Module 2 Lesson 1 - Introduction to

Operating Systems
Operating systems are the backbone of the modern computing experience. They provide an interface
between the user and the hardware, and manage the computer's resources to ensure smooth operation. In
this lesson, we'll explore the different types of operating systems, their key features, and the pros and cons
of 32-bit vs 64-bit systems.
The Different Types of Operating Systems
Real-time Operating Single-User Network Operating
Systems Operating Systems Systems
Designed for applications that Designed to be used by one Designed to manage and
require quick response times person at a time, typically found administer networks of
and predictable performance, on personal computers. computers, printers, and other
such as industrial automation devices.
systems and flight instruments.
Features of an Operating System

Some key features of operating systems include:

Memory management

Device management
Process management
Security controls
32-bit vs 64-bit Systems
32-bit 64-bit

Can address up to 4GB of RAM Can address more than 4GB of RAM

Suitable for older hardware Requires newer hardware with a 64-bit processor

Can run 32-bit apps and some 64-bit apps Can run all 64-bit apps and some 32-bit apps

The choice between 32-bit and 64-bit systems can depend on hardware limitations, software compatibility,
and user needs.
Advantages and Disadvantages
1 Advantages
Modern operating systems offer a wide range
of features and capabilities that make using a
computer easier and more efficient. They
allow users to multitask, use peripherals, and
access the internet with ease.
2 Disadvantages
Operating systems can be complex and
difficult to understand for the average user.
They may also require significant hardware
resources, and can be vulnerable to security
threats.
Graphic User Interface
Windows
The Windows operating system is known for its
intuitive graphical user interface, which allows users
to interact with their computer using a mouse,
keyboard, and icons.
The History of Operating Systems
DOS
MS-DOS, or Microsoft Disk
Operating System, was one of the
earliest operating systems for
personal computers. It used a
command-line interface, which
required users to type in
commands to perform various
tasks.
Mac OS
The Macintosh Operating System,
or Mac OS, was first introduced in
1984. It was known for its user-
friendly interface and graphics,
and was used exclusively on Apple
computers.
Linux
Linux is an open-source operating
system that was first released in
the early 1990s. It is free to use
and widely used in server and
computing environments. Linux is
known for its security, stability,
and flexibility.
The Future of Operating Systems
Cloud-based Systems
With the rise of cloud
computing, many operating
systems are moving towards
cloud-based platforms that
allow for more efficient and
scalable computing.
Artificial Intelligence
As AI technology advances,
operating systems may
become more intelligent and
better at understanding user
needs and customizing the
user experience.
Internet of Things
As more and more devices
become connected to the
internet, operating systems
will need to be designed to
interact with a wider range of
hardware and software
platforms, and to ensure user
privacy and security.