1.

Manpower:
 Driving Behavior:
 Aggressive driving
 Tailgating
 Speeding
 Lack of Traffic Education:
 Inadequate driver education
 Ignorance of traffic rules
2. Method:
 Traffic Management:
 Inefficient traffic flow planning
 Lack of smart traffic management systems
 Urban Planning:
 Inadequate urban planning
 Lack of alternative routes
3. Machine:
 Vehicle Breakdowns:
 Mechanical failures
 Lack of maintenance
 Traffic Signals:
 Poorly synchronized signals
 Malfunctioning signal systems
4. Material:
 Road Design:
 Poorly designed intersections
 Inadequate lane capacity
 Construction:
 Roadwork and construction activities causing bottlenecks
5. Measurement:
 Traffic Information Systems:
 Lack of real-time traffic updates
 Ineffective communication of traffic conditions
 Navigation Apps:
 Incorrect or outdated information
6. Mother Nature:
 Weather Conditions:
 Heavy rain
 Snowfall
 Air Quality:
 Pollution leading to reduced visibility and health issues