Language Summary 1 ts) DVD-ROM 1 SN Countries, nationalities and languages 1A El ps coontin | naionaties | languages timtom..|Pmer | speak Brazil | Bradlian | Portuguese Australia | Australian | English Argentina | Argentinian | Spanish the USA | Américan Gérmany | Grman Hay | tain México | Méxican Rissa | Rlssian sian Egypt | Eaiptian | Arabic Engish Spanish Polish Tarkish | chinése r Jobs 1B EJ pio Match the jobs to pictures a-p. 1 [2] aménager /mensdse/ 9 2] a musician /mjuzfons 2 (2) adéctor 10 [ atéacher 3. [Bl anenginder 1" a a stent 4 a sales assistant 2 a hdusewife 5 awaiter/a waitress 13 77) an accotintant 6 acléaner 4 a a lawyer /‘Tata/ 7 [9] apoice otfcer 15 (0) aber 8 an actor/an actress 16 [1] amechanic Inthe Language Summaries we only show the main stress in words and phrases, © You can check the phonemic symbols (//, /d3/, etc.) on p167. TIPS + We use a or an with jobs: /’m a doctor. not Fer-deeter. ‘= We can also say m unemployed. not Hmran-unempleyed. and I'm retired. not Frve-rotred. * What do you do? = What's your job? aandan 1B E¥ pio © We use a with nouns that begin with a consonant sound, (The consonants are b, c, d,f, etc.) m a student. We use an with nouns that begin with a vowel sound. (The vowels are a, 0, i, 0, u): He's an actor. TIP + We use a with nouns thet begin with a /J/ sound: a university /ju:mivassti/ Numbers 20-100 1C Ell pi2 20 = twenty 2 50 = fitty 21 =twenty-dne 2 skxty 22=twenty-tws 2 seventy 23 =twenty-tnvde 2 Sghty /exti/ 2a =twenty-iour 3 rinety wenty-fe ahindred Personal possessions 1D ll p'4 Do you remember these things? Check on p14. adiary ‘an umbréla coat ——aliptop. a wilet bag abke/bloycle adress an MPS player shoes araigio an 5 card amébie acimera asiltcase false th watch TIP » We can say a mobile, a phone or a mobile phone (US: a cel, a phone or a cell phone) EG Plurals 1D Ei p14 singular _| plural _singular_| irregular plural +s ‘aman | men abag | bags fa woman | wémen awalet | wets achid | chien ‘tease | sliteases_ a p8rs0n | people lace tooth | teeth ‘watch | watches adress | drésses TIP + We also add -¢s to 3 [y= -les words ending ins, -sh, x adiary | diatiés and -z: bus + buses, etc.this, that, these, those 1D Ell p15 hore $ singular | this (unbrote) plural | these (watches) | those (aise teeth) that (camera) there © This, that, these, those go before bein sentences: Those are my shoes. © This, that, these, thase go after be in questions: Is that your bag? i be (1): positive and Wh- questions 1A [J po POSITIVE (+) Wh QUESTIONS (?) I'm from Spain, am) Where are you from? Youre in room 6. you are) Where's he from? He's from Italy. Where's she from? ‘She's from Brazil he is) ‘What's your name? It's Carlos Moreno. We're from Australia. (= we are) They're from the UK. (= they are) TIPS + you and your are singular and plural ‘= We can write Where's, What's, etc. but not Where¥e, Whatro, et. ‘What are your names? ‘Where are they from? Subject pronouns and possessive adjectives 1A Ei po subject | [you |e |sne|a | wo | rey “possessive | may | your | his | her | ts | our | their TIPS + We use subject pronouns with verbs: He's a doctor. We lye in Paris. * We use possessive adjectives with nouns: My name's Hanif. t's her bag. be (2): negative, yes/no questions and short answers 1B EJ p11 NEGATIVE (-) We make negatives with not. I'm not a teacher. You/We/They aren't from the USA. (aren't = are not) He/She/it isn’t famous. (isn't = is not) YES/NO QUESTIONS (2) _| SHORT ANSWERS Am tate? | Yes, you are. ‘Are you from Spain?__| Yes, | am. ‘No, I'm not. Ishe/she amusician? | Yes, he/she is. | No, he/she isn't, Isit Japanese? | Yes, itis. No, it isnt. ‘Are we in room 5? ‘Yes, we/you are. | No, we/you aren't. ‘Are you from New York? | Yes, we are. | No, we aren't ‘Are they French? Yes, they are. | No, they aren't TIPS * We can also make negatives and negative short answers with 's or 're + not: She's not famous. You're not from the USA. No, you're not. No, she's not, etc + We can't say Yes-yourre. Yes-tm, etc. i NORLD Introducing people 1A Ed ps Bianca, this is Toshi. Héllo, Toshi. Nice to méet you. [Halo shi. Nieto mit you | ‘You too. TIP * When a person says Nice to meet you. we can say You fo0., And you. or Nice to meet you too. Asking for personal details 1C Bi pis What's your stimame, pldase? What's your frst nme? What's your nationality? What's your addréss? What's your pdstcode? What's your mébile nimber? What's your hme nimber? \Whit's your émail addréss? TIPS * We can say sumame or last name. ‘= Inphone numbers 0 = oh or zero and 11 = double one, + We can say What's your home number? or What's your landline (number)? * In email addresses we say: . = dot, A= capital A * postcode (UK) = zip code (US) * We say How old are you? to ask about age: A How old are you? B I'm fitty. not Hrawe-flty. oF FRMARy- years. + If you're not married, you can say you're single: ‘A Are you married? B No, I'm single. * We say years old for things: My bike's ten years old, not My bike's ton. Asking people to repeat things 1¢ i pis I'm sérry? Could you say that again, pldase? Could you repéat that, pléase’? at,Language Summary 2 Poe EEE Adjectives (1) 2A EE pie Match the adjectives to pictures a-n. 1 new 2 good = aeaa4 | FRE 3 cheap [7] expénsive RS 4 boautitl [7] toy isaBOTO 5 éasy [2] dificut 6 big [27] small 7 éarty [2] tate 8 ast [g] slow 9 young [{] old 10 right [7] wrong nice [m] 12 great [i] 42 impértant [ic] 14 fvourte pie ‘© We put adjectives after the verb be: She's late. © We put adjectives before a noun: t's a small bag. © We put very before adjectives: It's @ very difficult question, ‘© Adjectives aren't plural with plural nouns: Those are my new shoes. EZ} Family 28 Bi pis Gi mate Qtemate palonns “father (dac)__| mBther (mum) —_| parents son /san/___| daughter /datta/_| children (kids) brbther brada/ | sistor is band —__| wife (plural: wives) | ~ grandfather | grandmother ‘grandparents: grandson | arnddaughter | grndchildren tncle [aunt fam | usin /kazan/ | edusin edusins TIPS * parents = mother and father only; relatives = all the people in your family. * brothers = men/boys only. We ask: How many brothers and sisters have you got? * a boyfriend/girltrien romantic relationship with, ‘= We use How many (+ noun) to ask about a number: How many children have you got? * Dad, mum and kids are informal words. eB a man/woman you have a EZ} Time words 2C §ij p20 60 séconds = 1 minute /mmtt/ 7 days = 1 week 60 minutes = 1 hour 12 months = 1 year 24 hours = 1 day TIP + We say two and a half hours not twe-hours-anca half Things in ahouse 2D ij p22 Match the words to a-t in the picture. 1 © aminor 5 [& adoor 2 Gl aplant 2 [7] adesk 6 [2] abdokcase 10 [J] a cities tabla 3 [] astra 7 [A awindow 11 [A] alamp 4 Ld ackpet 8 [[] thetioor 12 [©] cirtainsEX} Prepositi Under behing [EXIF have got: positive and negative 2A El pis in front of have not got) you've got you haven't got he's got (= he has got) | he hasn't got (= he has not got) she's got, she hasn't got i's got | hasn't got we've got | we haven't got they've got | they haven't got TIP * We use any with plural nouns in negatives: He hasn't got any DVDs. (BB) have got: questions and short answers 2A pi7 YESINO QUESTIONS (2) SHORT ANSWERS Have I got any letters today? | Yes, youhave. | No, youhaven't, Have you got a camera? Yes, | have. | No, haven't. Has he got aDVD player? —_| Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. Has she got a DVD player? | Yes, shehas. _| No, she hasn't. Has it got a DVD player? Yes, ithas. No, it hasn't. Have we got any CDs? Yes, we/you have. | No, we/you haven't Have they got any cheap TVs? | Yes, they have. | No, they haven't TIPS + We use any with plural nouns in yes/no questions: Have you got any DvDs? + We don't use got in short answers: Yes, Ihave. not ¥es-+have-get. WH- QUESTIONS \What have you got in your bag? \What has he/she got in his/her bag? Possessive ’s 2B El p19 © Weuse aname + 's (Pam's, etc.) or anoun + 's (husband's, etc.) for the possessive: uill is Pam's sister. My husband’s name is Nick. TIPS ¢ For plural nouns, we write s’: ‘My parents" names are Mary and Ben. + 's can mean the possessive, is or has: Ben is Pam's father. 's = possessive) Jill's her sister. ('s = is) ‘She's got one brother. 's = has) + We use Whose to ask which person/people a thing belongs to: A Whose mobile phone is it? B It's Nick's. Pea Ell Telling the time | 2C 1 El p20. five past two/ ten past three / twoohfive three ten quarter past ‘twenty-five past four /four fifteen five /five twenty _six/ six twenty- five twenty-five to seven thirty eight / seven. thirty-five quarter to ten/ ten toeleven/ five to twelve / nine forty-five ten fitty ‘leven fity-five TIPS » We can say quarter past/to six or a quarter ppastito six. We don't say fiteer-past six. ‘For other times, we say minutes: nineteen minutes past six not nineteen past six.EG} Talking about the ‘QUESTIONS ABOUT THE TIME ie 2C Ei p20 [ts éne o'clock. ia eee oe What's the time, | | I's about half please? _past séven. Exetise me. Have you got |_| Yés, i's four the time, pléase? fiftéen, PREPOSITIONS OF TIME © We use at for times: My English class is at ten, © We use from ... to for length of time: My son's class is from ‘seven to nine thirty. TIP + ath =0.00-12.00 _midday/noor 12.00 uth. = 12,00-24.00 midnight = 24.00 EBB Saying prices 2¢ p21 £20 = twenty pounds {69 = nine euros /Juoroux/ £7.50 = seven pounds fifty €6.50 = six euros fifty 40p = forty p /pi $35 = thirty-five dollars. £29.99 = twenty-nine ninety-nine CUSTOMER, TICKET SELLER Can | have (tw6) tickets for (The Bréthers), pléase? (Tw6) tickets for (A Néw Day), pléase. One Adult and éne 50c = fifty cents /sents/ Buying tickets at the cinema 2C [J p21 child. Z Yés, of odurse. How miich is that? How miich are the tickets? W “That's (£23), pldase (€11.50) for 2dutts and (£8.45) for children. So a that's (£19.95), pase. Right. Thanks a lat. It stdrts at (séven fiftéen), It stdrts in (tw6 minutes). Thank you véry mich. TIPS * We say How much is + this, that or a singular noun: How much is that? How much is the exhibition? ‘= We say How much are + these, those or a plural noun: ‘How much are these? How much are the tickets? Youre walcome. Endy A the fim. Language Summary 3 Daily routines 3A [i p24 Match the words/phrases to pictures a-o. 1 LC) get ip 9 (_] finish classes 2 [) goto bad 10 [_] leave héme 3 (_) have bréakfast /brekfost/ 11 [_) gethéme 4 (J have itinch 12 [9) work 5 [_] have dinner 13 [h] stidy 6 (_] start work /ws:k/ 14 (| sleep 7 (J start classes 15 [J ive 8 (J finish workoe DVD-ROM 3 EZ} Free time activities (1) 3B Ell p26 Match the phrases to pictures a-|. 1 [A] stayin 7 [| goshépping 2yfalpocut (alot, 8 [J phone tends/my fémity 3 LJ eatout 9 [_] visit tends /my family 4 [J go fora drink 10 [_] have coffee with friends 5 [_] goto the cinema 11 [J co a ot of spért elie tece 12 CJ watch (alot of TWOVBs TIPS * We say: Do you want to go for a dlink? not Be-youwant-te-drink- someting? = We can say do sport or play sport: I play sport at the weekend. ‘= We can say a fot of + noun or lots of + noun: / do a Jot of sport. | watch lots of DVDs. + 90 tothe cinema (UK) = go to the mévies (US) Time phrases with on, in, at, every 3B El p27 on in at every + day + part of the day + time week Saturday the moming nine o'clock |day Mondays the afternoon | half past three| month Monday momings | the evening right ‘Sunday afternoon night ‘morning the week the weekend | Sunday afternoon TIPS + We can use the singular or plural of days, parts of the day and the weekend to talk about routines: | stay in on Monday/Mondays. 1 go out in the evening/evenings. | work at the weekend/weekends, * We don't use a plural with every: every week not every-weeks, * We say in the morning/afternoon/evening but at night. Months 3C Ej p23. January July February August March September Apri October May November June December TIP * We use in with months: My birthday's in December. Dates 3C El p2s 18 first 17" seventéenth 2 scond 18" eightéenth 3° third 19 —ninetéenth 4% fourth 20" — twéntieth sm fifth 21" twenty-first 6m sixth 22% twenty-s&cond 7 sventh 23°° twenty-third 8" — eighth 24% — twenty-fdurth 9° ninth 25° twenty-fifth 10" tenth 26" — twenty-sixth 11" eléventh 27" — twenty-séventh 12% twelfth 28" — twenty-eighth 13" thirtéenth, 29" — twenty-ninth, 14" fourtéenth, 30" thirtieth 15" fiftéenth, 31" thirty-first 16" sixtéenth Frequency adverbs 3D il p30 Always Stten hardly éver Gsually sdmetimes. 100% 0%. Word order of frequency adverbs 3D EB ps0 © Frequency adverbs go after the verb be: Imalways happy and I have a lot of eneray. * Frequency adverbs go before other verbs: / sometimes get up before 9 a.m. TIPS * We can use always, usually and often with negative verb forms: don't often eat out = We can't use sometimes, haraly ever or never with negative verb forms: We-dlon't sometimes-watch FV,Present Simple (1): positive (Wyoulwe/they) 3A EM p24 © We use the Present Simple to talk about daily routines. © The Present Simple positive is the same for |, you, we and they. | get up at 4.20 in the morning. ‘You get up very early. We start work at about 70. They have an hour for lunch. Present Simple (1): Wh- questions (Wyoulwelthey) 3A El p25 question | auxtary | subject | imtntve | word feamee What time | do you | getup? | A a a when [do [you [have When [do [you __| finish What ime [do [you | get home? Where [do [you | have | dinner? TIP « Present Simple questions are the same for |, you, we and, they: Who do I ask? When do we start classes? What time do they have lunch? EE} Present Simple (2): neg (W/you/we/they) 3B E¥ p26 ® In Present Simple negative sentences with |, you, we and they we use: subject + don't (= do not) + infinitive | on Saturday evening | in this office. | at the weekend, TV in the day. They [don't | watch EDI Present Simple (2): yes/no questions and short answers (I/you/we/they) 3B Gl p27 YES/NO QUESTIONS (2) SHORT Twain "i ~ ANSWERS, Do you eatout | alot? Yes, | do. No, | don't. Do you | go to concerts? | Yes, we do. No, we don't Do they watch |TValot? _| Yes, they do. No, they don't, ED} Subject and object pronouns 3D ps1 subject |! | you|he |she|it | we | they pronouns {PACS CAltsiaai edosrig. ‘object |me|you|him|her|it |us | them Pronouns) | | TIP « In positive and negative sentences, subject pronouns go before the verb and object pronouns go after the verb: / often see him on Saturday. They don't usually call her in the moming. Pee Phrases for special days 3C El p28 abithday /bsodei/ Happy birthday! ‘a wedding Sees the birth of a new be eas! aby: aaa a New Year's Eve party | Hippy New Yéar! era wedding anniversary —_{ Happy anni Talking about days and dates 3C Ej p28 It’s Wednesday. (It’s) the fifth of March. NE ‘What's the dite tomorrow? | |(Ie’s) March the sixth. | eT ‘Whit day is it today? Whit's the date today? (It’s on) Jane the third. a) TIPS * We say: the fifth of March or March the fifth. We write: 5 March or March 5" + We use on with dates: My birthday’s on December 30°. + In the UK, 3.7.17 = 3° July 2017 (day/month/year). In the USA, 3.717 = 7 March 2017 (month/day/yean, Suggestions 3C EJ p29 ‘What shall we g&t her? Whén’s your birthday? ‘What about (an MP8 player)? 2X6, | don't think so, ‘Whi dén't we gét her (a bdok)?| Xd Maybe. LBt’s gét her (a DVO. 7 Yés, that's a gdod idéa. TIPS * We can say get or buy: What shall we get/buy her? = We use the infinitive after What shall we... ? and Let's What shall we do tonight? Let's go to the cinema.Language Summary 4 Match the phrases to pictures a+ 1 [| take phdtos 2 (] gotothe gm 3 (| watch sport on TW call tdecioetted 5 L play ténnis aba eal Cooter ce tegactnes 7 [J gocyeling Ren ett @alBgo rinning 10 (_] goctibbing EPR msc 12 [_] listen to the radio TIPS + We can say play video games or play computer games. * go cycling (UK) = go biking (US) [EB Things you like and don't like 4B Ell p34 Match the words/phrases to pictures a-o, (7 réading a a {@) t6otba [2] traveling (dl cas # shopping for clthes Z| video games ol animals dincing [i edoking 10 [| dince music 11 [A] rock music v2 (jazz 13. [x] tdlan food 14] chinese food 15 ] fésttood EE} like/love/hate 4B By p34 eas (ee al § a a Tea See EEE Verb+ing 4B El p34 | really ike travelling, | Ike books, © ies =) | don't ke shopping for clothes. | quite ike Italian food. Mike .. | hate cooking. | don't ike video games. 1 = tikes: TIPS + We use enjoy + verb-ing to say we like doing something: enjoy travelling. jalere OK: + We don't use the to talk about things we like/don't lke in general: } 8 ove books. (= books in general). He doesn’t like cats. (= cats in general). - ‘* We often use very much with like. We put it after the noun or verb+ing: I ite casng very much rot Hkerorymuch-coding(GB Food and drink (1) 4C EA p36 apizza aburger and chips _a cheeseburger (US: French fries) and chips a bottle Toot abottle of agassof abotieot ofbeer 20M Sperting white wine red wine stil mineral rineral el water a mixed salad Imiedgmeycrnsise achooss andiomato epple ple with creem -utgelad_ varie, erawbeny, twa.and cote sandwich sandwich chocolate ice cream (DB Food and drink (2) 4D Ej p38 Match the words to pictures a- 1 (i) biscuits /biskits/ cheese 2 2 mk a banéna 3 [BJ andople érange juice 4 [1 tice a croissant 5 [1] yogurt /jogaty __ kweeso/ 6 [1] sigar 16 (f] tea 7 [1 toast 19 [B) jam 8 |) bread 20 [A| meat ® [Pitch 21 [Y] fruit 10 [1] eggs 22 (d) céreal 11 [5] céttee 23 [I diives 12 [{] sdusages 24 [YZ] tomatoes /sosid3iz/ 28 fa végetables 13 [2] soup /vedstable/ TIPS « biscuits (UK) = cookies (US) * am (UK) = jélly (US) (EF Countable and uncountable nouns 4D El p38 COUNTABLE NOUNS UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS © Countable nouns have a plural form: biscuits, apples. Uncountable nouns aren't usualy plural: © We use a or an with singular countable nouns: a biscuit, an apple. milk: not nike, rice not eee. We don't use a or an with plural countable nouns: We don't use @ or an with uncountable nouns: biscuits not a-bisewits, apples not an-apples. ee TIP + Some nouns can be countable and uncountable: / lke coffee. (uncountable = coffee in general) Can I have a coffee, please? (countable p of coffee)Present Simple (3): positive and negative (he/she/it) 4A Eq p32 POSITIVE («) © In Present Simple postive sentences with he, she and t we add -s or-es tothe infinitive. He plays video games, He watches lots of DVDs. ‘She emails him every day. It starts at ten o'clock. TIP + The vert have is irregular. We say he/she/it has, not hefehetit haves: He has tennis lessons every week. NEGATIVE (-) © In Present Simple negative sentences with he, she and it we use: subject + doesn't (= does not) + infinitive subject | auxiliary | infinitive He | doesn't | ike | the weather. She | doesn't | talk | tohim very often it doesn't | start | at ton thirty. 2} Present Simple (3) posi spelling rules (he/she/it) 4A El p33 _ spelling rule examples most verbs: add-s plays writes phones gets stars ives verbs ending in -ch, -sh,-8, -85, -xor-z: | watches /wotfiz/ add -0s finishes /finifz/ verbs ending in consonant + y:-y—* ies | studies the verbs go and do: add -es goes does /daz/ the verb have is iregular has Present Simple (4): questions and short answers (he/she/it) 4B El p35 ‘QUESTIONS (2) question | auxiliary | subject | infinitive word What does [she | do in her tree time? Does _|she | watch | TValot? Does | she | like fms? What (music) | does | she | like? © Present Simple questions are the same for he, she and it: Where does he live? What time does it start? Does she like football? Does it start at nine o'clock? TIP + We sometimes use a noun with some question words (What, How many, etc.): What music do you ike? How many children have you got? SHORT ANSWERS, Yes, he does. _| No, he doesn't Yes, she does. | No, she doesn't. Yes, it does. | No, it doesn't. TIPS * We use do in questions with |, you, we and they. We use does in questions with he, she and it * We don't repeat the verb in short answers: Yes, she does. not ¥os-she-thes, No, she doesn't. not Me-she-deesn't ike [EQ have or have got? 4B El p35 © We can use have or have got to talk about possessions and family She's got two dogs. = She has two dogs. J haven't got any children, = | don't have any children. Have you got a car? = Do you have a car? © We can only use have to tak about meals and other activities: | don't have breakfast. not Lhaven't got breakfast: We often have cofiee with friends. not We-efter-have-got- coffee with- fends, Do you want to have a game of tennis? not Besyeu-wantto- ave got a game oF fons? RE, ey EIR Requests and offers 4C El p37 REQUESTS © We use 'd/We'd like ... and Can I/we have ... ? or requests (we want something). T'd/We'd like a béttle of mineral water, pléase. | ‘Can Uwe have the bill, pléase? OFFERS © We use Would you like ... ? for offers (we want to give ‘something or help someone). Would you like to order now? What would you like to drink? TIPS * ['d like = | would lke; We'd ike = We would like. = We use a noun after Can I/we have... ?: Can | have the bill, please? = We use a noun or the infinitive with fo after Would you like ... ? and 'd/Weid like ... : Would you like a dessert? I'd ke to order now, please. * the bill (UK) = the check (US)Language Summary 5 POET oe DVD-ROM 5 Adjectives (2) 5A El p40 Match these pairs of words to pictures a-} 1 ot [C) col doy (g] aulet {2 tan uniicky {Z) unnppy Interesting uniandty fantastic/amazing/wonderful 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ° 0 Years 5A El pai 1835 = eighteen thirty-five 1900 = nineteen hiindred 1990 = nineteen ninety 2000 = two thousand 2008 = two thousand and five 2018 = twenty eightéen TIPS + We use in with years: I was born in 1990, + 2000-2008 = two thousand, two thousand and ‘one, two thousand and two, ee. + 2010-2099 = twenty ten, twenty eleven, etc. Lifeevents 5B leave schdol/unvérsty meet my hisband/my wile get married/divérced make a fimya lot of méney become a fim cirector/timous TIP + a fim (UK) = a mévie (US) pa2 have children/a dréam move hcuse/to a different county study Engish/phisics write a book/a letter win an Oscarithe ttery Weekend acti 90 fora walk 90 for arin clean the car clean the house do the washing ies 5C El p44 490 away for the weekiind {90 away for a couple of dys have a great time have a bad cid go to a party do your homework {go to your parents’ house for inch write an émail stay with frfends write a report stay at home ali weekénd TIP « do the washing (UK) ESI Adjectives (3) 5D Ell pas Match these adjectives to pictures a-| 1 [) bored /ba:d/ 2 (] créwded 3 [Bl bisy /buzi aalshesmioriabie 5 (dirty 6 [J rich 7 8 ° do the ieundtry (US) i dingerous clean Li poor 10 [1 exctted wt (1) sale 12 [ émpty 2B Adjectives with very, really, quite, too 5D Ell p47 It's quite big. It’s very/really big. It's too big. * Too has a negative meaning. It means more than you want. © Very, really, quite and too come after the vert be and before adjectives: Iwas really excited. The restaurant was quite dirty. ‘TIP + We don't use too to mean very very: She's really happy. not She's toe-happy.[EIS Past Simple (1): be (positive and negative) 5A El po POSITIVE (+) NEGATIVE (-) Twas: wasn't (= was not) you/we/they were | you/we/they weren't (= were not) he/shet was It was a fantastic party! he/shesit wasn't ‘About thirty people were here. Robert wasn't here because he was il My two brothers weren't here, [EE Past Simple (1): be (questions and short answers) 5A ‘QUESTIONS (7) pat question | was/were | subject word When _| was | Albert's 13" birthday? Where | was __| the party? Were | his ends there? [Wes [the food _ good? Where | were ‘SHORT ANSWERS Yes, I/he/she/it was. ‘Yes, you/we/they were. WAS BORN/WERE BORN ‘When were you born? Where was Matt born? | his orandperents? No, V/he/she/it wasn't. No, you/welthey weren't He was born in Liverpool. a eee [EEF Past Simple (2): regular and irregular verbs (positive) 5B El p42 ‘© We use the Past Simple to talk about the past. We know when these things happened © The Past Simple positive is the same for all subjects (/, you, he, she, it, we, they). regular verbs: spelling rule ‘most regular verbs: add -ed regular verbs ending in -e: add -d regular verbs ending in consonant + y: y+ iand add -ed regular verbs ending in consonant + vowel + consonant: double the last consonant TIP « There are no rules for irregular verbs. There is an Irregular \Verb List on pt67. [EGIE Past Simple (2): Wh- questions 5B El pss © Past Simple questions are the same for all subjects (/, you, he, she, it, we, they). question | auxttary | subject | infinitive word | What | did ___| James _| study | at university? When [did [he Terminator 2? Which (fim) | cid | he in 3D in 20087 wno [did [he | marry | in 19977 TIP « Notice the difference between these questions: Where do you live? (Present Simple) TIP + We say / was born in 1940. not Hyern8-4940, Where did you live? (Past Simple). Pan) EEE Showing interest 5C Ell pas _Vmhappy foryou. | t'msorry for you. | 'msurprised. _| 'mnot surprised. Oh, rie. Oh, déar. Wow! (Oh, right Oh, grat! Whata she. | Réally? Youre joking! Asking follow-up questions 5C [J p45 ‘QUESTIONS YOU CAN ASK SOMEONE WHO WASILLATTHEWEEKEND STAYED AT HOME WENTTOTHECINEMA —_.. WENT AWAY FOR THE WEEKEND What was wring? What did you d6? What did you se? Wat wast tke? Are you OK nbw? What was it ike? Whére did you 06? Wh oil you 96 with Whé als you 98 with Whére aid you stay?Language Summary 6 eo DVD-ROM 6 Pee [GEIB The internet 6A El p43 use the internet 90 onine send émails have a favourite website get émais chat to your fiends o read 20100, have WiFi download videos or misic use a séarch engine TIPS + We can say get emails or receive emails ‘= We download music or videos onto a computerilaptop. ‘The opposite of download is upload. ‘= We can say chat to someone or chat with someone. * Google is a popular search engine. We can also use google as a vert: Why don't you google it? * Email, download, video, chat and blog can be nouns or verbs: email my brother a lot. She blogs every day. Phones and TVs 6B send/get a txt GPs aTV programme charge your phéne tum off TIPS + You can get or receive a text. Text is also a regular verb: He texted me yesterday. + You use a charger to charge your mobile phone * TV programme (UK) = TV show (US) EF Pasttime phrases 6B El p50 Aco © We use ago to tak about atime in the past. We use it wth the Past Simple: | met him two years ago. (= two years before now). Last © We use last to say the day, week, etc. in the past nearest to now: | met him last Friday. (= the Friday before now) © We use fast with days (last Monday), months (last March) and in these phrases: last night, last week, last weekend, last month, last year, last century. TIPS + We say last night, but yesterday morning/aftemoon/ evening not last-merning, ete. * We don't use a preposition with last: last year not inast year IN © Weuse in with years (in 1986) and months (in May) © We use in the with decades (in the nineties) and centuries (in the eighteenth century). TIPS * We can use on with days (on Monday) to mean last I met him on Monday. = I met him last Monday. * the day before yesterday = two days ago [GEE Verbs from news stories 6C El p52 REGULAR VERBS ae /deemids/ de Sabie receive IRREGULAR VERBS crash save buy (bought /bs:t/) lose /lu:z/ (lost) Cig say (said /sed/) find (found) put (put) ob Articles: a, an andthe 6D EJ pss We use the when we know which thing, person, place, etc. because there is only one: People call him the father of video games. © We use a or an to talk about things or people for the first time: The story always has a hero, a princess and a villain, © We use the to talk about a person or a thing for the second, third, etc. time: The villain wants to marry the princess. TIPS + We use the in some fixed phrases: at the weekend, in the evening, go to the cinema, etc. * We also use the with first, second, third, etc.: Shigeru designed the first Mario Brothers game in 1983. tell (old)Past Simple (3): negative 6A El pas To make the Past Simple negative of be, wo use wasn't or weren't (see EEXIIEGESF In the early days of the intoret, search engines weren't very good and it wasn’t easy for people to find the information they wanted. “To make the Past Simple negative of all other verbs, we use: subject + didn’t did not) + infinitive subject | auxiliary | infinitive They | didn't _ | like They _| didn't | finish They | didn't | have each other at frst their course, ‘any money, TIP * We use didn't for all subjects (I, you, he, she, it, we, they): | didn't go out last night. He didn't call me yesterday. [Es Past Simple (3): yes/no questions and short answers 6A EJ p49 YES/NO QUESTIONS (?) auxiliary subject __ infinitive Did 90 to the cinema last week? “Did [leave | Russia in 19787 Did | he 90 to Maryland University? Did | hisparents | teach | computer science? SHORT ANSWERS Yes, | did No, Idi Yes, youdid. __| No, you didn't. Yes, he/she/t did, | No, he/she/it didn't Yes,we did. _| No, we didn't. Yes, they did. | No, they dich’ TIP + Past Simple yes/no questions and short answers are the same for all subjects (/, you, he, she, it, we, they): ‘A Did you go shopping last weekend? B Yes, | did./No, I dnt. [E2} can/can’t; could/couldn’t 6B El psi POSITIVE (+) © We use can + infinitive to say that something is possible in the present You can choose from hundreds of TV channels. You can watch TV programmes ontine. © We use could + infinitive 1 say that something was possible in the past In the seventies you could only get three channels. | could watch all my favourite programmes in colour! NEGATIVE (-) © The negative of can is can't (= cannot) My son and daughter can't understand how people lived without them, {can't explain this to my kids. © The negative of could is couldn't (= could not) You couldn't record TV programmes. You couldn't watch TV all night. TIPS * Can/can't and could/couldn’t are the same for all subjects, (1, you, he, she, it, we, they). = We sometimes use you to mean ‘people in general’: You could only get three channels. = People could only get three channels. YES/NO QUESTIONS (2) _| SHORT ANSWERS ‘Can you watch TV online? Yes, you can. No, you gan't ‘Could you record programmes in 19747 | Yes, you could. No, you couldn't, © Yes/No questions and short answers with can/could are the ‘same for all subjects (, you, he, she, it, we, they) ‘Aan he/she dovmioed videos? ® Yes, he/she can. ‘A.Could they record programmes? B No, they couldn’. © We can also use question words (What, How many, etc.) with can/could: How many channels can/could you get? TIPS + We don't use do, does or did in questions with car/eould: Can you watch TV online? not Be-yeu-san-wateh-FY-onhne?. * We can also use can/could for abilty in the present and the paast: My sister can speak Russian. How many languages could your granafather speak? * We also use can for requests (Can you help me?) and offers (Can | help you?). KGB Talking about the news 6C [EJ ps3 © Tostart a conversation about the news, we can say: | NG, what happened? | a Oe id you hear abut that train crash? Did you réad about the | cighty-year-6ld couple and their boat? ‘© Torespond to good, bad and surprising news, we can say: goodnews _| bad news ‘surprising news _ Oh, that's good. | Oh n@, that's tere. | Really? Yés, isnt it Awful? | You're jéking! ‘Oh, déar. Are they OK? TIP + News is a singular noun. We say: The news is terrible. not eesensnyn are habenLanguage Summary 7 © vor —- —— Places in a town Match the words to pictures a-t. balding 2 [dl anouse 3 Cana 4 [Ba square /skweo/ 5 [a] amérkot 8 [j] astation 7 8 ° [Z) abiis station a park a muséum 10 a théatre " acinema 12 [A anotél 13 (Backte 14 [Washop 16 [Bi aréstaurant ar w Qj ap 18 (4 anairport 19 [PB] abeach 20 [7] aroad TIPS * We can say a station or a train station. ‘+a flat (UK) = an apartment (US); a cinema (UK) EZ} Rooms and things ina [EJF Shops 7C Ell peo house 7B Ey pss Do you remember the things in the flat in Park Road? Check on p58. ‘mévie theatre (US) eons | simiture /fecufay and ___| ether things ina house inthe Kitchen | a fridge /frids/, ‘a bookshop a cdoker,a sink, a washing machine, at8ble, four chairs, clipboards /kabadz/ inthe ving | a cites table, room two plants, a séta, two rmohais ‘a double béd, bédrooms: a single béd, a desk, plant, a chair, % ~ ms ashelt a bank achémist's abitcher's a baker's: ‘onthe balcony | three plants, a table, TIPS + We use in or at with shops: You can buy magazines in/at a newsagent's. | two chairs But we say: at a kiosk not in-a-osk. TIP + The plural of shelfis shelves. ‘+ a shop (UK) = 4 store (US); a chemist's (UK) = a pharmacy (US)Things to buy 7C El pso Match the words to pictures 2-1 1 LJstamps 7 [| péstcards 2 [djamap 8 [_} acake 3 [Jasiltease 9 [] aguide book 4 [i tlsues 10 [] anéwspaper 5 [J éspirin 11 [7] cigaréttes 6 LJalamp 12 [_] chécolate /foklat/ Clothes 7D El pez Match the words to pictures a-s. + [1] tecusers 1 LJatat 2 shorts 12 [Jatie 3 (jeans 13, 5] boots 4 Lladress 14 [socks 5 [| shoes 15 Llatsnit 6 Llasutsuty 16 LJ atop 7 Dlaskit tary 17 [) acoat 8 LJ ajimper 18 [J acap 9 (_] trdiners 19 [J ashirt /faty 10 [1] aldcket TIPS + We can say a jumper or a sweater. * trousers (UK) = pants (US) * trainers (UK) = sneakers (US) [EB Colours 7D Bi ps2 @66 white black blue yallow pink brown Grange —_plxple dark grden ight grden Plural nouns 7D Ei pez © We use are with plural nouns that mean ‘one thing’: Those jeans are nice. These trousers are very big. nouns that look plural | nouns that can be © We use some or any with nouns that mean ‘one thing’: / want some new but can mean ‘one thing’ | singular or plural shorts. Have you got any black jeans? Jeans a shoe/shoes TIPS * We can use a pair of ... with both types of plural noun: I've got a pair of shorts a sock/socks red joans/shoes. trousers aboot/boots * The word clothes /klaudz/ is always plural: These clothes are quite aero ‘expensive. If we want to use the singular, we can say an item of clothing.EI (EIB there is/there are 7A E ps7 ingular | plural POSITIVE (+) Thore’s a nice beach. NEGATIVE (-) There isn't a station, QUESTIONS (2) Is there a hotel? There are lots of things to do. ‘There aren't any restaurants, Are there any good pubs? ‘SHORT ANSWERS Yes, there is./No, there isn't. Yes, there are./No, there aren't. TIPS + We use any in negatives and questions with there are: There aren't any restaurants. += We can say lots of or a lot of: There are lots of/a lot of beautiful old buildings. ‘= We can also make negative sentences with no: There are no shops. There aren't any shops. * The Past Simple of there is and there are Is there was and there were: There was a party last weekend. There were a lot of people at the party ? and How many .? 7B i pss ? with plural countable nouns (tables, bedrooms, people, chairs, plants, etc.) How many bedrooms are there? How many people are in this room? © We use How much... ? with uncountable nouns (furniture, money, space, time, etc.) ‘How much space is there in the flat? How much furniture have you got? TIP * When we ask about prices we say: How much is that? not Hew-mueh meney-s-that?: A How much is that? B it's £25. [I some, any,a_ 7B Ell ps9 © Weuse a (or an) in positive sentences, negatives and questions with singular countable nouns. ‘© We usually use some in positive sentences with plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns. © We usually use any in negatives and questions with plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns. | singular countable nouns | plural countable nouns POSITIVE(+) | There's a cooker. NEGATIVE(-) | There in't a TV. QUESTIONS (2). | Has it gota shower? ae ‘There are some chairs. uncountable nouns. We'd like some information, We haven't got any children. | | haven't got any money. ‘Are there any shops? Is there any furniture? EBB What sales assistants say 7C EJ peo Can |help you? Do youneed any help? Yes, they're over there. They/re on the (second) floor. Anything else? Would you ike anything else? That's (£17.50), please Your pin number, please. Would you like a bag? Here's your change and your receipt. /risit/ TIPS + the ground floor (UK) = the first floor (US) ‘= We say the ground floor, the first floor, the second floor, etc. What customers say 7C [J p61 SAYING WHAT YOU WANT Have you gét any (guide bdoks for Landon)? Can | héve (f6ur stamps for Europe), pléase? Do you sé (sulitcases)? Nik have this 6ne, pléase. ASKING ABOUT PRICES OTHER USEFUL PHRASES Hw miich is this (mip)? NG, that’s thanks. How mich are thése (amps)? Hére you de. “Thanks for your hap. TIPS * We use one in place of a singular noun: ‘A Viould you like a bag? B No, thanks. I've got one. ‘= We use ones in place of a plural noun: ‘A How much are these lamps? B The big ones are £26.Language Summary 8 o DVD-ROM 8 See [EE Work =8A El po4 Match the words to pictures a-i 1 [Jacistomer 4 2 Clarepét 5 3 [Gjnoes 6 Cater 7 Tlaméssage 8 acéntract 9 L acémpany ‘améating ( acénterence TIPS + We can take notes and take a message. * We can sign a letter and sign a contract. * We work for a company and work in an office. * We write to 2 customer and write to a company. [E23 Types of transport 8B EB pss aferry TIPS « We can say a fax ora cab + 2 motorbike (UK) = a métorcycle (US) [EF Travelling verbs and phrases 8B [| ps0 {go by bus/coach = take the bus/coach Ke the ferryrboat ly go by train/tube/tram = take the train/tube/tram go by plane {go on foot = walk TIPS + We say go by bike, train, etc., but go on foot not ge-by feet * the tube (UK) = the sibway (US) * public transport = trains, buses, trams, etc.: | usually travel by public transport. [EZ Indoor and outdoor activities 8D Kl p70 Match the verbs/phrases to pictures a-I. + Lewin 7 [J cook 2 Ooi 8 [] rve 3 Clout 9 [J speak another inguage 4 C windsurt 10 | ride a hérse s Deal 11] ride a métorbike 6 CJ sing 5 play a musical instrument TIP + We use can/can't to talk about abilty: can speak Japanese. | can't ride a horse. Adjectives and adverbs 8D Ef p70 © We use adjectives to describe nouns. They usually come before the noun. He's an excellant driver. © We use adverbs lke wl, carefully, etc. to describe verbs, ‘They usually come after the verb, He speaks Spanish fluently. spelling rule adjective | adverb ‘most adverbs: careful | carefully” addy tothe adjective | fuent | fuently bad___| badly adjectives ending in-y: |easy | easily y—-iandadd-ly | happy _| happily irregular adverbs good | well fast fast hard | hardPresent Continuous: positive and negative 8A [J p64 ‘© Weuse the Present Continuous to talk about things happening now: 1'm waiting for a tax. They're sitting in your office. ‘© We make the Present Continuous with: subject + be + verb+ing LPOSITIVE() | NEGATIVE hs youlwe/they're | verb+ing | you/we/they aren't | verb+ing he/she/it's he/she/it isnt examples play playing study — studying lier ___|look looking __g0 ~ going ‘verbs ending in -@: take off -e and add -ing make — making write — writing ee ee ving f ‘verbs ending in consonant + vowel + consonant: | sit — sitting run — running double the last consonant and add -ing stop + stopping TIP + We can also make negatives with ‘re or 's + not: Danny's not doing anything. They're not looking very happy. etc. {G2} Present Continuous: questions and short answers 8A El pos ‘QUESTIONS (7) question word ~|the taxi | moving? | aca) [they | having _| the meeting now? What lis Danny | doing? YESINO QUESTIONS (2) | sHonT answers ‘Am I working here today? Yes, you are No, you aren't. Are you watching TV at the moment? | Yes, lam. No, 'm not Ishe/she/Janet answering his/her phone? | Yes, he/she is. | No, he/she isn't. Are we going now? Yes, you/we are. | No, you/we aren't. re they having the meeting now? Yes, they are. No, they aren't TIP * We can also make negative short answers with re or s+ not: No, you're not. No, she's not, etc. Present Simple or Present Continuous 8B [J p67 © We use the Present Simple to talk about things that happen every day/week/month, etc. © Weuse the Present Continuous to talk about things that are happening now. © We usually use these words/phrases with the Present Simple: > ———— EBB Talking on the phone 8C fj pso asking to speak to people Held, can | spéak to (Emily), pléase? Hol, is that (Chris Morris)? saying who youare ‘This is (Emily Wise) from (30UK). Spéaking. Ws (Clare). calling people back Can | call you back (in an hour)? Mic you later. (= | wil) ‘Can you call me back? other useful phrases 1 got your massage. ‘Cll me on my mébile. Héld dn a mément. TIP * When we answer the phone we say It's (Clare). not Fm{Giare). usually sometimes always often normally never hardly ever every day/week/month © We usually use these words/phrases with the Present Continuous: now today at the moment He's watching TV now. I'm driving to work today. What are you doing at the moment? normally go to work by train. | usually take the tube. It snows a jot in Canada every winter.Language Summary 9 Holiday activities 9A Ell p72 have a picnic have a gdod/grdat/tantastic time stay in a hotél stay with friends or family rent a car n , 5 5 rome ches: have a picnic stay in a hotél rent a cr go sightseeing rent a bat go sightseeing /sartsis ge diving 0 skiing /skian/ ‘90 camping go to muséums go to the béach {90 on hdlidey go on a beat trp. go on a guided tur 2 ‘travel by public transport travel around TIPS We con rent orhire a car, bite, ete. goonhdiday - goonabdat ip ~—goonaguided _ travel ardund + 90 0n holiday (UK) = go on vacition (US) aS (E23 Natural places 9B Ell p74 Match these words to pictures a-j 1 [Bi] the cduntryside 6 [_] ariver go diving go skiing 2 LJaméuntan 7 (CJ anisiana //maontin/ /atland/ 3 Clana 8 CJalake 4 LJatirest 2 (the sea 5 Clawood 10 [_] the sort TIPS + A mountanis higher than ahi. A forest is ager thana wood + Countryside is uncountable: There’s some beautiful countryside near the village. + We usualy say in the countrysie/a forest/ 2 wood/the desert but on a mountain hill an tena, EE Animals 9C Ell pve Match these words to animals a-I. 1 Dalion 7 Cawor 2 Flacticmn 8 [Jardboit aula 2 Clamowe ASB s cote hom Fa eres s Llaminkey 1 (J) abid sexy 6 Llashep 12 [J agora TIP + The plural of sheep is sheep. The plural of woltis wolves. The plural of mouse is mice.Verb patterns (like doing, would like to do, etc.) 9D Ei p79 ‘© After some verbs we often use a second verb. The second verb is often in the vverb ing form (going, doing, etc.) or the infinitive with to (to go, to do, etc) Teenagers like going out on their own. I'd like to go back to the country one dey. + verbting _| + infinitive with to tke (doing) | would tke to do) _ enjoy (doin) _tove (doing) _| want (to do) stop (doing) | need (todo) hate (doing) | would/'d love (to do) TIPS + These verbs can also be followed by nouns or pronouns: You don't need a car. (noun) He hates it. (pronoun) ‘+ We can also use the infinitive wit to after lke, love and hate. In British English, vverb+ing is more common: | ike watching TV. In American English, the infinitive with to is more common: | ike to watch TV. GRAMMAR [ELIE Infinitive of purpose 9A Ell p73 © To say why we do something, we often use the infinitive with to: We drove to a wildlife park to see some elephants. We went to Robben Island to visit the prison. TIPS + We often answer Why... ? questions with the infinitive with fo: A Why did you go there? B To see some elephants. + Sometimes we can also use for + noun: We went to Table Mountain for a picnic. + We don't use forte-see to say why we do something: We-drove-to-2-wildite park for-to-see-sorne-clephants 23 Comparatives 9B EM p74 © We use comparatives to compare two places, people or things: Cairo is hotter than Sharm EI Sheikh. Cairo is probably noisier. © When we compare two things in the same sentence, we use than after the comparative: The Sels Hotel is smaller than the Shokran Hotel type of adjective spelling rule comparative ‘most 1-syllable adjectives | add-er smaller older T-aylabie adjectives ‘add-r safer : Pe epee i 1-syllable adjectives: double the last | hotter ending in consonant + ‘consonant and | bigger vowel + consonant _| add -er | butt new + newer 2esjlable adjectives | -y—+-iand noisier ending in add happier syllable adjectives put more before ‘aot ending in -y the adjective ‘adjectives with 3 syllables | put more before | more expensive or more. __| the adjective more interesting gular adjectives | go ter ad worse TIPS + The opposite of more is less: The holiday in Sharm EI Sheikh is more expensive. The holiday in Cairo is less expensive. * We can also use more with nouns: There are more rooms in the Shokran Hotel REAL WORLD ESB Deciding what to do 9C Ei p77 asking people what they want to do ‘What would you like to d6? Whére do you want to 98? Would you like (to 96 to Landon)? Do you want (to 96 to Régent's Park)? saying what you want to do V'd like (to gé to the béach). I want (to g6 to Léngleat). ‘Yés, that's a good idéa. Not réally. I'd rather (stay at home). would like; I’ rather + Would like is more polte than want. + We use I'd rather to say I want to do this more than something else. + After would rather we use the infritive (90, 00, etc): rather rent a bike * After would like and want we use the infinitive with 0 (0 90, to do, etc): ike to go swimming, | want to rent a carLanguage Summary 10 & DVD-ROM 10 Pee [EEE Verb phrases 10A ll ps0 got fit take tho it Get stssed take the éscalator spend ime have a bath spend money have a shower cary the shipping do the husework carry he bags do some éxerise wash the windows get on/off a bis wash te car get on/ott atin do the housework get ona bis TIPS + carry the shopping (UK) = carry the gréceries (US) * take the lft (UK) = take the élevator (US) get off a train IEE} Frequency expressions 10A [i p81 conce /wans/ | a day minute twice | a week day three times _a month week four times a year every | month ten times | an hour year etc. etc. etc. TIP + We use How often ... ? to ask about frequency: ‘A How often do you go to the gym? B Twice a week Appearance 10B El ps2 age height body appearance | race He's/She's ...| He's/She's ...| He's/She's ...| He's/She's ...| He's/She's young tall thin béautitul | white middle-aged short slim .good-IGoking] black od fat attractive Asian overweight fergan/ eyes hair /hea/ He's/She's got ... | He's/She's got He's got ... biue eyes. long/short hair abeard /brad/ brown eyes ark/fair/blonde/arey hair a moustache /musta:{/ ‘green eyes He's bald /bo:ld/ @#s6%2e@ overweight sim blonde hair a beard a moustache TIPS + Midolle-aged = the time in your life between young and old. + Sim is more attractive than thin. Overweight is more pol than fat + Beautitu, attractive and good-looking al mean the same. Beautiful is usually for women. Good-looking is usually for men. Attractive can be for both men and women. + Asian = trom a country in Asia (India, Thailand, Japan, etc) * We say long hair not tangas and long dark hair not darclonghae Character 10B A hard-working person works very hard. A lazy person doesn't tke working ‘kind person likes doing things to help other people. A finny person makes people laugh a lot. ‘Sélfish people usually think about themselves, not other people, ‘An outgoing person is friendly and likes meeting new people. When reliable people promise to do something, they always do it. It's dificult fora shy person to tak to new people. AA génerous person likes giving people money and presents. Health problems 10C EJ ps4 Te got... | a stémach ache /stamak erk/ a héadache /hedeik/ tGothache /tu:Beik/ a sore throat /so:'®rout/_ a cold a cough /kof/ a témperature /‘tempratfo/ phi: tee il tBrible sick batter my...hurts back arm foot leg TIPS * We can say I've got a stomach ache/toothache or I've got ‘stomach ache/toothache, but not Hveget-headashe, = We can also say: I'm il’sick/better but not Frere +m sick can also mean the same as I’m il. In American English, sick is more common: / can't come to work today. I'm sick. in British English | fee! sick, usually means { want to be sickEE} Treatment 10C Ell pes 9010 bd gohéme 90 10 the dctor 99 10 the dentist stay at hme stay in bed ‘take the day off take some painkillers take some céugh medicine take some antibistics Seasons 10D El pss dutumn winter /sxtom/ TIPS + We use in with seasons: in (the) winter. ‘= autumn (UK) = fall (US) [EF Weather 10D El ps7 [Whie’s the weather like today? | [It’s hét and sinny i be] E> simmer spring FOG a oer rae & B@) Y snéwing raining cloudy 12° (degrées) cold warm hot Word building 10D [Ej ps7 “noun | adjective adjective | noun sun_| stinny it Tiness wind | windy happy _| happiness cloud | cibudy sad sidness fog | foggy fit fitness Noun: There isn't much sun today. His illness lasted a year. love sunny days. He was ill on holiday. TIP « For snow and rain we usually use the verb, not the adjective: it's snowing/raining. not It's snowy/rainy. CEG imperatives 10A EJ pst © We often use imperatives to give strong advice. © The postive imperative is the same as the infinitive (go, do, etc) Walk up and down stairs. Get off the bus one stop earlier ‘The negative imperative is Don't + infinitive (Don't go, Don't do, etc.) Don't take its. Don't drive to the supermarket once a week. TIP + We also use imperatives to give orders and instructions: Ge home! Don't write anything. [EF should/shouldn’t 10A El pst © We use should and shouldn't to give advice. ‘© We use should to say something is a good thing to do You should cio some exercise throe times a week © We use shouldn't to say something is a bad thing to do: You shouldn't eat so many pizzas and biscuits. ‘© After should and shouldn't we use the infinitive: You should eat ‘more rut. not ¥ou-shoule-te-eat moron. TIPS + To ask for advice, we can say: What should I do? * In spoken English, should/shouldn't is more common than the imperative for advice. Questions with like 10B El ps3 © We use What's ('s = is) he/she like? to ask for a general description. \We often ask this when we don't know the person, The answer can include character and physical appearance She's friendly and outgoing. And she's very beautiful. © We use What does he/she look like? to ask about physical appearance only: She's tall and sim, and she's got long dark har We use What does he/she like doing? to ask what people enjoy dling in their ree tie: She likes clubbing and going to restaurants: TIPS + How is he/she? asks about health, not personality ‘A How's your mum? B She's fine, thanks. '* We don't use like in answers to questions with What's he like? and What does she 100k ike? ‘A What's he like? B He's kind. not Heike kine. ‘A What does sho look lke? B She's vary tal. not She'sike-very-tal Pea Talking about health 10C [El ps5 asking about | expressing _| giving advice someone's health sympathy ‘Are you OR? Oh, dar. Whi dBn't you (96 héme)? ‘Are you alight? Ihépe you gt_| You shéuldn't (@6 to werk tod) What's wrdng? batter sdon. | You shduld (96 to the décor) What's the matter? | Gét wll son. | Take the day étt. TIP « After Why don't you Why don't you go home? ? we use the infinitive:Language Summary 11 Pee [EIEI New Year’s resolutions 110 By ps8 get a new job do a cémputer course get fit do more éxercise work hard stop working at weekénds: work less stop smoking lose three Klos move to another céuntry lose weight /wert/ move house have ahéliay not eat sweet things have tin not eat chécoiate cake TIPS + We can do a course or take a course, but not makeacourse. ‘= We can also do/take a course in something: 'm going to do a course in engineering. * Exercise is also a verb: | exercise every day. Studying 11B 0 > school/edloge/univécity TIPS » We get a degree when we finish university. We _get some qualifications when we pass any official exams, for example when you leave school, do a course, etc. * We can say revise for an exam or study for an exam, HE} Collocations 11D El pes © Collocations are words/phrases that are often Used together. They can be verb + noun (book a flight, take photos, etc.) verb + preposition (stay in a hotel, go for a run, etc.) verb + adjective (get married, become famous, etc.) verb + adverb (work hard, speak fluently, etc.) Sow. —” me stop sméking not eat sweet things book stay rent aight ant? with jou) | a motorbike | to your lace sane inheUSA) [acer |atan! aan teat inahott [a tet | mented a seat on a train at home. ahouse I home a a table in a restaurant | | [aivorced TIP « A fight is a journey by plane: My fight to Los Angeles leaves at 10.30.EEBI: be going to (1): positive and negative 11A Ej pss T'm going to do a computer course. not going to eat sweet things any mor: © These sentences talk about the future. ‘© The people decided to do these things before they said them. © We use be going to + infinitive for future plans. subject be (+not) | going to _ infinitive We going to_| get Val going to_| stop David going to_| lose ' 'm(=am)_| goingto_| do 1 ['mnot | going to | eat ‘sweet things any more. TIP * With the vert) go, we usually say /’m going to Spain. not Im going to go to Spain. But both forms are correct. [BEB be going to (1): Wh- questions 11A Ell ps9 question word | be | subject | going to tnt | What are |you | goingto | do next year? Where 's_|she | goingto | tive? | Where ‘'s_|he goingto | study? | When are | they | goingto | start | getting nt? [EES be going to or might 11B Ej ps1 © We use be going to to say a future plan is decided: I'm going to meet some friends in town at seven. © We use might to say something in the future is possible, but not decided: || might go to the party or I might go out for a meal with Sam. (© After might we use the infinitive: | might stay at home and watch a film. TIPS + Might is the same for all subjects (|, you, he, she, it, we, they). '* To make questions with might, we usually use Do you think ... ?: Do you think he might come to the party? EEE be going to (2): yes/no questions and short answers 11B I pot YES/NO QUESTIONS (2) | sHonT aNswens “Am | going to be late? | Yes, you are. No, you aren't. ‘Are you going to look for ajob? —_| Yes, | am. No, I'm not. Ishhe/she going to sell his/her car? | Yes, he/she is. | No, he/she ‘Are we going to stop working? —_| Yes, we/you are. | No, we/you aren't. ‘Are you going to move house? _| Yes, we are. No, we aren't ‘Are his parents going to help him? | Yes, they are. No, they aren't TIP + We can also answer yes/no questions with (Yes,) | might: ‘AAre you going to buy it? BI might REAL WORLD EEE Directions 11¢ El poz Match the phrases to pictures a-i. 1 [turn right turn it a0 over the bridge ( go past the pib [6] go along this riaavstrcet its on theryour it its on the/your ght its oppésite 2 3 4 8 6 7 8 © Clits néxtto Asking for and giving directions 11C Ell p93 [ASKING FOR DIRECTIONS Excise me. ls there (a néwesagent's) néar hére? Exclise me. Whére's (the past dice)? Excise me. Héw do Ihe git to (the market)? GIVING DIRECTIONS There's Gne in (Bérry Stréet) Go aléng this rdad/stréet and tlen right/6h Go past the piib. Go Gver the bridge. (The néwsagent's) is on the/your right/&t. t's Spposite (the stipermarket) It's néxt to (the café). It's Gver thére. You can't miss it IF YOU CAN'T GIVE DIRECTIONS ‘Sérry, | d6n't kndw. Sérry, dén't ive ardund hére.Language Summary 12 ee Big and small numbers 12A fill p96. © For numbers with a decimal point () we say point: 0.2 = nought point two or zero point two 2.48 = two point four five TIPS * 0 = nought /na:t/ or zero (or oh when we say phone numbers). + In English we write 75 not 7. We use a decimal point (.) not comma (,) ‘© We can use one or a with hundred, thousand and milion 100 = @ hundred or one hundred 1,000 =a thousand or one thousand 4,000,000 = a milion or one mition ‘© Forlong numbers we use and after hundred (but not after thousand or milion): 127 =a hundred and twenty-seven £850,000 = eight hundred and fifty thousand But 2,300 = two thousand, three hundred not twe-theusand and three hundred We don't add a plural -s to hundred, thousand and milion: 32,470 = thirty-two thousand, four hundred and seventy 50,000,000 = fifty milion not #fty- rion But we can say: hundreds/thousands /milions of . There were hundreds of people at the concert. We saw thousands of birds. atan airport 12C EJ pioo Match the words/phrases to: pictures a-m. 1 [| apassport 2 [_] abdarding pass 3 _] hand luggage /lagids/ 4 [d] aticket 5 [_] pack your bags 6 |_| passengers 7 [| a fight number 8 _] agate 9 [_] achéckin desk 10 [_] abig drop 11 Lo] awlndiow seat 12] amiddie seat 13 [_] anaisle /atl/ seat TIPS * We can say a boarding pass or a boarding card. * When a fight is on time, it leaves, or arrives at the correct time. When a fight is delayed, it leaves or arrives later than the correct time. Superlatives 12A © We use comparatives (bigger, more expensive, etc.) to compare two things (see [EZUIEUEE> . © We use superlatives to compare three or more things. spelling rule _ | superlative most 1-sylable adjectives | add -est longest shortest ‘syllable adjectives add-st safest ending in -e nicest ‘syllable adjectives double the last | biggest ‘ending in consonant + | consonant and_| hottest vowel + consonant add est but! new + newest 2syllable adjectives y—>-iand heaviest ‘ending in-y_ add -est happiest 2-sylable adjectives put most before | most boring ‘not ending in-y the adjective _| most crowded adjectives with 3 syllables put most before | most expensive or more the adjective | most beautiful irregular adjectives good best bad worst TIPS * We say: The best place in the world. not OF Hcy FOr meat * Before superlatives in sentences we use: the ‘Sanjay Kumar Sinha taught the longest lesson in the world. The shortest fim in the world is ‘Colin’ possessive 's Itwas probably the world's hottest soup. He's my sister's oldest relative. possessive adjectives ‘Matt's my best friend, It was his most important book. + the + superlative is the most common form,Present Perfect: positive and negative 12B EJ pss © We use the Present Perfect to tak about experiences in life unti now. We don't say when they happened: I've been to about forty countries. © We use the Past Simple if we say when something happened: ‘Two weeks ago | went to Mexico. TIP + We can't use the Present Perfact if we say a time: | went to England in 2011, not Eve boon te-Englanctir- 20H. POSITIVE (+) Wyou/we/they + ‘ve (= have) + past participle he/she/it + 's (= has) + past participle 1've stayed in some of the world's best hotels. ‘We've had lots of other jobs. He's written travel articles about lots of amazing paces. NEGATIVE () Uyou/welthey + haven't (= have not) + past participle he/she/it + hasn't (= has not) + past participle Uhaven't been to Australia They haven't had a holiday together. He hasn't been to South America before. TIP * We can say haven't... or ve never I've never been to Australia. They've never had a holiday together. PAST PARTICIPLES © For regular verbs, add -ed or -d to the infinitive: work -* worked, live — lived, etc. The Past Simple and past participles of regular verbs are the same (see [ETEUIINEEP). © For irregular verbs, there are no rules. Look at the past participles in the regular Verb List, p167. TIP + go has two past participles, been and gone. When we use the Prosent Perfect to talk about our experiences we usually use been: [ve been to Italy. (| went to Italy in the past and I'm not in Italy now). Have you ever answers 128 El poo © We use the Present Perfect to ask about people's experiences. If the answer is yes, we use the Past Simple to ask for (or give) ‘more information: ‘A Have you ever been to Peru? B Yes, | have./No, | haven't ‘ADid you have a good time? _B Yes, / did./No, | didn't. YES/NO QUESTIONS (?) ‘SHORT ANSWERS: Have | ever worked in a restaurant? | Yes, you have. | No, you haven't ? questions and short Have you ever been to Canada? __| Yes, I/we have. | No, le haven't. Has he ever lived in the USA? Yes,hehas. | No, he hasn't. Has she ever written a book? Yes, she has. | No, she hasn't. Have we ever been there before? | Yes, we have | No, we haven't Have they ever worked in an office? | Yes, they have. | No, they haven't. TIP + ever + Present Perfect = any time in your life until now. We often use ever in questions. a) HBF At the airport 12C El pi00 THINGS YOU HEAR AT THE CHECK-IN DESK OR BAG DROP Can Ihave your passport, please? How many bags are you checking in? Did you pack your bags yourself? ‘And have you got any hand luggage? Here's your boarding pass. You're in seat (16F) No, (t's) an aise seat. Gate (twelve). Boarding is at (fiteen thy) Enjoy your fight ‘THINGS YOU CAN SAY AT THE CHECK-IN DESK ORBAG DROP Is that a window séat? Wich gato is it? Isthe fight on ime? Saying goodbye 12C Ej pio1 Bverything? your passport’? your bdaraing pi roe hdicay god time. 90d tp. Have you got ‘Yés, | have, thanks. 2 ‘Thanks, | wil Have a a tix, rus | an émall Yes, of odurse. apésicars | inaménth ‘Sée you ‘soon. ‘Yes, see you. ‘on the néxt course. TIP * When we aren't going to see someone between Friday and Monday, we often say: Have a nice/good weekend. We often reply: You too.