Dae eee ee Cll eel Cel Pe IT Re eA ah aeThe American luxury carh Chrysler ImperialS anew standard of quality. a _ Inits iret year of production, = : hrysler Imperial has been given a higher rating than every Cadillac and erery, Lincoln a its S: Second Quarter Buyers Study by Consumer Attitude Research. Chrysler engineers s the real world it was ready to make traditional American luxury cars in its The hard proof that we've succeeded comes from a recent independent buyer perception survey by Consumer Attitude Research. It shows Chrysler Imperial has the highest quality rating of any American car in its class. That includes Cadillac and Lincoln. Chrysler was able to change the standards by which American luxury cars Adv. ‘C i & are judged for one very simple reason: We antage: er, obviously live by higher standards. CHRYSLER - PLYMOUTH - DODGE - DODGE TRUCS JER - EAGLEFROM THE PRESIDENT Will the ban on ivory trade save Africa’s elephants? 'N SEARCH OF ELEPHANT TUSKS buried near Kenya’s Tsavo National Park, we walked single file through knee-high grass. Flanked by machine-gun-toting rangers alert for poachers, I considered the chances of an ambush Richard Leakey, noted anthropologist and director of wildlife manage- ment for Kenya, led the way to the “tree with a broken branch,” the tip he was following. Sure enough, after digging seven holes, we unearthed one and a half tons of elephant tusks—buried as long as ten months before. Richard's high- tech surveillance and trained combat units, as well as the crash of ivory prices, have driven poachers underground. In Kenya people have been killed for shooting the country’s rapidly disappearing elephants. Paradoxically, in southern Africa wildlife officials cull an overabundance of ele- phants so that they and farmers can coexist It’s a conservation conundrum. Such dilem- mas will be examined in a National Geo- graphic EXPLORER film, “Africa: Playing God with Nature?” to be aired Sunday, December 16, at 9 p.m. on TBS. Poachers have slashed Africa's elephant population from 1.3 million in 1979 to about 610,000 today. Drastic measures have resulted. In October 1989 the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) took action that virtually outlawed trade in ivory. Prices have since plummeted, from $100 to as low as two dollars a pound. sumer crosver Kenya, its elephants decimated, voted an Fortune no more, elephant enthusiastic “yes” to the ivory ban, opposed by Zimbabwe, Botswana, Mozam- tusks buried by poachers ique, South Africa, Zambia, and Malawi. In Kruger National Park, a South are unearthed by Richard Africa showcase, elephants are culled to prevent overpopulation. The sale of Leakey, Kenya's director that ivory has provided about $200,000 a year for elephant research. “Banning of wildlife management. A ¥ a a Javeanagethecontng. ivory will severely restrict our program,” says Anthony Hall-Martin, a Kruger ‘and would have sold for €Xpert. “Richard Leakey’s crusade may be appropriate for Tsavo, but itis disas- ‘a5 much as $300,000. But trous in South Africa and Zimbabwe.” after last year’s worldwide “Eliminating poaching and destroying ivory’s value are only short-term solu- ‘ban on ivory trade, the tions,” Richard cautions, “Unless we can make wildlife conservation profitable market has all but dried for all peoples, we cannot save our elephants for the future.” Toutes Afcanexune Theres no profit when elephants wander off large private holdings, where ities that fund wildlife they enjoy sanctuary, to ravage surrounding small farms. Fences may be the an- research by selling ivory _swer, Richard thinks. I met one lean, leathery Kenyan rancher, Gifford Powys, Srom culled surplus who agrees. “I'm building a stone wall four fect wide, four to five feet high ‘elephants. along my property line,” he said, to contain the elephants that roam his ranch. Zimbabwe supports its wildlife with hunting fees. But Robin McIntosh hopes to attract nonhunting visitors to the 22 major wildlife species on his cattle ranch, only 30 minutes from Harare, the nation’s capital. “We'll offer lodges, walking, tours, everything for the tourist,” he say’ While the elephant debate continues, all agree that elephants must earn their keep and be fenced within sanctuaries. With Africa’s human population dou- bling every 20 to 25 years, the day of the free-roaming elephant is all but over. Slt bhavaSave over $110 on The Times Atlas of the World Seventh Comprehensive Edition “The best atlas available in English’~The New York Times. 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Bunting in the Hermitage offers a leisurely tour of 600. ‘masterpieces from Russi national museum in Leningrad ‘And sn Paintings n the Musee @Orsay and Paintings in te Lowere, {youll ind more than 1600 breathtaking repro- actions from France’ grandest museums ‘Together, this three-volume library sets a new standard for excellence in art books. Save over $215 on Joseph Campbell's Historical Atlas of World Mythology This masterwork—the culmination of Campbells brillant carer—traces the saga of humankindk spinal swakening in five lavishly dstated ‘elumes, Campbell shows how our ancesto lived and whet they beaieved, shedding new light on who we are and where we come from, Insightful, iluminating, challenging. the Fistorical Alas of Wold Nahi aut cacion tothe pasta tothe mind of one ofthis century fraesttinkere Bfeebriape 1etetene | $3495 raphe and drawings ab pri $250 Save over $300 on The Story of Civilization by Will and Ariel Durant Foralmost hala century Will and Ariel Durant traced the continuity of world history—the religions and philosophies, the political and economic tides, the arts and sciences, the customs and conquests~to show the foundations of society; a 4 a 2 po 8 of BH || 3 2 I. £ 203 45 = SEE 8 i 23s a8 F 5 $88 <3 7} 6 fee Lag Boe 8 Ly EE g £2: aE s B pe a Safe og /8 BS aye as EM 5 gg2 2 28 | EO a 2e2 EGE is 16 PHBE || ae ee i 2 426 bag $ Dance Choose from among the greats at Sar upto $3 0 No obligation to buy another book. Facts About Membership. As a member you will receive the Book ofthe Month Club News" 15 times a year (about every 34 weeks) Every issue reviews a Selection and more than 150 other books, which are carefully chosen by out editors. fyou want the Section, do t will be shipped to you automaticaly. If you want one or more other books—or no book at all—indicate your decision on the Reply Form and return it by the specified date. All our books are priced below publishers’ prices, and are durably bound, qual ityeditons. Return Privilege Ifthe Neus is delayed an you receive the Selection without having had 10 days ‘to notify us, you may return it for credit. Cancella- tons: You may cance membership at ay time by not fying Book-of the Month Club, We can hock noone ck in any six-month period. Join today. Wi hats le thes Book-ofsheMomh Chievinae book lovers belong. BOOK-OF-THEMONTH CLUB”A most CslieOheN Ode ULeat lone ul BOOK-OF-THEMONTH CLUB” 3 II BUSINESS REPLY MAIL Book-of-theMonth Club, In: CAMP HILL PA 9901NOVEMBER 1990 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE Ike’s Airplane Returns to the Skies J ffl Christer owned an tural spraying business in 1970 AVAL swnen he bid on, and won, five Lockheed C-121A Constellations at 8 military auction. For ten years he flew four of the Connies in his spraying ‘operations; the fifth was a source of parts for the others. Then he made fn astonishing discovery: His parts plane had been Columbine II (above). the first presidential aircraft used by Dwight D. Eisenhower (Nationat Grocrarisc, July 1969). “Lwas terribly upset that [had canni- balized something that had that much historical value,” Christler says. He tried for years o figure outa way torestore the plane. Butit wasn't until 1989, with the help of Henry Oliver II, who alsoisinterested in vintage planes, that he could, Oliver bought another Constellation’ for jts parts, and he, Christler, and a handful of others worked for nearly six monthsin a Tuc- son, Arizona, field to restore the four engine plane to airworthy shape. The restoration cost about $150,000. Cot- lumbine II flew again carly this year, the centennial of Eisenhower's birth. “The plane needed new engines and anew landing gear, the rudders had to be rebuilt, and the windows, wiring, and hydraulics had to be replaced,” says Oliver. “But it was structurally sound; the only corrosion was where a rat had made its home in the belly.” ‘The plane that became Columbine I ‘was one of ten purchased by the Air Force from Lockheed Aireraftin 1948, for a total of 11.4 million dollars. Christler bid “about $35,000" in 1970 forhisfive planes; they were no longer flyable because of missing parts. Two new Boeing 747s that joined the Force One fleet this year cost the gov- ernment a total of 266 million dollars. Columbine It served Eisenhower from 1952_to 1954, when it was replaced. The plane’ was christened by his wife, Mamie: The columbine is the official flower of her home state, Colorado. ABan on Imports of Sipan’s Treasures lhe U.S. government has barred the importation of gold, silver, ‘and other treasures from Moche tombs in the Sipén region of Peru's northern coast The Moche civilization began to evolve in the first century a.p. and endured for some 700 years. The October 1988 Nanionat. Geocrarsic described the discovery of a spectacu lar, unplundered Moche tomb in the Sipdn area and cited the danger of looting. Another tomb filled with finely crafted artifacts of gold, silver, ‘and gilded copper was found in 1989 (Grocrarmic, June 1990). "The import ban came aftera request from the Peruvian government. Any objects identified by U.S. Customs inspectors as originating in Sipdn and lacking a Peruvian export permit can be seized and returned to Peru. The U, S. Information Agencyimposed the ‘ban after it was recommended almost unanimously by the President's Cul- tural Property Advisory Committee. ‘The committee's report quotes heavily from the 1988 articles by Walter Alva and Christopher Donnan. ‘Committee Chairman Michael Kelly said that "scientific excavation in the [Sipan] area sseriously threatened bylooters with ‘gold fever’ and middle~ men who are able to casily sell such ar- tifacts in the international art market.OshKosh sportswear. Because life becomes clearer when you dont watch it through a window. ome people need to find themselves a quiet place out in the fresh air and open country. It them sane. That's why OshKosh” has created a rugged line of men’s sportswear made with all natural otton and fibers. Clothing tailored for wherever your personal search may take you. ‘And now, both OshKosh and Sears will be donating toThe Nature ancy to help preserve our nation’ natural environme! lothing for the great outdoors, it’s only fitting we help make sure thé always a pla Pants $24-$32, Sweaters $35-845, Shirts $23-$28 and Outerwear $35-$125. Find yourself in OshKosh men’ sportswear. Exclusively at Sears SEARS oereimburse « release print resim-burse (t€-In-birs) -bursed, -burs-ing, -burs-es vt. Tepty 2. togive monetary compensation fr luss o expenses sein fan) 1 often pla narrow leather sap atached on both ends to the bit of «horse's bridle that used by a ide for conuol 2 ‘method of restining or keeping in check -¥t. 1 t guide or hold back 2 € provide with teins. 1. slow down of stop a bose ‘with reins 2 to rst or one the action of sein-deer (rier) large deer, (Ranger tarandus) related vo the ‘caribou, and originally from certain artic regions including Greenland, having branched anders reinforce (infos) vt Lo make more forceful or effective as ‘an argument 2. to strengehen with additional tloops or military {equipment 3. to strengthen 4. to increase che numberof S10 feward a subjec after 4 desired response has been elicited -vi to ‘obtain reinforcements —rein-oree-able ad. reinforced concrete 9 poured concrete that contains steel bas ot al neting forthe purpose of increasing its tensile strength rerin-force-ment (-en-forsmone) m-Lethe act of reinforcing or of ‘being reinforced 2. thc which reinforces 3, pl. aditiona traps oF nilltary equipment reins (na) mpl. the kidneys rerin-state ((ecn-st0) -stat-ed, -stat-ing 1 co bring back ino Toe 2. to cestoe toa former condition or postion —rein-state- meat recineaure (r2-in-shd’) vt 1. to insure agsin 2. to insure by ‘contracting to tansfer all or pae ofa risk to another insurer -¥. (0 provide wddienal insurance —resin-surer sbsin-ter- pect (6-0-9 prod) vt interpret again in order to give a ‘new explanation of —reviner-pre-ta-tion revin-vent (cé-in-vEnt) vt 1. to make something believed to be ‘original that has already een invented 2. to trally redo —re ein-vest (1-983) Wt 0 invest capital or earings again —re-in- resissue (81-0) v0 emerge again oc issue agua a second ‘or subsequent isue, a of a book reiterate (@-(¢-9r0 sated, -ating v0 say aguin —resiter-ae tion 2-—reiverative ad) —reitverativedy adv resjct(cjeht) Io telnet make use of 2. offs co grant ‘deny 3 0 rebuff show of affection 4 to throw out 38 unworthy oF Uefective —rejectingly sov. —rejec-tive ad) reject (fe jeho) 7. something that has been rejected ‘evolve (Fj) veo be happy -vt to laden Fesjoicsing (-ois-ngin 1 the act of expressing or feeling joy 2 ‘often pl an event or reason fo joy rejoin (join) joined, joining joins v1.0 join cogether again 2 to reunite with a with the members of 4 group -M. to become joined together again rejoinder (cj) nL. an answer 2. defendant's answer toa plaintifs claim esjucvesnate (10-¥2-nit) nated, nating v1. wo make one fee! ‘or look young again 2 10 make something appeut new or fresh gain 3. ro develop a vernal topography “vl. to undergo rjuvencscence syn see renew —re juve rexjusvernesccence (l-v3-n€5-9n8) renewal ‘ot temperament rejuvenation —re-jusvene-see reslaps ed, -laps-ing. lap ‘becoming worse 2. a recurrence of symptom after recovery fom a particular illness “vk to fevert to 4 former sae regres relapsing fever n, any of vatious acute infectious dieases caused by 'spirachete (genus Bortlis) tansmited by ick oF lice bites with fepeated episodes of fever and chills lasting approximately one dating v1. «recounting or telling 2. 0 ‘show « connection or asccation exits ‘mI. have some type of “connection: refer 2. to ieract sith 3 to havea Favorable response to—relateable og elated (4 1¥ id) ag I associated with 2. conneeced by kinship or ‘matriage 3. having a close connection either harmonically oF Imelodieally —re-lat-edly ad —related-ness ” relation (relk-shon) A. La recounting or telling 2 that which is Told: account 3. logcl of natural unscuation berweca two of mote things 4. connection of individuals by blood or mariage: kinship S.an individual connected with ochers by blood or mariage {elative 6p. the connections or tansactions betatcen group 7. ‘that which connects two or more things or parts a belanging oF ‘working together 8 an atitude held by eo oF mote people cowards ‘cach other 9. the mode ia which an individual of object is ‘omnected with another relastion-al (shana) ag 1 arising fom or eating to kinship 2. showing thac relations exist 3, indieation of a syntactic relation relatiomalty adv. resastion-ship ce--shan-ship) m1. the state of being related 2, ‘connection By blood or marrage: kinship 3 a situation ex mong people who ae related oe are dealing with one another, 451 romantic atachment relative (--tv) M1 something chat has connection with of ‘dependence on another thing 2 one related by common ancestry 3 {word that efersto or qualifies asa grammatical antecedent -a. televant, germane 2. compared of related to something else 3 tmajoc and minor keys and seals that have the sarme Key sigature fr deseribed as the ratio of 4 specified quantity to the total magnitude ofthe quantities involved relative humidity nthe ratio of the actual amount of water vapor in the air ata specific temperature tothe greatest amount of water vapor posible atthe temperature relactivedy (2-1-2) av to elatve degre: somewhat relative major in music, the major key whose tonic is the third ‘Seqree ofa pacicular minor key relative minor in music, the minor key whose conic is the sixch ‘Segree ofa particular major key 'v-iz-am) a. 1. any theory of ethics oF Tenowledge which mainesine thatthe basi f judgement is relative difering according to events or individuals 2 2 view that ethical truths are dependent upon the individuals and groups holding them 3 tlatiiey tivsint(e1-2-t-vist) m1. one who embraces relativism 2. a Dhvsicie who specializes inthe theories of relativity rekartivistic (e-2-ti-istTe) ad 1 pertaining co relativism 2 ‘moving a 4 velocity that isa significant fraction of the speed of hight le visty (e8htv-e-8) tes a1 the condition 0 quality of ing relative 2.x sate of dependence in which the significance or existence of one entity is completely dependent on that of another 3 the theory of ela selasor (ao none who recounts or raeates ‘relax (H-l0ks) v1 co loosen 2 to make less stict or severe 3. w9 Tessen the sticngth of 4 1 release fiom extreme effort or concer “1 to become lose or les firm 2. to become less severe 3. (0 become less nervous in the presence of others 4. ro seek a respite fiom effor, concer of work S.to atin an equibriam following the removal of an external influence —redaxcer n.—reclaxeacle Jak-sone) a, producing relaxation -n. something that relaxcation (-dk-sshon) 1. the act of relaxing o state of being ‘relaxed 2 activity of a recreational nature: diversion 3. a lessening Of strictness or severity 4. a lengthening of inactive muscle oF ‘muscle fiber 5 the return ofa system to its original state ater being pereubed relaxation time n, the amount of time it takes for an exponential ‘ale to decrease to Ie (0.68) of iil value relaxed (flhst) ah 1. not harsh oe strict 2. a e3¢ 3. behaving in ‘informal or easygiing way —re-laxcedsly ad. ~ relaxed-nes relay (15). fesh supply of animals meant to relieve others Tired by a hunt of journey 2. group of workers who relieve another ‘few 8 che act of passing something slong in stages from one person, Rtoup of station to another 4 an clectromagnetic device thar is activated by a change in conditions ofan electric circuit and that turns other electreal devices on of off -¥ . to convey by ‘relays 2m provide with fresh relays 3 2 contol, send oe operate byarely relay race na ace between two o¢ more teams during which each ‘eam member rus only a set pat ofthe race release (cles) leased, leasing v1. wo ec fee fiom a restitive Sicuation 2. to unfasten oft goof 3. to give up for another 4 9 ‘ve permission to publish, show, sell or pesform 5 wo relieve from ‘cbc or other obligation ayn. ace Free "mL. elie from pain or sffering 2. the giving up of right ot lain 3 the acto freeing 4 ‘atement or other mater specially prepare forthe press release (e1es) leased, -leaing, leases Vi (0 lease again ‘elonse peat ns fm cleased fr pubic viewing, (Devmimenitanstercain a lap, apple /a say /4 r/c hair /b bubbub /ch chair, scrunch /d dance / set/€ see /€ ear / 4, phone / fzdog /h happen /Tit/ tide, bye /j joke /k bake, east bell m meer /n know, when / ng ring / hot / 0 stone, doe / 6 claw, eaugherecdeas-er e490 that which leases Felergate (cls) -gted gating, gates WI. o send away to 3 specied pace: banish 2 assign oan inferior position 3. to sve authority toanodher resdent (lent) 1 oct less Yevere otc manner 2. le wp slacken relentless (lens) af. peninens harsh relentless Sy ach —reentleseness n. relevance (einen) M1. petinence 2 valve i the context of “pplication to socal standards 3. the ability of an iforoation ‘evival system t allo the user to select and uve material that satis the users need relevant (r2f-orvont) ad) germane fo the matter at hand ‘eninent —reke-vantly oh redvarbilcay tritcrbil- one) m1. the state or acibute of being ‘elale 2 the degre which the same resus te obtained Suing foecessve experiments = ter procedures ene hae whichean betnaed or rch direct on dependable weable 2. "The Honda Givie Dace Sedan —revably ac reliance teit-ans) m1. the at of rehing Or the state of being Teliant 21 person or thing relied on 8. confidence or trust Someone —reseantly a relic (tik) I's person or thing that has survived decay of deterioration 2 an object venerated becaise of ge or amvcation with another keepsake 3. peop: remins 4. bell or custom Femaining ay evidence ofa eator culture o practice rebdet (EF) nL widow 2 a surviving semeant ofan otherwise fxn onan or specie 3.4 gelogeal remnant remaining fcr ‘Sher pars ave soe ay “0 selning toe ein reiom (illkshon) I the radu recession of water esaleing Vo permanency dry and 2. land exponed by elcion rele (let) ns removal of lssening of something painful or topsetng 2. that which lens pain or aiey raid he form of money of neestitis 4. nity sid oan endangered post or force the ending or avoidance of monutony or Boredom 6 flease fom Alay 7. ane wh eens place of sat om duty Bshepess oF ‘omience resuking fom const resi (ele) ag) 1. providing relief 2. having significant ‘equatis alg these 3, wed in leterpres reli map ns map that shows land configurations sing encour Ties, shading color reli pitcher'ms Becball picher who replaces another during a Clit pining rele printing .leverpess Felleve lev lieved sieving, eves vt 1.0 give ado lp co. Wosllevite pin or toe 3 else fom an plcsane stain deo coos ie tokeal ef vente sesedane thc rman of tone conta to ncentiate 7 take fom Le offer ele 2 tostand ut in rebel —-retien-able oh —relew-ern relieved (leu) a) expericncing eli feciogion (jon) me he the belief in a supernatural entcy Texponsbl for ceaing the universe 2. devaion or camntncnt © ‘eliious faith or observance 3 an individual or collecave set of Telos Bei nd practices 4s cute or cal followed fatally seligus (lon ag -reating in some wry to lgon 2. pas pls petwon who Belongy tos communy or order of mass ions elie 181i 1 so nd new ines 60:2. oil new lining felnequish(e-i-kwnh) squished, “auishsing quishes 10 et bak sbiade fs reconnce 2-to top felting on tbr go of Fiyscaly4:co give up contal of —relarquiab-ment ary (eh-a-kwer-€) -guaeses ns box, shrine of other coniner or kecping or showing is robish (ee sh) hs grea enthusiasm for something: 3 iking 2. Something tha offers pleasure or enjoyment & the distinctive favor of food 4.4 trace or bine of an important atenbute 8 & Condiment with a spy or s¥0ry favor siahed, bring Io co Tike, eny 2. coke wmething’s favor Sco ive a cuicaive Myer tot whavc an agreeable iste —reliabeable ah reclve fell) to experience again an event or fecling fram the ie ening she engines ol) releaser # reminiscence relo-cate (1-15-ki0)-cated, £4 Place “vo become established ata new loation —reloreastion reloceatee (rélokit-2) one who has been relocated reluscent (rlas-ant) ac celecting light bright reset (ihr) WL. to strgale aguinst 2.10 show reluctance oF ‘oppesicion rese-tance (1K-t998) nthe sate of being celucant or unwilling ~redlue-taney n reluestant(cilDK°con®) ad 1. opposed to: unwiling 2. marked by ‘unwillingness 3. ofering resistance —recuc-tantly adv. re-lucetivsiety (ciel k-tIV-a-te) 0. the reciprocal of magnetic permeabily reslume (clint) lumed, -lum-ing vt 1. co make bright again 2 rekindle rely (cI) led, -Iy-ing, ies vt 1. wo depend on, 2. to east; have ‘confidence in rem (28m) [H(ocntgen) e(quivslent in) man). the amount of Tonizing radiation required to eause the same biological effect approsimately equal ro one roentgen of high: penetration Xrays REM (em) R(APID) EYE) M(OVEMENT) n. The rapid, Jerky ‘e.€ movement that occurs during the dreaming stages of the sleep ovele reemain (s-ma) v1 stay or be left over after others have gone 72. goon without change 3. to cemain in order to be dele with tw listor persist resmainder (€-mi-dor) nt, that which is leftover after other ‘parts have been taken away. 2. what is left when one umber is Sivided by another thats not one of ies factors 3. what is elt when a smaller number is subtracted from a larger one 4. 4 book femaining wich «publisher aftersales have fallen of that i soldat 2 reduced price vt to sell sa feminder remake (rik) w to make again resmake (mak) n. something made again, such as & motion picture re-mand (ci-mind?) vt 1 to send or require to go back 2. Law. 00 ‘send back ito custody, oft senda case hack ts lower court —n, Inthe state or at of being remanded 2.2 remanded individual resmacnence (réni->nants) in physics. the magnetic Mux that emai ina materal after the magnetizing free as been femmoved resmavnent(re-e-nent) ag remaining remark (ci-mark) mI. the act of noticing and commenting 2. ‘etbalized comment oF opinion -¥t 1. to notice 2. to verbalize & comment or opinion to make a comment or express an opinion. re-mark-able (ri-mir-ke-bal) ag). 1. worthy of notice 2. ‘extatdinary —re-mark-able-ness 2-—remark-ably adv resmargue (ti-mirk) La math made in the margin of an ‘engraving plate to indicate ts stage of development and that “appears only on proofs 2.4 print, poo or plate with chs mark seomanter ("emit ve tocreate 4 new master of Fesmatch (mich) fa second match between the ame opponents Femediale siméd2->.ba) ag able to he remedied remedial (simed-e-al) a 1 proving a remedy 2. intended 19 Thelp students imprive thew academic sanding —-re-me-di-ally aa reme-di-a-tion ii-méd-¢-a-shon) nthe act of remedying remedy (rém-a0-2) -dies 21. something therapeutic forthe relief ‘of pain or care for disease 2, something thar corrects 84 legal ‘cits t enforce aight orto prevent or comet a wrong -¥t Ayeing 1. to improve or eure. 2 to put rghe rermemsber (riimém-bar) -hered, -ber-ing vt 1. co think of ‘something again 2. to revolect 3. to keep carefully in memory x0 3s ‘ot to forget 4 0 Keep an individual im mind for recognition 8.10 ‘Scnd regatds ftom another -v to hive or use memory remembrance (i-mémbrans) ni. a remembering 2. the state of being remembered 3. an occasion during which the memory of an individual or event is honoted 4 the petod of ine over which one recalls or remembers 5. an tem that feminds ue of eran, thing rem-ites (r8m->-j€2) np. sing. remeex (rem-eks) the g Teathers located on a binds wing recmind (remind) ~miad-ed, minding, minds ¥. wo cause to reminisce (0-916) -nisced, nise‘ing, nise-es vit reall oF "alk about pas experience rem-ninc-ence (en->-nit-ans) m1 the act of rcollectng the pase ‘2. something that remembered 8. pl. a tetelling of past ‘experiences 4 something tha eminds one of something simila (61 soy. poise / db book /0 snooze, through [ou pout/p pep /# Fun s less soon /sh shell session /e tll /th thick, lath /h that/ dunder, some / dr worm, surge / issue /« very / w wonder /y yur] 2 xylophone, zest 2h teasure /» around, pageant, w lop los / ae wanderone! EUnet none Koko at Play Outdoors: She Needs Her Space ‘oko, the world’s most famous talking” gorill away. Andshe has ‘enclosure tha roam and provides her with mor trol over her life According to Francine (Penny) Pa terson, Koko’s mentor sationalist, the 19-year-old. lowland gorilla has an 800-word vocabulary in American Sign Language (Gro Grariic, October 1978). The new enclosure was built by the Gorilla | Foundation of Woodside, California, where Koko lives. Now she can choose when she wants to be with her male wanion, Michael, says Patterson. he female controls the mating process. In the wild the female would decide when she wanted to be in prox imity tothe male Patterson explains. ‘We're trying to give Koko the same control she would have in the natural state.” But, to Pattersons disappoint ment, Koko and Michael haven't mated in the 14 years they've been together, “They appear to have a sib- ling relationship rather than a mating relationship. She is extremely jealous of him. Koko still has an affection for cats. Her newest “soft cat” is Smoky, a half sister of the late, lamented All Ball (Geooraruic, January 1985), killed by ‘Smoky and Koko get aloi wonderfully,” says Patterson, “but no cat could ever replace All Ball Celestial Rock Group | Has a Place in the Sky he Beatles long were rock stars of the highest magnitude. Now they're asteroids as well Brian A. Skiff and Edward Bowell of Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, | Arizona, discovered four new aster- | ‘oids—small, rocky planets that orbit | the sun between Mars and Jupiter— during a I term photographic sur vey of the asteroid belt. After confirm ing their orbits and having them Oldest Known Maya: Not Quite So Old oldest known Maya turns out tobe younger than archaeologists originally believed The remains of a woman found belowalayered platformat asite called Cuello in northern Belize had been thought tobemore than 4,000 years old (Geocrarmic, July 1982), Asa result of ing methods, about a thousand officially numbered by the Interna tional Astronomical Union, Skiff and Bowell named them after the four Liverpudlians: Asteroid 4147 became Lennon, 4148 McCartney, 4149 Harri son, and 4150 Starr. They range from five to ten miles in diameter It is the right of the discoverer to give asteroids a name,” says Bowell ‘Comets are named after their discoverers, stars and galaxies al most always get num: bers, craters and other featureson planetsand their satellites ean be named only after dead persons. Because we had four numbers in a row, a colleague si gested we name them after the Beatles, This is not the first time the Beatles have been immortalized in science. the famous hominid skeleton (Grosrarmic, December 1976), was ed for their song “Lucy in the Sky monds. Lucy with E years have been trimmed from the chronology. Norman Hammond of Boston University, who began digging at Cuello in the 1970s, says the remains now are believed tobe from about 1200 a.c.,stillearlier than any other known ttlement The accelerator mass spectrometer allows sciemtists to analyze the bones of the ancient Maya without severely ing them. The new technique can date carbon samples weighing only a few milligrams: aspecimen the sizeof amatch head will do Excavations this year have revealed many more burials at Cuello from alat er period, 700 n.c, to 500 n.c. Among the remains were children with rich adornments, including hundreds of white and red shell beads. The redshell came from a species of spiny oyster treasured by the Maya foritsblood-like color. Tiny jade beads (above), origi nating in central Guatemala ‘earliest known from the Maya area. Shell scraps show that craftsmen practiced their kills at Cuello. The lav ish child burials suggest that the Maya passed along social rank and wealth through inheritance, Hammond says.serge pilencatadl The numbers outside, _ i eseGEOGRAPHICA Tureen wears RE ans NOVEMBER 1990 Ash from a Volcano: It May Remain Aloft he 1982 eruption of Mexico's El Chichén volcano sent vast quai Lies of ash high into the strato- sphere (Grocraric, November 1982). If a University of New Mexico scientist iscorrect, what went up hast all;come down just yet. Most scientists assume that voleanic ash falls to earth within a year or two after an eruption. But Frans J.M. ‘Rictmeijer says there is evidence that ‘tiny particles collected in 1985 by abal- Joon above Palestine, Texas, had been ejected by El Chichén. What's more, hebelieves that because volcanic parti cles are flat and fall more slowly than spherical particles, they may remain aloft fora hundred years or more. Inastudy led by James Amoldof the University of California at San Diego, the balloon was designed to collect par- ticles of meteoric origin. It took sam- ples of the air at an altitude of 35 Kilometers—near the top of El Chi- chén's plume of ash. Rietmeijer says the particles he analyzed chemically ‘match the ash from the volcano. Kuwait: An Economic Oasis Watered by Oil ; Then Iraq invaded Kuwait in ‘August, it expanded its shore- line on the Persian Gulf from 18 to nearly 200 miles, gained four refin- eries and six ports, such as Shuaiba (above), and added nearly 95 billion barrels ofpetroleumreservestoitsown stock of 100 billion barrels. Iraq's designs on its tiny, 6,880- square-mile neighbor re nothing new. ‘Kuwait came under British protection in 1899 and gained full independence in 1961. The new country wasimmedi- ately claimed by Iraq, which contended that it had held sway over the region during the Ottoman Empire, before British intervention. Although Iraq eventually recognized Kuwait's auton- ‘omy, clashes on the border continued throughout the 1970s, Business. savvy has distinguished Kuwait among Persian Gulf countries {article and foldout map, GzocraPnic, May 1988). It invested in foreign real estate and broadened its industrial base with the use ofimported managers and workers. A Palestinians, Egyptians, and other for- cigners has made Kuwaitis a minority in their own nation, A broad array of educational and social welfare pro- grams have given them one of the ‘world’s highest standards of living. In Least Auklet Society, Color Matters Most irom May to August large colonies of robin-size birds called least auklets gather on the rocky shore- lines of Alaska's Pribilof Islands to breed. During this breeding season the feathering on their underparts ranges in color from almost white to nearly black (lower left). Tan L, Jones, who has been studying the birds for several years with support from the National Geographic Society, thinks he knows one reason for this variation in color. Itis, he says, asignal of abird’s status. Jones, who conducted the study asa graduate student at Queen's Univer- sity in Kingston, Ontario, found that thelighter the plumage, the more dom- inant the bird. Those with whiter ‘underparts were more likely to obtain nesting sites and were more successful in defending those sites in fights with ‘other auklets with darker plumage. “The auklet with lighter plumage ‘won more than 75 percent of the time,” Jones said. In fact when model birds ‘with white underparts were placed on nesting sites, auklets with darker plum- ‘age tended to avoid them. ‘Scientists have found a few other species of birds in which color serves.as a signal of social status. But least auk- Jets are unique, says Jones. In all other known cases the dominant birds were those with darker feathers, ‘Suggestions for Grocrariica may be submitted to Boris Weintraub, National Geographic Magazine, Box 37357, Washington, D.C, 20036, and should include the sender's address and tele- phone number.| bee ae 4 intel sec The computer hide Since buying a computer today that's i investing over $1 billion this is such a numbers game, here’s 4 yearito make sure the computer si ile of thumb. Look fe “inside your comiputer has the tech: 386" SX, 486"or 486"on the outside nology, powerand compatibility to to be certain that you have Intel take you into the future. technology on the inside, From theCITIZENS FOR NUCLEAR ENERGY Nuclear energy is one of the cleanest, most abundant sources of electricity in America And that makes nuclear energy very popular among citizens from all walks of life Nuclear electric plants enerate electricity cleanly without polluting the atmo- sphere. In fact, nuclear energy helps reduce airborne pollutants in the U.S. by over 19,000 tons every day And because nuclear ctric plants don’t emit bon dioxide, they don't add to the greenhouse effect, potential global warming and its adverse effect on the envi- ronment and our quality of life. America’s 112 nuclear electric plants are our second largest source of electricity But they won't meet the el demands of a growing popu- lation and economy. We need more plants For free booklets on nuclear energy and the envi- ronment, write: U.S. Council for Energy Awareness, RO. Box 66080, Dept. C104 Washington, D.C. 20035 US. COUNCIL FOR ENERGY AWARENESS Nuclear energy for energy independence and a cleaner Earth.ake Christmas shopping easy this year with a gift that will please everyone! Friends and relatives. Students and business associates. History bufi’s and photographers. Indeed, almost everyone on your gift list will welcome NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC. It’s a lot of gift for only $21 To give memberships this holiday season, complete the attached form and mail with dues in the envelope provided. We'll send a personalized gift card to each recipient, at your request. For rates outside the U.S., see the attached form. If the form is missing, write to the Society at the address below. NATIONAL a Bi i GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036 US.A. Order now for Christmas giving.OFE-CAMERA WILE: Would you Say you know a lot about cars 7 MAN: Yep, Ore-camera voce: Bll me, iFyou could trade your all-whee| drive Gagle Talon — for any otsercar in the world, what would tt be ? man: A mistake , (mvsic) Advantage: Eagle © Chrysler Newest DivisionFORUM Florida’s Imperiled Coral Reefs As a marine ecologist who has studied Florida reefs since 1974, I was in complete agreement with your article (July). In my opinion the reefs will never be preserved until the entire landscape and seascape ecosystem is managed by one authority and economics is placed second to ecology. One way would be to govern the Keys as if they were a national forest and grandfather out detrimental activities. Coral reefsare the oldest, most diverse, and most productive ecosystems in the sea. Hu- ‘mans could learn much about how to structure the flow of energy and materials in society by studying their dynamics. If they die, we lose not only their beauty but also the information they contain. Putt Dustan College of Charleston South Carolina When I took a scuba-diving class, I was shocked that the instructor never mentioned that stepping ‘onorsimply touching coral could damage orkillit This particular dive shop certifies about a thou- sand divers a year. Think of all the shops around the world that offer certification classes. I would add to their programs a section on coral-reef pres- ervation, so that divers would be less carcless about where they put their hands and feet. Lisa M. Kine Hauula, Hawaii The Caribbean Aquatic Animal Health Project is following the problem of coral-reef bleaching in the Caribbean and around the world. This phe- nomenon may be an indicator of deterioration and/or global changes. It results from the loss of photosymbiotic microorganisms that live in corals, sea fans, sea anemones, and sponges, providing their animal hosts with food, waste removal, res- piration, sunscreen, and color. When the microor- ganisms die, hosts appear faded or stark white. Bleached coral, like this brain coral off the Puerto Rico coast, may die or slowly regain microorganisms and recover. We would appreciate receiving reports on observa- tions of coral bleaching from your readers Ernest H. WILLIAMS, JR. Department of Marine Sciences University of Puerto Rico, Lajas Last year we saved property and casualty customers $50 million in workers’ compensation medical costs. ‘CIGNA Comrananas Pavers a Casha Itance Dare RS, Puaneiraia, PA 9192 Our flexible approach to managed health care helped save one of our clients $32 million last year. ‘CIGNA Comravies Exrtover Busarrrs Dre Ra Hanrvono, CT We get paid for results: FSTENNInpension management our commitment to service has led to client and asset retention rates of 93%. 1GNA Comanies Pensions aerrono, CT 00152 Our investment professionals manage over $36 billion in assets worldwide. ‘CIGNA Conasts Invesramers ‘Dure Ré,Hantiono, CT 06152 We get paid for results: STEN I don’t think any state-funded park should be dominated by acommercial enterprise, such as the concession boats at Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park. After the boats begin operating in the morn- ing, South Creek turns brown, and the tide often carries this turbid water out past the reefs. Diesel spills that occur during fueling spread through the mangroves. Commercial fishermen also leave lines, nets, and plastic bags tangled on the coral. We must make individual efforts to bring about change. Our grandchildren deserve the same natu- ral wonders that have fascinated us, not just an old photograph of how it used to be. Ken WILLIAMS Theodore, Alabama ‘There was no mention of the creation of artificial reefs on which coral may attach itself and grow. One of the most unusual of these situations came about in 1988, My husband, a retired World War II naval officer, participated in the sinking of his first ship, the U.S.S, Rankin, off Stuart, Florida, where it will become one of the world’s largest artificial reefs. Hairlike algae and coral encrustation began, building up almost immediately. ‘Orat. NestiNcEeN LaCrosse, Wisconsin Thave been diving all over Florida since the 1960s and have seen the tremendous devastation and decline of our natural underwater wonders. I just hope that some of our politicians read Nationa Grocrapiic and that we aren’t too late. Harry R. JaMes, JR Jacksonville, Florida South Florida Waters In the July issue you excelled in taking a compl cated subject and covering it extremely well, but the commenton page 104about the release of fresh water into Barnes Sound “temporarily wiping out this marine breeding ground for shrimp and fish” would better have said marine “nursery” ground. Biologists generally agree that marine shrimp and ‘most marine fish spawn in offshore waters. By the way, Florida isnot the only state facing water prob- Jems. The saying here in Texas is that “whiskey is for drinking and water is for fighting for. Ricarp E. TILLMAN Texas Agricultural Extension Service Rockport, Texas Most people in South Florida are still unaware of the severity of the water problem. They believe that once the rains begin again, the problem is solved. Wrong! More people moving here means the likelihood of more severe shortages. In Broward County alone, development is the third largest industry. It has encroached to the buffer zone of the Everglades itself, and a battle is ensu- ing over whether development should have the National Geographic, November 1990Accept no substitutes. At the end of the day, only one thing really matters. Not how hard you worked. Or how long you worked. But what you accomplished. We're speaking, of course, about results. Simply put, the difference between merely pa ig a customer or truly satisfying him. By consistently providing our customers with results, we have become one of the world’s largest insurance and financial services organizations. With locations in over 65 countries. By providing results, we’ve established the leading employee life and health benefits company in the nation. And have grown our clients’ retirement plan assets to over $26 billion. In similar fashion, we've become one of the world’s foremost property and casualty insurers. But no matter which CIGNA company you work with, you’ll find that our people listen harder, work smarter and respond faster. They have to. Because while there may be a substitute for many things, we’ve never heard of a reasonable facsimile for results. Write the CIGNA Companies, Dept. R7, Philadelphia, PA 19192. ‘We'll show you exactly how important results can be to the successful care and feeding of your business. We get paid for results. Prorenry ano CASUALTY INSURANCE + Eartovae BENE « Pension aND INVESTMENTand. In the state legislature a bill designed to clean up the Everglades by cleansing polluted agricultur- al runoff was killed on the last day of the session. Metinpa Muraisit Pompano Beach, Florida ‘There is another watershed in South Florida in trouble. The Peace River to the west of the mid- Florida ridge flows through phosphate deposits and has been despoiled by phosphate mining for a century. It is the source of drinking water for Ven- ice, North Port, Port Charlotte, and Punta Gorda jarasota is rapidly pumping its wells dry, and four counties in the area are beginning to fight over Peace River water rights. Yet in the face of short- age, a new phosphate processing/power plant, which will use millions of gallons of water daily, is being built on a tributary of the Peace Ropert FRIEDMANN Port Charlotte, Florida “Let it run about ten minutes; it'll get hot.” This was the response from the front desk of a major hotel in Naples, Florida, last winter when I asked about the lack of hot water in the shower. We stayed there a week, and I'm ashamed to think of how much water we (and other guests, I'm sure) wasted in that period. If this is conservation, the people of Florida have more of a problem than they realize. Jou F. HEINE Peoria, Ilinois Pacific Salmon How fitting that you would produce an article on. salmon (July). Asthe PacificNorthwest findsitself in need of new sources of income, fisheries could help fill the gap. But I was disappointed to find no references to the mammoth efforts of private, grass-roots organizations such as the Grays Ha bor Fisheries Enhancement Task Force, Long Live the Kings, Adopt A Stream, and Trout Unlimited. These groups are continually rehabili- tating streams and replacing native stocks, an amazing investment considering that what goes in may not come back. R. Troy Cottey Grays Harbor Conservation District Montesano, Washington You did not emphasize the problem of drift nets enough. That is another unpleasant chapter that shouldbe told in the incredible story of thesalmon. Witt T. CHapwick Eustis, Florida The Pacific salmon may belong to the countries of origin, as claimed by Japan, Canada, and the U.S., but the food they consume is definitely ternational. Korea and Taiwan may not have a aim to the salmon, but the salmon’s food is as much theirsas anyone's. Do the countries of origin i Loa The new Canon E57 is simply a winner.at least pay for the “grazingrights” that bring them so much economic benefit? RicHarp WeATHERILL Sidney, British Columbia ‘The article was entirely too upbeat. Old guys sit around my shop telling tales of how in their youth they had diving boards on small local creeks off Humboldt Bay and how in the deep pools where the water stayed cold, the smolt were like clouds waiting for the fall rains to carry them out to sea, They can't find these holes now that logging has caused the hillsides to slide down and change the whole stream ecosystem. In my opinion the logging industry should be held responsible for returning the watersheds to productive fisheries. BRIAN J. FEDERICI Arcata, California Emeralds Applause to Fred Ward. His expressive words and photographs gave the reader the feeling of being with him in his search for emeralds (July). This, goes into the category of things you always wanted to know but never took the time to research. FRaNces DURHAM Odessa, Texas Leafing through a past issue recently, !admired a gold-and-emerald cross found in the Léth-century Spanish shipwreck San Pedro (July 1971). Seeing the cross from the Spanish galleon Atocha on page 38 of this July’s issue, I experienced déja vu. Don't tell me that the early Spaniards had to endure look-alike jewelry. Rictarp K. Youns Houston, Texas Indeed they did. The two crosses and others like them were crafted in Indian workshops in Colom bia for European customers. Unfortunately, the San Pedro cross was stolen from the Bermuda Mar- itime Museum in 1975 and has not been recovered. Tam amazed thatsomeone could learn theemerald industry so well in such a short time—and be able toconvey itso vividly. [have been in the gemstone industry for many years, but this story gave me a new perspective Cuter Kremkow Director, ICA Gembureau New York, New York ‘The implication that the globe from the Iranian crown jewels was made entirely from “treasures wrested from India’s Great Mogul” is not correct. ‘The globe was commissioned by the Qajar ruler Naser al Din Shah in 1874-75 to collect some of the loose stones in the royal treasury. It is likely that some of the stones are from the invasion of India, but by no means all. FaTHAL! GHAHREMANI-GHADIAR New York, New York In fact, the E57 is so full of features, yet so fully automatic, it can turn any moment into winning video. Its 10x power zoom lens gets you imagination to catch action from hard-to-reach ai Teeven has a wire more convenient, Make sure all your video moments ar dealer and check out the new Canon E: Canon Sere Jose when you're far away. It comes with an attachable video light for beautiful color rendition while 3 shooting in low light situations. The 180°FlexiGrig" lets you use yo s. And Canon's exper lens crafting means sharp, brilliant color images every time. 55 remote So recording and playback are ners Visit your Canon ‘8mm camcorder.Life on Hawaii’s Volcanoes Thank you for the beautiful article on “Hawaii's Volcanic Cradle of Life” (July). Unfortunately the state of Hawaii has targeted the Puna Forest Reserve for development of geothermal energy. Experts debate how much of the rain forest will actually be destroyed. Substantial acreage already hasbeen bulldozed. Introduced weeds are spread- ing. Soon the lovely landscape painting will be inaccurate unless it depicts the massive indus- trialization that will replace much of Puna’s cradle of life Wituam D. Sarre Wailuku, Hawaii The author fails to mention the destruction of habi- tat by resort and golf-course developers, cattle farmers, and feral ungulates. These have led tothe endangerment of many Hawaiian plant and animal species. If they aren’t controlled, then Hawaii i destined to end up like her sister islands to the northwest—a few small stands of native habitat surrounded by concrete clear-cuts MARK FASCHING Port Angeles, Washington Geographica Aboutthe spread of kudzu (July), [have great rafts of it climbing the Palisades less than a block from my home. I have also observed the vine growing thick and furious on the Peconic Bay side of South- ampton, Long Island, My stepfather’s gardener,supposing it to be a grapevine, transplanted it to the base of a telephone pole. I'm afraid of the po- tential for erosion in the Palisades and property damage in the Hamptons, where goats are unlikely tobe viewed asa viable solution. Laurence J. Lusin North Bergen, New Jersey Moche Art In my article “Masterworks of Art” (June) some objects were illustrated without indicating their source. Itis important to acknowledge the cooper- ation we received from Peruvian collectors and to tell readers where objects are located. ‘CuisropHeR B. DoNNAN Los Angeles, California We regret that some credits were inadvertently omit- ted: Museo Nacional de Arqueologia y Antropolo- gia, Lima (pages 18, bottom, and 30, bottom); Museo Arqueolégico Rafael Larco Herrera, Lima (pages 29 and 30, top); Banco Wiese, Lima (page 16); Asociacién Cultural Enrico Poli, Lima (pages 18, top, 19, 23, and 31); Coleccién Raiil Apeste- guia, Lima (pages 17, 22, and 28). Letters should be addressed to ForuM, National Geo- graphic Magazine, Box 3748, Washington, D. 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You'll also feel good heeause you're doing something positive for yoursell So. discover the excitement of Nowdic Track today, and start taking positive strides towards a lifetime of wellness! Noraicfrack’ ‘ACME Company Coren er cans FREE VIDEO:«: 1-800-328-5888 233k FROM THE EDITOR Antarctica: the New Challenge EW REGIONS of the earth seem to hold greater fascination for GEOGRAPHIC readers than do the Poles, both North and South. In its 103-year history the Society has published more than 50 articles on the polar regions, beginning with the Arctic voyage of the U.S.S. Thetis in 1890 and includ- ing Robert E. Peary’s momentous discovery of the North Pole in 1909 and Roald Amundsen’s historic attainment of the South Pole two years later. The tradition continues in this month’s issue, with an account by Minnesotan Will Steger of the first traverse of Antarctica by dogsled. Under Steger and French polar explorer Jean- Louis Etienne, a six-man international team crossed the world’s most remote and inhospita- ble continent from Seal Nunataks on the Ant- arctic Peninsula, via the South Pole, to the Soviet Antarctic station at Mirnyy—a distance of 3,741 miles in the space of 220 grueling days. At the same time, Italian explorer Reinhold Messner and a German partner, Arved Fuchs, skied across Antarctica by a route roughly half as long, using kitelike sails to assist them. ‘Their account follows Steger's. Throughout their trek the Steger expedition laid special emphasis on environmental integ- rity to dramatize a point: The real Antarctic challenge is no longer one of conquest but one of preservation. Twenty-five nations now have a presence on the continent. A 1959 treaty established Antarctica as a “zone of peace” — forbidding military activity—and encouraged scientific research. This month in Santiago, Chile, the signa- tories of the treaty will hold a special meeting to discuss protection of the Antarctic environ- ment. Let us hope that in the face of sharply increasing tourism and the threat of pollution to Antarctic seas and coastal areas, they can agree upon a comprehensive plan In our efforts to safeguard this last great wilderness realm we might heed the line from Tennyson's “Ulysses,” inscribed on Robert Falcon Scott’s memorial cross on a hilltop above Hut Point in Antarctica: “To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.” DL (/