Questions 1-11 are based on the following

passage.
1.
Making Space for Creation
A. NO CHANGE
In recent years, the increasing emergence of B. designers, and
independent inventors, [1] designers and, C. designers; and
craftspeople has become known as the maker D. designers, and,
movement. With this growing number of
2. The writer is considering revising the
makers has arisen new demand for [2]
underlined portion to the following.
"makerspaces." Public libraries, as community
centers that promote access to knowledge and "makerspaces"---physical locations where
resources, are [3] top-notch spots for such creators can gather to share equipment and
spaces. [4] Empowering patrons to become work on projects.
makers offers public libraries a way to fulfill
their central mission. Should the writer make this revision here?

A. Yes, because it defines a term that is

central to the passage's argument.
B. Yes, because it helps explain why such
spaces are in high demand.
C. No, because it repeats information that
is provided in the previous sentence.
D. No, because it does not specify the
kinds of projects typically undertaken in
these spaces.

3. Which choice best maintains the style and

tone of the passage?

A. NO CHANGE
B. second to none
C. the ideal sites
D. unsurpassed in their suitability

4. Which choice most effectively states the main

argument of the passage?

A. NO CHANGE
B. Libraries need to adapt their facilities
and services to remain relevant.
C. Many librarians support the creation of
makerspaces in their communities.
D. The creation of makerspaces is one of
many ways libraries can attract more
patrons.
Makerspaces provide a valuable service to a
library's users by making available costly
5.
equipment that would be difficult for individuals
to procure. The FabLab in Exeter Library, Devon, A. NO CHANGE
England, offers an array of tools, including 3-D B. to build and repair
printers and photo scanners, as well as C. also for building and for repairing
materials for arts, crafts, and [5] materials for D. building and repairing
building and repairing machines. One patron,
artist Rivka Jacobs, who designs hats and 6. Which choice provides the most expected
headpieces, uses the FabLab's vinyl cutter and transition from the previous sentence?
laser engraver to experiment with unusual A. NO CHANGE
materials and innovative techniques. [6] The B. With funding provided by several local
first makerspace to open in a United Kingdom nonprofits,
public library, the FabLab offers workshops and C. As well as updating its website
events that expose community members to regularly,
technologies they might not have encountered D. In addition to providing resources,
otherwise.
[7] As these spaces are versatile, the contents
and configuration of makerspaces can be
7. Which choice provides the most logical
tailored to the needs of individual communities.
transition to the information that follows in the
In 2011, the Allen County Public Library in Fort
sentence?
Wayne, Indiana, installed a 50-foot trailer in its
parking lot that served as a makerspace until A. NO CHANGE
the library could [8] remedy the main building B. While they involve some expense,
to accommodate such a space indoors. The C. Since these spaces are becoming
trailer, owned by the nonprofit educational popular,
organization TekVenture, provided equipment D. Though some patrons might not use
such as an electronics workbench, an injection these spaces,
molding machine, and a 3-D printer, along with
educational programming that [9] integrate 8.
these technologies. Jeff Krull, the library's A. NO CHANGE
director at the time, saw this effort as vital to B. modify
his organization's broader mission: "The library C. revise
is in the learning business, not just the book D. correct
business," he said.
9.

A. NO CHANGE
B. integrated
C. had integrated
D. are integrating
Because the primary benefit of libraries is that
they are free to the [10] public, so libraries that
desire to build and maintain makerspaces must
rely on grants and other external sources of 10.
funding rather than put the burden solely on
patrons-though many makerspaces, like the A. NO CHANGE
FabLab, may still necessitate the payment of a B. public, therefore, libraries
fee. While some caution that even small fees C. public. Libraries
will likely pose a barrier to some patrons and D. public, libraries
libraries with limited resources face the 11.
impediment of not being able to afford the
initial expenditure for machines-an investment A. NO CHANGE
in makerspaces is a worthwhile one. By inspiring B. them
the creators of the future and furnishing [11] C. us
one with needed resources, makerspaces offer a D. you
new way for libraries to enrich their
communities.
Questions 12-22 are based on the following
passage.
Breaking the Mold in Research
In scientific research, interdisciplinary
approaches are relatively rare-but they are
[12]important. Researchers who consult
scholars [13]within their own fields are taking
crucial steps toward tackling the issues at hand.
Thus, interdisciplinary cooperation should be
encouraged by universities and other
organizations that support scientific research.
12.
A. NO CHANGE
B. important, researchers
C. important researchers
D. important; and, researchers
13. Which choice most effectively sets up the
discussion that follows in the passage?
A. NO CHANGE
B. such as biologists and computer experts
are able to harness the unique
properties of an unusual type of mold.
C. outside their own field are able to
approach problems from a fresh
perspective.
D. from universities in other countries are
privileged to work in a rewarding
international environment.
Collaborations between disparate [14] fields,
though few have been successful. In a 2015
14.
study, for instance, a team of archaeologists
interested in analyzing the vast road systems of A. NO CHANGE
the Roman Empire in the Balkan region of B. fields, though few,
southeastern Europe consulted with computer C. fields though few,
scientists and [15] biologists, to make a model D. fields though, few
of the systems. The team, composed of
researchers from Greece and the United 15.
Kingdom, used an unlikely method in the form A. NO CHANGE
of a humble slime mold, Physarum B. biologists
polycephalum. Study coauthor Dr. Andrew C. biologists:
Adamatzky knew that in previous studies, P. D. biologists-
polycephalum had been used to model
transportation networks. The slime mold is
adept at finding the most efficient way to
transport nutrients from one location to
another, essentially functioning as a road does.
[16] To conduct their experiment, the team
placed samples of P. polycephalum on agar
plates that had oat flakes, a food source for the
mold, set in seventeen locations corresponding
to the sites of ancient cities. This strategy
encouraged the mold to find its way to these
locations in the most [17] direct and
straightforward way that was possible, as the
Romans likely did. Sure enough, the mold
extended its protoplasmic tubes across the
plate to reach the food, connecting the city sites
and creating a network that nearly matched the
actual one used by the Romans. The mold's
simulation was more accurate than the
simulations of sophisticated computer
programs, "even tracing out paths of relatively
unknown and obscure roads," according to
science journalist Kelsey D. Atherton. [18]He
also states that "the mold was placed initially on
the oat flake for Thessaloniki, a city in the
northern Aegean region."
16. Which choice provides the best transition
from the previous paragraph to this one?
A. NO CHANGE
B. In their eagerness to collaborate,
C. Despite having only one form of mold to
use,
D. Desiring to learn more about the
construction of roads,
17.
A. NO CHANGE
B. straightforward way that the mold
possibly could,
C. direct, straightforward, and possible
way,
D. straightforward way possible,
18. The writer is considering deleting the
underlined sentence. Should the underlined
sentence be kept or deleted?
A. Kept, because it helps to explain the
sequence of events described earlier in
the paragraph.
B. Kept, because it demonstrates the
comprehensive knowledge of the
research team.
C. Deleted, because it offers details that
are not relevant to the results of the
experiment.
D. Deleted, because it contradicts a
statement made earlier in the passage.
The success of experiments like this one
demonstrates the benefits of interdisciplinary
19.
collaboration, which can be applied to many
fields. The team [19] speculated that A. NO CHANGE
archaeologists could use the slime mold to B. imagined
predict the location of future excavation sites. C. contemplated
Studying the slime mold's behavior could also D. mused
lead to improvements in computer simulations
of transportation networks, which [20] may in 20.
turn have helped engineers design such A. NO CHANGE
networks more efficiently. [21] The recent B. will in turn have helped
success of such projects is remarkable. There C. is in turn helping
are few funding sources to support these D. may in turn help
projects and few guidelines for the sharing of
responsibilities, data, costs, or [22] to credit 21.
work when researchers from different Which choice most effectively introduces the
departments collaborate. Nevertheless, given information that follows in the paragraph?
the success of projects like the slime mold
experiment, it is clear that more funding A. NO CHANGE
support should be directed toward research B. Yet impediments to interdisciplinary
collaborations across fields. research remain.
C. Still, the slime mold project had its own
share of obstacles to overcome.
D. Future researchers will enjoy a great
deal of freedom in designing
experiments.

22.

A. NO CHANGE
B. giving credit for
C. crediting
D. credit for
Questions 23-33 are based on the following
passage and supplementary material.

In Defense of Job-Hoppers 23.

In the twentieth century, one hallmark of a A. NO CHANGE

successful career [23] has been longevity of B. will be
service with a single employer. When hiring new C. was
staff, employers looked unfavorably on résumés D. is
of applicants—referred to as job-hoppers—[24]
who changed jobs and positions repeatedly
after a few months or a couple of years. Many
employers were unwilling to hire and train such
applicants because their work history suggested 24
they would soon leave again. But should a
history of job- hopping be considered an A. NO CHANGE
impediment to employment in today's job B. who, over a relatively brief time, repeatedly
market? Not necessarily. changed jobs
C. who repeatedly changed jobs
D. DELETE the underlined portion
The results of a 2014 survey [25] suggests that
attitudes toward job-hopping are evolving. 25.
Whereas 41 percent of respondents born in the
years 1946 to 1964 indicated that they believe A. NO CHANGE
workers should stay in a job for at least five B. has suggested
years before looking for a new role, [26] almost C. are suggesting
half of the respondents born in the years 1982 D. suggest
to 2002 thought workers should move within a
year. Job-hopping simply doesn't carry the 26.
stigma it once did: for example, [27] 13 percent
of respondents in the younger demographic The writer wants to support the claim made in
indicated that workers should only be expected the preceding sentence using accurate, relevant
to stay in a job for a year or less before looking information from the graph. Which choice best
for a new position accomplishes this goal?

A. NO CHANGE
B. 26 percent of these respondents
answered that workers shouldn't stay in
a job for more than five years.
C. only 13 percent of respondents born in
the years 1982 to 2002 agreed with that
statement.
D. 14 percent of respondents born in the
years 1946 to 1964 answered that
workers should stay in a job for a year
or less before looking for a new role.

27.

Which choice offers an accurate interpretation

of the data in the graph?

A. NO CHANGE
B. 14 percent of younger-demographic
respondents
C. 26 percent of respondents in the younger
demographic
D. of respondents in the older demographic, 41
percent
Employers would do well to recognize that
job-hoppers most likely have acquired
broad-and potentially valuable-sets of skills.
From mastering a range of software and 28.
technology to [28] different learned approaches
to certain tasks, job-hoppers have, in each of A. NO CHANGE
their jobs, most likely learned unique skills. [29] B. the fact that they have learned different
First, being able to adapt to different work C. the learning of different
environments signals prospective employees' D. learning different
flexibility and ability to acquire new skills as
needed. A job [30] candidates' experiences in
multiple corporate environments should thus be 29.
regarded as an asset, not a risk.
A. NO CHANGE
B. Otherwise,
C. Regardless,
D. Moreover,

30.

A. NO CHANGE
B. candidates experiences
C. candidate's experience's
D. candidate's experiences
[31] Nevertheless, job-hoppers vary in the
average length of time they stay at one place.
Writing for the Harvard Business Review,
Professor Monika Hamori warns that
job-hopping isn't necessarily a fast track to
career [32] success, suggests that certain
employees are more likely to find success by
demonstrating their value to their employer,
something that is generally accomplished over
time and can lead to advancement. Hamori's
analysis of non-CEO executive careers reveals
that "inside moves produced a considerably
higher percentage and faster pace of
promotions." Job-hopping is more accepted
now, but too many employment changes can
still be a red [33] flag. This red flag could be a
sign of poor performance or trouble getting
along with colleagues. However, if a candidate's
job-hopping has facilitated the development of
useful knowledge and skills, it shouldn't be
regarded as a detriment. Rather, the varied
experiences of job-hoppers should be valued.
31. Which choice best introduces the
paragraph's main focus?
A. NO CHANGE
B. That's not to say there aren't real
benefits to remaining at the same
company for an extended time.
C. Even though adapting to different work
environments can be difficult, knowing
how to adapt can be a tremendous
asset.
D. Some careers, however, do require that
a person stay in one kind of corporate
environment.
32.
A. NO CHANGE
B. success; she suggests
C. success, she suggests
D. success; suggesting
33. Which choice most effectively combines the
sentences at the underlying portion?
A. flag a sign of
B. flag, and that flag could be a sign of
C. flag: a red flag that could signify
D. flag,
Questions 34-44 are based on the following
passage and supplementary material.
34.
Acupuncture’s Effectiveness
A. NO CHANGE
Acupuncture, an ancient Chinese technique in
B. the locations of which
which small needles are applied to specific
“acupoints” on the body, has found a role in C. the acupoints’ locations
many Western countries as an alternative
means of treating a variety of health conditions, D. their locations
including back pain and headaches. The
effectiveness of acupuncture in reducing pain
has long been attributed to the stimulation of
these acupoints, [34] the locations of them
were identified thousands of years ago in China.
How does acupuncture relieve pain? Are the
acupoints the main factor?
[35] Having established the acupoints’ locations, 35. Which choice provides the most effective
researchers at the University of Michigan transition from the information and previous
evaluated the effects of acupuncture on paragraph?
patients with chronic pain symptoms. [36] For
A. NO CHANGE
example, chronic pain is often associated with
B. In an attempt to answer these
signaling problems in a patient’s endorphin
questions,
neurotransmitters, which normally block pain by
C. After identifying patients who might
binding to specific protein receptors found on
benefit from acupuncture,
the surface of neurons in the brain. Over a
D. Focusing on the role of protein
four-week period, patients were given nine
receptors,
sessions of either a traditional acupuncture [37]
treatment, with needles inserted at known 36.
acupoints or a “sham” acupuncture treatment,
in which needles were placed in incorrect A. NO CHANGE
locations. The researchers compared how the B. Therefore,
two treatments affected protein [38] receptors’ C. In addition,
success in binding to endorphins in different D. DELETE the underlined portion,
brain regions. adjusting the capitalization as needed.

37.

A. NO CHANGE
B. treatment: with needles inserted at
known acupoints,
C. treatment, with needles inserted at
known acupoints,
D. treatment with needles inserted at
known acupoints:

38.

A. NO CHANGE
B. receptor’s success in binding to
endorphins in different brain regions.
C. receptors’ success in binding to
endorphins in different brain region’s.
D. receptors succeed in binding to
endorphin’s in different brain region’s.
After the monthlong experiment, positron
emission tomography (PET. brain scans [39]
39.
were used. The PET scans revealed that the
binding potential of the receptors Which choice most effectively combines the
sentences at the underlined portion?

A. were used and they revealed

B. that were used revealed
C. were used for revealing
D. revealed
to endorphins had improved in [40] both those
patients treated with traditional acupuncture
and those treated with sham acupuncture.
Binding potential is a measure of both the
density of receptors on neurons and the
receptors’ ability to attract substances to bind
to them. The prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex,
and caudate regions of traditional acupuncture
patients all showed a [41] 5 percent or greater
decrease in receptor binding potential
compared to that measured four weeks earlier.
In contrast, many brain regions of participants
receiving the sham treatment showed small
decreases in receptor binding potential.
40.
Which choice is best supported by the
information in the graph?
A. NO CHANGE
B. patients treated with traditional
acupuncture but not in those treated
with sham acupuncture.
C. patients treated with both traditional
and sham acupuncture.
D. patients treated with sham
acupuncture but not in those treated
with traditional acupuncture.
41.
The writer wants to use accurate information
from the graph to highlight the effectiveness of
a treatment. Which choice best accomplishes
this goal?
A. NO CHANGE
B. 10 percent or greater increase
C. 15 percent or greater decrease
D. 25 percent or greater increase
The study helps explain the pain-blocking
mechanism of traditional acupuncture.
42.
However, the study [42] produced and yielded
another additional finding that ran counter to A. NO CHANGE
the researchers’ assumptions. All the patients in
the study—whether treated with traditional B. produced another
acupuncture or sham acupuncture—showed C. yielded a second
significant reductions in pain ratings. If the
researchers are correct that traditional D. yielded an
acupuncture provides pain relief through
receptor-endorphin binding, then there must be
a separate mechanism [43] by which sham 43.
acupuncture relieves pain. Researchers’ next
A. NO CHANGE
task is to identify [44] that; only then can
acupuncture’s effectiveness be fully explained. B. for

C. and

D. DELETE the underlined portion.

44.

A. NO CHANGE

B. that pain;

C. that mechanism;

D. that treatment;