LET’S START!

Look at the pictures. Discuss how

these situations might help you to
UNIT 1
get your dream job.

Getting what
you want

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UNIT OBJECTIVES
 Listen to a meeting in the
workplace
Unit 1: Getting what you want

 Discuss ways to motivate

people in the workplace
 Read about available jobs in
classified ads
 Write a cover letter for a job
application
 Create a career
5
Do you always get what you want? Is it sometimes difficult questionnaire and
to get what you want? Why? interview people
 1 Lesson 1

LANGUAGE BUILDER
A Label the pictures with the words in the box. B Circle the correct answers.
1 People working in sales are usually
assertive extroverted introverted outgoing and quite extroverted /
compromise (lose) face optimistic introverted .
defensive get your own way pessimistic 2 If you don’t agree with a decision
at work, be defensive / assertive
It isn’t my fault. I and try to change it.
This isn’t going This is going to be
didn’t do anything 3 Our employees are never criticized
to work! really great!
wrong. in public. We don’t want them to
feel like they have got their own
1 2 3 way / lost face.
4 Our company is optimistic /
pessimistic about the economic
situation; it will improve.
   5 I can’t make the appointment on
Friday. Can we compromise /

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Let’s find the best lose face and do Thursday

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People will think I instead?
I want it! solution for both
can’t do my job!
of us. 6 The accountant was very

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defensive / pessimistic . He said it
4 5 6 wasn’t his mistake.
AT 7 That particular candidate was too
introverted / assertive . He
seemed unwilling to share
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information about himself.
  
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C Complete the article with

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I’m not happy with

I just love meeting words from A.
my beverage. I’m quite shy.
new people.
It’s cold.
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Are you looking for the perfect job?

You don’t have to be the most
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7 8 9 (1) person to find it.

(2) people have
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great skills, too, though they hide them

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better. You do however, need to be

(3) . Don’t be afraid
   to approach a company that hasn’t
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posted a job ad in the classifieds.

You won’t (4) if
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D Track 2 Listen and match each speaker with the idea that best the company says no. In fact, it could
describes them. There is one extra sentence you do not need to use. open a door.
When that door does open, don’t
Speaker 1 ¨ a would like to be more extroverted
expect to (5)
Speaker 2 ¨ b doesn’t think of him/herself as introverted
immediately. It takes time to work
Speaker 3 ¨ c is defensive about his/her career choice your way up the job ladder. And be
Speaker 4 ¨ d lost face in the eyes of his/her colleagues prepared to (6) on
Speaker 5 ¨ e likes to get his/her own way salary or holidays in the beginning.
f finds it extremely difficult to be assertive The most important thing is to stay
(7) . Positive thinking
will get you there in the end.
E Interview a partner.

1 Which of the adjectives in A would 4 What do you think is the best

WORD WORK
you use to describe yourself? Why? method for getting your own way?
B2.2

2 How would you describe a model
6 employee or employer?
3 Can you think of a situation where
you have lost face?
5 Is there anything in your life that
you wouldn’t compromise on?
6 When might you compromise?
lose face – feel ashamed and
embarrassed in front of your friends
or colleagues
save face – avoid feeling ashamed
or embarrassed in front of your
friends or colleagues
 1

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS I wish / If only

She’s working her way up the I wish my staff were more flexible.
ladder. I wish I had a bigger house and a better job.
I’ve got to keep my eye on the If only I didn’t have to work so far from home.
prize. If only I had worked harder at college and gotten a better degree.

F Circle the correct answers. G Tick the correct sentences. Correct the incorrect ones.

1 I wish / If only + present tense /
past tense expresses a regret
about the present.
2 I wish / If only + past tense /
past perfect tense expresses a
1 I wish I hadn’t had a second car. I can’t afford to run it now.

2 I wish I had more time. I’m always so busy with work.


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regret about the past. 3 We’re going to be late. I wish we left earlier.

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H Complete the sentences with 4 I don’t understand what they are saying. I wish I speak French.
the correct form of the words 
in brackets.
1 That restaurant was awful. I wish
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5 You’ve upset the staff. If only you weren’t so rude!

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we had gone (go) somewhere
else. 6 House prices have gone up now. If only I bought a property five years ago.
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2 I’m confused about this task. If 

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only I (listen) more

carefully. I Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence. Use no more than five words including the word given.
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3 It takes an hour to get to work. I

wish I (work) closer 1 Employing the new accounts manager was a bad decision. (employed)
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to home. I wish we hadn’t employed the new accounts manager.

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4 I never get what I want. I wish I 2 It was wrong to be so defensive. (been)

(be) more assertive. If only I less defensive.
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5 You’re always ready for a fight. I 3 I’m sorry I missed your birthday celebration. (not)
wish you (not be) so I wish I your birthday celebration.
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defensive.
4 You should treat your staff with more respect. (you)
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6 I never have time to travel. I wish I If only with more respect.

(travel) more in the
past. 5 I hate having to compromise on every deal. (did)
If only we on every deal.
7 If only I (apply) for
that managerial position. I would
be earning more money now.
J Work in pairs. Choose a role and role-play the situation.

8 I wish I (not have to)

work late tonight. There’s a great
concert in the park.
Unit 1: Getting what you want

2
1 Colleag
ue 2
K Work in pairs. Tell your partner o n, but you
didn’t
three things about your life gav e a presentati re because your
Coll eagu e 1 You prepa e
gh time to tion for th
that you wish were different You’re very unhappy with your colleague
’s have enou e you the informa ’t agree
gav n
now. Is there anything from presentation in a meeting with a potential colleague on late. You also did given in
the past that you wish you had client. It was badly prepared and you migh
t presentati e of the information to your
m lk
done differently? not get the client. He/She seemed very with the so tion. You tried to ta n’t listen.
pessimistic and you were hoping for a th e p rese n ta
t he /she d id
out 7
about it bu to be optimistic ab
more optimistic approach. He/She becam colleague ible d
e is imposs You wante
defensive when questions were asked and You feel it g that won’t work. , but your
you feel your company has lost face. som eth in me a cts
sp e
mise on so
to compro colleague refused.
 1 Lesson 2

COMMUNICATION
A Track 3 Listen and circle the correct answers.
1 Bob’s project requires him __.
a to work only on weekends
b to work from home sometimes
c to work a lot of extra hours
2 Bob feels that __.
a he can cope very well working
alone
b a few extra people working with
him would be better
c the project is very easy
3 Bob’s partner __.
a doesn’t like the fact that he isn’t
at home at weekends
b has asked Bob to take a holiday
c likes spending weekends alone
5 Bob’s boss is unable to __.
a provide extra help on the project
b give Bob any time off
c understand Bob’s spreadsheets
6 Bob’s project is __.
a on schedule
b behind schedule
c ahead of schedule
7 Bob’s boss has offered __.
a the chance to take some holiday
b five extra days of unpaid holiday
c five days of paid holiday
8 Bob’s boss __.
a is more than satisfied with Bob’s
B Track 3 Listen again.
Circle T (true) or F (false).
1 T / F Bob has a very large amount
of work to complete on his new
project.
2 T / F Bob is struggling to meet his
deadlines.
3 T / F Bob has very recently taken
a holiday with his partner.
4 T / F Bob doesn’t mind
compromising on quality.
5 T / F Bob doesn’t want to use up
his holiday allowance early in the
year.

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performance 6 T / F Bob’s boss has offered a

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4 Bob has asked for __. b thinks Bob should work harder bonus for good work.
a a long weekend of holiday c wishes he had asked someone 7 T / F Bob requests to take his

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b two extra days holiday else to do the job extra holiday later in the year.
c a week of holiday
8 T / F Bob’s manager would prefer
AT Bob to keep his extra holiday
allowance private.
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C Track 3Listen again and D Complete the email.
D

complete the memo.

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MY_MAIL
Bob Rawling’s project is
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(1) . However he has

mentioned that his work load is
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(2) . As a result
Great news!
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he is working a lot of (3) .

He is also obliged to work
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I’ve just been (1) to my manager about this terrible workload.

(4) . He feels I told (2) that I wished he (3) get me some more
(5) that he can cope help, but that’s out of the question. However, I’ve managed to negotiate
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with the amount of work. something better!

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Nevertheless he expressed a need to

(6) . His spreadsheets I wish I (4) said something sooner! He’s offered (5)
give me five extra days of holiday, fully (6) . Isn’t that fantastic? If
indicate that the project is now
(7) I’d (8) this assertive months ago. OK, I wish the
(7) . Ideally Bob
weather (9) better at this time of year—we could have got
would like some (8)
some sun­—but would you (10) opposed to booking a little
to work with him on the project, but skiing holiday? We should just catch the end of the season in Bulgaria …
this is impossible. Therefore, it is my
intention to ask Human Resources to Speak tonight,
give him (9) of extra Bob
holiday. This will not be taken from
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
his statutory (10) .

e
Do you mind if I take som
E Discuss the questions in pairs. Then share your ideas with the class. extra day s?
B2.2

Would you be opposed to

1 In what ways did Bob show he was assertive in the workplace?
8 taking some time off?
take
2 How might being over-worked affect your performance at work? I was wondering if I could
3 What can employers do to make their employees feel appreciated? a look?
Mind if I ask?
 1

F Work in pairs. Imagine your company is going to create a motivational G Discuss the questions in pairs.
poster for the workplace. Look at the photos and decide which image Then share your ideas with the
would be most appropriate for the poster. Discuss each picture before class.
deciding on the best choice.
1 Do you think motivational posters
are a useful tool at work? Why?
2 What motivates you to work
harder?
3 Have you ever felt totally de-
motivated? What caused your
feeling of demotivation? What
made you feel better again?
4 Do you think satisfaction with
life outside of work affects work
performance?
5 ‘All work and no play makes Jack

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a dull boy.’ What do you think this

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expression means?

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6 Do you think doing sports
improves motivation?

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H Work in groups. Imagine that members of staff would like to introduce I Role-play in groups.
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some of the things into the workplace. Write notes in support of your
argument.
D
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H
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• One person should be the

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manager.
SHOWER SPACE FOR PEOPLE WHO
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CYCLE OR RUN TO WORK • Other members of the group

should choose three items
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from the list in H and

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A SMALL COMPANY GY present an argument to the
C

manager in favour of these

improvements.

• The manager can choose to

A POWER-SLEEP ROOM agree or disagree.
WHERE EMPLOYEES CAN
• Try to reach a compromise.
RECHARGE THEIR BATTERIES

MORE IN-COMPANY
Unit 1: Getting what you want

TEAM BUILDING

YOUR IDEA

9
YOUR IDEA
 1 Lesson 3

LANGUAGE BUILDER
A Label the pictures with the words in the box.

apply to fill in get ahead keep at lead to move up take over turn down work on

1 2 3 4
   

5 6 7 8 9
    

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B Match to make sentences.

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1 If you want to get ¨ a on something dangerous.
2 I applied ¨ AT
b down the job offer when he heard about the
remuneration package.
3 I started on the shop floor and steadily moved ¨
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c over this company.
4 When I want something, I keep ¨
d up into management.
5 Meeting recruiters can lead ¨
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e in all your contact details.

6 Don’t speak to colleagues when they’re working ¨
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f to getting better, higher-paying jobs.

7 Unfortunately, a multinational is taking ¨
g at it until I achieve my goal.
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8 Excuse me, sir, you haven’t filled ¨

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h to at least 20 companies before getting this position.

9 That candidate turned ¨
i ahead in this job you have to work really hard.
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PY

C Complete the dialogue with words from A. D Work in pairs. Create a self-
help list for graduates who
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A: So, what would your advice be to all those people out there who want to want to get a first job. Use the
C

(1) _________ in their chosen career? ideas to help you.

B: Well, the first step is to (2) _________ your CV. Tailor it so it will get you the
kind of job you want. Then identify companies that are offering the right
role and (3) _________ them.
A: How long does finding a job take?
B: How long is a piece of string? It depends, but you should (4) _________ it, and
eventually something will come along. Don’t be afraid to (5) _________ a job
if it really isn’t for you. Unless you feel it could (6) _________ something you
want. Sometimes you have to make sacrifices to (7) _________ the ladder.
A: How useful do you think career networking sites are?
B: Again it depends, but it certainly won’t do any harm to (8) _________ your
details.
B2.2

E Discuss the questions in pairs. Then share your ideas with the class.
10
1 How important is it to have good contacts when you are looking for work?
2 Do you think the way you look makes a difference to whether or not you will get a job?
3 Do you think it’s possible to change career path when you are almost middle-aged? How could you go about it?
 1

Indirect questions

He asked me why I wanted the job.

They wanted to know whether I had had any experience in marketing.

The staff inquired when the meeting would be.

He wondered who would lose their jobs.

He asked me if I would consider working in Human Resources.

F Rewrite the sentences in the grammar chart as direct questions. Then G Tick the correct sentences.
complete the tense chart. Correct the incorrect ones.
1  Why do you want the job?
1 My boss asked me whether could I
2 

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work this weekend.
3 

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4  

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5 
2 He wondered what the problem is.
Direct Questions Indirect questions 

1 Present simple
AT 

3 The staff have inquired who the

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2 Present continuous special guest at tonight’s party is.
3 Present perfect 
D


4 Past perfect Past perfect
perfect
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Past
5 Past continuous Past perfect continuous
4 They wanted to know what’s the
Past perfect continuous results.
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6 will 
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7 would 
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8 can could 5 They asked if would we be taking

on more staff.
PY


H Complete the indirect questions. 
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1 ‘Where is all the printer paper?’ he shouted. 6 He wanted to know how much we
C

He wanted to know . had paid for our house.

2 ‘Can you take on an extra client?’ he asked. 
He asked . 
3 ‘What time is this meeting finishing?’ he inquired.
He inquired . I Work in threes and take turns.
4 ‘Why didn’t you follow the proper fire drill procedure?’ she asked. Whisper a direct question
She asked me . to your neighbour. He/She
5 ‘Will we be working late again?’ they wondered. must relay this as an indirect
They wondered . question to his/her neighbour
Unit 1: Getting what you want

6 ‘What will you do if you lose your job?’ she asked. who answers the question.
She asked me . Student 1 whispers: Did
you go out last night?

J Work in pairs. Imagine you are a big name in business circles and you
Student 2 whispers: She
have just been interviewed on a prime time chat show. First, add some
asked whether you went
more questions to the list. Then report the imaginary interview to a out last night.
colleague.
11
Did you go to university? First, she asked me where I Student 3: No, I didn’t go
went to university, and I told her out last night, I stayed in
Where/what did you study?
I went to Oxford. Then, … and watched a film.
Was it a useful course of study?
 w w w. g o o d j o b . co m /in d ex .h t ml
w w w.g o o d j ob.com w w w.my mail.com
FIND THE
RIGHT JOB
FO R YO U
T O D AY
WHAT TYPE OF JOB ARE YOU LOOKING FOR?
Occupational Therapist
Inpatient Physical Medicine and Rehab, Winchester
Full-time (Monday–Friday with flexible weekends) Shift 8–5.30 (flexible) Competitive salary
The right candidate will use their expertise to assess patient
performance in order to ascertain their ability level and
independence. They will then design patient-specific treatment
plans which will lead to achievable goals.
The role will involve the training of parents and caregivers so
that they are able to provide the appropriate levels of care.
Online Marketing Manager
Hall and Koollahan, London
Contract/Self-employed
£40,000
A stimulating six-month opportunity, working for a leading
leisure retailer. The right individual will have proven digital
marketing experience and put the customer at the heart of
campaigns.
You will be highly motivated and able to cope with a
demanding workload. You will be responsible for the
development and maintenance of the website as well as
developing the social media strategy. Strong analytical
capabilities will be essential for evaluating and creating a
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targeted online campaign.
Requirement:
PY
Relevant qualifications a bonus.
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Employment Advisor
Ashton-Under-Lyne
C
£18,000–22,000
Permanent RedCurrent Solutions
Do you have a strong background in advice and guidance,
recruitment, or sales? Are you an effective communicator
with the ability to build relationships and help others fulfil
their potential without influencing their decisions?
If you can answer yes to all of these questions, this may be
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as an employment advisor for a welfare-to-work provider.
Your duties would include:
Helping individuals to develop their skills qualifications and
employability. Placing a number of unemployed adults
in sustainable jobs on a monthly basis. Teaching adults
B2.2
effective job searching techniques and interview skills.
12 Essential requirements:
Experience in Welfare to work / employability; Two years
experience of a face-to-face customer service setting;
Excellent IT skills; numerical and written skills; organizational
and time-keeping skills.
‘SIMPLY THE BEST EMPLOYMENT SEARCH ENGINE!’
CITY BUSINESS MAGAZINE
HOT CAREERS SEARCH BY INDUSTRY TIPS RESOURCES
You will also be responsible for coordinating a team of staff nurses
and physicians.
This is a rewarding job. You will be helping people of all ages with
varying degrees of special needs.
Requirement: Bachelor’s Degree in Occupational Therapy, plus
six months minimum clinical experience.
L
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APPLY NOW Travel Consultant APPLY NOW
ER
Walking through Worlds
Italy, Spain, Greece, or France
Seasonal employment/self-employed
AT
Performance related pay
Do you speak two or more languages? Can you read a
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map? Do you enjoy good conversation as well as good food
and wine? Then read on …
D
We are a leading travel company looking for talented people
TE
to lead and manage our signature walking tours. The ideal
candidate will be committed to providing the highest level
H
of customer care. You should be extremely reliable and able
to keep to tight schedules when working as a two-person
team and with a group of up to sixteen clients. Practical
ability is a must as you will be required to maintain a vehicle
R
and provide gourmet picnics on a daily basis, in all weather.
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 Lesson 4 1

READING
A Look at the reading text. Pick out key words that tell you what the text is READING STRATEGY
for. Where might you see job adverts like this? Which advert is different?
Before you begin reading,
look at your text as a whole.
B Work in pairs. Read the job adverts. Which of the positions would Ask yourself what its purpose
interest you the least/most? Why? is or where you would find it.
Skim the text to select the key
words which tell you what the
C Read the job adverts again and circle the correct answers.
text will be about. This will help
1 Which job requires a university 5 Which jobs involve working via the give you an idea of what to
qualification? Internet? expect when you begin a more
a A a C and D detailed read.
b D b B and E
c E c A and B
2 Which jobs will not provide full- 6 Which job requires you to use
time, permanent employment? social media? D Answer the questions in your
a A, B, and C a B own words.

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b B, C, and E b C 1 What kinds of people would the

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c E, D, and C c D Occupational Therapist have to
help?

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3 Which jobs require IT or computer 7 Which jobs would not involve
skills? working in an office environment? 2 What sector will the Online
a B and D a B, C, and D Marketing Manager be working in?
b A and B b A, B, and C
AT 3 Which languages would be useful
for the Travel Consultant?
c B and E c A, C, and E
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4 Why do you think experience of
4 Which jobs require the candidate 8 Which adverts could you respond
giving guidance and advice might
to train or teach people? to if you wanted a sudden change
D

of career? be useful for the employment

a C and E
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advisor?
b A and C a C and E
b A and B 5 What do you need in order to do
c A and D
the online journalism course?
H

c B and E
6 How do you know that the
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Online Marketing Manager will be

E Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in bold.
extremely busy?
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1 A good occupational therapist looks at patients’ 7 What kinds of holidays are offered
PY

performance in order to ascertain their level of PERFORM by the travel company in C?

. ABLE 8 Which job do you think requires the
2 A degree and six months experience is a minimal
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most specialized skills? Why?

for the job. REQUIRE
C

3 Specific would be a bonus, but are not QUALIFY

necessary.
WORD WORK
4 The employment advisor must be an effective
who can provide advice and COMMUNICATE perform – performance
to adults who have been GUIDE / EMPLOY guide – guidance
for long periods of time and need to find jobs. employ – employment
require – requirement

F Circle the correct answers.

Unit 1: Getting what you want

1 You need to be more __. We were 3 I need to find a more __ job. I find 5 Can you take some of my __? It’s just
expecting you to open the shop myself getting so bored at work. too much for me to cope with.
today, but you arrived half an hour a stimulating a training
late! b rewarding b influence
a reliable c practical c workload
b motivated
4 When you talk to your patients do 6 We need to find a more __ solution to
c committed
not try to __ their decisions in any the problem. Something that is easy
2 This company is looking for someone way. They need to make decisions to implement.
13
who is totally __ to their job. for themselves. a practical
a influence a train b stimulating
b motivated b motivate c reliable
c committed c influence
 1

WRITING
G Complete the job advert with H Read the email and the notes. Write an email to Francesca using all
ONE word in each gap. your notes.

Waiting Staff From: Francesca Fedeli

The Tea House Date: 21 May
West End Subject: Working in London
Full- or Part-(1) shift Hey,
work (depending on availability) Yes, give deta
ils.
£8.50–10.00 per hour (depending on How’s London? Have you found a job yet?
Remember I told you I really wanted to visit? Well, I’ve decided I’m going to finally do it.
experience)
But not just for a holiday! Ask when and how long
she can stay with you—give details
Would you (2) to work in
a busy London tea house? Tea is the I was wondering if you could give me any ideas about finding a place to stay, first of all.
new coffee (3) London And secondly, I wanted to know how, or where, I could apply for jobs. I think I could
work in a café or something because I’ve done that before. online
these days and we are looking for —give details of job in G
bright, friendly (4) to
I hope you can help and I’m really looking forward to seeing you in London.

L
work in our newly-opened central

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London location. Some knowledge Love,
(5) different blends of tea Francesca

ER
is preferable but not (6) .
However, you should be
(7) to appreciate our I AT
Work in pairs. Do you think Francesca might be a good candidate for
customers’ desire for that perfect cup the job at The Tea House? Why?
of tea alongside a beautiful selection
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of fine cakes.
J Read Francesca’s email and put the sections in the correct order.
D

Your (8) would include:

Preparing pots of tea. On occasion,
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preparing coffees using a state of the

art Italian coffee-maker. Laying out From: Francesca Fedeli
H

Date: 25 May
cakes for cream teas. Serving
Subject: Application for full-time position: The Tea House West End
(9) tables.
IG

Prior to starting at The Tea House Dear Sir/Madam,

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you would be expected to participate A¨

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in a full weekend (10) I have at least one year’s experience working in restaurants and two
programme. years’ experience working in my family’s pastry shop. As well as English, I
speak Italian and French. I am also proficient in using any standard coffee
O

Suitable candidates may be offered machine and would be more than willing to learn how to make the perfect
C

the opportunity to enter our cup of tea.

management programme.
B¨
Requirements: I feel that the skills I have to offer would make me a valuable asset to your
At least six months’ (11) company. If you would like to get in touch to discuss my application and
in customer service. arrange an interview, you can contact me via email at
Knowledge of at least one other francescafedeli@italia.net.com.
language in addition to English. C¨
Regarding the position currently advertised on www.waitingstaffuk.com
If you are interested, please please find attached a copy of my CV for your consideration.
(12) in writing to
I look forward to hearing from you.
waitingstaffapplication@theteahouse.com Yours faithfully,
Francesca Fedeli
B2.2

K Look back at the job adverts on page 12. Choose a position to apply
14 to. Write notes on why you should be considered for the position. HOMEWORK

Complete Activity L at home if

L Using your notes, write an application. Before you start, underline necessary.
useful phrases in J for help. Write 120–150 words.
 Lesson 5 1

PRE-TASK
A You are going to write a questionnaire to help your fictional clients decide which job would be most suitable
for them. To prepare, list the kinds of jobs related to these photos, and the pros and cons of these working
environments. Work in groups.

Jobs Pros Cons

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H
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O
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B Work in pairs. Order the list from 1–10 according to which provides the greatest and least job satisfaction. Then
compare your findings in groups.

¨ Good salary ¨ Great holiday package ¨ Working outside

¨ Great work colleagues
¨ Being your own boss
¨ Possibility of advancement
¨ Job perks
¨ Possibility of travel
¨ Office environment
¨ Working with people
¨ Comfortable working
environment
Unit 1: Getting what you want

C Based on your list in B, come up with some ideal jobs and explain why.

My ideal jobs Why

Travel consultant My work would be varied and I would get to travel to exciting destinations.

15
 1

TASK
D Work in groups. Imagine you are a career coach. You interview people E Using your questionnaire,
to find out what career best suits them. Write a questionnaire to help interview two people from
your clients decide which job might be most suitable. Include no more another group.
than ten questions.

YOU SHOULD:

• note down each

candidate’s answers

• suggest what kind

of character the
interviewee is

• suggest what would

be a suitable job

L
IA
• explain why you
have made this

ER
decision
Please fill in this questionnaire. Answer each question as honestly as possible.

Do you prefer working in large teams of people or alone?

AT
M
Would you like to work in- or outdoors?
D
TE
H
IG
R
PY
O
C

POST-TASK
F In your groups, report to the class. G Compare the findings of the
interviews. Which employment
B2.2

sectors are the most popular

• explain what questions you were asked in the interview in the class?
16
• say which job was suggested

• evaluate the job choice and say whether it would suit you
LET’S START!
What technological advances
do the pictures show? How
UNIT 2
would the images be different in

Technology
similar situations in the previous
century?

L
IA
ER
AT
M
D
TE
H
IG
R
PY
O
C

UNIT OBJECTIVES
 Read about medical advances
 Write a report
Unit 2: Technology

 Listen to a lecture about 3D

printing
 Discuss technologies from
the past
17
 Invent three
In what ways has technology improved our lives in the home-improvement
last century? Have any technological advances made life gadgets
worse?

Our health is something we take for granted, until we are
diagnosed with an unexpected illness, or we are the
unfortunate victim of a life-changing accident. It is then that
we will start to consider how medical advancement can and
will increase life expectancy, open doors to possibilities once
considered purely science fiction and ultimately save our lives.
Here are some of the areas where science and technology are
leaving their mark:
Implants
Implants are not a new phenomenon. In fact, there is
an increasing population of bionic Americans among
the over 40s who rely on defibrillator-like devices
to keep their hearts ticking, aid bladder control, or
help cope with chronic pain. However, consistent
technological breakthroughs in surgical implantation
are making it more and more possible for people who
D
have lost their sight, hearing, or even a limb.
TE
One radical surgeon in Philadelphia implanted a tiny
telescope into the eye of a pensioner who had lost
almost all his vision through macular degenerative
H
disease. The individual had been living in a virtual
IG
prison with no apparent cure, but after the operation
was once again able to live an almost normal life.
R
Soon, through implants, patients will be administered
PY
appropriate levels of drugs based on readings
within their body. Potential infection in artificial
O
limbs will be indentified because implants will
have picked up heat change; patient data will be
C
stored so any doctor, anywhere, can implement a
treatment plan. According to scientists in the field of
neuroprosthetics, one day implants will even allow
us to grow our own limbs! This is light years ahead
of us, but ultimately, by placing an implant onto the
central nervous system our bodies could create new
pathways from the brain to parts of the body which
have lost mobility. In other words, we will be able to
create Luke Skywalker’s hand or Robocop’s body.
Robotic surgeons
Medical robots are not something new either.
They have been around since the 1980s. However
advances in technology mean that they are being
used more and more frequently to assist in intricate
surgeries and reduce the risk of human error. The
B2.2
robot surgeon functions similarly to the surgeon’s
18 arm and is controlled by the surgeon. In surgeries
where controlled repeated actions are required the
robot surgeon will perform with greater precision than
the human hand.
READING STRATEGY
First, skim through the text
as a whole so that you get a
general understanding and
the main idea of the text.
Then, read through the text
again in a more focused way.
This will help you to locate
the details you need when
you come to answer the
comprehension questions.
L
IA
Diagnosis
ER
Early diagnosis and an individual treatment plan are
key to saving lives. This is not always possible for
people in developing countries who do not have
AT
access to cutting edge medical equipment. However,
computer engineers at Washington University in
M
St. Louis have combined the technologies of two
applications to create one small device which could
save thousands. They have merged a USB-based
ultrasound probe and a smart phone to create a
hand-sized ultrasound machine. This will potentially
allow doctors working in remote locations to use
medical imaging to detect problems in a patient’s
kidneys, liver, arteries, eyes, or bladder, thus allowing
immediate diagnosis. This would be a significant
medical breakthrough in developing countries and
change the use of medicine and computers on a
global scale.
Prevention is better than cure
At some point in the future, near or far, our medical
record will include a complete imprint of our DNA
and genetic make-up. It will be absolutely clear what
diseases we are susceptible to and how we will
react to medicine and treatment. Medical treatment
will become totally individualized and it will be about
lifestyle change to avoid those illnesses that are a
risk for us. Any medicine we do take will be to delay
disease rather than treat it.
The way technology is changing the face of modern
medicine might seem like science fiction in the
developed world, but there are still too many places
that technology cannot reach. When all is said and
done we are still only human and unfortunately many
of the technologies outlined here are not readily
available on a global scale.
 Lesson 1 2

READING
A Skim the article. Choose the most appropriate title.
a Medical Breakthroughs— b Technology Improves Lives— c The Medical World
Just Science Fiction For Most of Us Never Changes

B Read the article. Then discuss the questions in pairs. C Read the article again and
circle T (true) or F (false).
1 Which of the technological breakthroughs in the text most impressed you? Why?
1 T / F Defibrillators only help
2 Which medical invention or technology do you feel is most useful globally?
people with heart disease.
3 Are there any medical technologies mentioned you wouldn’t trust?
2 T / F Macular degenerative
disease causes blindness.
D Write questions for the answers. 3 T / F Some implants used now
can detect the beginnings of an
1  infection.
They can keep hearts ticking, aid bladder control, or help people cope with pain. 4 T / F Robot surgeons are able
to work independently without

L
2 
surgeons.

IA
He implanted a telescope into the eye of a pensioner.
5 T / F Robot surgeons are more
3 

ER
precise than human surgeons.
(Robot surgeons have been around) since the 1980s.
6 T / F The hand-sized ultrasound
4 
Early diagnosis and an individual treatment plan (are key).
AT machine was made using two
different examples of technology.
M
5  7 T / F The hand held ultrasound
machine would be most useful in
A USB-based ultrasound probe and a smart phone the developed world.
D

6 
TE

8 T / F The author implies that the best

It will allow the use of medical imaging and immediate diagnosis. medical treatment is only available to
the wealthy parts of the world.
H

7 
A complete imprint of our DNA and genetic make-up
IG

8 
F Match the definitions to the
words.
R

To delay disease rather than treat it.

¨
PY

1 diagnose
2 advancement ¨
E 3 breakthrough ¨
O

Complete the sentences.

4 application ¨
C

1 It is only when we become ill or the victim of an accident we will

consider the benefits of medical advancement. 5 robot ¨
2 One of the areas science and technology are leaving their mark
6 imaging ¨
is implant surgery. Consistent technological breakthroughs are making it more
7 implement ¨
possible for people have lost their sight. 8 bionic ¨
3 Early diagnosis is not possible for those in developing countries
9 implant ¨
a progress or improvement, moving
do not have access to cutting-edge medical equipment.
forward
4 The robot surgeon will perform with greater precision the human b a discovery that changes the way
hand. we see things
5 Computer engineers have combined the technologies to create one small c a tiny object placed inside the body
device could save d to put in place or practise a plan or
Unit 2: Technology

thousands. idea
WORD WORK
5 In the future it will be absolutely clear e a type of technology e.g. a smart
diseases we are These expressions describe phone or a piece of software
susceptible to. something that is extremely f a moving machine
technologically advanced: 19
6 The medicine we take will be to delay g to identify an illness or disease
Their technology is light years h having artificial body parts
disease than treat it. ahead.
That company uses cutting-edge i a visual representation of a body
technology. part for medical diagnosis
 2

WRITING
G Choose the correct options to complete the report.

1 a to 6 a staff
b for b employee
Introduction
c in order c workers
This report was commissioned (1) __ review the medical facilities
d so that d men
at Millthorpe Hospital in North Yorkshire. (2) __ aim was to
investigate the range of care and medical (3) __ available to 2 a It’s 7 a of
patients through interviews with patients and hospital employees. b Its b at
c Their c to
Staff
d Your d in
The nurses at Millthorpe are professional, familiar (4) __ the most
up-to-date nursing practices and able to (5) __ a very high level 3 a machines 8 a But
of care. Likewise, the doctors and surgical (6) __, especially in the b engines b So
cardiology department, are leaders (7) __ their field. c gear c However
d equipment d And
Facilities

L
The hospital is able to provide different levels of service 4 a of 9 a made

IA
dependent on the personal insurance package of the patient. b with b available
(8) __, their cutting-edge medical machinery is (9) __ to c to c given

ER
everybody. In particular, a state-of-the-art robot surgeon assists d in d meant
in 60% of their procedures.
5 a be provided 10 a is able
Conclusion
This research indicates that Millthorpe Hospital (10) __ to
AT b providing b able
c provide c can
M
offer first class care and is pushing the boundaries of modern d be provide d can be
medicine.
D
TE

H I
H

Read the email and the notes. Work in pairs. Should Daniel be confident to have his operation at
Write an email to Daniel using Millthorpe hospital? Why? Does Millthorpe Hospital have a good
IG

the notes. Write about 160 image?

words.
R

Talk about:
PY

• hygiene • equipment
From: Daniel Patterson • staff numbers / quality • leaders in research
Date: July 11
O

• technology
Subject: Operation next week!
C

Hi,
I’m feeling really nervous about that operation
I have to have next week. I know it’s just a
simple procedure, but I can’t stand hospitals!
Express sympathy, reassure him
I will be admitted to the Millthorpe Hospital
in North Yorkshire. Do you know it? I know
you get to read lots of reports about medical
establishments at work. Have you by any
chance read anything about this one?
Yes. Give your opinion
Apparently for this particular procedure the
surgeon will be assisted by a robot. I was quite
surprised to hear that! Is it safe? I really hope
so. Say something about robot surgeons.
One last thing, can I ask you a favour? Do you
B2.2
J Look at the report in G. In
pairs, discuss the questions.
1 How is the language different to
the language in the email?
2 How is the report organized?
3 Which of these phrases are more
appropriate for a report?
This report was commissioned to …
We aim to tell you …
The aim of this report is to outline …
K You are in charge of the
finances at a big hospital. You
need to improve the image of
the hospital. Choose the most
important areas from the list in
I and write a report explaining
why investing in these areas
will be beneficial. Write about
120–150 words.
HOMEWORK
Complete Activity K at home if
necessary.

I think you should …

think you could walk Charlie for me? Sorry to
have to ask, but I’ll be in hospital overnight and The research shows that …
20 the poor dog will be frantic! No problem.
Investment in … is recommended.
Ask details.
Speak soon, After careful consideration /
Daniel analysis …
It is clear that …
 Lesson 2 2

LANGUAGE BUILDER
A Label the pictures with the words in the box.

add up boot up click on go off pop up pull up scan in shut down type up

1 2 3 4 5

    

6 7 8 9

L
IA
 type up  scan in  shut down  go off

ER
B Complete the sentences with
the correct form of the phrasal
C AT
Match to make sentences.

1 A virus warning box should never be a off you can still access the Internet
M
verbs from A.
1 This old computer takes so long
ignored when it pops ¨ on your cell phone.
2 Even if the electricity goes ¨ b up all the figures automatically.
D

to that I can make a

3 If you’ve typed the numbers in c up because of the potential
TE

coffee while I’m waiting!

correctly an Excel sheet will add ¨ damage it can cause.
2 These numbers indicate a massive
4 The great thing about a tablet is that d up this file, my computer freezes.
H

loss. Have the figures definitely

been correctly?
it doesn’t need booting ¨ e up the report for me, please?
IG

3 Your computer has crashed. Let’s

5 When I try to pull ¨ f up when you turn it on, everything
6 Can you ask Maria to type ¨ just pops up automatically.
R

it and restart it.

PY

4 Whoever this
document has made a lot of D Track 4 Listen and circle T (true) or F (false).
spelling mistakes!
O

1 T / F The radio programme is about cutting edge technologies.

5 We can paper
C

2 T / F The radio programme reviews a book.

documents our system
to create electronic versions. 3 T / F The product is not for novices.

6 The lights have all 4 T / F There are tips on how to prevent pop-up advertisements.
along the street, so there must be 5 T / F Grant would not recommend this product.
a power cut.
7 Are there ways to stop banner
ads on my screen? E Track 4 Listen and complete the review. Use no more than two
words in each gap.
8 Can my computer’s auto-recovery
system a file after it has Everything You Need (1) _______________ About Computers is a self-help
book for people who want to learn about computers and (2) _______________.
been deleted?
It’s intended for both novices and people with some (3) _______________. It
Unit 2: Technology

begins with the absolute basics. For example how to boot up and then
(4) _______________ a computer, as well as how to (5) _______________ and
create documents.
WORD WORK
For the more experienced user it provides guidance on (6) _______________ and
A technophobe is someone converting documents to electronic files, dealing with annoying advertising that
who avoids using new (7) _______________ on your Internet screen, and it even (8) _______________ 21
technologies. touch typing.
He/She is technophobic. All in all, it’s a humorous, informative, and (9) _______________ a great gift.
 2

G Tick the correct sentences.

Future passive Correct the incorrect ones.
Medical check-ups will be performed with sensors that will be installed in your home.
1 ___ This broadcast will being
The cars of today will be replaced by driverless cars.
watched by millions as we speak.
After the operation, his vision will have been restored.
2 ___ The procedure will have been
By 2050, most major diseases will have been eliminated.
undertaken by the end of the day.
Surgeons will be being assisted by medical robots.
Your teeth will be being cleaned while you’re sleeping. 3 ___ The Nobel Peace Prize will be
being awarded to the person who
has done the most for fraternity
between nations.
F Rewrite these sentences in passive form. Then complete the rules.
4 ___ In the 22nd Century, we will be
1 In the next decade, most people will no longer read novels on paper. given orders by virtual bosses.
In the next decade, novels 
 . 5 ___ At some point in the future, our
planets natural resources will have

L
Rule 1: Simple future passive = _______________
will + _______________ + past been depleted by the human race.

IA
participle
6 ___ In the 2030s, household

ER
2 By the 22nd Century, medical researchers will have found a cure for most robots will be using in many
diseases. homes.
By the 22nd Century, a cure for most diseases 

AT . 7 ___ By the end of this decade
major breakthroughs will have
M
Rule 2: Future perfect passive = _______________ + _______________
have been + made in genetic engineering.
_______________
D

3 Perhaps in the future, fertility doctors will be growing babies in artificial

TE

wombs. I Work in groups. Make

Perhaps in the future, babies  predictions about how
H

 . technology will affect these

IG

ideas and then compare ideas.

Rule 3: Future continuous passive = _______________ + _______________ +
Say whether you agree or
past participle
R

disagree.
PY

Education: Teachers will be replaced

by robots.
H Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
O

first sentence. Use no more than five words including the word given. Travel: 

C

1 They have postponed the operation and it will not take place until next
Thursday. (performed)
Workplace: 
won’t be performed
The operation _______________________ until next Thursday. 
2 The bad weather will have stopped the aircraft from taking off. (prevented) Medicine: 
The aircraft’s take off _______________________ by the bad weather. 

3 The technician will be shutting down the system for me this evening. (shut) Family life: 

The system _______________________ the technician this evening.

4 A retina scan will be necessary in order to create an ID card. (to)

J Work in pairs. Imagine yourself
In order to create an ID card, your _______________________ scanned. thirty years from now. Think
about the people and places
5 One of our employees will show you how to use the machinery. (explained)
that are important. What will /
How to use the machinery _______________________ to you. won’t have changed?
B2.2

6 Surgeons plan to use the medical robot in more than a hundred surgeries by I think my winter holidays
22 the end of the month. (been) will be being taken in space.
The medical robot _______________________ in over a hundred surgeries by The airplanes of today will
have been replaced by ultra-fast
the end of the month. space shuttles.
 Lesson 3 2

COMMUNICATION
A Track 5 Listen and circle the correct answers. B Track 5 Listen again.

1 3D printing __. 5 3D printing helps the manufacturing Circle T (true) or F (false).

a is a brand new technology
b has replaced traditional
manufacturing processes
c began in the 1980s
2 Since the beginning of the 21st
Century, 3D printing __.
a has become widely used in
homes and businesses
b has become less expensive
c has got much faster
3 To create a 3D printout you need
__.
a a 3D printer linked up to a
computer
process because __.
a there are never any mistakes
b fewer workers are needed
c you do not need as much storage
space and there is less waste
6 Today 3D printing is __.
a only used to make models
b used in many different industries
c not able to be used on a large
scale
7 3D printing will revolutionize the
global marketplace because __.
a people will not need to shop
anymore
1 T / F The first 3D printer was
called 3D Systems.
2 T / F A 3D printer creates objects
using plastic, metal, ceramic, or
glass.
3 T / F With 3D printing, some
manufacturers would stop
producing large quantities.
4 T / F 3D printing is used to make
jewellery and shoes.
5 T / F 3D printing is a wasteful
technique.

L
6 T / F Objects printed with a 3D
b special software and design skills. b people will stop having health

IA
printer can’t be used in the medical
c special software and the 3D problems
field yet.
printer c consumer goods will become

4 3D printing is fantastic for designers
because __.
a they can actually see what
they have designed almost
immediately
b they can change their designs
ER
individualized 7 T / F Some hobbyists use 3D
printing in the home.
8 The speaker believes that 3D
printers will __. AT
a become one of the important
8 T / F It will never be possible
to use 3D printing for very large
M
technologies of the future objects.
b not be popular for long
D

easily c never be used in the home

c it’s cheap to make the models
TE
H

C Track 5 Listen again. D Complete the text with the correct words.
IG

Complete the memo.

At some point in the future pretty much everything will (1) __________
R

First 3D printer was created by: custom made (2) __________ suit the needs of the individual. We
PY

 (3) __________ be able to make a model of whatever we need, the shape

and the size will be decided (4) __________ us alone, and we will create
Name of company: 
these objects on (5) __________ own, home, 3D printers. In fact, some
O

Cost:  hobbyists are already (6) __________ this.

C

Users of the 3D printer:  But even more impressive (7) __________ the implications for electronics,
 architecture, and medicine. Companies are trying to create 3D printers
 (8) __________ print electronic devices, vital organs, or whole houses. At
some point in the future, internal organs will be printed (9) __________ for
Pros for manufacturing
us, using our (10) __________ cells!
businesses: 

Cons of early model: 
 E Discuss in pairs. Then share your ideas with the class.
How the 3D printer works:  1 Would you like to try 3D printing? Why? What would you design?

Unit 2: Technology

2 What is the potential for 3D printing?


 3 What do you find most impressive about the 3D printer?

 I’d like to design my dream pair of running shoes. They would be unique
 for my feet, lightweight, a perfect fit. When they wore out I would be able
to simply print another perfect pair! 23
Materials used: 

 2

F Work in pairs. Look at the pictures in G. Brainstorm as much relevant vocabulary as possible.

G The pictures show how transport has changed. Compare the pictures. How do you think changing technology
in travel has affected these people?

L
IA
ER
AT
M

H Interview your partner.

D
TE

1 Which means of travel 2 These means of travel 3 How has technology 4 Has technology
do you prefer? Why? have been around for improved transport? worsened transport?
many years. Have new
H

technologies changed
IG

them?
R

I
PY

Work in groups. Imagine you work for a travel company. You are starting a brand new trip into space. Create a
travel itinerary.
O

Think about:
C

What your clients’ destination will be.

How your clients will be taken there.
What places and things they will be
shown on arrival. Universal
Spacelines

J Present your itinerary to

the class. Vote on the most
exciting holiday.
Book your trip

Search for connections

B2.2

Departure
24
Return
 Lesson 4 2

LANGUAGE BUILDER
A Label the pictures with the words in the box.

crash database freeware hardware malware motherboard router select server

1 2 3 4 5

    

6 7 8 9

   

L
IA
B Match the definitions to the words.

ER
1 router ¨ a the physical components of a computer system
2 select ¨ b when a computer ceases to function properly, usually as result of software failure
3 malware ¨ AT
c choose the best or preferred option from many possibilities
4 server ¨ d a computer system that stores and manages data or information
M
5 motherboard ¨ e software that you do not have to pay for
6 database ¨ f a computer that provides data to other computers
D

7 freeware ¨ g the main circuit board in a computer

TE

8 crash ¨ h software that is designed to damage computer systems

9 hardware ¨ i a device that passes information or data from one computer to another
H
IG

C Complete the sentences with the correct form of the D Work in pairs. Choose a role and role-play the
words from A. situation.
R

1 Help! Lots of options have popped up on the screen. Which

Customer
PY

one should I ? u
technophobe, but yo
You are a complete ne w co mp uter
2 The only way to stop affecting your computer to ins tal l a
realize that you need tio n in your
broadband connec
O

systems is to install an up-to-date virus protection package.

system and a faster ma nu al and
3 If you want your laptop to remain current, you don’t have to t read a self-help
home. You have jus
C

rea lly un de rst and

buy a new one, the can be replaced. rds you don’t
there are lots of wo A). Wr ite do wn
words from
4 Reputable anti-virus systems update their of (choose some of the r shop
tio ns . Th en go into a compute
threats to computer security on a daily basis. a list of ques u should
at the help desk. Yo
5 Often the that you can download at no cost is and seek assistance m
questions and ask the
restricted and supports a commercial package. get answers to your cti oning
tall to have a fully fun
what you need to ins ac ce ss .
6 The network has a problem and the whole office’s well as Internet
computer system as
Internet system is down.
7 Those documents shouldn’t have the computer. Assistant
Perhaps they had been corrupted. You work on the help desk in a shop selling PCs. You
8 When you install cable TV and broadband, it’s useful to are able to give advice on installing computer systems.
have a to block incoming information from your A very difficult customer has come into your shop with
Unit 2: Technology

computer. very little knowledge of computers. Give the customer

9 This shop sells an extensive range of computer . advice and answer his/her questions.

E Work in pairs. Discuss the statements.

1 Using social media in the workplace is dangerous.
2 Computers are not expensive, but the software is.
3 It is not possible to function without access to computer networks.
I totally agree that using social media like 25
Facebook at work is dangerous. Even with
anti-virus protection you can open yourself up
to malware that can crash your whole server.
 2

G Correct the mistakes in each

Past progressive passive sentence.
My computer was being attacked by a virus.
Every time I went out, I felt as if I was being watched. 1 Some of the best surgeons in
the world were assisting by robot
Solar panels were being installed to save energy. surgeons in that hospital.
The patients were being treated by medical robots.
2 While the motherboard were
being replaced I had no computer
F Look at the sentences in the grammar chart and complete the rule. access.
Then complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in
3 The company databases were be
brackets.
attacked a nasty Trojan.
To form the past progressive passive you need was or __________ +
__________ + past participle 4 Employees were outraged when
they discovered that their emails
was being operated
1 Throughout the procedure I _____________________ on by a trainee.

L
(operate) were monitoring by their superiors.

IA
2 Computer manufacturers discovered that malware _____________________ in 5 The server was being slowing

ER
the hardware before sale. (install) down multiple downloads.
3 The system kept crashing because our computer network
_____________________ by hackers. (attack)
AT 6 The computer crashed just as the
technicians were being uploaded
M
4 While I was reading the news site, new developments in the case the server.
_____________________ constantly. (upload)
D

5 When the server went down, our boss _____________________ by an online

TE

magazine. (interview)
I Work in pairs. Choose
6 All last week, potential candidates for the IT Manager’s job situation A or B and create an
H

_____________________. (select) itinerary.

IG

Situation A
R

factory
H Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the You visited a battery-making
. You had a very
PY

for the first time

first sentence. Use no more than five words including the word given. always
tight itinerary and you were
by a mem ber of the
1 Changes to the machinery in the factory were being made on a weekly basis acc omp anie d
hou r itinerary.
O

company. Create a five-

last year. (changed) ld not
d to just ify why you cou
You nee
C

The machinery in the factory ________________________ on a weekly basis. telephone anybody duri ng you r day.

2 The police were taking him to the station at the time the crash occurred. (was)
He ________________________ the station by the police when the crash
occurred. Situation B
You gave a lecture at a conference.
3 Nobody was looking for a solution to the server problem. (solved) You were escorted at all times and
you were extremely busy. Create a
The server problem ________________________ by anybody. five-hour itinerary. You need to justify
why you could not purchase a gift
4 When I was diagnosed, research into the disease had not yet begun. (not) during your stay.
The disease ________________________ when I was diagnosed.

5 The computer got infected when the virus definition updates stopped. (being)
The computer got infected because the virus definitions
________________________. At 8.45.a.m. I was being driven
to the factory by the company
B2.2

driver. I had no mobile coverage.

26 J Present your itinerary to the class.

 Lesson 5 2

PRE-TASK
A You will be designing and presenting three new gadgets to improve people’s lives. To prepare, tick the items
that you make use of on a regular basis.

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9

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B Work in pairs. Put each item from A under the correct headings. Then add other appliances or systems that are
indispensable or extremely useful.

The home Medicine

AT The environment
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C Work in groups. Choose the most interesting category from B. Decide what the pros and cons of each of the items
are. How could they be improved?

Item Pros Cons Improvements

Unit 2: Technology

27
 2

TASK
D In groups, design three new gadgets based on the category you chose in C.

You should:
• draw and label each gadget
• write a small advertisement explaining how each will make life easier.

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POST-TASK
H
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E Present your gadgets to the class. Try to convince them to invest in your gadgets. Then answer any questions.
R
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Each group w
ill choose
O

one gadget to
buy.
C

While listening
:
• make note
s about what
you like or don
’t like
about the ne
w gadgets
• write down
questions.
B2.2

F As a class, vote and decide on which gadget you will buy. Discuss why.
28
LET’S START!
Discuss the statements in pairs.
Then decide if they are true or
UNIT 3
false.

The brain
1 T / F The brain is the most
important organ in the body.
2 T / F The human brain is the most
intelligent in the world.
3 T / F If you don’t use your brain
sufficiently, it loses its capacities.
4 T / F Some of your brain is
controlled by you and some of it
works on its own.
5 T / F We only use 10% of our
brains.

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UNIT OBJECTIVES
 Read a newspaper article about
improving a child’s IQ
Unit 3: The brain

 Listen to an interview about

learning styles
 Discuss the ways people learn
 Write a letter of opinion 29
Do you do anything to look after your brain? What are  Complete a
some things you could do? personality test
 3 Lesson 1

COMMUNICATION
A Track 6 Listen and circle the correct answers.

1 Dr Andreas Kasper is probably __. 5 Dr Kasper says the interviewer could be a visual learner
a a school teacher because __.
b a speech therapist a he never reads instructions
c a university lecturer b he found it difficult to make his camera work
c he required a diagram to understand his camera
2 Dr Kasper gives __.
a an overview of all the different models of learning styles 6 According to Dr Kasper, IQ tests are __.
b a brief overview of two different learning styles a not useful
c a detailed talk about the VARK model of learning b a poor test of overall intelligence
c a good test of mathematical intelligence
3 Somebody who likes to be able to touch things is __.
a a kinesthetic learner 7 Knowing your learning style is useful __.
b an audio learner a when choosing your school
c a reading/writing learner b in making decisions about your career
c for educational psychologists
4 Gardner __.
a believed that personality type and intelligence were 8 Dr Kasper feels that __.

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linked a teachers should use a variety of teaching methods

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b didn’t agree with the VARK model b schools don’t do enough to help different kinds of
c developed his theories in the ’70s learners

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c children should all receive a similar education

B Track 6 Listen again. C Track 6

AT
Listen again and complete the notes.
Circle T (true) or F (false).
M
The VARK model indicates four types of learners:
1 T / F Psychologists have been V - The visual learner, who (1) .
D

studying learning styles for almost A - The audio learner, who (2) .
a century. R - The reading/writing learner, who (3) .
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2 T / F The VARK model indicates K - The kinesthetic learner, who (4) .

that there are four types of
H

Gardner included a further three categories:

learners.
IG

• Interpersonal intelligence, the ability to (5) .

3 T / F A visual learner will benefit • Intrapersonal intelligence, that is a very (6) .
from listening to music while
R

• Mathematical-Logical intelligence, someone who (7) .

studying.
PY

4 T / F High levels of interpersonal

intelligence mean you could work D Complete the text with the correct words.
O

with people.
C

5 T / F Most people are able to use
a variety of learning styles.
6 T / F Dr Kasper believes schools
don’t do enough to help children
learn in different ways.
7 T / F All educational psychologists
believe in the validity of learning
styles.
8 T / F Children should only be
taught in the learning style that
suits them.
(1) schools do more to accommodate different learning styles?
No, they probably could not, because (2) modern schools
(3) vary their teaching methods to allow for different
(4) and weaknesses in their pupils. But we (5)
bear in mind that about 60% of learners (6) varied learning styles
and intelligences. So, actually, most people are (7) adaptable.
It is more important to be aware that (8) students have different
needs. Teachers must be able to notice this and help those particular pupils.
There is a body of Educational Psychologists who (9) that the
research into learning styles is not reliable and that it does not clearly indicate
that different learning experiences (10) a difference to the extent
and quality of learning.

E Work in pairs. Imagine you are an educational psychologist. Interview your partner about the ways he/she
B2.2

thinks he/she learns. Use the notes in C to help formulate your questions. Then swap and repeat.
30
Do the schools in your country What is your most memorable
make allowances for people with learning experience? Was it a
different learning styles? good or bad experience?
 3

F Match the adjectives to the most appropriate picture. Discuss your G Work in pairs. The pictures
answers as a class. Give reasons for your choices. show people doing something
for the first time. Discuss what
amazing compulsory exciting frightening physical is happening in each picture.
practical memorable optional useful How could each learning
experience affect these
people’s lives?

H In pairs, discuss the questions

about the pictures in F. Then
share your ideas with the
A class.

1 Which of the learning experiences

shown interests you more? Why?
2 Which types of learning styles

L
would be used in these situations?

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3 How do you think the people in the
pictures are feeling?

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B 4 Do you think is it important to keep
learning new things? Why?
AT 5 What is something new you would
like to learn?
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D

I Role-play in pairs.
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photography
made
simple

Student A
You have an adult education college. A customer comes to your college
and wants to start a new hobby. Try to find out what kind of thing he/
she likes and make a suggestion from the college brochure. Each
Unit 3: The brain

course involves four lessons. Explain what each lesson involves and
why. You should make the class sound really interesting and appealing.

Student B
You want to take up a new hobby, but you don’t know what you’d 31
like to do. You are visiting an adult education college and you want to
choose something new. Ask about the various activities in the brochure
and try to find out if it is right for you and what the course involves.
 3 Lesson 2

LANGUAGE BUILDER
A Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with the words in the box.

amazing capable forgetful limit memorable memory recall recent remember

1 2 3
I remember it well. It I’m sorry, I don’t
This is the most
was the most his
day of
holiday name ... No, wait! I
my life.
we ever had. it now!

4 5 6
My
I pushed myself
How could I be so
to the
of this will !
.
never fade.

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7 8
She’s always been This is the most

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ER
with home picture of Jax—it
improvement. was taken yesterday.

AT
B Match the words from A to C Complete the text with words from A.
M
the definitions. Two words are
synonyms and match to one Learning by heart after the age of fifty can’t be easy. We become more
D

definition. (1) with age. The middle-aged often complain that their
TE

1 having difficulty remembering or (2) becomes less reliable too. They should know a place like the
likely to forget back of their hand, but all of a sudden they are unable to (3) a
small detail. Now you see it, now you don’t. Consequently, the elderly
H

forgetful
unwittingly become choosy about what they actually do (4) .
IG

2 bring to one’s mind, think of again (5) events are more likely to stick in the mind, whereas the
 mundane and everyday tasks are quickly discarded. So, could there be an age
R

3 very impressive, causes surprise (6) to our ability to learn? According to a (7) study,
PY

 there might be. The young are more (8) when it comes to
learning because their brains are fairly empty and ready for new information,
4 fit, clever, able to achieve things
whereas, this is not the case for adults. They are reusing the space that they
O

 have. However, once you’ve learned a thing or two you definitely improve at
C

5 a past event that happened very using knowledge to its best advantage.
close to the present

6 something you cannot or do not D In pairs, talk about a E Report your partner’s
want to forget memorable event. memorable event to the class.

7 the power to remember things

• Think of an important event in your life F Discuss the questions in
or someone close to you. groups.
8 a line beyond which you cannot
• Say whether or not it was a recent
proceed, the furthest you can go 1 Are you forgetful or do you know
event.
 • Describe all the details you remember. of someone who is? What sort of
• Say what was important/memorable/ things do you/they forget?
amazing about it.
2 Do you know your limits? Can you
think of instances where you have
B2.2

reached your limit?

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
32 3 Do you consider yourself capable?
Learn something by heart. In what ways?
Learn/know a thing or two.
Know something like the back of one’s hand.
 3

Modals for speculation / deduction (present)

Mary should be at home by now. I saw her walking He’s only two and he can already write.
that way hours ago. Do you think he might be a genius?

Elena can’t seem to concentrate. I think she James isn’t progressing. He must be used to
may have a learning disability. another learning style.

Mark could be in the library. That’s where he Mario can’t be at the office. I just saw him
usually studies. at a restaurant with his wife.

Lisa might still be at work. She said she was

really busy this week.

G Answer the questions. H Correct the incorrect modals in each sentence.

L
1 Which modal verb do we use when 1 Those must be my personality quiz results. I never took the test.
we feel sure that something is true

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because there is strong evidence? 2 Carla may have had an accident, I’m certain I saw her in A&E at the hospital.

ER
must 3 What’s wrong with you today? This job could be easy for you. You’ve done it
2 Which modal verbs do we use so many times before.
when we think something is
possible, but we’re not sure? AT
4 These results can’t be correct because the computer is extremely reliable.
5 That should be a really amazing place to go on holiday. The beaches look
M
3 Which modal verb do we use when stunning.
we are certain that something is 6 The teacher must not be right about his learning difficulties; he didn’t have a
D

not true? problem in his last school.

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7 Doctors can’t know more about the brain nowadays but it still remains very
4 Which modal verb do we use to much a mystery.
express criticism or disapproval?
H
IG

5 What form of the verb are the I Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
modals above followed by? first sentence. Use no more than five words including the word given.
R
PY

1 Perhaps he is an author. (write)

He books.
J
O

In pairs, look at the photos.

2 I’m sure you’ve made a mistake. (be)
Make deductions about what
C

There mistake.
might be happening in each
person’s life at the moment. 3 Surely she hasn’t forgotten her wedding day! (should)
She wedding day.

She might have a 4 I don’t think Alisha and Bart get on because they’re always arguing. (can’t)
headache. Alisha and Bart they’re always arguing.

5 I’m certain this is their address. I recognize that tree. (they)

I recognize that tree so here.

6 If your son is very active he’s likely to be a kinesthetic learner. (could)

Your son because he’s very active.
Unit 3: The brain

K Work in groups. What deductions have you made about the brain so
far in this unit? From your personal experience, what can you deduce
about medicine and how it is progressing and affecting people’s
health? 33
 3
Educational DVDs for infants will improve your child’s IQ. Fact or Fiction?
Is it wrong to want your child to be intelligent? Don’t all parents
want their child to acquire a level of excellence that they can
be proud of? It seems only natural to hope for the best. But, are
parents going about it in the right way?
One growing trend in America
in the last decade has been the
‘educational’ DVD. Some of these
are recommended from the age of six
months. They claim to boost language
ability and learning in babies and
toddlers. However, recent studies
have shown that small children
exposed to this kind of stimulation will
become proficient in language at a
much slower rate. In fact, the analysis
revealed that for every hour per day
spent watching baby DVDs, toddlers
understood an average of six to eight
words fewer than those who did not
view them. Between the ages of six to
eighteen months when the language
learning mechanism really starts to
kick in, exposure to such DVDs could
prove detrimental, as they take away
precious and necessary moments of
human contact.
Unfortunately, it is not just language
that is affected by watching DVDs
or TV. There is a direct correlation
R
between excessive TV watching and
PY
poor attention span. The more TV
young children watch, the shorter
O
their attention span later in life. This
ultimately has a negative effect
C
academically and socially. Children
can’t concentrate on school work, and
reality appears to be of little interest.
The American Academy of
Paediatricians must have known
what they were doing when in 1999
they began discouraging exposure
to television in the under twos. In my
opinion, they should have extended
the age limit to four. Clearly, children
process information more effectively
during face-to-face interaction.
B2.2
34
In other words, the parent, carer, or
teacher is the most valuable tool and
there is no better stimulation than
sitting down and playing, singing,
or reading with your child. The
makers of these DVDs are guilty of
misleading parents, because they are
not creating the little Einsteins that
they claim to. Equally, parents should
be able to discriminate between
good and bad ways of occupying
their children. Frankly, there is no
ER
substitute for good old-fashioned one-
on-one contact. If parents continue
AT
to use DVDs and TV then it needs
to be controlled and, in the case of
small children, it should be providing
M
a spring board for interaction, not the
main entertainment.
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READING STRATEGY
Read through the text quickly
to get the main idea. Then
read it again. Try to differentiate
between what is based on
fact and what is the author’s
opinion. Sometimes opinion is
expressed indirectly through
tone and implication.
Which brings me back to the initial
question. Can we improve a child’s
intelligence? Some studies indicate
a difference between children who
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grow up monolingual or bilingual.
IA
Studies have indicated that early
exposure to a second language can
improve a child’s cognitive abilities.
They might demonstrate improved
communication, critical thinking, and
problem-solving skills. Also, some
multilingual children are said to be
better able to focus their attention
because they must constantly
switch between languages. This
has triggered a tendency to
introduce additional languages in
education much earlier. But whether
multilingualism improves IQ is
debatable.
In any case, although it has been
used for many years, I no longer
see the IQ test as a valid indicator of
intelligence. It is a test best suited to
a certain socio-economic segment of
society, a segment that is becoming
smaller and smaller. Besides, is our
intelligence really affected by external
factors? Many cognitive specialists
believe that our intelligence is 70–
80% genetic. To be honest, I agree.
We are what we are. So, what can
we do for our children? Well, clearly,
very little with TVs and DVDs. What
we can do is show understanding,
provide careful guidance, and strive
to be good educators. If we have
brought up happy, responsive, and
well-adjusted children that can
function in the real world, then IQ test
scores are of little relevance.
 Lesson 3 3

READING
A Read the article quickly. Which statement is not true? B Work in pairs. How are these
statements relevant to the
a The author believes that face-to-face interaction with children is best. article? What does each tell
b In the author’s opinion, children should not watch as much TV. you about these people’s
c According to the author, you can improve your child’s IQ with the right opinions on education?
education.

C Read the article again and circle the correct answers. ‘The mind is not a vessel to be
filled but a fire to be kindled.’
1 Most parents are not educating 5 DVD production companies
their children in the correct way. have admitted their products are - Plutarch
a right misleading.
b wrong a right plus character—
‘Intelligence
c doesn’t say b wrong al of true
that is the go
c doesn’t say education.’
2 Toddlers who watch a lot of TV King Jr.
- Martin Luther
acquire language more slowly than 6 The American Academy of
children who don’t. Paediatricians recommends no TV
‘I have never let my schooling

L
a right until the age of four.

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b wrong a right interfere with my education.’
c doesn’t say b wrong - Mark Twain

ER
c doesn’t say
3 Children who begin watching TV at
six months have severely impaired 7 The author feels that most of our
language abilities.
a right a right
AT
intelligence is genetic.
D Write five questions and
b wrong b wrong exchange them with a partner.
M
c doesn’t say c doesn’t say Then answer your partner’s
questions.
D

4 The author believes that playing, 8 The author is not convinced that
reading, and singing are the best multilingualism improves IQ.
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tools for learning. a right Does the author believe

a right b wrong children should never
H

b wrong c doesn’t say watch DVDs?

IG

c doesn’t say
R

E Complete the summary in your F Circle the correct answers.

own words.
PY

1 Babies don’t speak until around 4 Her twins are so similar it’s
eighteen months, but they start __ impossible to __ between the two
O

language much earlier. of them.

a discriminating a discriminate
C

• Watching DVDs between six and b studying b acquire

eighteen months of age could be
c processing c process
detrimental because
(1) 2 People who are __ often feel 5 It takes perseverance and practice
slightly more confident in one of to become __ in a second
their two languages. language.
• Excessive TV watching can cause a monolingual a bilingual
(2) b bilingual b proficient
c multilingual c monolingual
• Children should only watch DVDs or 3 Many social psychologists believe 6 He has a collection of rare books
TV when that the __ to learn and improve that must have taken years to __.
(3) has little to do with genes and a process
Unit 3: The brain

much to do with environmental b discriminate

factors.
• Bilingual children might have better c acquire
a ability
(4)
b study
c mechanism WORD WORK
• IQ tests are no longer a reliable 35
affect is usually used as a verb it means to influence.
indicator of intelligence because
TV affects young children negatively.
(5)
effect is usually used as a noun and means result.
TV has a negative effect on young children.
 3

WRITING
G Complete the letter using the correct form of the words in bold.

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to make an official (1) regarding a series of DVDs produced by your complain
company. These DVDs make the claim that they are (2) and (3) for educate, suit
babies and toddlers. You say they will ‘boost language development and speed up language
(4) . Give your child a head start.’ I wrongly assumed that your product acquire
(5) was accurate. However your company cannot possibly have (6) describe, research
the effects that these DVDS have on cognitive (7) . Recent studies now indicate able
that this kind of product is (8) to a child’s linguistic development. I will be seeking detriment
(9) advice regarding this flagrant misuse of the word ‘educational’. In the meantime I law
expect a full refund on all five DVDs.

Yours faithfully,
Robert M. Trent

L
H Read the email and the notes. Write an email to Jessica using the I Look at the article on page 34.

IA
notes. Write about 160 words.

ER
1 Underline the sections that show
From: Jessica Unwin the authors opinion.
Subject: Toby AT 2 What phrases does the author
use to express opinion?
M
Dear Robert,
3 Which of the opinions might be
D

I’m really worried about Toby. He still hasn’t said a word. I expected him to have disagreeable to parents reading
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started speaking by now. How old? this article?

Didn’t you send your son James to a speech therapist? Did it help? 4 Think of some arguments that could
H

Yes. Say how it helped. be used to justify disagreement.

IG

I can’t really understand why he isn’t speaking. I mean I’ve been showing him so
many educational DVDs and they haven’t really helped at all. Don’t you use them?
R

No! Say why.

PY

I’m thinking of complaining to the company. Agree, tell her what you have done. Single parents may have no choice
but to use the TV because...
Anyway, let me know what you think as soon as possible. I’m really worried.
O

Many social psychologists believe

C

Regards,
Jessica that intelligence is greatly
affected by environment,
therefore ...

J Match to make sentences. Look at the letter in G for help. K You are going to write a letter
to the editor of the magazine
1 When we do not know the name ¨ a we close the letter with Yours which published the article
of the person receiving the letter faithfully and our name. on page 34. You do not agree
2 We begin a letter ¨ b in the main body of the letter. with some of the writer’s
opinions. You would like the
3 When we are writing a formal letter ¨ c we begin with Dear Sir/Madam.
magazine to write an apology
4 We write our opinions and ¨ d by explaining our reason for for printing some of these
arguments writing. views. Write a plan of your
B2.2

letter.

36 HOMEWORK
L Write your letter (120–150
Complete Activity L at home if words).
necessary.
 Lesson 4 3

LANGUAGE BUILDER
A Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with the words in the box.

believe in blend in concentrate on find out go through hold on look into make up report back

1 2 3
Please don’t
I will
the
my text messages. tight!
matter, madam.
They’re private!

4 5 6
Don’t disturb her, It’s amazing how the I want to
she’s trying to chameleon can what
with that word means
her meditation. its background. exactly.

L
7 8 9 Can you
Do you really I don’t need

IA
books. I can
the power of that a great after the sales

ER
lucky charm? story to tell you. meeting tomorrow?

B Circle the correct answers. C

AT
Complete the text with the correct form of words from A.
M
1 A symptom of hyperactivity is the
inability to hold onto / I recently (1) my old school reports. It was quite an eye
D

concentrate on anything very opener. In those days teachers didn’t (2) the reasons why
TE

long. children might be behaving differently. I must have been perceived as

2 The patient’s medical notes were naughty and an irritation because I just couldn’t (3) with
so extensive that the doctor took the rest of the class. I couldn’t (4) anything the teacher
H

some time to look into / was saying. And what the teacher did say, well, I just couldn’t
IG

go through them. (5) it; in one ear and out the other as they say. When my
mum (6) that I was having such a lot of trouble at school
3 Let’s just try to blend in / make up
R

she took me straight to a specialist to get my ears tested. But he said I

with the other people at the party
PY

suffered from ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Luckily that

so nobody gets suspicious.
doctor (7) offering behavioural therapy rather than giving
4 The key to success is to medication. My hyperactivity is still a bit of a problem now that I’m an
O

believe in / find out your own adult, but I can control it.
ability to achieve your goals.
C

5 Parents who do not take an active

role in their child’s education may
never concentrate on / find out
where the problem areas are.
6 They suspect their son is having
learning difficulties and have asked
the school to go through /
look into the problem.
E Track 7 Listen again.
Which extract ...
D Track 7 Listen and circle the correct answers.
1 Lucy has just found out that __.
a she knows Steven Pinker
b Steven Pinker went to the same
university as her mother
c Steven Pinker went to university
in Canada
2 The speaker had stopped working
because __.
a he had lost his job
3 The relaxation CD is encouraging
people to __.
a concentrate on their breathing
b lie down on the floor
c think about the way they
exercise
4 The speaker thinks Suzie __.
a won’t blend in at the party
b bought her dress in town
Unit 3: The brain

b he was mentally ill c should look into wearing a new

1 takes place after an exercise
class?
2 is about fashion?
3 implies that a psychologist was
needed?
4 refers to some reading material?
c his friends made him feel his outfit
work was no good
F In pairs, interview your partner. 37
1 Did you have trouble concentrating on anything at school? What sort of
things?
2 What kind of skills do you think people acquire from going to university?
 3

G Match to make sentences.

Modals for speculation / deduction (past)
I can’t find my phone. I could have
left it at work, or maybe in the gym.
Herbert may have had to work late.
He has a project to finish this week.
Wanda might have gone to the
library. That’s where she likes to study.
H Correct the mistakes in each sentence.
1 His mother can’t have find out about the accident. She would be here.
Tracy must have worked very hard
to get where she is today.
I can’t have left my phone at work.
I called you after I got home.
Then write the modal phrases
under the correct headings.
1 They can’t have realized we ¨
were arriving today,
2 You must have spent your ¨
entire month’s wages on those
boots;
3 She might have found out ¨
about what you did because
4 A student could have borrowed ¨
the book and not given it back;
5 I may have made a mistake ¨
about James;

2 That must taken a lot of courage. Thank you for admitting your mistake. a they do tend to lose things.

L
3 He might didn’t have heard you. I don’t think his hearing is very good. b she did look a bit upset today.

IA
4 I could have forgotten my house keys because I leave them in the door lock c I know how much they cost!

ER
and I locked it when I left. d perhaps his intentions are
honorable.
5 Martha may been given that necklace by someone. Don’t assume that she
stole it. e otherwise our rooms would be

6 A century ago they might have known almost nothing about the brain
AT ready!

because most major discoveries have been made in the last decade.
M
perhaps
7 He can’t understand my message because he isn’t here. might have found
D

8 Dan maybe has crashed the car because he says there’s been an accident.
TE

I
H

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the definitely
first sentence. Use no more than five words including the correct past
IG

model.
R

1 I am one hundred percent sure that 4 I think perhaps your doctor has
PY

they didn’t see me. I wasn’t even considered treating the problem in a
there. different way.
They Your doctor definitely not
O

because I wasn’t even there. treating the problem in a different

C

2 It’s possible that she wasn’t able
to fully hear the lecture. She has a
40% hearing loss.
She
the lecture. She has a 40% hearing
loss.
3 I’m sure the family have not found
out about the problem because
they haven’t done anything about it.
That family
because they haven’t done anything
about it.
K Work in pairs. Write another situation like the one in J. Then swap with
B2.2
way.
5 Don’t jump to conclusions. It’s
possible that she has been called
away in an emergency.
Don’t jump to conclusions. She
J Work in pairs. Speculate and
in an emergency. make deductions regarding
6 I’m sure I misheard. Surely the flight what led to this situation.
hasn’t been cancelled!
I . A man came home from work. It
Surely the flight hasn’t been was almost dark. The front door
cancelled! of his house was wide open.
He went inside. The house keys
were lying on the kitchen table.
The car keys were gone. The car

another pair and make deductions about what has happened. Share was in the drive and the engine
your ideas with the class. was running, but the passenger
38 door was open and nobody was
in the car. What do you think has
happened?
 Lesson 5 3

PRE-TASK
A You are going to complete an online personality test. Before you start, look at the pictures. Which personality
adjectives might be relevant to the people in these jobs?

emotional logical objective organized reliable

reserved responsible scientific sociable sympathetic

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AT
M
D
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H

B Work in pairs. Write the C Answer these personality descriptions for you. Put a percentage next
IG

opposites of the adjectives to each description: 0% if it’s totally wrong, 100% if it’s totally right.
in A. Then decide which
R

adjectives describe you. 1 a I am extroverted. I like being actively involved in things. I get 
PY

my energy from being out in the world.

b I am introverted. I get energy from ideas, pictures, and 
memories. I like being alone or with one or two people I feel
O

comfortable with.
C

2 a I am a sensing person. I am interested in the physical reality 

of things, what I can hear, see, touch, or smell. Experience is
more important than words.
b I am intuitive. I pay attention to impressions and meanings. 
I’m interested in new things and what might be possible.

3 a I am a thinking person. I am objective and I like to consider 

the facts. I never act without considering the consequences of
what I do.
b Everything I do is based on feeling. I like to consider how my 
decisions might affect the people involved.

4 a I am a judging type. In my outside life I appear to want things 

Unit 3: The brain

to be organized and planned.

b I am a perceiving type. To others I seem flexible and open to 
different options.

D In pairs, discuss which personality types from C you think you are. 39
 3

TASK
E Search for a free Jung Typology Test online. Take the test. Answer each question as truthfully as possible.

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POST-TASK
AT
M
F In pairs, make a comparison. G In groups, discuss the questions.
D

1 Is your score similar to the 1 How effective is this personality test in your opinion?
TE

impression you had of your

2 How might this type of personality test be useful for employers?
personality?
3 What might have caused you to get unreal results?
H

2 Where do the results differ?

IG
R
PY
O
C

H Discuss your results and

analysis with the class.
B2.2

40
LET’S START!
Think of a film in each movie
genre. Which genre do you
UNIT 4
prefer? Discuss.

Performing
• science fiction
• romantic comedy
• black comedy
• horror

arts
• western
• psychological thriller
• action

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AT
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D
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H
IG
R
PY
O
C

UNIT OBJECTIVES
Unit 4: Performing arts

What is your favourite movie? Why?
 Listen to performers in a
musical production
 Discuss different performances
 Read film reviews
 Write a film review for a TV
guide 41
 Create a leaflet for a
performing arts festival
 4 Lesson 1

LANGUAGE BUILDER
A Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with the correct form B Match the words from A to the
of the words in the box. definitions.
1 make you think of
buff up on engage in remind (me) of
confront with pair up tune in 2 succeed in or accomplish
drag on pull off turn out
3 continue for too long at a slow and
boring pace
4 take part, be involved in
1 2 3
5 make a couple
We The film
Let’s 6 bring face-to-face with something
to the radio every to be a
for this dance.
morning. disappointment. 7 improve
8 be found to be, prove to be

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9 connect to, listen to
4 5 6

ER
I was
His dog C Complete the sentences with
the problem in
him.
AT
This seminar is really
! the correct form of the words
the lift. from A.
M
1 Actors Jack Lemmon and Walter
D

Matthau for eight

memorable films.
TE

7 8 9
2 Directors don’t like being
H

unrealistic
He wants to They are How did he demands from actors.
IG

his Spanish. a heated debate. that stunt? 3 Clint Eastwood once

R

a legal dispute
PY

with a furniture company for calling

D Track 8 Listen and circle T (true) or F (false). their chairs ‘Clint’ and ‘Eastwood’.
O

1 T / F Dion thinks this year’s ceremony was not a success.. 4 At 9 hours and 17 minutes long,
2 T / F Seth MacFarlane had never presented at the Oscar’s ceremony before. The Lord of the Rings trilogy really
C

3 T / F Dion feels Seth MacFarlane did a bad job as presenter. !

4 T / F According to Dion, more people watched the 85th Oscars than the 5 Talented directors can
previous year. great special
5 T / F Seth MacFarlane had to improve his singing skills for the job. effects that are not computer
6 T / F The awards ceremony lasted too long. generated images.
7 T / F MacFarlane will probably present the show again next year.
6 Just to any
conversation in Hollywood’s top
E Interview a partner. restaurants to hear gossip about
1 What do you think of award ceremonies such as the Oscars, Golden Globe the stars.
Awards, or the Emmy’s?
7 Despite the hype surrounding Iron
2 If you were a presenter of one of these ceremonies what would you do? Man 3, it to be a
3 Did you watch any Oscar nominated films this year? What did you think of fatal flop.
them?
B2.2

8 If she wants to be famous she

should her acting
42 skills.
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
9 He a young Brad
Steven Spielberg is a talented director—he’s a tough act to follow.
Pitt.
Having a house in the city and the countryside is the best of both worlds.
 4

F Complete the grammar rules.

Defining relative clauses
1 We use to add necessary
In Killing them Softly, Brad Pitt plays a mob hit man who is hired to find and
or extra information about people.
eliminate three small-time criminals.
The movie West of Memphis is about three teenage boys who spent time in 2 We use to add extra
jail for a crime they didn’t commit. information about people or things.
It’s a play that/which shows ordinary people adapting to extraordinary 3 We use to add extra
circumstances.
or necessary information about
Their new album is a disappointment, full of songs that/which are clichéd and
things.
conventional.

G Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses. H Rewrite the sentences

1 David Mamet is an American playwright. He has a unique writing style. correctly.
 1 Jennifer Lopez is one of the stars
2 He wrote a play. It won him the Pulitzer Prize. who she was nominated for a

L
 ‘worst actress of the century’

IA
3 Adele is a singer and songwriter. She has made two albums. Razzie.


ER


4 Skyfall is a Bond film. It made Adele’s song, of the same name, famous.
 2 Are Oscars only awarded to people
5 Leonardo DiCaprio is an actor. He has done a lot of charity work.
AT which deserve them?



M
6 The Globe Theatre is a playhouse in London. It shows performances of
3 A play which it involves singing and
Shakespeare’s plays.
D

dancing is known as a musical.



TE


I Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the 4 Les Miserables is a musical who
H

first sentence. Use no more than five words including the word given. it is based on the novel by Victor
IG

Hugo.
1 Bad reviews didn’t make the film a failure. It was the poor performance of the 
actors. (made)
R


It was the poor performance of the actors a 5 The opera Rigoletto tells the story
PY

failure, not the bad reviews. of a self-centred playboy who does

2 What was that actor called? He starred in No Country for Old Men. (name) try to seduce women.
O

What was the starred in No Country for Old 

Men? 
C

3 Some negative media coverage can be positive for people in the performing 6 The Beatles’ album who became
arts. (is) the most famous of their career is
There is some negative coverage for people in probably Revolver.
the performing arts. 
4 I took acting classes and they helped me get my first role on stage. (that) 
The helped me get my first role on stage.
5 Penelope Cruz appears to sing in the film Volver, but she is only miming. J In pairs use that, which, or
(sung) who to write a sentence about
In the film Volver, the song by Penelope Cruz three films you like. Then write
is only mimed. a Did you know? question.
Unit 4: Performing arts

6 Beethoven’s ninth symphony was his final and most well-known composition. Then ask another pair your
(that) questions.
The composition well-known for is his ninth
and final symphony. Thelma and Louise is a movie
about two women who go on a
road trip. Did you know it’s the film
that made Brad Pitt a star?
43
K Discuss in pairs. Would you like to be a famous director or actor?
Why? Do actors’ lives seem attractive in comparison to ordinary Yes I did. He plays the
people’s? hitchhiker who robs them.
 4 Lesson 2

COMMUNICATION
A Track 9 Listen and circle the correct answers.
1 Teresa asks for a paper bag
because __.
a she wants to put her apple in it
b it helps her breathe
c she feels sick
2 Teresa is nervous because __.
a there’s a film critic in the audience
b she has had too much chocolate
c she has had too much coffee
3 In Molly’s opinion __.
a The Man from Oz deserved a bad
review
b The Man from Oz was a great
musical
5 Teresa dislikes singing with
Sebastian because __.
a he is not a good singer
b he makes her feel inadequate
c she dislikes him
6 Kelly is __.
a the person who used to have
Teresa’s role
b one of the other actresses
c Sebastian’s girlfriend
7 Teresa is most interested in
Catherine Zeta-Jones’ __.
a position in the audience
b clothing
B Track 9 Listen again.
Circle T (true) or F (false).
1 T / F The women speaking are
already on stage.
2 T / F Teresa often gets nervous
before going on stage.
3 T / F Victor Callow is a theatre
critic for the magazine Reviewer.
4 T / F Molly thinks Hugh Jackman
is talented.
5 T / F Kelly was the person who
used to have Molly’s role.
6 T / F Teresa doesn’t have to put

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c Victor Callow always writes bad c partner on her own make-up.

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things
8 Before going on stage, Teresa __. 7 T / F ‘Break a leg’ means good

ER
4 Molly gets annoyed with Teresa a checks the audience luck.
because __. b puts on some lipstick
8 T / F Catherine Zeta-Jones is an
a she wanted to get the lead role
b she often complains
c does a brief warm-up AT actress that they dislike.
c she thinks Teresa is hoping for
M
praise
D

C Track 9 Listen again. D Read the tabloid excerpt and circle the correct answers.
TE

Complete the sentences.

1 a perform 4 a sensation 7 a levels
H

b showing b sentiment b rows

c performance c sympathy c lines
IG

2 a main 5 a review 8 a balconies

R

b lead b critic b stalls

c top c critical c boxes
PY

1 Teresa says that nervousness is

not something 3 a nervous 6 a spectator 9 a spots
b nervy b crowd b lights
O

.
c nerved c audience c curtains
C

2 Molly says Teresa is worked up

because the critic
.
On the night of Teresa’s first (1) __ in the (2) __ singing role of the
3 Victor Callow is a theatre critic hit musical Michigan City, she was extremely (3) __. In fact, she
. almost had a panic attack. This (4) __ wasn’t helped by the
fact that she had drunk an enormous amount of coffee and a
4 Florence tells Teresa to stop well-known and notoriously negative film (5) __ was sitting in
worrying about things the (6) __. And he was seated only three (7) __ from the stage.
. In addition to this unfortunate presence, the actress Catherine
Zeta-Jones was seated in one of the (8) __. Despite her fellow
5 Molly says first night nerves are performers telling her everything would turn out fine and that
something under the (9) __ she would forget all about the anxiety, she just
. couldn’t shake the feeling of foreboding. She hoped she wouldn’t
6 Jo says Catherine Zeta-Jones is literally break a leg for this show.
someone
B2.2

.
E In pairs, discuss this quote. Do you agree with it? Why do you think
44 Terence Mann said it?
‘Movies will make you famous. Television
will make you rich, but theatre will
make you good.’ ~ Terence Mann
 4

F Interview a partner.

1 I most enjoy __. 3 I like concerts that are __.

a classical music concerts or opera a in big auditoriums or concert halls with excellent
b music festivals with all sorts of entertainment acoustics
c seeing any great band live b in venues where you don’t have to sit down
c outside in parks
2 When I go to a concert I want to __.
a sit back and enjoy the music 4 When I go to a concert, the most important thing is __.
b get involved and dance and sing a the music
c listen and discuss what I’m hearing with a friend b the excitement and fun
c the venue and the show

G Work in pairs. Brainstorm as H In groups, conduct a survey.

many adjectives as you can
for each picture. Compare and
contrast. What kinds of people

L
might be at these concerts?

IA
ER
SURVEY FORM. 2342 2A

NAME
DATE

TASK
(DD/MM/YYYY) AT
1 Interview your partner.
M
2 Swap your table with another pair.
D

3 Collect and collate the information in groups.

TE

4 Report to the class.

QUESTIONS PARTNER 1 PARTNER 2

H

1
IG

favourite type(s)
of music
R
PY

2
three favourite
songs of all time
O
C

3
best live concert

4
worst live concert

5
three favourite
bands/composers
Unit 4: Performing arts

SN 23421320 00 2A

I Work in pairs. Imagine you are going to be on Desert Island Discs. Create a playlist of five songs. Share your
45
playlist with the class and explain the significance of each song.
 4 Lesson 3

LANGUAGE BUILDER
A Match the words in the box to the definitions. B Complete the sentences with
words from A.
inspiring role soap opera
moving scene (to) star 1 Will Daniel Craig continue to play
plot soundtrack well-produced the lead in James
Bond films?

1 a small section of a film or TV programme 2 I watched the film twice because

the was so
2 (to be) the actor who plays the leading character complicated.
3 the part an actor plays in a film or play
3 The of the film Into
4 the musical score of a film or TV series the Wild was written by the lead
5 a TV programme that is shown in installments which involves the same vocalist from Pearl Jam.
characters in their everyday lives 4 My favourite in
6 causes you to feel emotion Pulp Fiction is when John Travolta
and Uma Thurman dance.
7 makes you to want to do better things, provides great ideas

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8 the story in a film which slowly unfolds as you watch 5 The film was so
even Jake had tears in his eyes.

ER
9 a good quality production
6 This is addictive! I
can’t stop myself from watching it
C Complete the biographies with words from A. AT on a daily basis.

7 If science fiction films aren’t

M
the imagery looks
fake.
D
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8 James Cameron wants an

unknown actor to
Daniel Day-Lewis rose to fame in 1989 when he (1) in in his upcoming film.
H

the film My Left Foot. It was a (2) portrayal of Christy

IG

Brown, the Irish writer and painter who had Cerebral Palsy and could
only paint and write with his left foot. Lewis won an Academy Award D Work in pairs. Think of a
R

for best actor for the (3) . He has since won two more film you really enjoyed. Your
partner asks questions to try
PY

best actor awards. His achievements in the performing arts are truly
(4) since he is the only actor in history to have won to guess which film you are
three best actor awards. thinking about. Then swap
O

roles.
C

E In pairs, discuss the

questions.
The British actress Anna Friel became well-known as the character
Beth Jordache in the long-running British (5) Brookside. 1 Do you watch any soap operas?
In 1994, not long before the series ended, Friel was involved in a Which ones?
highly controversial (6) where two women kiss. It was 2 Do you think some soap operas
the first of its kind in British television history. provide good quality viewing?
3 Why do you think they appeal to
people?

In my opinion, soap operas

Director Quentin Tarantino’s films are famous for their carefully picked and are entertaining. They’re
well-produced and appeal
often obscure (7) . According to Tarantino, who has an
to people because they’ve
enormous record collection, it is music which inspires the (8) .
B2.2

got gripping plots.

Once he has chosen the music the story follows.
46
 4

F Tick the true statements.

Non-defining relative clauses Correct the false ones.
Brad Pitt, who has starred in such movies as Fight Club and Moneyball,
is married to Angelina Jolie. 1 Non-defining clauses add extra,
Maya, who is played by Jessica Chastain, is a determined CIA agent. but not necessary information, to
the main clause.
The play, which has won several awards, has been running on Broadway for 
16 months.
The concert, which was scheduled for tomorrow night, has been cancelled. 2 If you remove the relative clause,
Peter Jackson created great special effects in the film The Lord of the Rings, the main clause does not make
which was filmed in New Zealand. sense.


3 You must use commas when you

G Correct the sentences.
1 Daniel Day-Lewis which is an
Academy Award winner has had
H Rewrite the sentences with add a non-defining relative clause
non-defining relative clauses. to a main clause.

1 Vivienne Leigh starred in the film

L
a leading role in only five feature Gone With The Wind. Leigh suffered 4 In non-defining relative clauses,

IA
films. from mental illness later in life. you can use the relative pronoun
  who or that to add extra

ER
  information about people.
2 The award, that was presented by  
Billy Crystal, has pride of place in 2 Every year, the Albert Hall in London
his lounge.
AT
hosts the proms. The proms are a 5 In non-defining relative clauses you
can only use the pronoun which to
 series of classical music events.
M
  add information about things.
3 The director of the production,  
D

which is also the playwright, is 

TE

having problems getting funding. 3 The Mariinsky is thought to be one

 of the best ballet companies in the I Work in groups of three.
 world. It used to be known as the
H

4 The novel Beautiful Creatures, Kirov Academy of Ballet.

IG

which it has been made into a 

movie, was written by two authors. 
R

 
PY

 4 In the film Dirty Dancing, Patrick

5 Mozart who composed more than Swayze did all his own stunts. Dirty
600 pieces of music had died by Dancing has now reached cult
O

Say a sentence about film,

age 35. status.
music, or theatre using a
C

 
non-defining relative clause.
 
Student 2 adds an extra piece
6 The first Emmy Awards that they 
of information using a relative
are the TV equivalent of Academy 5 Ben Affleck was named best clause. Then student 3 begins
Awards were presented in 1949 in director for his film Argo at the a new sentence. See how long
Los Angeles. Academy Awards. He is married to you can keep the theme going.
 Jennifer Garner.
 
Jennifer Garner was in
 the series Alias.

J Work in pairs. Write down key
Unit 4: Performing arts

Jennifer Garner, who is

words: people, things, and married to Ben Affleck,
adjectives. Then see if your was in the series Alias.
partner can link them up.
• Vanessa Mae
Ben Affleck made
• Violinist the film Argo.
Vanessa Mae, who is a famous
British violinist, was only • Famous
ten when she made her • only ten 47
Ben Affleck made the film
professional debut.
Argo, which won an award.
 www.mrlist.blogsphe re . c o m /
Mr. List
A LIST OF THINGS THAT
MATTER TO ME
50
UPDATED
films TO SEE
TODAY BEFORE YOU DIE?
This past week I’ve been reading through some
lists of ‘must see’ movies. ‘50 films you should
see before you die,’ that kind of thing. Clichéd I
know, but instead of giving my opinion on what’s
just come out, I thought I’d write about some films
from the past and give my opinion on whether you
should see them. Here are the first three I picked
from the list:
Alien (1979)
In Alien, we follow a seven man crew in cryosleep
TE
en-route to earth. They are onboard a huge
space freighter, the Nostromo. Their deep sleep is
interrupted however, when the computer picks up a
H
foreign radio signal. It originates from an uninhabited
IG
planet and the crew lands to investigate. There they
make contact with an alien life-form.
R
Ridley Scott’s plot is simple yet gripping; you
PY
literally do not want to miss one moment of this
film. His directing is flawless and he maintains a
O
high level of tension throughout by only showing
glimpses of sections of the alien. The acting from
C
Sigourney Weaver as Ellen Ripley, who is the very
first female heroine in science fiction history, is
exceptional; and the special effects for the time it
was made are masterful. Nothing should be added
or taken away from this film; it is science fiction at
its very best. Any self-respecting movie lover should
give this their full attention.
If we could base a film’s quality on the number
of rip-offs created afterwards, this film is truly a
masterpiece. It is the original alien film.
READING STRATEGY
Only look for details in your text on the
B2.2
second read through. Try to identify the
facts that are written in the text. Use the
48 comprehension questions to help you.
Ferris Bueller’s Day Off (1986)
The title of this film pretty much sums up the contents.
Bueller feigns illness and his parents let him stay at
home from school to recover. However, instead of
remaining in bed, the teen with no respect for authority
decides to make the most of his day off.
Directed by John Hughes, the film features Matthew
Broderick as Bueller, and it is mostly due to Broderick’s
performance that the film achieved cult status.
Although cinematographically the film is nothing
special, it is uplifting, to say the least, because it’s
pretty funny. Ferris does all the things you’d love to do
but don’t dare, with no consequences. The film also
L
has a great soundtrack. It’s no wonder it became a
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blockbuster.
ER
However, I certainly wouldn’t recommend this film,
because I don’t think I am alone in thinking that Ferris
Bueller as a character is truly irritating. He is a self-
AT
centred teen with little respect, who will probably grow
into a loathsome selfish adult. Watch it for a laugh, but
M
don’t take it seriously.
D
Pan’s Labyrinth (2006)
Pan’s Labyrinth is set in post civil war Spain during
Franco’s early years of rule. The events are seen from
the perspective of an 11 year-old girl, Ofelia, who
is living with her fascist step-father and her pregnant
mother.
Two worlds are portrayed in the film—life on a farm
with an aggressive step-father who is fighting the
rebels, and the mystical world of the labyrinth where
Ofelia must complete her quest. The two worlds
are clearly interwoven in this magnificent film where
fantasy is a symbolic representation of reality.
The film is a true fairy tale, yet it is filled with
disturbing images of violence and horrific computer
generated creations, which make it most definitely
a fantasy film for adults only. In fact, it could almost
be classed as a horror film, which is the genre that
director Guillermo Del Toro is most well-known for.
In my opinion, this film definitely deserved the
numerous awards it won. If, like me, you are a lover
of clever imagery, absorbing symbolism, and foreign
films, then watch this more than once. On a scale of
zero to five, this is definitely a five.
In my next installment I’m going to be looking at the Alfred
Hitchcock thriller Vertigo along with Stanley Kubrick’s sci-fi
masterpiece 2001: A Space Odyssey and one more gangster
epic yet to be revealed. Can you guess which one?
CONTACT TERMS & CONDITIONS SUPPORT
 Lesson 4 4

READING
A Skim the reviews. Which B Work in pairs. What does C Read the reviews again and
phrase best describes the the term ‘cult film’ mean? circle the correct answers.
writer? How does a film become a 1 According to the author, which film
a film critic cult film? What films would ought to be watched more than
you include in a ‘50 films you once?
b cinema-goer should see before you die’ a Alien
c film director list?
b Pan’s Labyrinth
c Ferris Bueller’s Day Off
D Answer the questions in your own words. 2 Which film does the author say is
not suitable for children?
1 What is interesting about Sigourney Weaver’s role in Alien?
a Alien
2 How does the director maintain tension in Alien? b Pan’s Labyrinth
3 Why might people think Pan’s Labyrinth is a children’s film? c Ferris Bueller’s Day Off
4 What are the three main reasons the writer recommends Pan’s Labyrinth?
3 In which film is something done for
5 What genre is director Guillermo Del Toro known for? the first time?
6 What is the plot of Ferris Bueller’s Day Off? a Alien

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7 What is the writers opinion of the film Ferris Bueller’s Day Off? b Pan’s Labyrinth

IA
8 Why did Ferris Bueller’s Day Off become a cult film? c Ferris Bueller’s Day Off

ER
4 Which film is in a foreign language?
a Alien
E Complete the article with phrases from the reviews.
AT b Pan’s Labyrinth
c Ferris Bueller’s Day Off
Although Alien is clearly a science fiction film because it is
M
5 Which film has won a number of
(1) a space freighter moving in outer space, it awards?
could also (2) an action film or even a thriller. Many
D

a Alien
films include elements of different genres, and Alien is one of these. As a
b Pan’s Labyrinth
TE

film, it too has (3) cult status, and in the year

following its release it was nominated for, and won, (4) . c Ferris Bueller’s Day Off
6 Which character does the writer
H

If I were to give (5) its cult status is due to the dislike?

IG

directing or the acting, I would say that Sigourney Weaver as the heroine
a Ellen Ripley
is key. Ellen Ripley, (6) , develops in a very
b Ofelia
R

interesting way. The screenplay was originally written with a man in mind.
Consequently, in the film Alien, Ripley is (7) as a c Ferris Bueller
PY

person who thinks for herself, acts, and doesn’t expect help. Alien is truly 7 Which film uses computer
a masterpiece and is (8) film. generated imagery?
O

a Alien
b Pan’s Labyrinth
C

F Circle the correct answers. c Ferris Bueller’s Day Off

1 Happy endings in films are intended 4 The remake of Total Recall became 8 Which film is the most uplifting?
to have an __ effect on the audience. an instant __ despite mixed reviews. a Alien
a gripping a epic b Pan’s Labyrinth
b inspiring b cult c Ferris Bueller’s Day Off
c uplifting c blockbuster
2 Thrillers aim to build up __ to make 5 It is believed that Dorothy, a
dramatic events more effective. character in The Wizard of Oz, was USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
a tension __ of American people and their
b epic values. This film is a ‘must see’.
Unit 4: Performing arts

c symbolic a gripping On a scale of zero to five

b symbolic this is a …
3 The Dark Knight __ a very impressive
c disturbing
car chase scene which is not
computer generated. 6 Rarely is a sequel better than the __
a portrays film.
b features a original 49
c symbolizes b rip-off
c blockbuster
 4

WRITING
G Complete the review with ONE H Read the email and the notes. Write an email to Joanna using the
word in each gap. notes.

MY_MAIL

Turning small budget films into big From: Joanna Freeman

budget musicals is not an easy Date: 3 August
task. Many projects have failed. Subject: This weekend
However, Billy Elliot has (1)
Hi Sara,
a resounding success.
How are things? I’ve not been feeling very well lately, so I’ve been staying at
It tells the story of a young boy
home watching a lot of TV and DVDs—boring. Ask about the films
(2) a working class mining
town (3) makes it to the I finally watched that DVD you lent me. I’ll give it back to you when I see you
Royal Ballet (4) his family’s next. I didn’t think much of it. Why did you think it was a must-see? Give your
prejudices and financial hardship. answer
Anyway, I’ve been feeling much better and I was wondering if you’d
The story follows (5) Billy’s

L
like to go to the cinema this weekend? No. Suggest something else –
success story and the decline of

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Billy Elliot production?
the mining town. It works brilliantly The reason I want to go is because I’ve been watching the Oscars and there

ER
(6) stage, thanks to clever are some pretty good films out, especially that film Argo. I think it’s on locally.
theatre direction by Stephen Did you see the ceremony? Some of it.
Daldry, (7) manages to tell Say what you thought.
the two stories simultaneously. AT
Anyway let me know what you think.
Joanna
The musical score, (8) was
M
written by Elton John, is brilliant.
This, combined with Stephen
D

Daldry’s wonderful choreography

I Work in pairs. Choose two films, one that was very bad, and one that
TE

has actually improved on the

original cinematic concept. The was very good, and fill in the table.
true star of the production is the
H

actor who plays the (9) of Information Good Bad

IG

Billy Elliot. Billy Elliot has had many Film title and genre
different faces over the years, but
R

the current one (10) well Director

PY

be the best yet.

Cast (actors)
(11) the fact that there Plot (synopsis of story)
O

are some slightly clichéd elements

to the show, the good outweighs Special effects
C

the bad by far. The musical has

been running (12) 2005, Soundtrack
but it has aged surprisingly well Any other comments
given the current political climate. I
thoroughly recommend Billy Elliot. Recommendations
On a scale of zero to five I give it
a five.
J Read the review in G again. Circle what is necessary to write a suitable
review.

K Write a short film review for 1 a long introduction about cinema 5 a paragraph giving the negative
a TV guide. Use one of the or theatre aspects of the film
films you wrote notes about in
2 a short introduction and brief 6 a short mention of elements that
I. The review can be positive
synopsis of the plot either made the film better or
or negative. Write 120–150
worse
B2.2

words. 3 a detailed analysis of the film

7 a short conclusion stating the
50 4 a paragraph giving your opinions overall quality of the film
HOMEWORK on various aspects of the film
Complete Activity K at home if 8 a recommendation
necessary.
 Lesson 5 4

PRE-TASK
A You are going to design a leaflet for a performing arts festival in your city. The festival is going to take place
over one week and will involve various types of performances. It should be aimed at both adults and children.
Look at the images and decide what to include in your festival.

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9

L
B

IA
Match the pictures from A to C Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
the phrases.

ER
1 week of / the performing / During the / arts festival / be performed / in all of /
a theatre groups ¨ the London parks / concerts will
b street buskers ¨ 
AT
c ballet ¨ 2 be something / and tastes / for all ages / There will
¨
M
d live bands 
e philharmonic orchestra ¨ 3 venues will / Most concert / be in use
D


f street dance ¨
TE

g puppet shows ¨ 4 the festival / are on sale / Tickets for / at www.artsfestival.org / as well as / at
ticket sellers / London / stationed all over
¨
H

h face painting

¨
IG

i choir
R

D In pairs, choose an entertainment and venue for your festival. Then write a short introduction to describe
PY

your festival.
O
C

Unit 4: Performing arts

51
 4

TASK
E In pairs, create a leaflet to advertise your festival. Include an introduction and what’s on where.

L
IA
ER
AT
M
D
TE
H
IG
R
PY
O
C

POST-TASK
F Present your leaflets to the G Discuss why you think cities around the world organize big performing
B2.2

class. Once everybody has arts festivals. What do you know about the performing arts scene in
presented their leaflets, vote these cities?
52 on the most appealing festival.
Milan London Tokyo
New York Havana Moscow
LET’S START!
Look at the pictures. How
do they relate to the concept
UNIT 5
of law?

Law

L
IA
ER
AT
M
D
TE
H
IG
R
PY
O
C

UNIT OBJECTIVES
 Read about court cases involving
social media
 Write an essay about an aspect
Unit 5: Law

of law
 Listen to a talk about Internet law
 Discuss web crime
management 53
Are different punishments appropriate for different  Present a TV news
crimes? Can crime ever be justified? report
 READING STRATEGY
First, ascertain the main idea of the text. This will
help you to make deductions about sentences
and sections which you might have difficulty
understanding. Remember, sometimes the writer’s
opinion is implied. Try to work out the writer’s opinion
from the general context and the language used.

The Legal Implications of Social Media

L
IA
We live in an age in which we are surrounded by social media. Constantly, ‘… some social networkers
and all the more frequently, we are using it as our primary means of
would benefit from a little

ER
communication. Barely a moment passes without a reminder that someone
has ‘tweeted’ or posted something on their wall, and few are the people education …’
who have not registered with any social networking site. The use of social
AT
media is still relatively new, and not even a decade has passed since we
started using this media, but already it has become a legal minefield. Not
M
only are users finding themselves victims of crimes—identity theft via social should not be accessed without
media is rife—but many are unwittingly finding themselves in violation of our permission. So why should they
D

the law. be used against us? In a number

of recent court cases in the states,
TE

What users are failing to because it was decided that the lawyers have questioned the
understand is that although cyber ‘tweet’ was in fact a prank. It was felt acceptability of using defendant’s
H

communication is very similar to that the above cases were serious social networking pages in order to
speech, in reality it is something enough to bring before the courts, look for evidence. This is a very grey
IG

quite different. Yes, your thoughts and they resulted in penalties for area because you would expect the
and opinions can be shared quickly the guilty parties. However, this is owner of a social networking site to
R

and easily, but putting something just the tip of the iceberg. The cases have the copyright to the content.
PY

in print or on screen is not the same being brought to the attention of law However, often, once you have
as saying it within a conversational enforcers are becoming so numerous posted material it becomes public
context. Once a comment, in print, that police and members of the unless your settings forbid this.
O

is taken out of context, it can be legal profession are in agreement

C

understood in so many different
ways. And since, unfortunately,
everything is accessible on the
Internet, those words can be
used potentially as evidence to
incriminate, or as material for gaining
access to private life.
Recently, a number of cases have
come to light involving ‘tweets’ or
Facebook posts which were felt to
be offensive, negligent, or just plain
suspicious. There can be no doubt
that some of them indeed were and
should not have been disseminated,
as in the case of one British youth
who posted a particularly vicious
B2.2
that greater regulatory measures
need to be put in place. They feel
networking sites need to do more to
protect the public from unnecessary
fear, panic, or offense.
How exactly this should be done is
not clear. Perhaps suspicious content
should be immediately flagged as
such. To a certain degree, regulation
is necessary in addition to clearer
guidelines regarding what is outside
the boundaries of the law. This would
mean that what is presented to the
police has already been filtered
as clearly unacceptable material.
Yet, there is a fine line between
It can be said that some social
networkers would benefit from
a little education on the legal
implications of what they say and
do online. Making them aware of
the boundaries they need to be
enforcing upon themselves would
go a long way towards controlling
what is made public. Many of those
who have been guilty of sharing
inappropriate comments in a social
networking context would probably
be unaware of the legal implications
of their words in a verbal context.
Likewise for those of us who have
been the unfortunate victims of
social media violations, a little more

comment about British soldiers. But
54 others were mere silly jokes. In 2010,
a man was found guilty of sending
a threat to blow up an airport. In
2012, the verdict was overturned
controlling and preventing freedom
of speech, which is something we
have fought long and hard for. Our
personal sites are supposed to be
just that, personal and private, and
restraint in the information that we
make public would go a long way
towards protecting us.
 Lesson 1 5

READING
A Read the article. Which two statements indicate
the author’s opinions?
1 Social networking is not very popular.
2 Social networking is extremely widespread.
3 Social networking sites attract a lot of criminal activity.
4 Social networkers need to be more careful how they
communicate online.
B Discuss in pairs.
1 Are you registered with any social networking sites?
2 Is there any difference between the way you
communicate through social networking sites and face-
to-face communication?
3 Have you, or anyone you know, ever been the victim of
an Internet fraud?

C Read the article again. Circle T (true) or F (false). D Write questions for the answers.

1 T/F T
 he text is only about people who are victims of 1 
crime. For about a decade
2 T/F T
 he author feels that most people use a social 2 
networking system.
The fact that speech and cyber communication are not
3 T/F A
 ccording to the author, words used out of the same thing.

L
context may have a different meaning.
3 

IA
4 T/F P
 olice don’t think networking sites should
He posted a vicious comment about British soldiers.
regulate their users.

ER
4 
5 T/F T
 he author believes all people who put offensive
comments on networking sites should be In 2012
prosecuted.
5 
AT
6 T/F T
 he author feels that there should be clear
M
The police and members of the legal profession
guidelines regarding what can and can’t be said
online. 6 
D

7 T / F In the author’s opinion, freedom of speech is less A little education regarding the things that they can say
TE

important than stricter regulations. and do online

8 T/F A
 ccording to the author, education is more
H

important than regulation.

IG

E Complete the sentences with F Circle the correct answers.

R

phrases from the article.

PY

1 You require to use anything that 2 It is the publishing company who

1 Today we are using social media is the property of someone else. owns the to this book.
as . a permission b protection a permission b copyright
O

2 There are few people these c copyright c agreement

C

days who have not 3 Simple steps can be taken to 4 Without any to prove he is guilty,
social oneself from Internet fraud. there is no point going to court.
networking sites. a identify b protect a evidence b registration
3 Although cyber communication c violate c suspicion
to speech 5 Accessing personal files is a(n) 6 A man was seen behaving in a
in reality it is quite different. of an individual’s right to privacy. manner prior to the robbery.
4 Because all words a permission b violation a copyright b suspicious
the Internet, c agreement c permissive
they can be used to incriminate. 7 The lawyers came to a(n) 8 To avoid becoming a victim of ,
5 Some cases involving offensive regarding the financial settlement. change your passwords regularly.
content a violation b permission a copyright b permission
penalties for the guilty parties. c agreement c identify theft
6 Social networkers
an
Unit 5: Law

education regarding what is

acceptable for posting online.
WORD WORK
7 Some people who have been
SIONS 55
suspicious law – lawyer – legal – illegal – legislation USEFUL EXPRES
content online would not know
crime – criminal – incriminate …
what was acceptable in verbal To a certain degree
suspect – suspicious – suspicion t …
communication. It would seem tha
 5

WRITING
G Circle the correct answers to complete the article. H Read the email and the notes. Write an email to
Jason using your notes. Write about 160 words.
More and (1) Americans are using social media in
their personal and professional lives. (2) fairly recently, MY_MAIL
employers have requested employee passwords in
order to access personal social networking (3) . Is this
justified?
On the (4) hand, employers (5) that they need to
From: Jason Donalds
monitor (6) or not their employees are sharing trade
Date: 18 April
secrets, complying with federal financial regulations, or
Subject: FW: To all shooting stars employees
exposing the company to (7) liabilities. On the other
hand, this is a clear violation of every employee’s (8) to All employees must submit passwords, and access to
privacy. all social media, they may have used during their time
In 2012, state lawmakers introduced legislation (9) working for shootingstars.com. If you do not allow the
employees. Employers can no longer force employees to company full access to all your social networking sites,
submit access to their private Internet accounts in order to we will be forced to take disciplinary action.
keep their jobs. Hi Alec,

L
I’m worried. You know I’ve just started this new job

IA
1 a ever 2 a Up to 3 a webs with shootingstars.com. [Didn’t know, ask about
b many b Now b media the position] Well, something has just happened

ER
c more c For c banks that I need to ask you about. I’ve forwared you the
d less d Until d sites email we’ve just been sent by the bosses. Is this legal?
What you think? [Give your opinion] I’ve never
AT
4 a one 5 a ask 6 a if been asked to do something like this before. What
b other b request b whether shall I do? [Make a suggestion]
M
c same c mean c why
d certain d claim d what I was really excited about getting this job, but now
D

things aren’t looking so good. I don’t really want to

7 a law 8 a right 9 a violating submit access to any of my Internet accounts! I don’t
TE

b legal b belief b suspecting have anything to hide, but it doesn’t seem right.
c court c need c protecting [Agree, say what you would do.]
H

d justice d want d permitting Thanks for your help,

Jason
IG
R
PY

I In pairs, read the case study and answer the questions. J Use the framework to
organize your ideas from I.
O

1 Why did Morton want to keep his Twitter account?

2 Did the blog belong to Melvin Morton or shootingstars.com?
C

Paragraph 1 – Introduction
3 Was shootingstars.com right to take Morton to court? More and more companies are using
4 Who do you think should win this case? social media as a means to advertise
and strengthen their brand. Recently
Case study a case was in the news regarding …
When Melvin Morton worked for shootingstars.com, he was in charge of the
Paragraph 2 – Argument 1
company Twitter account. His username was Melvin_shooting.com. When
On the one hand …
Morton left the company, he had 20,000 followers on Twitter. He asked if he
On the other hand …
could keep his Twitter account, but change the name. The company agreed as
long as he tweeted about their company from time to time. Several months later Paragraph 3 – Argument 2
shootingstars.com began legal proceedings against Melvin Morton arguing that In theory …
he took 20,000 customers with him when he left the company. In reality …
Paragraph 4 – Final opinion
In conclusion, …
I believe …
K
B2.2

Choose ONE topic. Write an essay giving your opinion. Write 120–150
words.
56 1 The courts should not be allowed to use social networking sites to find
HOMEWORK
evidence.
2 Social media users should be allowed to write anything they like on their Complete Activity K at home if
own sites. necessary.
 Lesson 2 5

LANGUAGE BUILDER
A Label the pictures with the words in the box.

bill court
fine fraud
1 2 3 4
jury offender
pass prison
community service    

5 6 7 8 9

    

L
IA
B Circle the correct answers. C Complete the news bulletins with the correct form of the words from A.

ER
1 First time offenders / jurys are
not usually given a very severe
sentence.
2 The defendant appeared in court
get .
AT
1 Legal Eagle says new House of Commons will never
/ prison looking the picture of
M
innocence. 2 Three to close in and around London. First-time to
3 He may not have been sent to be given more in a bid to reduce numbers of inmates.
D

prison, but he will have to pay a 3 Lindsay Lears appears in to appeal her sentence.
TE

heavy fraud / fine . 4  reaches a guilty verdict and Enron CEO convicted of .
4 The jury / court had a long
5 Government to impose hefty on tax evaders.
H

meeting before deciding on the

final verdict.
IG

5 When he was released from

community service / prison ten D
R

Track 10 Listen and match each speaker with the sentence that best
years later, he was a changed man. describes their opinion. There is one extra sentence.
PY

6 Community service / Prison will

a The defendant should not have been sent to prison.
mean doing a menial job for the
b The government needs to offer better protection.
O

public good.
c Being a member of the jury was not easy.
C

7 The rise in numbers of people

using the Internet has led to an d More court cases will follow.
increase in bills / fraud . e The offender ought to do community service.
8 Parliament are discussing a new f People who commit fraud should go to prison.
bill / fraud which would mean
stricter controls on social media. Speaker 1 ¨ Speaker 2 ¨
9 In the UK, a bill cannot be passed
/ fined without the consent of the
Speaker 3 ¨ Speaker 4 ¨
monarch. Speaker 5 ¨

E Role-play in groups. Imagine you are involved in a courtroom drama.

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Choose roles: jury, judge, lawyer, defendant.
Unit 5: Law

I firmly believe that this is

unacceptable. Scenario
As far as I’m concerned, The defendant has committed fraud. Decide on the exact nature of the
the crime is punishable with crime. He/She wants to escape a prison sentence, but cannot afford
to pay a heavy fine. The judge is very strict and thinks this case will set
57
community service.
a legal precedent which should be looked at in government.
 5

F Read the sentence and complete the rule with the

Impersonal passive words in the box.
It has been said (that) more and more people are
It has been said that the laws regarding the use
illegally downloading music.
of social media need to be constantly reviewed.
It is thought (that) the number of copyright lawsuits will
continue to rise this year. passive perception say subject

It was felt (that) the evidence was lacking, so the The impersonal passive is only possible with verbs of
defendant was released. perception (e.g., (1) , see,
think, know). To form the impersonal passive, the
It can be seen that copyright infringement is on the rise.
(2) of the sentence becomes
It and the verb of (3) is put
into (4) voice.

G Correct the sentences. H Complete the second sentence so that it has a

similar meaning to the first sentence. Use no more

L
1 It can said that everyone is guilty of committing some than five words including the word given.

IA
small crime.
 1 Members of parliament are thought to be discussing the

ER
 new bill. (it)
of parliament are
2 It is thought to be that the programme will identify discussing the new bill.
criminal activity.

AT
2 We feel that phishing schemes are on the rise. (felt)
M
 schemes are on the
3 It felt that a plea of insanity would be most effective. rise.
D


3 Some people disagreed with the severity of the

TE

sentence. (thought)
4 It has said that these laws will be reviewed on a quarterly sentence was too
basis.
H

severe.

IG

 4 To a certain degree the judge can be persuaded. (seen)

5 It can be seen repeat offenders will continue behaving the judge is open to
R

outside of the law. persuasion.

PY


 5 The jury were seen to be in total agreement. (that)
the jury were in total
6 It was felt to be the legal team was insufficiently
O

agreement.
dedicated.
C

 6 In the past, people have said that the police are corrupt.
 (been)
the police are corrupt.

I Read the information and then role-play in

pairs. One student is the journalist and the other
student is a spokesperson for the police.
J Work in pairs. Write two general knowledge
opinions, one that is true and one that is false.
Read your opinions to your partner and he/
she responds with an opinion. Then share your
opinons with new pairs.

It is felt that the coalition

government will be voted
Madeleine Price’s house was burgled early in the out in the next elections.
morning. The police are usually outside, but they
B2.2

took a necessary break. The break-in was probably I disagree. It can be said that they
planned. The burglars knew the property well. are doing an excellent job.
58 Perhaps it was someone who knew her. Madeleine
should not take legal action. The police were not
responsible for the breach in security.
 Lesson 3 5

COMMUNICATION
A Track 11 Listen and circle the correct answers. B Track 11 Listen again. Circle T (true) or F (false).

1 The programme will discuss __.
a Martha’s new book
b a famous lawsuit that Mark is involved in
c some of the issues involving Internet law
2 Internet law is tricky because you don’t know __.
a who to prosecute
b what to prosecute
c where and how to prosecute
3 The company Zappos __.
a was the victim of a malware attack
b gave user information away
c were attacked by 24 million users
4 Mark believes that Zappos users __.
a didn’t use the Zappos site correctly
1 T / F Mark Davids has written a book about Intellectual
property.
2 T / F US law differs depending on which state you
are in.
3 T / F Zappos users were fully aware of their legal
position regarding their Internet use.
4 T / F Zappos’ reputation was affected by the lawsuits.
5 T / F According to Mark, most Internet companies
make their terms of use clear.
6 T / F Mark believes everyone should have some
understanding of copyright law.
7 T / F Martha and Mark probably feel that Megaupload
was treated unfairly.
8 T / F During the interview, the presenter regularly

L
b were right to file lawsuits against Zappos expresses her opinion.

IA
c deserved to have their personal information made
public

ER
5 Martha is of the opinion that __. C Track 11 Listen to the first section again and
a Internet users should be more responsible complete the notes.
b Zappos were totally to blame
c Zappos reputation has been ruined
AT Mark Davids is a lawyer. He is (1)
M
6 According to copyright laws, you can __. intellectual property.
a reproduce somebody else’s material if you know them Martha Mandeville is an author. She (2)
D

b only reproduce someone’s material with their Internet Law: Where does it
permission begin; where does it end?
TE

c reproduce any material if you state who created it According to Martha, the Internet is (3)
and as a result people don’t
7 When Megaupload was shut down, __.
H

yet understand its legal boundaries. Lawyers

a all of its content was destroyed
IG

are trying to (4) with

b the US government kept all the content new issues that are arising.
c only pirated content was destroyed
R

Mark explains the case of Zappos who (5)

8 Mark feels that in the case of Megaupload __. by malware. The attack
PY

a the owner was not guilty made the personal data of (6)
b the government were wrong to third party users.
O

c users were not acting within the boundaries of the law Martha (7) that users
should be more conscious of repercussions.
C

D Track 11 Complete the text. Then listen and check your answers. E Discuss the questions in
pairs.
According to Mark Davids, it is wise to follow some basic (1)
laws when it comes to using material from the Internet. No music, text, or 1 How does illegal downloading from
images should be reproduced or used on a personal website without first companies like Megaupload affect
getting (2) from the owner of the material. the film and music industry?
However, Davids’ (3) on the company Megaupload, which was 2 Why do you think it’s so difficult to
guilty of (4) the above laws, is not so clear cut. stop illegal downloading?
The Megaupload (5) case has been ongoing since the closure of
3 How conscious are you about the
Unit 5: Law

the site. It was (6) that the US government abused its authority
material you take from the Internet.
in doing so. Not only did it lead to the destruction of pirated content, but also
Do you worry about copyright?
(7) and legal content.
Davids felt he should (8) the fact that although some of the 59
Megaupload content was dubious, the company should not have been
held fully (9) for the behaviour of its users who were in fact
(10) downloading material.
 5

F Work in pairs. Imagine you work for a magazine. You are going to publish an article called ‘Managing Web
Crime’ to make people more aware of ways to avoid identity theft. Your team of writers has submitted ideas
for subjects to cover in the article. Discuss which three ideas you will cover and why.

Spyware:
Email spoofing:
This may be downloaded without you knowing
People change the header on an email to look it
when you download something else. It sits on
like it comes from someone else and collect your
computer and collects important data by track
personal data. ing
keystrokes.

How to protect yourself from Internet

Phishing and pagejacking: identity theft:
You get sent an official-looking email asking for A list of dos and don’ts.
personal information. The email directs you to click
on a link and give your information. Usually the
page looks like an official website too.

L
Keeping your computer safe:

IA
Guidelines on the steps to take to protect a

ER
computer from malware and spyware.
Vishing:
Voice phishing which begins with a very real phon
call. Often the caller already has your credit card
number and asks for the security number.
e AT
M
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
D

I’d like to emphasize the fact that ...

G In my opinion, ...
TE

Present your decisions to the class and explain

your choices. As far as I’m concerned, ...
I firmly believe that ...
H
IG

H
R

In pairs, create a list of dos and don’ts to avoid identity theft.

PY

Don’t be a victim of identity theft

O

You should always … You should never…

C
B2.2

I In pairs, discuss which of the Internet scams listed in F is most difficult to detect? Why?
60
 Lesson 4 5

LANGUAGE BUILDER
A Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.

coax (something) out of (somebody) confess to confront with cover up

follow up get away with get hold of inform on (somebody) stand up to

1 2 3
You won’t I need to
Look I’ve managed this
this.
to a
The police will find lead. Perhaps I’ll find
getaway car.
you. something.

4 5 We will 6
Don’t try to
You should learn to
the the story
your
corruption. We you
boss.

L
know all about it. eventually, we’re

IA
very patient.

ER
7 8 9
He has I’m worried. I think When
he found out these
stealing the I
AT his facts, he will be
money. crime. forced to agree.
M
D
TE

B Match the words in A to the C Read the passage and circle the correct answers.
definitions.
Al Capone was one of the most notorious Chicago gangland bosses in history.
H

1 provide incriminating information Although he had committed numerous horrific crimes, he always (1) got away
IG

about somebody with / got hold of them. The police were unable to convict him of anything
because nobody was willing to (2) confront with / inform on him and few
R

2 escape a conviction despite having lawyers wanted to (3) stand up / confess to him given his reputation for
PY

committed a crime violence. At first, the FBI could not become involved. They realized he was
(4) covering / following up extensive criminal activity, but didn’t know how to
O

3 look for further evidence based on get at him. In 1929, Capone failed to appear in federal court, claiming he was
clues provided suffering from pneumonia. The FBI (5) stood / followed up their suspicions that
C

4 try to hide a crime or bad deed
5 persuade somebody to provide
information in a ‘gentle’ way
6 not allow yourself to be treated
badly
7 admit that you have done
something, usually bad
8 take possession of something
this was a false claim and managed to imprison him for one year for contempt
of court. It was not until 1931, however, that the FBI managed to (6) coax /
get hold a confession out of Capone. The FBI (7) got hold of / got away with
evidence of extensive tax evasion. Capone (8) informed on / confessed to this
crime and to the crime of producing illegal liquor. However, he never admitted to
being a murderer. He was imprisoned in Alcatraz for seven years.
D Work in pairs. Why do you think people inform on criminals? Are the
informants always innocent?
E Role-play in groups of three.
You are a police team which is currently investigating an important case
Unit 5: Law

of fraud. You have gathered extensive evidence involving computer files,

9 face an unpleasant situation
emails, and access to social networking sites. Some of this evidence
has been provided by an informant.
Use the vocabulary from A to create a dialogue: 61
• assign roles—two team members and the chief of police
• explain what you have found and how
• plan your next course of action
 5

F Invert the sentences using the

Inversions word in bold. What happens to
Never/Rarely/Seldom have we seen such disregard for the law. the auxiliary?
Little did I realize/know I had left my briefcase in the car.
1 I had scarcely sat down when
Under no circumstances should bankers not pay for their crimes.
a thief grabbed my bag from the
At no time did she warn investors of the risk.
table.
Only then/after did I realize I had been swindled.

Hardly/Barely/Scarcely had I arrived home when I heard the awful news. 
No sooner had the file been uploaded than it was copied.
Not only is he a liar, (but) he is also a criminal and thief. 2 The police not only lied, they also
covered up important evidence.


G Look at the sentences in the grammar chart. Which type of inversion
is used? 3 I rarely go to such dangerous
neighbourhoods.
1 When the subject and the main verb switch positions and the word order

becomes verb + subject, it is called a ‘subject-verb inversion’.

L

2 When the subject and the auxiliary switch positions and the word order

IA
becomes auxiliary + subject (+ verb), it is called a ‘subject-auxiliary inversion’.

ER
H Correct the sentences. I Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence. Use no more than five words including the word given.
1 Under no circumstances you
should speak to the defendant.
AT
1 The client had only just entered the building when the alarm went off. (than)
M
 No sooner the alarm went off in the
 building.
D

2 Not only has he confessed to this

2 You must never, no matter what, reveal the identity of your informant. (no)
TE

crime to previous crimes too.

reveal the identity of your informant.

 3 The police got hold of both the thieves and the money. (did)
H

3 No sooner we had boarded the Not hold of the thieves, but they also
IG

plane the announcement was got the money.

made.
R

 4 The gang had no idea they were being watched. (realize)

they were being watched.
PY


4 Seldom we do convict someone of 5 The passengers were never warned of the impending danger. (time)
a crime they haven’t committed.
O

warned of the impending danger.


C

 6 It was only when I opened my front door that I realised I had been burgled. (only)
5 Hardly I had left the office than the I opened my front door, and I had been
bomb exploded. burgled.

7 I am confronted with work problems all day long! (not)

Scarcely a moment passes with work
6 Little knew I that I was letting a problems.
hardened criminal into my home.



J Work in pairs. You want to convince a client to take on a new lawyer. K In pairs, talk about Al Capone
Use these notes and use inversion to add emphasis. Take turns. using inversion. Look at the
text in C for details. What else
• best lawyer in the company do you know about him?
• wins every case Rarely have I seen
B2.2

• bright and charming such a talented Not only was Al Capone an

• knows all the judges lawyer. Never has infamous gangland boss, he
62 • gets great inside information from the police
he been known to also got away with murder.
lose a case.
• extremely well-read
• brilliant but also very modest
• often does pro bono work
 Lesson 5 5

PRE-TASK
A You will be creating and performing a live TV news report based on a real legal case. Choose one of the cases
in this unit: Enron, Megaupload, Zappos, Al Capone, or your own choice. To prepare, use the Internet to make
notes on your case in pairs.

Type of crime
Committed in
Criminals
Legal team
Witnesses
Jury
Victims
Police

L
Evidence

IA
Public opinion

ER
Sentence
Fines AT
M
B Put the words in the correct order. C Choose sentences from B to
D

use in your news report. Write

1 been committed / never has / of this magnitude / a crime
TE

five more similar sentences.


2 a heavy fine / not only / sentenced to / time in prison / but they were also /
H

were they / given

IG


3 been discovered / had the security breach / than thousands / of users /
R

began filing lawsuits / no sooner

PY


4 the ruling / it is felt / is unfair / that
O


C

5 will not / because they are / that witnesses / come forward / afraid of the
repercussions / it is thought


D In pairs, create a short plan showing how your news report will be organized. Decide which elements to talk
about and in what order.

Introduction:

Point 1:
Unit 5: Law

Point 2:

Point 3: 63

Conclusion:
 5

TASK
E In pairs, create your news report. Then rehearse it.












L


IA


ER




AT

M

D


TE




H
IG

LINE DO NOT CROSS POLICE LINE DO NOT CROSS LICE LINE DO NOT CROSS
R

POLIC
CROSESLINEPO DO
DO NOT NOT CROSS POLICE LINE
POLICE LINE DO NOT CR
DO NOT CROSS
PY

POLICE LINE
O
C

POST-TASK
F Present your news report to the class. While listening, rate each report G Discuss your ratings as a
using this criteria: class. How do you think
you could have done things
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 differently?

Quality of information

Variety of English

Variety of information
B2.2

Interest
64
LET’S START!
Why do you think people enjoy
reading or telling stories?
UNIT 6
Discuss.

Telling
stories

L
IA
ER
AT
M
D
TE
H
IG
R
PY
O
C

UNIT OBJECTIVES
Unit 6: Telling stories

 Listen to an author talking

about her life
 Discuss scenarios for a story
 Read an extract from a classic
novel
 Write a short story
65
What kind of books do you read? Do you have a favourite  Create a storyboard
book or author? for an advertisement
 6 Lesson 1

COMMUNICATION
A Track 12 Listen and circle B Track 12 Listen again. Circle T (true) or F (false).
the correct answers.
1 T / F Magda recently had a birthday.
1 Magda Pinon . 2 T / F Magda doesn’t like London.
a was born in the UK
b grew up in Jamaica 3 T / F Magda moved to London when she was writing Clay and Limestone.
c lives near the sea 4 T / F As a child, Magda’s parents were uninterested in her schooling.
2 The interviewer is intending to learn 5 T / F Magda moved to the UK in the 50s.
about . 6 T / F Magda was very shy about sharing her stories.
a Magda’s latest novel
b the author’s life 7 T / F Magda has only written novels.
c Magda’s book preferences 8 T / F The interviewer really enjoyed Clay and Limestone.
3 Magda has spent most of her life .
a travelling between Cuba and Paris
b wanting to leave her home town
C Track 12 Listen again. Complete the notes.

c living in London
4 Clay and Limestone is . Magda Pinon
a about an immigrant family living in

L
London Magda Pinon is a(n) (1) . She has

IA
b Madga’s only novel recently (2) , although she still
c a novel about Jamaican family life feels like a little girl! Magda (3)

ER
5 Magda’s main form of childhood in Jamaica in a small town (4) .
entertainment was . But later when she was older, (5)
in Cuba and then in Paris. London has been her home (6)
a writing letters
b watching TV
AT .
c listening to stories
M
Magda first (7) for London when
6 Magda began writing . she was writing Clay and Limestone and she ended up settling
a while she was at school there.
D

b when she moved to the UK

TE

c with encouragement from her In 1930s Jamaica, one form of entertainment (8)
uncle . They used to sit and share stories from mothers,
7 Magda became a writer because fathers, or grandparents that had been (9)
H

. .
IG

a of her uncle Magda realized she had a talent for storytelling when her
b of her school teacher
teacher (10) in class. After that,
R

c of her mother
with encouragement from her teacher, Magda began writing
PY

8 Clay and Limestone . (11) . She also began telling her

a is about Magda’s personal own stories. The initial inspiration for her novel Clay and Limestone
experiences
came from her (12) , which were
O

b uses information from Magda’s

uncle’s letters read during the storytelling sessions.
C

c is totally fictional

D Complete the extract from Clay and Limestone with the words in the box. E Discuss in pairs. Is
learning about authors’
about as difference dressed either from lives interesting to you?
had more towards was what when In your opinion, what
makes a good writer?
Kath (1) sitting on the wall that ran along the front of the garden
(2) the new family walked along her street for the first time.
(3) they made their way past the row of crumbling terraced houses, I think to some extent all
people (4) stopped their chatter, stood and stared, or quickly hurried fiction is based on fact,
back inside to peer out (5) the hidden safety of their net curtains. so I think only people
with interesting lives
Kath (6) heard about the immigrant families, but she didn’t really write good stories.
understand (7) all the fuss was about. They were (8)
in similar clothes to the ones she, her mother, and father wore, and apart from the
B2.2

colour (9) and a strange look to their hair, they appeared much the
same. If anything, their clothes looked a little (10) respectable. The I disagree! All a great
66 lady was wearing a hat and gloves and the little girl, who was nervously holding
author needs is a rich
imagination.
her mother’s hand, wore lovely white knee-high socks. Kath thought she looked
(11) the same age. Eager to make a new friend, she jumped off the
wall and started walking (12) them.
 6

F In pairs, look at the pictures. Discuss.

1 If each picture was on the cover of a novel, what would it tell you about the subject matter?
2 What kind of reader might each one appeal to?

L
IA
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AT
G H
M
Work in pairs. Imagine you are Interview your partner.
going to publish a non-fiction
1 Do you prefer reading fiction or non-fiction? Why?
D

book. Decide on the subject

of your book. Using your ideas 2 What influences you when deciding on which books to read?
TE

in F decide what type of cover

3 When you have finished a book what do you do with it?
would be most appropriate for
H

your book. Why? 4 In your opinion, are stories the best way to learn about the world? Why?
IG

I Role-play in pairs. Read Truman Capote’s biography. Imagine that you are writing a book about his life. Take
R

turns to be the author and the interviewer. Choose roles. Note down questions before you start.
PY
O

ans,
s, in 1924, New Orle
rn Tr um an Streckfus Person
C

Truman Ca pote wa s bo
s in Alabama.
ew up with relative
Louisiana, but he gr
poor student.
sh or t stor ies at 11, despite being a
He started writing
it won an award.
pub lis hed his fir st story, Miriam, and
By age 18, he had
Other Rooms. It
d hi s fi rst novel Other Voices,
In 1948, he pu bl is he essentially an
st sell er an d sold 26,000 copies. It is
became a be vel.
was a great debut no
autobiography and it an iconic
any’s was made into
most po pula r no ve l Breakfast at Tiff
His
aracters.
movie with iconic ch
was his last
rnational bestseller
Unit 6: Telling stories

no n- fi ct io n in te
Cold Blood, th e crime novel.
work . It is sa id to be the first true
important
r failure.
Capote died of live
-publicist.
a terrible gossip and a brilliant self
He was
67
 6 Lesson 2

LANGUAGE BUILDER
A Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.

act up come by flunk out long for look back

pick on (somebody) put off see (something) in (somebody) set out

1 He is being 2 3 I enjoy
I’ve
of maths again!
at school. at my life.

4 He often 5 6 How did you

I
that necklace. this wonderful
at the park.
book?

L
IA
7 I can’t 8 9

ER
I I never
great in you. You
cleaning up any
have star quality. to eat them!
longer. AT
M
B Match the words from A to the C Complete the text with the correct form of the words from A.
D

synonyms.
When Freddie (1) over his school year he realized that it was quite
TE

1 intend logical he’d (2) of most classes. It’s not that he’d been
set out (3) in class. It had all begun when he (4) an old
H

2 bully Mustang, abandoned in a field behind the industrial zone. He had never
IG

(5) to keep it a total secret. He just assumed someone

 would come and collect it, but as time passed and it still sat there, he kept
3 find (something valuable)
R

(6) reporting it to the police. Sitting on the musty upholstery of the

 Mustang, away from the vicious groups of kids who (7) him as he
PY

4 delay walked along the school corridors, he (8) the open roads, and he
 (9) the old abandoned car as his chance to get away.
O

5 recognize
D
C

Track 13 Listen and circle T (true) or F (false).


6 fail 1 T/F Mary Shelley had a wonderful relationship with her mother.
 2 T/F Mary was sent away to school.
7 reminisce 3 T/F Mary used her father’s library for reading material.
 4 T/F As a young girl, Mary’s hobby was writing.
8 desire 5 T/F Mary ran away to get married when she was sixteen.
 6 T/F One of Mary’s father’s friends fell in love with her.
9 misbehave 7 T/F Writing Frankenstein began as a dare set by Lord Byron.
 8 T/F Mary became famous as soon as Frankenstein was published.

E Track 13 Listen again. Interview a partner.

Student A Student B
B2.2

1 Looking back over Mary Shelley’s life, what was it
filled with?
68 2 What did Mary’s father not put off?
3 Was Mary ever picked on by her stepmother?
4 Could Mary have flunked out of school? Why?
5 How did Mary come by so many books?
6 Did Mary set out to become a writer?
7 What had Mary always longed for?
8 In what way was the weather acting up while she
was in Italy?
 6

Narratives 1: Past simple and past continuous

My parents were living in India when they had me. I got a job as a journalist and earned money for the first
time in my life.
While I was studying at University, I was working While I was working as a journalist, I published my first
part-time for a bank. short story.

F Match each sentence in the grammar chart to the G Tick the correct sentences. Correct the incorrect
correct description. ones. Explain why the incorrect tenses do not work.

1 When and while can be used to describe a continuing

action that is interrupted by another action. 1 At university, I was meeting Grace and my life was
While I was working as a journalist, I published my first changing completely.
short story.
2 The past simple is sometimes used to describe a 2 John was live in London when he flunking out of school.

L
sequence of events in the past.

IA

 3 The man stopping moving for a moment while the police

ER
3 The past continuous can be used to describe two spoke.
actions that were happening simultaneously over a
period of time in the past.

AT
4 While Martha was having her shower, the intruder was
rummaging through her personal belongings.

M
4 When is usually followed by the past simple clause.
 5 The prisoners were secretly planning an escape when
D

 they were being moved to different cells.

TE

5 While is usually followed by the past continuous clause.

 6 Nobody was sitting in the dining room when Lance
 peered through the door.
H
IG

H Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the I Role-play in groups of four.
R

first sentence. Use no more than five words including the word given. Decide who will play the role
PY

of the police officer, and what

1 Martha saw the accident on her way to work. (walking) happened.
Martha she saw the accident.
O

2 Ben was cooking and chatting to Jennifer at the same time. (chatted)
Scenario
C

While to Jennifer.
You have spent the weekend in a
3 No sooner had he turned away than the girl disappeared. (when) country house with four friends.
The girl away. One of the friends has disappeared.
4 The couple left for their honeymoon straight after the wedding. (married) You all went to your rooms to get
The couple their honeymoon straight away. ready for dinner, but one person
never came down to eat.
5 James used to get straight A’s whereas his friends used to flunk out. (were)
While James’ was getting straight A’s.
Write a list of questions the police
6 At the time of the robbery, Jeffrey had been sitting on a bench daydreaming.
officer will ask.
(occurred)
Jeffrey was sitting on a bench . Think about:
• what your relationship with the
Unit 6: Telling stories

7 Mum put off giving me the bad news until after the exam period. (doing) victim was
Mum didn’t want to give me the bad news • whether you had a motive
my exams. • if the victim had any secrets
8 The guests left as soon as they had packed their bags. (and) • if anyone behaved strangely
The guests . during the stay
69
J Perform the role-play for the K Create an oral story. Assign one person to
We were all playing a
class. Can the class guess write down what you say. Each class member board game when …
what happened? should add a line to the story. Begin with:
 Extract from
“Frankenstein”,
chapter 5 by Mary Shelley
It was on a dreary night of
November that my greatest work
would be achieved. With an
anxiety that almost amounted to
agony, I collected the instruments
of life around me, so that I might
bring alive the lifeless body that
lay at my feet. It was already
one in the morning; the rain fell
against the windows, thunder
boomed outside, and my candle
was nearly burnt out, when, by
the glimmer of the fading light,
I saw the dull yellow eyes of the
creature open. The thing breathed
hard, and began to move its limbs.
How can I describe my emotions
at this catastrophe? I felt sick as
R
I stared at this wretch who, with
PY
such pains and care, I had made.
His limbs were in proportion,
O
and I had selected his features as
C
beautiful. Beautiful! His yellow
skin scarcely covered his strong
muscles beneath; his hair was
shiny, black, and flowing; his teeth
were pearly white. But this beauty
only formed a more horrible
contrast with his pale, watery eyes,
his shriveled, pale complexion
and straight black lips.
I had worked hard for nearly two
years, for the sole purpose of
B2.2
bringing an inanimate body to
life again. For this I had deprived
70
myself of rest and health. I had
desired it with a passion that
drove me to work despite my
exhaustion. But, now that I had READING STRATEGY
finished, the wonder of my dream When reading a text with a high
had vanished and only horror and number of unknown words,
try and get the gist of the text
disgust filled my heart. Unable to despite not understanding
L
endure the monster I had created, everything. To help, look for
IA
I rushed out of the room, spent words you do understand and try
to make out the overall meaning
ER
nights tossing and turning in my from the context. Consider the
bed, unable to sleep. At length, tone of the text. What kind of
writing it is, who the narrator is,
AT
after enduring many sleepless
nights, I threw myself on the
how many people are involved in
the narrative.
M
bed in my clothes, endeavouring
to seek a few moments of
D
forgetfulness. But it was in vain: I evil grin appeared on his face. He
TE
slept, indeed, but I did not forget. stretched out one hand, tried to
I was disturbed by the wildest grab me, but I escaped, and rushed
H
dreams. I thought I saw Elizabeth, downstairs. I hid in the courtyard;
IG
radiantly beautiful, walking in the where I remained during the
streets of Ingolstadt. Delighted rest of the night, walking up and
and surprised, I embraced her; but down, listening attentively, fearing
as I kissed her lips, her features each sound in case it could be
appeared to change, and I thought him, this terrible monster whom I
that I held a dead body in my had given life.
arms; a darkness appeared around
her, and I saw grave-worms
crawling in the folds of her dress.
I woke from my sleep with horror;
a cold dew covered my forehead,
my teeth chattered, and every part
of me began to shake: when, by
dim yellow light of the moon, the
creature appeared, this miserable
monster whom I had created. He
came towards me, and his eyes,
if eyes they may be called, were
fixed on me. His mouth opened,
and he muttered some sounds
I couldn’t understand, while an
 Lesson 3 6

READING
A Read the text quickly. How B How would you describe the C Read the text again and circle
many people are involved in overall tone of the text? the correct answers.
the story? Why?
1 It is night when the scene takes
place.
a right
D Write five questions and exchange
What is the relationship between b wrong
them with a partner. Then answer the people in the scene? c doesn’t say
your partners questions.
2 It had been raining for many days.
a right
E Create a description of the creature. Fill in the chart. Then write a b wrong
paragraph describing him. c doesn’t say

Eyes 3 The doctor regrets what he has

done.
a right
b wrong

L
Skin c doesn’t say

IA
ER
4 The doctor tries to kill the creature.
Hair a right
b wrong
AT c doesn’t say

Teeth
M
5 It took the doctor two years to
create the creature.
D

a right
Mouth b wrong
TE

c doesn’t say
H

Body 6 Despite his hard work, the doctor

IG

is in good health.
a right
b wrong
R

c doesn’t say
PY

F Circle the correct answers.

7 The doctor’s sleep is troubled by
1 Madeleine had a very clear , and 5 Madeleine’s mother liked to tell
O

dreams.
many other girls were jealous of her. the neighbours about the terrible a right
C

a skin that had happened to her. b wrong

b complexion a endeavour c doesn’t say
c limb b creature
c catastrophe
2 Madeleine was taught by her 8 The creature meets Elizabeth in
mother to always to do her best. 6 Madeleine’s resembled neither Ingolstadt.
a mutter her father’s nor her mother’s. a right
b endeavour a limbs b wrong
c exceed b creatures c doesn’t say
c features
3 Once Madeleine had fallen from a
tree and remained totally for two 7 Madeline’s grandmother had a
whole days. worrying habit of to herself. WORD WORK
Unit 6: Telling stories

a inanimate a detaining
b detained b muttering Descriptions
c embraced c embracing dull yellow eyes
8 Madeleine’s grandmother was a lustrous black hair
4 After her fall, although Madeleine
peculiar , and she didn’t really pearly white teeth
could move her face and head, she
was not yet able to move her . look human anymore. straight black lips 71
a features a creature dim yellow light
b limbs b complexion
c catastrophe c feature
 6

WRITING
G Complete the text.

(1) Cora finally woke up, she (2) lying in a hospital bed. She tried
hard to remember (3) exactly had happened, but her mind seemed to be filled
with great swirling grey clouds. Images (4) begin to form in the foggy mass only
to be whisked away before they had become clear.

Cora shut her eyes (5) tried to focus, but no sooner had she closed her eyes
(6) she started sliding back into sleep. She really had to find out what
(7) happened.

Just to the right of her head she could see the button (8) call for assistance.
She needed some answers. But, looking down at her arms she noticed that they
(9) strapped down at her sides with buckled leather. She tried to wriggle her
hands free, but (10) . She tried again to move her hands, but there was no
reaction. Not only was (11) trapped by the leather straps, but Cora

L
(12) not move.

IA
She let out a piercing scream just as a white-coated doctor burst through the door.

ER
AT
M
H Read the email and the notes. Write an email to Helen using your notes. I Write what might have
happened to Cora before
D

From: Rosie Alberton Date: 1 August she got to the hospital.

Use the prompts for help.
TE

Subject: Book club?

Hi Rosie,
H

How are things? Have you finished reading that horror book, Cora, I lent you
IG

yet? What do you think of it? Yes, give opinion

You know I read it while I was on holiday and I really couldn’t put it down!
R

• Cora was dr
Anyway, Lynn and I found this advert for a book club and we’re thinking of iving along the
PY

motorway whe
joining. It’s on Wednesday night at 6 p.m. Are you interested? Yes, but can’t n…
go then–explain why • Cora took he
I know you used to be in a book club. Did you enjoy it? I seem to remember r eyes off the
O

road …
you didn’t go for very long. No–say why you stopped
• Cora droppe
C

Maybe joining this book club together, it would be a chance to see each d her mobile
phone while …
other regularly. We never seem to find the time these days.
Suggest starting your own book club. Suggest a place and time • While he was
Let me know what you think. drinking his
coffee, Cora …
Love,
• Martin was
just about to …
Helen when …
• The driver w
as calling for an
ambulance w
hen …
J Now think of a dramatic beginning and ending for Cora.

K You are going to enter a short story competition. Write either a piece of
non-fiction or invent a horror story. Plot out your story first.
B2.2

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
As it turns out, …
72 L Write your story (120–150 words). The most amazing thing was …
HOMEWORK I know this is going to sound
Complete Activity L at home if unrealistic, but …
necessary.
 Lesson 4 6

LANGUAGE BUILDER
A Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with the correct form of words in the box.

background cause connect former nostalgic

promising reminisce take (someone) back unacceptable

1 As soon as 2 She has a most 3 Careful! You

they met they don’t want to
future as a
straight away. dancer. an accident.

She has a rough

4 , 5 6 Autumn leaves
This is utterly always make
but she’s doing
! me feel
well at school
.

L
now.

IA
ER
7 I often look 8 This is my 9 The smell of his
at these and
.
AT
neighbourhood.
cologne always
.
M
D
TE

B Match the words from A to the definitions. C Complete the sentences using words from A.

1 feeling of longing for people, 1 Carl made a start as an athlete before

H

moments, or places from the past  injuries forced him to stop.

IG

2 Grace found that she was constantly compared to his

2 to go over or remember moments
girlfriend.
R

from the past 

3 I was determined to succeed despite my unfortunate
PY

3 remind somebody of the past  .

4 Meeting his brothers again really to his
4 a person’s education and experience 
O

boyhood.
C

5 to make contact or find something 5 When we first met, we straight away. It

in common  was the beginning of a long friendship.
6 previous  6 Her behaviour was , and she was asked
to leave.
7 show great potential  7 I love it here so much that it makes me want to sit down
and .
8 should not be allowed, not satisfactory 
8 There is no way to describe the level of damage the
9 the reason behind an action  catastrophe .

D In pairs, talk about something E Share what makes your partner nostalgic with the class.
Unit 6: Telling stories

that makes you feel nostalgic.

Think about smells, images, or
a place that takes you back to
F Discuss in pairs.
your childhood.
1 Have you ever met someone you connected with
Something that always makes straight away? Why? 73
me feel nostalgic is the smell
of lavender. It takes me back
2 What types of behaviour do you find unacceptable?
to my grandmother’s garden. 3 What might cause you to stop being friends
with someone?
 6

G Read the sentences in

Narratives 2: Past simple and past perfect
She had already decided to leave
University when he thought of going
to India.
She had just started working at a
bank when he was offered a teaching
position.
The party had taken a strange turn
and several guests chose to sit in the
fish pond.
After he woke up, he realized his
teddy bear had come to life.
the grammar chart and
answer the questions.
1 Which action happened first—
past simple or past perfect?
2 How is the past perfect
formed?

H Rewrite the sentences to match the meaning given. I Link the sentences using
the past simple and the
1 The door just clicked shut when he had realized his keys were inside. past perfect.
(When he realized his keys were inside it was too late.)
The door had just clicked shut when he realized his keys were inside. 1 The war didn’t end. People

L
2 As the car had driven away, she wished she didn’t get in. started rebuilding their homes.

IA
(She realized she shouldn’t have got into the car after she shut the door and it
When people 
drove away.)

ER



3 When Rita arrived home, she could see that something very strange happened in
her house.
(Something took place in Rita’s house before she got home.)
AT 2 The keynote speaker started.
Some of the delegates
M
 arrived.
4 Some workers became very violent and several fights broke out.
Some of the delegates 
D

(The workers only started fighting when some of them became violent.)

TE



5 He began painting when all his money ran out.
H

(His money ran out so he had to paint.) 3 The thief left the country. The
 police started looking.
IG

By the time the police 

R

J Work in pairs. Write down three K Work in groups of four. Play a 

PY

statements that are true for your story game. Take turns. 
life so far. Make the statements
4 The museum doors were
O

into questions and ask your

partner. Student 1 draws a locked for the night. We
C

simple picture of reached the exit.

something they
When I was three, I had learned
to recite the alphabet. have experienced. We only reached the exit
after 
Student 2 looks at the picture 
Had you learned to recite the and writes a past simple 
alphabet by the time you were sentence.
three?
Miriam wore a hat to the 5 He realized his idea was
wedding. copied. He read the rival
No, I hadn’t. I had learned author’s book.
to recite the alphabet by the Student 3 writes a past perfect
time I was five, though. sentence. It was only after reading the
rival’s 
Miriam was in a rush and had not
washed her hair. 

B2.2

Student 4 writes an outcome

sentence.
74 Unfortunately, it was a windy day,
the hat blew off and everyone
saw her horrible hair.
L Share the best story from
K with the class. Vote on
the best one and discuss
why.
 Lesson 5 6

PRE-TASK
A You are going to create a storyboard for an advertising campaign encouraging people to choose a particular
university. In groups, look at the pictures and decide which six you would like to use for your storyboard.

Advertisingn
Campaig

L
IA
ER
AT
M
D
TE
H
IG
R

B Using your choices from C In your groups, decide on the following for your advert.
PY

story
A, imagine what these
people could be saying to
be?
help encourage university 1 How many characters will there
O

applicants. Write the script 2 What will the story be about?

C

under each picture. include in your story?

3 What elements do you need to
y?
4 What is special about this universit

D Decide how many scenes you will include in your storyboard (between 6–12). Write them down in point form.
Unit 6: Telling stories

75
 6

TASK
E Create your storyboard. Draw, use your pictures from A, or write short descriptions of the extra images you
want to include.

L
IA
ER
AT
M
D
TE
H
IG
R
PY
O
C

POST-TASK
F Present your storyboard to the class.

You should:
B2.2

• summarize your story • act out a section of the storyboard • explain your storyboard in detail
76

G If you were the marketing team for the university, which advertisement would you choose? Why? Discuss as
a class.