LECTURE 1

S.E in Spherical Coordinates

2m r ∂r
2 [ ( )
−ℏ2 1 ∂ 2 ∂
r + 2
1 ∂
∂ r r sin θ ∂ θ
sin θ
∂ 1
+ 2 2
∂
∂θ r sin θ ∂ ϕ (
ψ +Vψ=Eψ ) ]
Radial Equation

( )
2
1 d 2 dR 2 mr
r − 2 [ V ( r ) −E ] =l ( l+ 1 )
R dr dr ℏ
Angular Equation

1 1 ∂
[
Y sin θ ∂ θ
sin θ
∂Y
+ 2 (
1 ∂2 Y
∂ θ sin θ ∂ ϕ 2
=−l(l+1)) ]
( )
2
∂ ∂Y ∂ Y 2
sin θ sin θ + =−l ( l+1 ) sin θ Y (4.18)
∂θ ∂θ ∂ϕ

Azimuthal Solution
imϕ
Φ ( ϕ ) =e , m=0 , ± 1, ± 2 ,± 3 , …−magnetic quantum number
Polar Solution – Associated Legendre Function
m
Pl ¿
Note:

1. lth legendre polynomial

|m|
d |m|
P ( x )=( 1−x )
m 2 2
l P l ( x ) (4.27 )
dx
2. Rodriguez Formula

( )
l
1 d ( 2 )l
Pl ( x )= l
x −l (4.28)
2 l! dx
Spherical Harmonics

Y ( θ , ϕ )=Θ ( θ ) Φ ( ϕ )= A Pl ( cos θ ) e ,|m|> l

m imϕ

Y ml ( θ , ϕ )=ϵ
√ (2l+1) ( l−|m|) ! imϕ m
4 π ( l+|m|) !
e Pl cos (θ)(4.32)
LECTURE 2

Radial Solution

u ( r )=rR ( r ) →u ( r ) =Ar j l ( kr ) + Br nl (kr )

Bessen Function

( )
l
l 1 d sin x
j l ( x )=(−x )
x dx x
Neumann Function

( )
l
l 1 d cos x
nl ( x )=−(−x )
x dx x
LECTURE 3

LECTURE 4

n= j max + l+1 → j max =n−l−1

2 l +1
u ( ρ )=Ln −l −1 ( 2 ρ )
Associated Legendre Polynomial

( )
ρ
ρ ρ d
Lq− ρ ( x )= (−1 ) Lq ( x)
dx
qth Legndre Polynomial

( )
q
x d −x q
Lq ( x )=e (e x )
dx

√(
−r

) ( ) ( )
3 l
2 n−l−1 2 r 3 l+1 2r m
ψ n ,l , m ( r ,θ , ϕ )= e na L Y (θ , ϕ )
na 2 n [ ( n+l ) ! ] 3
na n−l−1 na l
LECTURE 5