(SAS 1, 2, 3, 4)
Third level  Check the outline for the proper order-that
TOPIC OUTLINE
 Arranges your ideas hierarchically
(showing which are main and which are
sub-points), in the sequence you want,
and shows what you will talk about. As
the name implies, it identifies all the little
mini-topics that your paper will comprise,
and shows how they relate.
 The topic is the broad, general theme or
message. It is what some call the jubject.
 A topic outline lists words or phrases.
 As in any outline, remember that a division
or subdivision cannot be divided into one
part; therefore, if there is an "A" there must
be a "B," and if there is a "1" there must be a
"2."
 Also, the wording within each division
must be parallel.
 An outline is a "blueprint" or "plan" for
your paper. It helps you to organize your
thoughts and arguments.
OUTLINE PAGE MUST INCLUDE:
 Paper title
 Major points/arguments indicated by Roman
numerals (i.e., I, II, III, IV, V, etc.)
 Support for your major points, indicated by
capital Arabic numerals ( i .e.,A, B, C, D, E,
etc.)
EXAMPLE:
1. First level (main heading)
A. Second level
1. Third level
2.
is, for a sensible sequence or organization
a. Fourth level
of ideas.
B. Second level
EXAMPLE OF A TOPIC OUTLINE
Il. First level (main heading)
 I. Family Problems
A.Custodial: Non-custodial Conflicts
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN B. Extended Family
WRITING AN OUTLINE C. Adolescent's Age
 II. Economic Problems
 The type of outline that should be used
A. Child Support
depends on these; the length of your paper
B. Women's Job Training
and the complexity of your material, to
C. Lower Standard of Living
name only two. When preparing to write a
D. Possible Relocation
long paper that presents a lot of material and
complex issues, you might like to make a
 1. Poorer Neighborhood
complete sentence outline that maps out
 2. New School
every detail of your argument and its
evidence. If you are going to do a short,
 III. Peer Problems
relatively uncomplicated paper, perhaps a
A. Loss of Friends
brief topic outline would be sufficient. Not
B. Relationships with Dates
the least important factor in your choice of
outline is your preference. What type of
outline do you feel most comfortable with?
SENTENCE OUTLINE
 is very much the same as the topic
outline. It is just that in sentence
outline, instead of using
AN EFFECTIVE OUTLINE
words/phrases, you complete the
thought or idea by using complete
 See that all the parts of the outline are sentences.
there-- main headings, and subordinate  Each main idea or topic is expressed
headings. as a complete sentence, and
 Use the proper outline form. supporting details or sub-points are
 Make your outline reasonably specific, also written in sentence form beneath
particularly in your main headings (I, II, III, the main ideas.
etc.).
 Check the outline for logic. Do all the parts PURPOSE:
fit together? Does every supporting point  To provide a clear and organized roadmap
firmly fit your thesis? for the writer, making it easier to develop
 and expand upon each point when writing
the actual content.
 It helps maintain coherence and logical
flow in the final written piece. Sentence
outlines are commonly used in academic
writing, research papers, and other forms
of expository writing to ensure a well-
structured and organized composition.
DIFFERENCES
 Topic outline is a less detailed, more
condensed plan using keywords and
phrases, ORGANIZERS
GRAPHIC while a sentence outline
provides a more comprehensive and
detailed plan using complete
sentences for each main point and
supporting detail.
 Topic Outline: It is often created in the
early stages of planning before the
MAIN IDEA
actual writing begins. It helps in
organizing thoughts and establishing
a framework for the content.
 Topic Outline: It serves as a quick
and condensed overview, helping the
writer to organize thoughts and create a
basic structure without delving into too
much SUB
detail.TOPIC
 Sentence Outline: It is developed as a
more advanced planning tool, usually
after the creation of a topic outline. It
MINDa MAPPING
provides more detailed blueprint for
the writing process.
 Sentence Outline: It serves as a more
detailed plan, providing a step-by-
step guide for writing. It helps the
writer to expand each point into a fully
developed section or paragraph.
NARRATION
 The purpose of narration is to tell a story or
relate an event.
 Narration is an especially useful tool for  A general organizer that shows a central
sequencing or putting details and idea with its corresponding characteristics
information into some kind of logical order,
usually chronological. Literature uses VENN DIAGRAM
narration heavily, but it also can be useful in
non-fiction, academic writing for strong  Used to identify the similarities and
impact. differences between two concepts
FLOW DIAGARAM
 Shows a steps or events in the order in
which they take place.
REMEMBER THAT NARRATIVE
TEXT...
 tells a story that makes a point
 Are visual representation of knowledge that
 tells background of people and event
structure information.
 shows sequence of events
DESCRIPTION
 shows the hierarchical relationship between
 The purpose of the description is to recreate,
major concepts and their subordinate
invent, or visually present a person, place, elements. This organizer is extremely
event, or action so that the reader can picture
beneficial in helping students distinguish
that which is being described. central ideas and their corresponding details
 It is heavily based on sensory details: sight,
from less important information.
sound, smell, feel, and taste.
REMEMBER THAT DESCRIPTION
 A topic that is part of a broader or more
TEXT...
general topic.
 provide clear details to the topic
 tries to create a picture in the mind of
readers  A visual tool for enhancing the
 uses sensory details and precise words brainstorming process.
 a brainstorming technique that can be used
BRAINSTORMING to organize thoughts and ideas.
 writing down a central theme and thinking
of new and related ideas which radiate out
 Generally used in a group setting, to quickly from the centre.
generate a large number of ideas about a
THE
specific problem or 5topic.
WHYS
 the practice of asking why repeatedly
CONCEPT MAP whenever a problem is encountered in order
 to get beyond the obvious symptoms to  highlights the direct relationship between
discover the root cause. different events or concepts. This tool is one
of the most beneficial organizers because of
FIGURE STORMING its many applications in all subject areas.
 putting yourself in the shoes of someone
else to think about how they might handle
the situation. It can be effective because it
challenges us to get away from our own
biases and perceptions.

REVERSE STORMING
 Instead of thinking about direct solutions to
a problem, reverse brainstorming works by
identifying ways you could cause or worsen
a problem. You then reverse these ideas to
find solutions you hadn't thought of before.

BRAIN WRITING
 it can be used to generate new ideas,
encourage creative problem-solving, and
develop innovative solutions. But, instead of
getting people to discuss ideas out loud,
brainwriting gets people to write them down
and share them anonymously.

RAPID IDEATION
 to produce an abundance of ideas in a short
amount of time unconstrained by
judgements or perceived limitations.

GAP FILLING
 starts with identifying the current state and
the goal where you want to be. Then you
start filling in the gap between them.

REVERSE THINKING
 a technique that prompts a group to think of
problems, rather than solutions.

CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAM