What is Adenosine Triphosphate?

•Universal energy carrier of the

cell
• Active transport
• Reproduction
• Movement
• Muscle Contractions
• Protein synthesis
• And many more Three Phosphates
• Universal energy carrier of the
cell
•Hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O -> ADP + Pi + Energy
What is Adenosine Triphosphate?
• Universal energy carrier of the
cell
• Active transport Energy
P P P
• Reproduction
• Movement
• Muscle Contractions
• Protein synthesis
• And many more
• Universal energy carrier of the cell H O H
• Hydrolysis of ATP
• Energy drives the cellular
processes ATP + H2O -> ADP + Pi + Energy
ATP – ADP Cycle
Cellular Respiration
• Cell need ATP
• Most ATP produced by the
mitochondria
• ATP is typically created through cellular
Respiration
• Glucose (from food) is broken down to
make ATP
• 3 stages of Cellular respiration
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
3. Electron Transport Chain
Glycolysis Glucose C6H12O6
c c Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
c c
•What happens? Glucose is
broken down by ATP,
NAD+, & Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes
begin to breakdown glucose
A p p p

A p p p
Glycolysis A p p p
c c Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
c c
•What happens? Glucose is
broken down by ATP,
NAD+, & Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes
begin to breakdown glucose

A p p p
Glycolysis p
c
Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c
c
•What happens? Glucose is c
broken down by ATP, c
c
NAD+, & Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes
begin to breakdown glucose
A p p
A p p p
Glycolysis p
c
Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c
c
•What happens? Glucose is c
broken down by ATP, c
c
NAD+, & Various enzymes A p p p
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes
begin to breakdown glucose
Glycolysis p
c Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
c c
•What happens? Glucose is c
broken down by ATP, p
NAD+, & Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes
begin to breakdown glucose
A p p
Glycolysis p
c Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
c c
•What happens? Glucose is c
broken down by ATP, p
NAD+, & Various enzymes
Phosphoglyceraldehyde
•Steps (C3H7O6 P)
1. Two ATP & enzymes
begin to breakdown glucose p p
2.Enzyme add-P
Glycolysis p
c p Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
c c
•What happens? Glucose is p c
broken down by ATP, p
NAD+, & Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes
begin to breakdown glucose
2.Enzyme add-P
Glycolysis p
c p Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
c c
•What happens? Glucose is p c
broken down by ATP, p
NAD+, & Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes
begin to breakdown glucose
2.Enzyme add-P
Glycolysis p
c p Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
•What happens? Glucose is c c
broken down by ATP, NAD+, p c
p
& Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes begin to
breakdown glucose Nicotinamide Adenine
NAD+
Dinucleotide
2.Enzyme add-P
3. NADH created and enter the NAD+
mitochondria
Glycolysis p
c p Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
NAD+
•What happens? Glucose is c c
NAD+
broken down by ATP, NAD+, p c
p
& Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes begin to
breakdown glucose
2.Enzyme add-P
3. NADH created and enter the
mitochondria
Glycolysis p
c p Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
NAD+H
•What happens? Glucose is c c
NAD+ H
broken down by ATP, NAD+, p c
p
& Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes begin to
breakdown glucose
2.Enzyme add-P
3. NADH created and enter the
mitochondria
Glycolysis p
c p Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
•What happens? Glucose is c c
broken down by ATP, NAD+, p c
p
& Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes begin to
breakdown glucose
2.Enzyme add-P
3. NADH created and enter the
mitochondria
4. Four ATP created
NAD+H
NAD+ H
Glycolysis p
c p Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
•What happens? Glucose is c c
broken down by ATP, NAD+, p c
p
& Various enzymes
•Steps
A p p
1. Two ATP & enzymes begin to
breakdown glucose A p p Adenosine diphosphate

2.Enzyme add-P A p p
3. NADH created and enter the
mitochondria A p p

4. Four ATP created

NAD+H
NAD+ H
Glycolysis A p p p
c p Nucleus
A p p
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
•What happens? Glucose is c c
A p p p
broken down by ATP, NAD+, c
p
& Various enzymes A p p
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes begin to
breakdown glucose
2.Enzyme add-P
3. NADH created and enter the
mitochondria
4. Four ATP created
NAD+H
NAD+ H
Glycolysis
c Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
•What happens? Glucose is c c
broken down by ATP, NAD+, c
& Various enzymes Pyruvate (C3H4O3)
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes begin to
breakdown glucose
A p p p
2.Enzyme add-P
3. NADH created and enter the A p p p
mitochondria
A p p p
4. Four ATP created
NAD+H A p p p
5. 2 pyruvate is produced NAD+ H
Glycolysis
c Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
•What happens? Glucose is c c
broken down by ATP, NAD+, c
& Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes begin to
breakdown glucose
A p p p
2.Enzyme add-P
3. NADH created and enter the A p p p
mitochondria
A p p p
4. Four ATP created
NAD+H A p p p
5. 2 pyruvate is produced NAD+ H
Glycolysis
Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm
•What happens? Glucose is
broken down by ATP, NAD+,
& Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes begin to
breakdown glucose
A p p p
2.Enzyme add-P
3. NADH created and enter the A p p p
mitochondria
A p p p
4. Four ATP created c c
c c H
NAD+ A p p p
5. 2 pyruvate is produced NAD+ H
c c
Glycolysis
Glycolysis

c
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
Kreb Cycle
Glycolysis1. pyruvate broken in acetic acid

c c

c c NAD+
NAD+
c c
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
KrebsGlycolysis
Cycle 1. pyruvate broken in acetic acid

O O
O O
c c

NAD+ H c cNAD+H

c c
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
KrebsGlycolysis
Cycle 1. pyruvate broken in acetic acid
c
c
Carbon dioxide O O
O O

c c
Acetic acid
c c NAD+H
NAD+ H
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
KrebsGlycolysis
Cycle 1. pyruvate broken in acetic acid
2. Coenzyme A bonds to acetic Acid

CoA CoA
c c

c c
NAD+ H NAD+H
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
KrebsGlycolysis
Cycle 1. pyruvate broken in acetic acid
2. Coenzyme A bonds to acetic Acid creating acetyl coA
3. 4C molecule known as oxaloacetate will bond to Acetyl-
CoA to form Citric acid

c
c
CoA CoA
c
c
c c
c
c
c c c
c NAD+H
NAD+ H
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
KrebsGlycolysis
Cycle 1. pyruvate broken in acetic acid
2. Coenzyme A bonds to acetic Acid creating acetyl coA
3. 4C molecule known as oxaloacetate will bond to Acetyl-
CoA to form Citric acid

c c
CoA CoA
c c
c c
c c

c cc
c
NAD+ H NAD+H
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
KrebsGlycolysis
Cycle 1. pyruvate broken in acetic acid
2. Coenzyme A bonds to acetic Acid creating acetyl coA
3. 4C molecule known as oxaloacetate will bond to Acetyl-
CoA to form Citric acid

c c

c c
CoA CoA
c c
c c

c cc
c
NAD+ H NAD+H
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
KrebsGlycolysis
Cycle 4. Citric acid broken into 5 C molecules

c
c
c
c
c
NAD+ c c NAD+
Citric Acid c
c c
NAD+ H c c NAD+H
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
KrebsGlycolysis
Cycle 4. Citric acid broken into 5 C molecules

O
c O
O c O
c
c
c
c c NAD+ H
NAD+ H c
c c
NAD+ H c c NAD+H
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
KrebsGlycolysis
Cycle 4. Citric acid broken into 5 C molecules
c c

O O O O

c
c
c
c c
c NAD+H
NAD+H c c
NAD+ H c c NAD+H
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
KrebsGlycolysis
Cycle 4. Citric acid broken into 5 C molecules
5. 5 C molecules broken into 4 C

c
NAD+ c
c NAD+
c c
c NAD+H
NAD+H c c
NAD+ H c c NAD+H
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
Creb Cycle
Glycolysis4. Citric acid broken into 5 C molecules
5. 5 C molecules broken into 4 C

O
O
O O
c
c
c p A p p
c c
NAD+H NAD+H
A p p
p
c NAD+H
NAD+H c c
NAD+ H c c NAD+H
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
KrebsGlycolysis
Cycle 4. Citric acid broken into 5 C molecules
5. 5 C molecules broken into 4 C

O
O
O O
c
c
c
c c
NAD+H p NAD+H
A pc p
c NAD+H
NAD+H c
A c p p pc NAD+H
NAD+ H
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
Creb Cycle
Glycolysis4. Citric acid broken into 5 C molecules
5. 5 C molecules broken into 4 C
c c
A p p p
O O O O
A p p p

c NAD+H
NAD+H c
c
c NAD+H
NAD+H c c
NAD+ H c c NAD+H
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
KrebsGlycolysis
Cycle 4. Citric acid broken into 5 C molecules
5. 5 C molecules broken into 4 C
6. Enzyme rearrange the 4C molecules

c NAD+H
NAD+H c
c
c NAD+H
NAD+H c c
NAD+ H c c NAD+H
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
Creb Cycle
Glycolysis4. Citric acid broken into 5 C molecules
5. 5 C molecules broken into 4 C
6. Enzyme rearrange the 4C molecules

c
NAD+ c NAD+
c
c NAD+H
NAD+H c
c
NAD+H
NAD+H c c
NAD+ H NAD+H
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
KrebsGlycolysis
Cycle 4. Citric acid broken into 5 C molecules
5. 5 C molecules broken into 4 C
6. Enzyme rearrange the 4C molecules

c
FAD+ c
c FAD+
c NAD+H
NAD+H c
NAD+ H c
NAD+H
NAD+H c NAD+
c H

NAD+ H NAD+H
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
Creb Cycle
Glycolysis4. Citric acid broken into 5 C molecules
5. 5 C molecules broken into 4 C
6. Enzyme rearrange the 4C molecules

c
c
FAD+ H c H FAD+
c H H NAD+H
NAD+H c
NAD+ H c
NAD+H
NAD+H c NAD+
c H

NAD+ H NAD+H
 • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
KrebsGlycolysis
Cycle 4. Citric acid broken into 5 C molecules
5. 5 C molecules broken into 4 C
6. Enzyme rearrange the 4C molecules

c
c
c
FAD+ H H c FAD+ H H
NAD+H
NAD+H c
NAD+ H c
NAD+H NAD+H
NAD+H c c
NAD+ H NAD+H
Krebs Cycle
 • Location: Mitochondrial membrane
Electron
Glycolysis1. NADH and FADH2 deliver H+ ions and electrons
Transport
chain

NAD+H
NAD+ H
NAD+H
NAD+ H
 • Location: Mitochondrial membrane
Electron
Glycolysis1. NADH and FADH2 deliver H+ ions and electrons
Transport
chain

NAD+H
NAD+ H

NAD+H

NAD+ H
 • Location: Mitochondrial membrane
Electron
Glycolysis1. NADH and FADH2 deliver H+ ions and electrons
Transport
chain

e-
e- e-
NAD+
e- H
e- e-
H NAD+
H
H
NAD+

NAD+
 • Location: Mitochondrial membrane
Electron
Glycolysis1. NADH and FADH2 deliver H+ ions and electrons
Transport 2. electrons activate protein channels to pump H+ ion
chain out of the matrix

e-
e- e-
e- H
e- e-
H
H
H
 • Location: Mitochondrial membrane
Electron
Glycolysis1. NADH and FADH2 deliver H+ ions and electrons
Transport 2. electrons activate protein channels to pump H+ ion
chain out of the matrix

e-
e- e-
e- H
e- e-
H
H
H
 • Location: Mitochondrial membrane
Electron
Glycolysis1. NADH and FADH2 deliver H+ ions and electrons
Transport 2. electrons activate protein channels to pump H+ ion
chain out of the matrix

H H

H
e-
- -
e e
e-
-
e
e-
H
 • Location: Mitochondrial membrane
Electron
Glycolysis3. H+ ions activate ATP synthase
Transport
chain
H
H H

H
p p p
A

- e-
-
e
e e-
e- e-
 • Location: Mitochondrial membrane
Electron
Glycolysis3. H+ ions activate ATP synthase
Transport
chain
H

H H

H
p p p
A

- e-
-
e
e e-
e- e-
 • Location: Mitochondrial membrane
Electron
Glycolysis3. H+ ions activate ATP synthase
Transport
chain
H H

p
- p p
e A
e-
e- e-
e- e- H
 • Location: Mitochondrial membrane
Electron
Glycolysis3. H+ ions activate ATP synthase
Transport
chain
H
H
H
p p p
A
p
- p p
e A
e-
e- e-
e- e- H
 • Location: Mitochondrial membrane
Electron
Glycolysis3. H+ ions activate ATP synthase
Transport
chain
H

H
H
p p p
A
p
- p p
e A
e-
e- e-
e- e- H
 • Location: Mitochondrial membrane
Electron
Glycolysis
3. H+ ions activate ATP synthase (up to 34 ATPS created)
Transport 4. Water waste created when O,H+ e- bond together
chain
H
H
p
p p
A
p
- p p
e A
e-
e- e-
e- e- H

O
 • Location: Mitochondrial membrane
Electron
Glycolysis
3. H+ ions activate ATP synthase (up to 34 ATPS created)
Transport 4. Water waste created when O,H+ e- bond together
chain
H
H
p
p p
A
p
- p p
e A
e-
e-
e- e- -
H e
OH
 • Location: Mitochondrial membrane
Electron
Glycolysis
3. H+ ions activate ATP synthase (up to 34 ATPS created)
Transport 4. Water waste created when O,H+ e- bond together
chain
H
H
p
p p
A
p
- p p
e A
e-
e-
O
- - H
e e
H
 CELLULAR RESPIRATION

AEROBIC ANAEROBIC

1. Glycolysis
1. Glycolysis
2. Creb’s Cycle
2. Fermentation
3. Electron Transport Chain
Anaerobic Respiration
•Anaerobic respiration is the type
of respiration through which
cells can break down sugars to
generate energy in the absence
of oxygen.

• 2 stages of Cellular respiration

1. Glycolysis
2. Fermentation
Glycolysis Glucose C6H12O6
c c Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
c c
•What happens? Glucose is
broken down by ATP,
NAD+, & Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes
begin to breakdown glucose
A p p p

A p p p
Glycolysis A p p p
c c Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
c c
•What happens? Glucose is
broken down by ATP,
NAD+, & Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes
begin to breakdown glucose

A p p p
Glycolysis p
c
Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c
c
•What happens? Glucose is c
broken down by ATP, c
c
NAD+, & Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes
begin to breakdown glucose
A p p
A p p p
Glycolysis p
c
Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c
c
•What happens? Glucose is c
broken down by ATP, c
c
NAD+, & Various enzymes A p p p
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes
begin to breakdown glucose
Glycolysis p
c Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
c c
•What happens? Glucose is c
broken down by ATP, p
NAD+, & Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes
begin to breakdown glucose
A p p
Glycolysis p
c Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
c c
•What happens? Glucose is c
broken down by ATP, p
NAD+, & Various enzymes
Phosphoglyceraldehyde
•Steps (C3H7O6 P)
1. Two ATP & enzymes
begin to breakdown glucose p p
2.Enzyme add-P
Glycolysis p
c p Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
c c
•What happens? Glucose is p c
broken down by ATP, p
NAD+, & Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes
begin to breakdown glucose
2.Enzyme add-P
Glycolysis p
c p Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
c c
•What happens? Glucose is p c
broken down by ATP, p
NAD+, & Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes
begin to breakdown glucose
2.Enzyme add-P
Glycolysis p
c p Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
•What happens? Glucose is c c
broken down by ATP, NAD+, p c
p
& Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes begin to
breakdown glucose Nicotinamide Adenine
NAD+
Dinucleotide
2.Enzyme add-P
3. NADH created and enter the NAD+
mitochondria
Glycolysis p
c p Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
NAD+
•What happens? Glucose is c c
NAD+
broken down by ATP, NAD+, p c
p
& Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes begin to
breakdown glucose
2.Enzyme add-P
3. NADH created and enter the
mitochondria
Glycolysis p
c p Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
NAD+H
•What happens? Glucose is c c
NAD+ H
broken down by ATP, NAD+, p c
p
& Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes begin to
breakdown glucose
2.Enzyme add-P
3. NADH created and enter the
mitochondria
Glycolysis p
c p Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
•What happens? Glucose is c c
broken down by ATP, NAD+, p c
p
& Various enzymes
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes begin to
breakdown glucose
2.Enzyme add-P
3. NADH created and enter the
mitochondria
NAD+ H
4. Four ATP created
NAD+H
Glycolysis p
c p Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
•What happens? Glucose is c c
broken down by ATP, NAD+, p c
p
& Various enzymes
•Steps
A p p
1. Two ATP & enzymes begin to
breakdown glucose A p p Adenosine diphosphate

2.Enzyme add-P A p p
3. NADH created and enter the
mitochondria A p p

4. Four ATP created NAD+ H

NAD+H
Glycolysis A p p p
c p Nucleus
A p p
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
•What happens? Glucose is c c
A p p p
broken down by ATP, NAD+, c
p
& Various enzymes A p p
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes begin to
breakdown glucose
2.Enzyme add-P
3. NADH created and enter the
mitochondria
4. Four ATP created NAD+ H

NAD+H
Glycolysis
c Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
•What happens? Glucose is c c
broken down by ATP, NAD+, c
& Various enzymes Pyruvate (C3H4O)
•Steps
1. Two ATP & enzymes begin to
breakdown glucose
A p p p
2.Enzyme add-P
3. NADH created and enter the A p p p
mitochondria
A p p p
4. Four ATP created NAD+ H
A p p p
5. 2 pyruvate is produced
NAD+H
Lactic Acid Fermentation
c Nucleus
• Location: Cytoplasm c c
• Occur when cell does not receive c c
enough oxygen to perform Krebs c
Cycle and electron transport chain Pyruvate (C3H4O)
- During exercise, your muscle need
a lot of ATP because they are
working very hard
- Solution: Breakdown Glucose to A p p p
ATP A p p p
- New problem: oxygen is needed to
create vast amount of ATP, but mucle cell A p p p
is deprived of oxygen. NAD+ H
A p p p
- New Solution: create ATP without NAD+H
oxygen.
Lactic Acid Fermentation
c Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c
NAD+ H
c
c
c
•Occur when cell does NAD+Hc

not receive enough

oxygen to perform
Krebs Cycle and electron
A p p p
transport chain
A p p p
•Steps A p p p
1. pyruvate gains H from A p p p
NADH
Lactic Acid Fermentation Lactic acid

c Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm H
c
c
c
c
H
•Occur when cell does c

not receive enough

oxygen to perform
Krebs Cycle and electron
A p p p
transport chain NAD+
A p p p
•Steps A p p p
NAD+
1. pyruvate gains H from A p p p
NADH
 c

Lactic Acid Fermentation H

c
c
c
c
Glucose C6H12O6
H c Nucleus
c c
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
c c
•Occur when cell does not
receive enough oxygen to
perform Krebs Cycle and
electron transport chain
p
•Steps NAD+
A p p

A p p p
1. pyruvate gains H from NAD+
NADH A p p p

2. lactic acid is formed and A p p p

NAD+ is recreated
Lactic Acid Fermentation Glucose C6H12O6
c c c Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm H
c c c c
c c c c
•Occur when cell does not H
c
receive enough oxygen to
perform Krebs Cycle and
electron transport chain
•Steps A p p p
NAD+
1. pyruvate gains H from A p p p
NADH NAD+
A p p p
2. lactic acid is formed and
NAD+ is recreated A p p p

3. NAD+ restart glycolysis

Alcohol Fermentation
c Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
c c
•Occurs in yeasts (fungi) and c
some plants Pyruvate (C3H4O3)

•Steps
1. enzyme breakdown glucose
A p p p

A p p p

A p p p
NAD+ H
A p p p
NAD+H
Alcohol Fermentation
c Nucleus
•Location: Cytoplasm c c
c c
•Occurs in yeasts (fungi) and c
some plants
•Steps
1. enzyme breakdown glucose
A p p p

A p p p

A p p p
NAD+ H
A p p p
NAD+H
Alcohol Fermentation O
c
O
c Nucleus
O O
•Location: Cytoplasm c
c c
•Occurs in yeasts (fungi) and c
some plants
•Steps
1. enzyme breakdown glucose
A p p p

A p p p

A p p p
NAD+ H
A p p p
NAD+H
 O
Alcohol Fermentation c
O
O Nucleus
c
•Location: Cytoplasm O
c
c c
•Occurs in yeasts (fungi) and c
some plants
•Steps
1. enzyme breakdown glucose
A p p p
2. NADH loses H to become NAD+
A p p p

A p p p
NAD+ H
A p p p
NAD+H
 O
Alcohol Fermentation c
O
O Nucleus
c
•Location: Cytoplasm O NAD+ H
c
c c
•Occurs in yeasts (fungi) and NAD+H
c
some plants
•Steps
1. enzyme breakdown glucose
A p p p
2. NADH loses H to become NAD+
A p p p

A p p p

A p p p
 O
Alcohol Fermentation c
O
Ethanol

O Nucleus
c
•Location: Cytoplasm O H
c
c c
H
•Occurs in yeasts (fungi) and c
some plants
•Steps
1. enzyme breakdown glucose
A p p p
2. NADH loses H to become NAD+
A p p p
NAD+
A p p p
NAD+
A p p p
 O
c
Alcohol Fermentation O
O Nucleus
c
•Location: Cytoplasm O
•Occurs in yeasts (fungi) and
c
some plants H
c
•Steps c
H
c
1. enzyme breakdown glucose
A p p p
2. NADH loses H to become NAD+
A p p p
NAD+
A p p p
NAD+
A p p p
ANAEROBIC
RESPIRATION