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NSTP-CWTS 2 STUDY GUIDE 2 – COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

LEARNING
OBJECTIVES

After studying this module, you, as a learner, should

be able to:

1) Distinguish government from governance;

2) Illustrate the interrelationship of the roles of the
key actors in your respective local government;
Figure 1
3) Differentiate between resolutions and https://www.pngkey.com/detail/u2r5r5i1u2e6q8a9_community−
ordinances; and vector−black−and−white/

4) Identify resolutions and ordinances currently

implemented and executed by your local
government. LESSON PROPER

TOPIC
MODULE 1: LESSON 1 – POLICIES AND
OUTLINE PERFORMANCES

1. Governance vs Government
2. Relationship Between Governance and Human I. INTRODUCTION

Development
The COVID-19 pandemic has put different
3. Policy-making: Resolutions and Ordinances
aspects of our lives at stake. You need now, more than
a. How to Recognize <Good Policy=
ever, to understand how our national and local government
work. The impact is not something you could just brush
off. Your life goes on but you always need to be aware of
OVERVIEW the underlying reasons and effects. You need to delve
deep on the whys and hows. We could only surpass this
through the unity between the citizens and the governing
This module provides you of the opportunity to
body, in relation to the policies and practices.
engage with your community. This will serve as your
guide to be able to let you understand the relationship
between governance and human development and how
you, as a resident and as a student, are involved in the
governing process.

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 DISCUSSION
GOVERNMENT VS GOVERNANCE
Although used interchangeably, it must be noted
that <government= is different from <governance.=
Government is a group of people who rule or
run the administration of a country. In other words, it may
be said that a government is the body of representatives
that governs and controls the state at a given time. It is the
name given to the entity exercising that authority.
On the other hand, governance is the act of
governing or ruling. It is the set of rules and laws framed
by the government that are to be implemented through the
representatives of the state. UNDP defined governance as
the exercise of economic, political, and administrative
authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels. It
comprises mechanisms, processes, and institutions
through which citizens and groups articulate their
interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations,
and mediate their differences.
To easily differentiate both words, governance
is what a government does. Government is a system or a
set of systems of various fictional offices, structures,
and/or frameworks that relate to the management,
possession, control, use, and/or needs of a defined
population as it relates to that area and/or to certain
resources. Governance can be understood as the
utilization of the systems or subsystems and the fictional
offices, structures, and or frameworks within it by
individuals in order to affect the purposes or meet the
responsibility with which the particular system was
imbued with in its design.
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
GOVERNANCE AND
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
It is important to put it here outright that there is
a significant relationship between governance and human
development.
The concept of governance is concerned directly
with the management of the development process – social,
economic, political, and environmental. This could easily
be understood by putting yourself inside a classroom.
Imagine electing someone who has no concern on
improving or addressing class issues. The room for
improvement and development is put to waste. The same
goes when you try to imagine a family where the older
members do not have the initiative to develop themselves
and/or do not have the will to help develop those around
them. It creates an invitation to troubles and struggles.
The system, if there is one in the first place, would
crumble.
Human development can be defined as
expanding the choices for all people in society. This
means that men and women - particularly the poor and
vulnerable - are at the center of the development process.
It also means "protection of the life opportunities of future
generations...and... the natural systems on which all life
depends" (UNDP, Human Development Report 1996).
This makes the central purpose of development the
creation of an enabling environment in which all can
enjoy long, healthy and creative lives.
Figure 2. https://www.freevector.com/vector/corporate-governance
 POLICY-MAKING: An ordinance is an act adopted by a municipal
governing body having effect only within the jurisdiction
RESOLUTIONS AND
of the municipal government. It is a municipal law that
ORDINANCES often imposes a sanction for violation.

A resolution is a statement of policy by the

Policy-making is often undervalued and
governing body or an order by the governing body that a
misunderstood, yet it is the central role of the city, town,
specific action be taken. Resolutions usually apply only
and legislative bodies.
within the municipal government itself.

The policies created by our local governments

affect everyone in the community in some way. Public
policy determines what services will be provided to the
HOW TO RECOGNIZE <GOOD POLICY=
residents, the level of those services, and what kinds of
development will occur in the community. It determines
what the community’s future will be. Policies are created Since there is usually not a "right or wrong"
to guide decision-making. Elected council members of policy, how are good policy decisions recognized? The
cities and towns have public policy-making following qualities may assist in defining "good public
responsibilities. policy:"

Local policy-making is complex. It demands the  There is Public Support

very best of local officials. The public policy-making
process is highly decentralized. Policy initiation,
formulation, adoption, and implementation involve many
interests. This process has been characterized as tending
to be "fluid, incremental, confused, often disorderly and
even incoherent." [Public Policy Making, Washington
Style, Bone et. al., p. 4]. And yet, from this, the destiny of
a community – the fulfillment of its dreams and
aspirations – flow out of the exercise of the policy-making
process.
Policies can be driven by the local city council
and generally fall into two main categories - ordinances
and resolutions.
Usually, policy adopted by a majority vote of a
legislative body is "good" policy. A supermajority vote
makes "great" policy. The council does not make policy in
a vacuum. Councils rely on ideas from many sources,
including staff, citizen’s groups, advisory committees,
chambers of commerce, and others. Strong council
support for a policy is more likely if there is strong
support in the community.
 Policies are Just
Good policy is fair and equitable; it does not
impose disproportional impacts on interest groups. Policy
decisions should be based upon due process that respects
the constitutional rights of individuals. Policy-making is
not always about what’s popular. Sometimes it means
protecting the legitimate interests of minority views too.

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 LEARNING
 Sound Decisions are Backed by Solid Analysis
ACTIVITY 1
Good policy analysis starts with clear goals and
objectives, considers a range of alternatives, expresses
evaluation criteria, and assesses the impacts of Objective: Familiarize yourself with the interrelationship

alternatives with respect to these criteria. It measures the of the roles of the key actors in your respective local

consequences of policy decisions against the community’s government.

vision, values,
and goals. Task: Using a flow chart, illustrate your local
government’s organizational chart. Understand their

 Policies are Relevant individual roles and those same roles in relation to the

The decision addresses a problem or issue that is roles of those above and below them.

generally perceived as significant to the community.

(You could either draw it on a piece of paper or illustrate
it digitally using Microsoft Word or whatever application
 Policy can be Implemented
program you’re comfortable with.)
The decisions are feasible for local government
to implement, the adopted policy has a reasonable chance
of working, and there are clear assignments of
responsibilities for implementation.

 Results are Monitored LEARNING

There is always a risk that policy decisions have ACTIVITY 2
unintended consequences, or simply do not accomplish
their goals. During the analysis phase it is useful to think
Objective: Make yourself aware of the policies
about how a policy choice may fail. Good monitoring
(resolutions and ordinances) implemented and executed
systems may provide early warning about policy failures
by your local government.
or unintended consequences. This would enable policy-
makers to alter the policy to increase effectiveness, or
Task: List three resolutions and three ordinances
abandon it completely.
currently implemented and executed by your local
government. Each must contain of the title, year, and the
proponent/s.

(You may, if needed, obtain said policies by coordinating

with your Sangguniang Bayan. Take a picture of you
coordinating with anyone directly involved for
compilation purposes.)

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 PREPARED AND COMPILED BY:

SUMMARY Dr. Noel L. Guevara

Dr. Jerry C. Dichoso

As a student and as a part of the community, it is Danikka Krysta C. Guevara

indispensable to engage outside the classroom setting.

Learning should not be confined within the four walls of
the classroom especially now that we are literally
conducting discussions differently. We are currently
facing a crisis and it is definitely one of our
responsibilities to familiarize ourselves with the art of
governing; we should be aware of the policies because
those are key factors of the downfall or development of
the community and the nation, as a whole.

REFERENCES

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322488600_
Governance_and_Human_Development_The_Impacts
_of_Governance_Indicators_on_Human_Development

https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1998/jul1998/gr_12782
0_1998.html

https://www.pngkey.com/detail/u2r5r5i1u2e6q8a9_co
mmunity-vector-black-and-white/

https://www.freevector.com/vector/corporate-
governance

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