-
X+3
ie
ie
ie
limf(x) land limfx)=
Sc
Sc
x2 X2
Sc
Thus fx) is not continuous atx =2
r
r
ee
ee
ee
60. (C)
ar
ar
ar
fx) =_X+1I X+I
9x+x3
C
C
The function is discontinuous at exactly one point i.e. x = 0.
61. (A)
-2 =
1 0)
e
ce
ce
and
so' goi
nc
X
ww
Thus f(x) is not continuous atx =0.
en
en
ie
ci
ci
62. (C)
Sc
rS
rS
lim 1
f(0= lim2-1 -X>9_X =log 2
ee
ee
ee
=
x-0-(3-1) 3
limlog
ar
ar
ar
X0 X esi
C
C
ce
ce
ce
en
en
en
ci
ci
ci

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S

Systems of Measurement of Angles:

(1/60)" part of 1' is called 1 second (1").

ii)tan ifx *0) (iv)cosec (ify#0)

()sec8 ifx*0) (vicot (ify* 0)

Since sin 9 +cos 0 = 1, |sin6|| S 1 and |cos 6 Sl

-1 sin 0 sl and -1 cos 0 S1;

Since cosec cosec 02 l or cosec 8S-1

Also, since sec = sec 021 or sec 0 -1

(1in) sin(A+B) = sin A cos

(vi) tan (A-B)=

(vii) cotA +cotB

3tan0- tan°0 cot30=cot 6-3cote

Trigonometric functions of half angles

() sin a=2sin cos

Gi) cos co8-1

cos and sin

in)2 cos A cos B = cos (A +B)+cos (A- B)

Gv)cos -sin ( sin co (vco si

sin'x + cosecx2 2, for every real x

cosx+sec'x 22, for every real x

tanx +corx 22 for every real x

Greatest and least values of the expresslon

Multiple Choice Questions

8. The value of (V3 sin 75°- cos 75°)is

(A) (B)2 (C)2 cos 15° (D)2 sin 15°

9. Ife E R, then sin' + cos 0 +3 sin e cos 0=

10. If 1+tan x = v2, then -

18. cosec 26 cot 28 =

(A)sin 29 (B) cos 8 (C) tan 20e (D) tan 6

19.1f A and B are supplementary angles, then sin+

(A) (C)1 (A)0

21.If 2 cos*8 +3 cos 6 =2, then permissible value of cos 0 is

22. If sinx+ cosecx =3, then value of sin'x +cosec"x is

(A)cot a (B)-cot a (C) tan a (D)-tan a.

() co (B) cot 20 (C) tan 20 (D) tan-

31. cosx.cos7x - cos5x.cos13x =

(A)sin x (B)-cos x (C) sin x (D)cos x

(A)9 (B)3 C)18 (D)27

44. If A+ B+C-180°, then the valuc of

x sine -y cos6 = 3, then the value of x*+y=

51. cos(36°-A) cos(36°+ A)+ cos(54°+A)cos(54°-A) =

= 4, then tan 9 + cot' 0

52. Iftan 6+cot

(A) 191 (B) 194 (C) 110" D)80

(A)-1 (C)0 (D)1

54. Ifsine =sin15° + sin45°, where 0°<0< 180°, then

4 sin 6+2 sin 6- 1

sin -btvb -4ac -244(F).-2t4 +16 -24V20 -242/5

As & lies in " quadrant, sin @=t

Hence sin18°= 5-1

.The period of cos n6 is

lcos (36° A+36° A)+cos (36-A - 36° A))+

[cos (54°A +54°- A) + cos (54 A 54° +A)]

sincos6+3 sin 0 cos e (sin'e) + (cos'e)) +3 sin? 0 cos

(1) (6in 6 sin 6 cos 6+ cos 0)) + 3 sin 0 cos0 =

Given y= e+v3 sin x +cos x

Putting in equation (1), y= e 2'2 =e?

()sec8 ifx0) (vicot (ify 0)