CLORDER:ASS: AnurAmphia bia

NGUYỄN HOÀNG PHÚC: 19157009

NGUYỄN VIẾT THÁI SAN: 19157012
 THE CLASS AMPHIBIA IS A DIVERSE GROUP
INCLUDING FROGS, TOADS, SALAMANDERS,
AND CAECILIANS.

GJELTEMA, J. L. (2022). INTRODUCTION TO OPHTHALMOLOGY OF AMPHIBIA. IN F. MONTIANI-FERREIRA, B. A. MOORE, & G. BEN-

SHLOMO (EDS.), WILD AND EXOTIC ANIMAL OPHTHALMOLOGY: VOLUME 1: INVERTEBRATES, FISHES, AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, AND
BIRDS (PP. 107–120). SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING. HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1007/978-3-030-71302-7_6
ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF ANURAN AMPHIBIAN
 CONTENT

1. OVERVIEW OF THE ORDER ANURA DIVERSITY

2. REPRODUCTION IN ANURA

3. BIODIVERSITY OF ANURA
OVERVIEW OF THE ORDER ANURA DIVERSITY

(COMMON NAME: FROG OR TOAD)

Around over 3500 living species divided among 21

families

Aquatic mode of reproduction: most of them have

external fertilization mechanism.

Ectothermic animal
Males use vocalizations for courtship, establishing
territories
Head and trunk combined, larval tail lost as an adult
OVERVIEW OF THE ORDER ANURA DIVERSITY

PRIME EXAMPLE OF BIODIVERSITY

DIVERSITY | FREE FULL-TEXT | PHYLOGENOMIC
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NEOTROPICAL POISON
FROGS (DENDROBATIDAE) AND THEIR
CONSERVATION | HTML. (N.D.). RETRIEVED
NOVEMBER 7, 2022, FROM
HTTPS://WWW.MDPI.COM/1424-2818/11/8/126/HTM
OVERVIEW OF THE ORDER ANURA DIVERSITY

BODY-SIZE EVOLUTION AMONG 2,434

SPECIES WITH OVER 200 MILLION YEARS OF
SHARED EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY.

WOMACK, M. C., & BELL, R. C. (2020). TWO-HUNDRED MILLION YEARS OF ANURAN

BODY-SIZE EVOLUTION IN RELATION TO GEOGRAPHY, ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY.
JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, 33(10), 1417–1432.
HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1111/JEB.13679
OVERVIEW OF THE ORDER ANURA DIVERSITY
REPRODUCTION IN ANURA
EGGS AND SPERM ARE SHED
DIRECTLY INTO THE WATER
REPRODUCTION IN ANURA

REPRODUCTION
External fertilization
LIFE CYCLE OF THE COMMON FROG.
IMAGE CREDIT: OXFORD UNIVERSITY
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
Eggs begin to develop
immediately
Tadpoles develop within a
few days
 REPRODUCTION IN ANURA

FROG AND TOAD—

REPRODUCTION AND DIET |
BRITANNICA. (N.D.).
RETRIEVED NOVEMBER 7,
2022, FROM
HTTPS://WWW.BRITANNICA.
COM/ANIMAL/ANURA/NATUR
AL-HISTORY
BIODIVERSITY OF ANURA

DIVERSIFICATION IN A BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT – THE EVOLUTION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN

RHACOPHORID TREE FROGS ON BORNEO (AMPHIBIA: ANURA: RHACOPHORIDAE)—SCIENCEDIRECT.
(N.D.). RETRIEVED NOVEMBER 7, 2022, FROM
HTTPS://WWW.SCIENCEDIRECT.COM/SCIENCE/ARTICLE/ABS/PII/S1055790313001486
 BIODIVERSITY OF ANURA

PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES REVEAL

UNEXPECTED PATTERNS IN THE EVOLUTION
OF REPRODUCTIVE MODES IN FROGS

TEST FOR ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN TERRESTRIAL

REPRODUCTION AND FEMALE ADULT SIZE, EGG SIZE,
CLUTCH SIZE, AND PARENTAL CARE.
 BIODIVERSITY OF ANURA

MODESEGGSWIANDTH TERRESTRI
AQUATI C A L
LDIARVAE OFTEN PRECEDE
RECT DEVELOPMENT
PATTERNS OF REPRODUCTIVE‐MODE EVOLUTION IN OLD WORLD TREE
FROGS (ANURA, RHACOPHORIDAE)—MEEGASKUMBURA—2015—
ZOOLOGICA SCRIPTA—WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY. (N.D.). RETRIEVED
NOVEMBER 8, 2022, FROM
HTTPS://ONLINELIBRARY.WILEY.COM/DOI/ABS/10.1111/ZSC.12121
 BIODIVERSITY OF ANURA

CONTRUCTION OF EVOLUTION OF REPRODUCTIVE MODE

USING COMPARATIVE METHODS ON A PHYLOGENY AND MATCHED LIFE-HISTORY DATABASE

TISSUE
ALIGNMENT OF TESTING
EXTRACTION, PCR
SEQUENCES AND ALTERNATIVE
AMPLIFICATION
PHYLOGENETIC PHYLOGENETIC
AND DNA
ANALYSES HYPOTHESES
SEQUENCING

PATTERNS OF REPRODUCTIVE‐MODE EVOLUTION IN OLD WORLD TREE FROGS (ANURA, RHACOPHORIDAE)—MEEGASKUMBURA—2015—ZOOLOGICA SCRIPTA
—WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY. (N.D.). RETRIEVED NOVEMBER 8, 2022, FROM HTTPS://ONLINELIBRARY.WILEY.COM/DOI/ABS/10.1111/ZSC.12121
 BIODIVERSITY OF ANURA

CONTRUCTION OF EVOLUTION OF REPRODUCTIVE MODE

USING COMPARATIVE METHODS ON A PHYLOGENY AND MATCHED LIFE-HISTORY DATABASE

TISSUE
ALIGNMENT OF TESTING
EXTRACTION, PCR
SEQUENCES AND ALTERNATIVE
AMPLIFICATION
PHYLOGENETIC PHYLOGENETIC
AND DNA
ANALYSES HYPOTHESES
SEQUENCING

PATTERNS OF REPRODUCTIVE‐MODE EVOLUTION IN OLD WORLD TREE FROGS (ANURA, RHACOPHORIDAE)—MEEGASKUMBURA—2015—ZOOLOGICA SCRIPTA
—WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY. (N.D.). RETRIEVED NOVEMBER 8, 2022, FROM HTTPS://ONLINELIBRARY.WILEY.COM/DOI/ABS/10.1111/ZSC.12121
BIODIVERSITY OF ANURA

THE OLD WORLD TREE FROGS (ANURA:

RHACOPHORIDAE), WITH 387 SPECIES, DISPLAY A
REMARKABLE
DIVERSITY OF REPRODUCTIVE MODES – AQUATIC
BREEDING, TERRESTRIAL GEL NESTING, TERRESTRIAL
FOAM
NESTING AND TERRESTRIAL DIRECT DEVELOPMENT.

PATTERNS OF REPRODUCTIVE‐MODE EVOLUTION IN OLD WORLD TREE FROGS (ANURA,

RHACOPHORIDAE)—MEEGASKUMBURA—2015—ZOOLOGICA SCRIPTA—WILEY ONLINE
LIBRARY. (N.D.). RETRIEVED NOVEMBER 8, 2022, FROM
HTTPS://ONLINELIBRARY.WILEY.COM/DOI/ABS/10.1111/ZSC.12121
 THÀNH
1.2. NGUYỄN VI
HOÀNGÊN THỰC
PHÚCHI
- ỆN:
19157009
NGUYỄN VIẾT THÁI SAN - 19157012