05-02-2024

4&5-02-2024

Table of Contents
Ergosphere: making a black Time to rethink, reimagine
hole work (The Hindu) 1 and reform legal systems, says 4
Modi (The Hindu) 4/2/2024

Why is fiscal consolidation so ED files complaint in bank

important?(The Hindu)4/2/2024 2 fraud case (The Hindu) 5

Deepfake video scams global

Cat Scan (Indian Express)
firm out of $ 26 million 3 4/2/2024 6
(Business Standards)

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The Hindu
Pg: II (Science) – C, B, D, H, T

Ergosphere of Rotating Black Holes

About Black Hole:

• Origin and Definition

 unique cosmic body with intensive gravity.

 Formation from the gravitational collapse of

a massive star.

 First direct image captured in 2017 by the

Event Horizon Telescope.

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Regions Black Hole

• Singularity:

 Central point of a black hole

 Also known as Gravitational Singularity

 General theory of relativity doesn't apply

• Event Horizon:

 Spherical region around the singularity

 Intense gravity

 Objects entering cannot escape without

exceeding the speed of light.

Significance of ergosphere:

•Energy Extraction:
• Ergosphere:
 Ability to extract matter and energy from
 Larger spherical region beyond the event
the ergosphere
horizon
 Potential for utilizing this energy gain
 Objects entering can leave even at speeds
•Acceleration Possibility:
less than light
 Objects can accelerate using energy from
 Derives its name from the Greek word
the ergosphere
'ergon,' meaning 'work'
 Can reduce the angular momentum of the
black hole

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements about
Rotating Black hole (Kerr black hole):
1. First direct image of a Black hole was
captured using Event Horizon telescope in
2019.
2. Things, which enter ergosphere region of
Black Hole, can’t escape unless it travels
faster than light.
3. we can send an object into the ergosphere
and allow them to accelerate using this
energy.
How many of the statements given above is/are
correct:
a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All three
d) None

04/02/2024
The Hindu
Pg: 12 – C, D;
Pg: 15 – B, H
Pg: 13 – T

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Fiscal deficit
Govt funds for Fiscal Deficit
• Government spends more money than it
earns. • 2024-25 - borrowing ₹14.13 lakh crore,
expecting higher GST collections to offset
• Taxes - ₹26.02 lakh crore expected in some expenses.
2024-25.
• RBI indirectly participate by purchasing
• Speeding - ₹47.66 lakh crore in 2024-25. government bonds in market.
Fiscal Deficit vs National Debt
Significance
• Fiscal deficit - gap between government's
• Persistent high fiscal deficits – inflation.
total expenditure and its total revenue
• Lower fiscal deficit - fiscal discipline.
• National debt - total amount of money that
• Higher fiscal deficits - strain overall public
a government owes to external creditors
debt management.
and domestic lenders.

Future Plans of govt

• Centre aims to reduce the fiscal deficit to

5.1% of GDP, relying on an 11.5% increase in Practice Question – Mains
tax collections.
GS – III
• Plans - cutting expenditures on fertilizer,
Q. What is meant by Fiscal Deficit? How
food subsidies, raising taxes to meet targets.
does increase in Fiscal deficit affect the
Economic growth of the country?
(150 Words, 10 Marks)

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Business Standards
Pg: 8 – Mumbai & Chennai editions

Deepfakes

• Fake contents - images, audios or videos.

• Generated using ‘deep learning’ technology.

 Deep learning - teaches computers to

process data like the human brain.

• Learning & recognising voices or pictures

and replacing one person with the another.

• Ability - face swap, voice swap & content

swap while speaking.

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Challenges

• Spreading of misinformation or fake news -

hatred messages.

• Defaming of individuals - pornography Practice Question – Prelims

 90% deepfakes - targeted against women. Q. What is the primary technology behind
the creation of deepfakes?
• Used by non-state actors to propagate their
radical ideologies. (a)Virtual Reality

 Result - anti-national sentiments and

(b)Augmented Reality
security threats. (c)Artificial Intelligence
• Influencing voters by creating misconception (d)Blockchain
against political party.

• Blackmailing tool - targeting reputed family

to do monetary favours.

04/02/2024
The Hindu
Pg: 12 – C;
Pg: 10 – B, H;
Pg: 7 – D;
Pg: 8 - T

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Attorney General of India

• Highest law officer in the country

• Term of office is not fixed by the

Constitution • Right of audience in all courts in the
territory of India
• No mention - procedure and grounds for his
removal • Article 88 – “right to speak and take part
in the proceedings of both the Houses of
• Holds office during the pleasure of the
Parliament or their joint sitting and any
president
committee of the Parliament of which he may
be named a member, but without a right to
vote”

Advocate General of the State:

• Article 165 - Highest law officer in the

state
• Other law officers of the Government of
India. • Appointed by the governor.

 Solicitor general of India • Qualified to be appointed as a judge of a

high court.
 Additional solicitor general of India
• Term of office is not fixed by the
• Assist AG in the his official responsibilities.
Constitution
• Article 76 - does not mention
• Holds office during the pleasure of the
governor.

• Remuneration as the governor may determine

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements.
1. Article 76 of the Indian constitution
provides for the office of Attorney
General and the solicitor general in
India.
2. The Attorney general is not debarred
from private legal practice.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

The Hindu
Pg: 12 – C, B, H
Pg: 10 – D, T

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ENFORCEMENT DIRETORATE

Background of ED

• 1956-Orgin- 'Enforcement Unit' under

the Department of Economic Affairs.

• Initially handled violations under

Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947.

• 1957- Renamed 'Enforcement

Directorate'with a branch in Madras

• Since 1960, under the Department of

Revenue of Finance ministry

Provisions of ED

• Non-constitutional, statutory
Organization.

• Derives powers from acts.

 Prevention of Money Laundering Act,

• PMLA grants power to trace assets,
 Foreign Exchange Management Act,
provisionally attach property, prosecute
 Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, offenders, and confiscate property

 Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, • FEMA investigations into violations of

etc. foreign exchange laws

Important Functions • Fugitive Economic Offenders Act allows

• Investigates money laundering and attachment of properties of fugitive

foreign exchange law matters offenders, leading to confiscation

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• Adjudication of Show Cause Notices under

Foreign Exchange Regulation Act

• COFEPOSA empowers ED to sponsor preventive

detention cases for FEMA violations

• Imposes penalties in relevant cases.

• Collaborates internationally to combat black

money circulation and round-tripping

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements about the
Enforcement Directorate (ED):
1. It works under the Department of Economic
Affairs, Ministry of Finance.
2. It is a constitutional body.
3. It cannot arrest a person without
summon.
How many of the statements given above
is/are correct:
a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All three
d) None

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04/02/2024
The Indian Express
Pg: 1, 2 – Delhi edition

Asiatic lion

• Member of Panthera Leo subspecies - restricted

to India.

• Fur colour from ruddytawny, heavily speckled with black, to

sandy or buff-grey, sometimes with a silvery sheen in certain
lights

• Their average life span - 16-18 years

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• Asiatic lions once prowled from the Middle East to

India.

• They only live in the Gir Forest in India.

• They occupy remnant forest habitats.

 Two hill systems of Gir and Girnar

 Gujarat’s largest tracts of dry deciduous forest,

thorny forest. nd savannah

Threats faced by Asiatic Lion:

• Habitat fragmentation.

• Poaching.

• Human activities - electrified fence.

• Threat of genetic inbreeding - arises from a

single population in one place.

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. With reference to Asiatic Lions, consider the
following statements:
1. The Asiatic lion is primarily found in the Gir
Forest National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary
in India.
2. It is a subspecies of the African lion
(Panthera leo leo).
3. Asiatic lions are known for their distinctive
black manes, which are more prominent in
males.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
DISCUSSION

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements about
Rotating Black hole (Kerr black hole):
1. First direct image of a Black hole was
captured using Event Horizon telescope in
2019.
2. Things, which enter ergosphere region of
Black Hole, can’t escape unless it travels
faster than light.
3. we can send an object into the ergosphere
and allow them to accelerate using this
energy.
How many of the statements given above is/are
correct:
a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All three
d) None

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements.
1. Article 76 of the Indian constitution
provides for the office of Attorney
General and the solicitor general in
India.
2. The Attorney general is not debarred
from private legal practice.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

15
 05-02-2024

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements about the
Enforcement Directorate (ED):
1. It works under the Department of Economic
Affairs, Ministry of Finance.
2. It is a constitutional body.
3. It cannot arrest a person without
summon.
How many of the statements given above
is/are correct:
a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All three
d) None

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. With reference to Asiatic Lions, consider the
following statements:
1. The Asiatic lion is primarily found in the Gir
Forest National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary
in India.
2. It is a subspecies of the African lion
(Panthera leo leo).
3. Asiatic lions are known for their distinctive
black manes, which are more prominent in
males.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None

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Quiz of the day– Prelims

Q. What is the primary technology behind
the creation of deepfakes?
(a)Virtual Reality
(b)Augmented Reality
(c)Artificial Intelligence
(d)Blockchain

Practice Question – Mains

GS – III
Q. What is meant by Fiscal Deficit? How
does increase in Fiscal deficit affect the
Economic growth of the country?
(150 Words, 10 Marks)

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