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5.3.4.2 Tumors in Hepatobiliary อ.ทรรศนะ
5.3.4.2 Tumors in Hepatobiliary อ.ทรรศนะ
รูปที่4 แสดงลักษณะของมะเร็งเซลล์ตับในตับที่มีภาวะตับแข็ง
การรักษา
มะเร็งท่อน้ำดีภายในตับ - การรักษาที่มปี ระสิทธิภาพทีส่ ุดในผู้ป่วยที่โรคยังไม่ได้ลกุ ลาม ได้แก่การ
ผ่าตัดออกให้หมด (R0 resection) โดยหลายการศึกษาพบว่าผู้ป่วยที่ได้รบั การผ่าตัดมะเร็งออกหมดมีโอกาส
รอดชีวิตที่ห้าปีสูงกว่าและช่วยลดการเกิดโรคซ้ำอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ58 ปัจจัยอื่นๆ ทีล่ ดอัตราการอยูร่ อดหลังผ่าตัด
ได้แก่การมีรอยโรคหลายตำแหน่ง การกระจายไปที่ต่อมน้ำเหลือง และการลุกลามเข้าหลอดเลือด59 การผ่าตัด
เลาะต่อมน้ำเหลืองบริเวณขั้วตับเพือ่ ส่งตรวจยังไม่มหี ลักฐานว่าช่วยเพิ่มอัตราการรอดชีวิตแต่พบว่าช่วยในการ
ประเมินระยะของโรค60, 61
มะเร็งท่อน้ำดีภายนอกตับ - เช่นเดียวกับมะเร็งภายในตับ การรักษาทีม่ ีประสิทธิภาพที่สุดได้แก่การ
ผ่าตัดออกให้หมด (R0 resection) ทั้งมะเร็งท่อน้ำดีส่วนปลายและส่วนขั้วตับ62, 63 โดยปัจจัยสำคัญทีบ่ อก
อัตราการรอดชีวิตหลังผ่าตัดได้แก่ระยะห่างของรอยตัดจากมะเร็ง (resection margin) และการกระจายมา
ต่อมน้ำเหลือง64, 65 ตำแหน่งของมะเร็งมีผลต่อการพิจารณาการผ่าตัด มะเร็งท่อน้ำดีขั้วตับควรรับการผ่าตัดเอา
ท่อน้ำดีออกพร้อมกับเนื้อตับด้านทีม่ ีมะเร็ง มะเร็งท่อน้ำดีส่วนปลายควรรับการผ่าตัดท่อน้ำดี ตับอ่อน ลำไส้
เล็กส่วนต้นและกระเพาะ (pancreaticoduodenectomy)
การักษาเสริมโดยให้ยาเคมีบำบัดและการฉายรังสี - มะเร็งท่อน้ำดีมีโอกาสสูงทีจ่ ะเกิดซ้ำภายหลังการ
ผ่าตัดไม่ว่าจะบริเวณเดิมหรือกระจายไปที่อื่น ดังนั้นจึงมีการศึกษาเกี่ยวกับการรักษาเสริมภายหลังการผ่าตัด
แต่ยังไม่มีแนวทางการรักษาทีเ่ ป็นมาตรฐาน การรักษาที่เป็นไปได้ในปัจจุบันได้แก่การให้ยาเคมีบำบัด อาจ
เสริมด้วยการฉายรังสีในกรณีที่ตัดออกได้ไม่หมด เช่น R1 resection
กรณีที่ไม่สามารถผ่าตัดได้ หรือมีการลุกลามไปมากแล้ว หรือผ่าตัดแล้วยังเหลือมะเร็งอยู่มาก เช่น R2
resection ก็ใช้การรักษาเสริมแบบเดียวกันและอาจให้ยาเคมีบำบัดผ่านทางหลอดเลือดแดงเข้าหามะเร็ง
โดยตรง66
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