11th century [edit]

Year Date Event

1000 Invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni Begins(1000–1025) CE

1003–1010 The Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur is built by Raja Raja Chola I.

Rajaraja Chola adds the Lakshadweep and Maldives islands to the Chola empire.[27]

Rajendra Chola I became the king of Chola empire after his father Rajaraja Chola. During his
reign, he extended the influences of the already vast Chola empire up to the banks of the river
Ganges in the north and across the ocean. Rajendra's territories extended coastal Burma,
the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Maldives, conquered the kings
1014 of Srivijaya (Sumatra, Java and Malay Peninsula in South East Asia) and Pegu islands with his
fleet of ships. He defeated Mahipala, the Pala king of Bengal and Bihar, and to commemorate
his victory he built a new capital called Gangaikonda Cholapuram. The Cholas became one of
the most powerful dynasties in Asia during his reign. The Tamil Chola armies exacted tribute
from Thailand and the Khmer kingdom of Cambodia. Rajendra Chola I was the first Indian king
to take his armies overseas and make conquests of these territories, even though there is
epigraphical evidence of Pallava presence in these very areas.

Mahmud Ghazni defeats the Hindu Shahi king Trilochanapala and annexes Punjab.
1014
He then attempts to invade Kashmir, but is defeated by Samgrāmarāja
1017 26 April Ramanuja is born at Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu.
1021 Mahmud of Ghazni again attempts to invade Kashmir, but is defeated by Samgrāmarāja
1025 30 April Last invasion of Mahmud Ghazni, sacked and destroyed temple of Somnath
1027 The Sun Temple of Modhera is completed by Bhima I of the Chaulukya dynasty
1030 30 April Alberuni arrives in India; death of Mahmud of Ghazni
Suhaldev, king of Shravasti defeats and kills Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud, nephew of Mahmud
1033 15 June
of Ghazni.
1035 The Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram is built by Rajendra Chola I.
1058 Soomra dynasty ends the Arab domination and establishes its own rule over Sindh.
12th century[edit]

Year Date Event

1120 Kalyani Chalukyas power at its peak. Vikramaditya VI ushers in Vikrama Chalukya era.

1121 Ajayaraja II, of the Chahamanas of Shakambhari dynasty repulse Ghaznavid invasions.

1134 Life of Basaveshwara, philosopher and social reformer. (to 1196)

 1149 30 September Birth of the Great poet and writer of India Chand Baradai in Lahore

Bhāskara II, mathematician and astronomer writes the Siddhānta Shiromani, consisting of three
1150 books Līlāvatī on arithmetic and measurement, Bijaganita on algebra and Gaṇitādhyāya and
Golādhyāya on astronomy.

1157 The Kalachuris of Kalyani under Bijjala II capture Kalyani

1175 Muhammad of Ghor invades India.[28]

Forces of the Chaulukya king Mularaja II led by his regent mother Naikidevi
1178 defeat Ghurid invaders led by Muhammad of Ghor who escapes back to Ghazni, in the Battle of
Kasahrada.

First Battle of Tarain between Mohammed Ghori and Prithviraj III. Ghori is defeated by Prithivi
1191
Raj Chauhan III.

Second Battle of Tarain fought between Muhammed Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan III. Prithviraj
1192
Chauhan III is defeated by Mohammed Ghori.

1193 Muslim general Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji destroys the ancient university of Vikramashila

Battle of Chandawar fought between Muhammad of Ghor and Jaichand of Kannauj. Ghori
1194
defeated Jayachandra and killed him.
13th century[edit]

Year Date Event

Khokhars killed Muhammad Ghori during a raid on his camp on the Jhelum River. Marks
1206 15 March
the end of 14 Years of Ghurid rule over northern India (1192–1206).

Qutb ud-Din Aibak establishes slave Dynasty (Mamluk) later to be known as Delhi
1206 12 June
Sultanate. Marks Beginning Of Delhi Sultanate of 320 Years over India(1206–1526).

Raja Prithu defeats Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji, destroying his army of 12,000 with only
1206
about 100 survivors.[29][30]

1210 Qutb-ud-din Aibak died while playing polo.

Shams ud-Din Iltutmish;was the third ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, belonging to
1210 the Mamluk dynasty (Slave Dynasty). He introduced IQTA (Tax, revenue) system. Died in
1236

Anangabhima Deva III of the Eastern Ganga dynasty in present-day Odisha defeats
1211–1215
invasions by Ghiyāth ad-Dīn ʿIwaz Khalji the ruler of Bengal.[31]
 Genghis Khan invades Punjab in pursuit of the fleeing Khwarezm Shah Jalal ad-Din
1221
Mingburnu and defeats him in the Battle of the Indus.

Raja Prithu repulses invading forces of Ghiyas ud din Balban the ninth sultan of
1226
the Mamluk dynasty of Delhi, in present-day Assam[29][30]

Sandhya (ruler of Kamarupa) in present-day Assam drives Muslims out of his territory and
captures territory till Karatoya river. Thereafter, to avenge previous defeats, he invades the
1229
western border of Gaur (Lakhnauti) and annexes regions across the Karatoya into his
kingdom.

Narasingha Deva I ruler of the Eastern Ganga dynasty in present-day Odisha launches
attacks against the Turko-Afghan rulers of Mamluk dynasty in Bengal that had captured
1236
Bihar and Bengal and not only repulses their attacks, but pushes them as far back as
Padma River in current-day Bangladesh.[31]

1236 10 November Rule of Razia Sultana – Daughter of Iltutmish.

1238 October Sri Madhwacharya born in Pajaka near Udupi, Karnataka

1240 14 October Murder of Razia Sultan by Turkish nobles.(Chalisa)

Narasingha Deva I ruler of the Eastern Ganga dynasty defeats Tughral Tughan Khan of
1243 the Mamluk Sultanate of Delhi in the Battle of Katasin and annexes several districts of
Bengal into his empire.

Rule of Nasiruddin Mahmud with support of Balban (Wazir and powerful member of
1246–66
Chalisa). Chalisa- a council of 40 members

1250 The Konark Sun Temple is completed, built by Narasingha Deva I.

The Kamrup kingdom, led by its ruler Sandhya defeats and executes Malik Ikhtiyaruddin
1257 Yuzbak, the Mamluk Governor of Bengal. His domains are split between the Kamrup
kingdom and Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga Empire.

1266–1286 Rule of Balban; Chalisa wiped out.

1267 The Mahanubhava philosophy established by Chakradhar Swami.

1275 Birth of saint Dnyaneshwar.

1290 Murder of Muiz ud din Qaiqabad by Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji, an army commander.

1290–96 Jalal-ud-din Khilji. Founder of Khiliji Dynasty

14th century[edit]
 Yea
Date Event
r

Alauddin Khalji sends Malik Kafur to South. Malik Kafur Lays siege on the Kakatiya Capital Warangal
1309
and Extracts Tribute. The diamond Kohinoor was among the loot collected.

1310 Ala-ud-din Khilji's army under Malik Kafur occupies Devagiri ending the Seuna Yadava Kingdom

Malik Kafur attacks the Hoyasalas. In the aftermath of the destruction Hoyasalas abandon the old capital
1311 Halebidu. He later attacks Madurai. The attacks on Warangal, Halebidu and Madurai is accompanied by
wide scale killing, destruction of temples and repatriation of wealth back to Delhi.

1323 Ulugh Khan (Muhammad bin Tughluq) defeats Prataparudra II ending the Kakatiya dynasty

Prithvi Chand II of the Hindu Katoch kingdom of Kangra defeats the army of Muhammad bin Tughluq
1333
who loses nearly all his 10,000 soldiers and is forced to retreat.[32]

Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka with assistance from the Hoysala ruler Veera Ballala III leads a rebellion
1334
against the Tughluq rule of Delhi Sultanate, driving it out of Warangal region in present-day Telangana.

Vijayanagara Empire established by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I.

1336
Rana of Mewar Hammir Singh defeats and captures Tughlaq dynasty ruler Muhammad bin Tughluq in
the Battle of Singoli.

Birth of great mathematician Madhava of Sangamagrama who goes on to found the Kerala school of
astronomy and mathematics and write the Venvaroha, which describes the methods for the computation
1340
of the true positions of the Moon at intervals of about half an hour for various days in an anomalistic
cycle.

1343 Veera Ballala III captured and killed in the Battle of Kannanur.

1347 Governor Hasan Gangu revolts against Muhammad bin Tughluq founding the Bahmani Sultanate

1351 Samma Dynasty assumes rule over Sindh

1370 Bukka, the Vijayanagara ruler and his son Kumara Kamapna capture the entire Tamil speaking parts.

1398 Timur plunders Lahore

15th century[edit]

Yea
Date Event
r

1401 Dilawar Khan establishes the Malwa Sultanate in present-day northern India
 Zafar Khan: governor of Gujarat, declares himself as Sultan Muzaffar Shah founding the Gujarat
1407
Sultanate/Muzaffarid dynasty

Khizr Khan, deputized by Timur to be the governor of Multan takes over Delhi founding the Sayyid
1414
dynasty

Deva Raya II succeeded his father Veera Vijaya Bukka Raya as monarch of the Vijayanagara
1424
Empire

Rana Kumbha of Mewar and Rao Ranmal Rathore of Marwar defeat and take prisoner Mahmud
1437
Khalji, Sultan of the Malwa Sultanate in the Battle of Sarangpur

1442 Rana Kumbha of Mewar defeats Mahmud Khalji in the Battle of Mandalgarh

1443 Abdur Razzaq visits India

Rana Kumbha of Mewar defeats Mahmud Khalji in the Battle of Banas

1446
Mallikarjuna Raya succeeds his father Deva Raya II

1449 26 September Sankardev, founder of Ekasarana Dharma was born in Nagaon, Assam.

Shri Guru Ravidas Ji was born in 1450 in Varanasi. He was an Indian mystic poet-sant of the Bhakti
movement during the 15th to 16th century CE. Venerated as a guru in the region of Punjab, Uttar
1450
Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, the devotional songs of Ravidas have had a
lasting impact upon the bhakti movement.

1451 19 April Bahlul Khan Lodhi ascends the throne of the Delhi sultanate starting the Lodhi dynasty

Rana Kumbha of Mewar defeats the combined armies of Shams Khan (sultan of Nagaur)
1456 and Qutbuddin Ahmad Shah II (Sultan of Gujarat) in the Battle of Nagaur and captures Nagaur,
Kasili, Khandela and Shakambhari. Nagaur Sultanate ceases to exist.

1469 15 April Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism is born

1483 14 February Birth of Babur in Andijan, Fergana Valley in Central Asia

1485 Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya drives out Praudha Raya ending the Sangama Dynasty

Advent of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism and leader of the world's first
1486
civil disobedience movement, in Navadwip, West Bengal

Ahmadnagar declares independence, followed by Bijapur and Berar in the same year thus breaking
1490
up the Bahmani Sultanate.

1492 30 March Satal Rathore of Marwar kills Afghan warlord Gudhla Khan in the Battle of Peepar, to rescue 140
 girls abducted by the Afghans. He later succumbs to injuries sustained in the battle.

1498 20 May Vasco de Gama was the first portage's sailor first voyage from Europe to India and back (in 1499)
Colonial India[edit]
Main article: Colonial India
16th century[edit]

Yea
Date Event
r

Kingdom of Cochin is taken over by the Portuguese creating the first European settlement in
1503
India.

The Christian-Islamic power struggle in Europe and the Middle East. Spills over into the
1508 3 February
Indian Ocean as Battle of Chaul during the Portuguese-Mamluk War

Battle of Diu marks the beginning of the dominance of the Europeans in the Asian naval
1509 3 February
theater.

1510 20 May Portuguese India (to 1961)

Kingdom of Mewar under Rana Sanga defeats Lodi Empire under Ibrahim Lodhi in
1518
the Battle of Khatoli, gains control over north eastern Rajasthan.

Kingdom of Mewar under Rana Sanga defeats the Malwa Sultanate and the Gujarat
1519
Sultanate in the Battle of Gagron, obtains control of Malwa.

The Kingdom of Mewar under Rana Sanga again defeats Lodi Empire under Ibrahim Lodi in
1519
the Battle of Dholpur, extends control up to Agra.

1520 Vijayanagara Empire under Krishnadevaraya defeats the Sultanate of Bijapur in the Battle of
Raichur.

Rana Sanga leads a coalition of Rajput armies to invade the Gujarat Sultanate, reinstates
Raimal as the Rao of Idar. The Sultan of Gujarat is forced to flee to Muhammadabad.

Death of mystic poet-sant of the Bhakti movement Shri Guru Ravidas.

1522 Portuguese land on the Coromandel Coast

Portuguese explorers established Santhome Church above the Tomb of Saint Thomas the
1523
Apostle in Chennai.

1526 21 April Sultan Ibrahim Lodi, of the Delhi Sultanate, angers local nobles, who respond by
inviting Babur, the Mughal ruler of Kabul, to invade Delhi and Agra. The local population,
plus the possession of artillery, assists Babur in killing the Sultan (whose soldiers desert him)
 at the Battle of Panipat. Marks the Beginning of Mughal Empire for 231 Years Rule Over
India (1526–1757) CE.

Babur bribes Mewar general Silhadi promising Silhadi a kingdom, if Silhadi betrays Mewar
1527 17 March
King Rana Sanga in Battle of Khanwa, thus leading to the annexation of Mewar.

1530 Astronomer-mathematician Jyeṣṭhadeva of the Kerala school of astronomy and

mathematics writes the Yuktibhāṣā, a major treatise on mathematics and astronomy
in Malayalam

Babur[8] completes his Baburnama, reflecting on society, politics, economics, history,

28 March,27
geography, nature, flora and fauna, which to this day is a standard textbook in 25 countries.
January
Babur dies, and is succeeded by his son Humayun.

Ahoms under king Suhungmung defeat Turbak Khan of the Bengal Sultanate in Battle of
1532
Hatbor.

1539 Battle of Chausa fought between Humayun and Sher Shah Suri in which Humayun defeated.

Guru Angad Dev becomes second guru of Sikhs.

1540 Battle of Kannauj fought between Humayun and Sher Shah Suri and Humayun was
18 September completely defeated. Humayun lost the Mughal empire to Afghans (Suri Dynasty), and
passed 12 years in exile.

9 May Birth of Maharana Pratap Singh of Mewar ( son of Maharana Udai Singh II )

1542 15 October Birth of Akbar at Umerkot.

1545 22 May Death of Sher Shah Suri and succeeded by Islam Shah Suri.

1552 26 March Guru Amar Das becomes third Guru of Sikhs.

1554 22 November Death of Islam Shah Suri.

1555 22 May Humayun regained the throne of Delhi from the hands of weak successors of Sher Shah.

1556 Humayun converts from Sunni Islam to Shia Islam, to gain the alliance of the Shah of Persia.
27 January
Humayun dies, and is succeeded by his son Akbar.

7 October Hindu king Hemu defeats Mughal forces in the Battle of Tughlaqabad

Hindu king Hemu establishes 'Hindu Raj' in North India and bestowed with title of
5 November "Vikramaditya"; Second Battle of Panipat fought between Hemu and Akbar's forces in which
Hemu is killed.
 1565 26 January Battle of Talikota results in the rout of Vijayanagara empire.

1568 Paradesi Synagogue, the first Jewish synagogue in India constructed by the Paradesi Jews.

Akbar annexes Gujarat, also shifts the Mughal capital to Fatehpur Sikri where a new
1572 township and citadel containing buildings of a unique all-India character—inspired by the
architecture of Bengal, Gujarat, Malwa, Kashmir as well as the Timurid world—is born.

1574 1 September Guru Ram Das becomes fourth Guru of Sikhs.

Akbar annexes Bengal.

1581 1 September Guru Arjan Dev becomes fifth Guru of Sikhs.

Maharana Pratap defeats Mughal Forces of Akbar in Battle of Dewair in present-

1582
day Rajasthan[33]

1586 6 October Akbar annexes Kashmir.

1589 Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) build in Amritsar by Guru Arjan

1600 31 December East India Company is formed in England. Gets exclusive trading rights with India.
17th century[edit]

Yea
Date Event
r

1602 Dutch came to India at Pulicut (back to 1825).

1605 27 October Akbar dies, and is succeeded by his son Jahangir.

1606 25 May Guru Hargobind is selected to becomes the sixth guru of Sikhs by Guru Arjan

Guru Arjan is tortured and killed under orders of Mughal Emperor Jahangir for refusing to
30 May
convert to Islam.

1612 30 November British India (to 1947)

24 August East India Company enters into a trade agreement with the Mughal Emperor Jahangir

Susenghphaa, ruler of the Ahom kingdom defeats Mughal forces in a land and naval battle
1616
at Bharali, Assam.[34]

1621 Sikhs army led by Guru Hargobind defeat Mughals in the Battle of Rohilla
 Jahangir announces "Chain of Justice" outside his palace that anyone can ring the bell and
1628 get a personal hearing with the emperor. Jahangir dies, and is succeeded by his son Shah
Jahan.

1630 19 February Birth of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.

1634 14 April Sikhs army led by Guru Hargobind defeat Mughals in the Battle of Amritsar (1634)

Sikhs army of 2000 led by Guru Hargobind defeat a Mughal army of 36000 in the Battle
1634 15 October
of Lahira and kill the Mughal generals Qumar Beg and Lala Beg.

Sikhs army of 1800 led by Guru Hargobind defeat a Mughal army of 52000 in the Battle
1635 25 April
of Kartarpur

1644 8 March Guru Har Rai becomes seventh guru of Sikhs

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj takes oath of Independence at Raireshwar.

Rani Karnavati of the Garhwal Kingdom repels and defeats invasion attempt by Mughal
1640
army of Shah Jahan.[35]

Shah Jahan completes Taj Mahal, Jama Masjid, and Red Fort. Imperial treasuries drained
1658 by architectural and military overexpenditures. Shah Jahan put under house arrest, and is
succeeded by his son Aurangzeb.

1659 Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's ill-equipped and small Maratha army defeat numerically
much larger Adilshahi troops at the Battle of Pratapgarh marking the first victory of
19 February
the Maratha Empire. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj personally
kills Adilshahi commander Afzal Khan (general).

Marathas under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj defeat the Adilshahi troops in the Battle of
27 December
Kolhapur

Maratha army of 600 defeats a much larger army of the Bijapur Sultanate of 10,000 in
1660 13 July
the Battle of Pavan Khind, near the city of Kolhapur.

1661 Marathas under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj defeat Mughal Empire forces in the Battle of
3 February
Umberkhind.

6 October Guru Har Krishan becomes eight guru of Sikhs.

Marathas under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj defeat Mughal Empire forces in the Battle of
1664 6–10 January
Surat.

1665 13 February Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj conducts a raid on the Portuguese colony in Basrur and gains
a large booty which enables him to strengthen the base of his new kingdom by building a
strong navy and forts.
 20 March Guru Tegh Bahadur becomes ninth Guru of Sikhs.

Treaty of Purandar (1665) (or पुरंदर चा तह) was signed on 11 June 1665, between Chhatrapati
1665 11 June
Shivaji Maharaj and the Rajput ruler Jai Singh I.

1669 28 November Jats defeats the Mughal Empire in the Battle of Tilpat takes control of Mathura

Marathas under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj capture the fort of Sinhagad (then known as
1670 4 February
Kondhana) from the Mughals in the Battle of Sinhagad.

Ahom kingdom defeats the Mughal Empire in the Battle of Saraighat, takes back control
of Guwahati

1671 Chhatrasal revolts against the Mughal Empire with an army of only 5 horsemen and 25
swordsmen. In ten years he conquers a large tract of land between Chitrakoot, Chhatarpur
and Panna in the east and Gwalior in the west, and from Kalpi in the north to Sagar,
Garhakota, Shahgarh and Damoh in the south.

Maratha forces under Prataprao Gujar defeat a Mughal army twice its size in the Battle of
1672 February
Salher

1674 6 June Shivaji is crowned Chhatrapati.

Marathas defeat the Bijapur Sultanate and capture the Fortress of Ponda after the Siege of
6 May
Ponda

1675 Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru of Sikhs is tortured and executed in Delhi by the
order of Aurangzeb for his support for the Kashmiri Hindus to practice their religion and
24 November for refusing to convert to Islam.
Guru Gobind Singh becomes tenth Guru of Sikhs.
3 April Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj dies of fever at Raigad.
1680 20 July Sambhaji becomes 2nd Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire
Kingdom of Venad defeats the Mughal Empire in the Battle of Manacaud
Aurangzeb invades the Deccan
1681 31 January – 2 Maratha ruler Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj attacks and sacks the Mughal city
February Burhanpur
Ahom kingdom defeats the Mughal Empire in the Battle of Itakhuli, takes back control
1682 August
of Kamrup region
Marathas under Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj repel a Mughal attempt to invade Konkan.
1684
Mughals are forced into a slow retreat and suffer great losses.
Marathas under Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj defeat the Mughal Army in the Battle of
1687 16 December
Wai. However, Maratha General Hambirrao Mohite is killed.
The Sikandara was plundered by Rajaram Jat. Even the skeleton of Akbar, was taken out
1688
and the bones were consumed to flames.
 After being ambushed and captured by the Mughals, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj is
1689 11 March tortured and killed for refusing to convert to Islam.
Rajaram I becomes the third Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire.
1690 Maratha Empire defeats the Mughal Empire in the Battle of Athani
Joint forces of Bhim Chand (Kahlur) of Bilaspur and Guru Gobind Singh defeat Mughal
1691
army in the Battle of Nadaun.
Maratha General Santaji Ghorpade defeats Mughal General Alimardan Khan and captures
him.
1692 December
Mughal army under Zulfikhar Ali Khan defeated by Santaji and Dhanaji Jadhav and
Zulfiquar Khan is forced to sue King Rajaram for peace
1693 21 November Maratha General Santaji Ghorpade defeats Mughal General Himmat Khan.
1695 20 November Maratha General Santaji Ghorpade defeats and kills Mughal General Kasim Khan.
Sikhs under Guru Gobind Singh defeat Mughal forces in the Battle of Guler (1696)
1696
20 November Danish India (to 1869)
Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th Guru of Sikhs creates Khalsa, the saint-soldier at Anandpur
1699 3 October
Sahib, Punjab.
18th century[edit]

Yea
Date Event
r

Sikhs army of 1000 under Guru Gobind Singh defeats Mughal army numbering 10,000 in
the Battle of Anandpur (1700)

1700
Rajaram I dies. The infant Shivaji II becomes the Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire, with
3 March his mother Tarabai as the regent. She continues the Maratha battles against the Mughal
Empire, leading the Maratha army herself.

Sikhs army under Guru Gobind Singh defeats Mughal army in the Battle of Nirmohgarh
1702
(1702)

13 February Birth of Suraj Mal son of Badan Singh

1707
Death of Aurangzeb the Mughal monarch. Marks the end of Mughal Territorial Expansion
3 March
over India.

Guru Gobind Singh is assassinated by Mughals and the Guru Granth Sahib becomes the
1708 7 October
eternal Guru of the Sikhs.

Sikh army under Banda Singh Bahadur defeats Mughal Empire in the Battle of Chappar
1710 12 May
Chiri and establishes Sikh rule from Lahore to Delhi.

Meitei king Pamheipa (Gharib Nawaz (Manipur)) introduces Hinduism as the state religion
1717
and changes the name of the kingdom to the Sanskrit Manipur.
1721 March – October Attingal Outbreak takes place

13–14 November Madras cyclone occurs

Bajirao I appointed by Shahu Maharaj as Peshwa (prime minister) who would later expand
1720
the Maratha empire to cover most of present-day India.

1724 Meitei king Gharib Nawaz of the Ningthouja dynasty invades Burma.

Bajirao I defeats the combined forces of the Mughal Empire and the Nizam of Hyderabad in
1728 28 February
the Battle of Palkhed

Maratha Empire under Bajirao defeats Mughal Empire, in response for an appeal for help
1729 March
from Chhatrasal, ruler of Bundelkhand in the Battle of Bundelkhand

Maratha Empire under Bajirao defeats Mughal Empire and Maratha rebel factions in
1731
the Battle of Dabhoi

1737 16 March Marathas under Bajirao I defeat the Mughal Empire in the Battle of Delhi (1737)

Marathas defeat a combined army of the Mughal Empire, Nizam of Hyderabad, Nawab of
24 December
Awadh and Nawabs of Bhopal in the Battle of Bhopal

1739 17 February – 16 Marathas under Bajirao I defeat the Portuguese in the Battle of Vasai, Portuguese army and
May administration pulled out of Baçaim (Vasai).

March Nader Shah invades India from Iran. Nader Shah captures and sacks Delhi.

Raghoji I Bhonsle of the Maratha Empire defeats and kills Dost Ali Khan the Mughal
1740 May
Nawab of Arcot in the Battle of Damalcherry.[36]

1741 Maratha army defeats the Nawab of Carnatic and captures Trichinopoly after the Siege of
26 March
Trichinopoly (1741)

Kingdom of Travancore under Marthanda Varma defeats the Dutch Empire in the Battle of
10 August
Colachel.

1753 10 May Jats under Suraj Mal defeat the Mughal Empire in the Capture of Delhi (1753)

Treaty of Mavelikkara signed between the Kingdom of Travancore and the Dutch East India
15 August Company, effectively ending the political and commercial dominance of the Dutch on the
Kerala coast and beginning of the end of Dutch influence in India.

1754 20 January – 18 May Bharatpur State defeat the Marathas in Battle of Kumher.

1756 Black Hole of Calcutta infamous incident where soldiers of East India Company were held
 hostage in tortuous conditions, later served as a precedent for the Battle of Plassey

1757 16 January Maratha Empire defeats Durrani Empire, in the Battle of Narela.

British East India Company defeats the Nawab of Bengal in the Battle of Plassey, marking
23 June the End of Islamic period of 565 Years over India (1192–1757) & beginning of British
conquests in India.

11 August Maratha Empire defeats Rohilla Afghans in the Battle of Delhi (1757), captures Delhi.

1757 12 February Jats under Suraj Mal defeat Durrani Empire, in the Battle of Bharatpur.

1758 Third Carnatic War

Maratha Empire led by Raghunathrao and Mahadaji Shinde defeats Durrani Empire in
28 April
the Battle of Attock (1758), captures Attock.

Maratha Empire led by Raghunathrao, Malhar Rao Holkar and Tukoji Rao Holkar defeats
8 May
Durrani Empire in the Battle of Peshawar (1758), captures Peshawar.

1759 French India (to 1954)

Maratha Empire supported by Sikh Sukerchakia Misl defeats Durrani Empire in the Battle
of Lahore (1759)

Marathas comprehensively defeat the Nizam in the Battle of Udgir.

1760 3 January
Maratha Empire reaches its zenith.
1760 Battle at Wandewash, British troops beat French
The Marathas are routed in the Third Battle of Panipat on 14 January 1761, by the Afghans
January led by Ahmad Shah Durrani, also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali. The battle is considered
one of the largest battles fought in the 18th century.
Capture of Agra Fort by the Kingdom of Bharatpur led by king Suraj Mal, defeating the
1761 12 June
armies of the Mughal Empire and Rohilla Afghans
The Sukerchakia Misl of Dal Khalsa (Sikh Empire) defeats the Durrani Empire in the Battle
August
of Sialkot (1761)
September The Sikh Confederacy defeats the Durrani Empire in the Battle of Gujranwala (1761)
Vadda Ghalughara, the massacre of 30,000 Sikhs, mostly non-combatants, by the army
5 February
of Ahmad Shah Durrani
1762
Sikh Misls under Jassa Singh Ahluwalia defeat the Durrani Empire in the Battle of
May
Harnaulgarh
Maratha Empire led by Madhavrao I defeats the Nizam of Hyderabad in the Battle of
10 August
1763 Rakshasbhuvan and gains territory.
25 December Suraj Mal dies
1764 26 February Sikh Misls under Jassa Singh Ahluwalia defeat the Durrani Empire in the Battle of Sirhind
 (1764) and capture Sirhind
22 October Battle of Buxar (British victory against allied Mughal, Bengal and Oudh forces)
Kingdom of Bharatpur led by king Jawahar Singh defeats the Mughal Empire in the Battle
1765 February
of Delhi (1764)
First Anglo-Mysore War begins, in which Hyder Ali of Mysore defeats the armies of the
1767
British East India Company.
Great Bengal famine of 1770, estimated to have caused the deaths of about 10 million
people.[37] Warren Hastings's 1772 report estimated that a third of the population in the
1770
affected region starved to death. The famine is attributed to failed monsoon and exploitative
policies of the East India Company.[38]
Marathas led by Mahadaji Shinde defeat Rohilla Afghans and re-capture Delhi and parts
of North India, thus reasserting their supremacy in north India. As revenge for the losses in
1771
the Battle of Panipat, the Maratha army devastated Rohilkhand by looting and plundering
and also took the members of royal family as captives.
1772 22 May Ram Mohan Roy Born (to 1833)
1773 Narayanrao Peshwa is murdered by his uncle Raghunathrao's wife in front of Raghunathrao.
Regulating Act of 1773
Warren Hastings appointed as first Governor-General of Bengal
Chief Justice of the Maratha Empire, Ram Shastri passes death sentence against the
1774
ruling Peshwa Raghunathrao for murdering his nephew.
1775 First Anglo-Maratha War
Alliance of Shekhawat chieftains and Kingdom of Jaipur defeat the Mughal
June
Empire supported by Baloch chieftains in the Battle of Mandan
Maratha sardar Mahadji Shinde routs the East India Company army at the Battle of
1779
Wadgaon. War ends with the restoration of status quo as per Treaty of Salbai.
1780 Second Anglo-Mysore War begins.
1781 Maratha Empire defeats forces of the British East India Company in the Battle of Bhorghat.
1784 Second Anglo-Mysore War ends with the Treaty of Mangalore.
Captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam, suffer extreme hardships, torture,
death, forcibly converted to Sunni Islam. Of the 60,000–80,000 Christians taken captive,
only 15,000–20,000 survive.
District collectors in Bengal were made responsible for settling the revenue and collecting
1786
it.
Maratha Empire defeats Tipu Sultan, the king of Mysore in the Maratha–Mysore War,
resulting in the Treaty of Gajendragad. Tipu Sultan is forced to pay 4.8 million rupees as a
1787
war cost to the Marathas, an annual tribute of 1.2 million rupees and return all the territory
captured by his father Hyder Ali
1789 Third Anglo-Mysore War begins.
Tipu Sultan invades Malabar (present day Kerala), destroys a number of temples including
the temples of Bhagamandala, Payyavoor, Ammakoottam Mahadevi temple and
Thrikkadamba Sri.mahavishnu temple. Thousands are killed, women raped and populace
forced to convert to Islam,
1790 The Marathas under Holkar and General de Boigne defeat
the Rajputs of Jaipur and Mughals at the Battle of Patan, where 3000+ Rajput cavalry is
killed and the entire Mughal unit vanquished. The defeat crushes Rajput hope of
 independence from external influence
May Kingdom of Travancore defeats the Kingdom of Mysore in the Battle of Nedumkotta
1792 Third Anglo-Mysore War ends.
1793 Birth of Rani Rashmoni, one of the pioneers of the Bengali Renaissance.
1795 Maratha Empire defeats the Nizam of Hyderabad in the Battle of Kharda, Nizam ceded
11 March
territory.
13 August Death of Ahilyabai Holkar
1796 Ching-Thang Khomba moves Manipur's capital to Kangla
1798 Fourth Anglo-Mysore War begins.
1799 Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ends with the death of Tipu Sultan, the victory of the East India
Company, and the restoration of their ally, the Wodeyar dynasty of Mysore.
Polygar War
1800 13 March Death of Nana Fadnavis
19th century[edit]

Yea
Date Event
r

Maharaja Ranjit Singh establishes Khalsa rule of Punjab from Lahore. Khalsa
1801 12 April
army liberates Kashmiri Pandits and invades Afghanistan via the Khyber Pass.

The Kingdom of Kottayam defeats the British East India Company in the Battle of
1802
Panamarathukotta

1803 The Second Anglo-Maratha War begins.

1805 17 December The Second Anglo-Maratha War ends.

1806 10 July Vellore mutiny

Hari Singh Nalwa, commander of the Sikh Khalsa Army of the Sikh
1807 Empire defeats the Durrani Empire in the Battle of Kasur, the first in a series of
battles.

1809 25 April The East India Company signs the first Treaty of Amritsar with Ranjit Singh.

1811 28 October The death of Yashwantrao Holkar

Dewan Mokham Chand and Hari Singh Nalwa, commanders of the Sikh Khalsa
1813 13 July Army of the Sikh Empire defeat the Durrani Empire in the Battle of Attock and
capture Attock

1814 15 January "Atmiya Sabha" is established by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

 The Third Anglo-Maratha War begins.
1817 3 June, 20 January Establishment of Hindu College (Presidency College, now Presidency University,
Kolkata)
1818 Sikh Empire defeats the Durrani Empire and captures Multan after the Siege of
March – 2 June
Multan (1818).
The Third Anglo-Maratha War ends with the defeat of Bajirao II and the end of
31 December the Maratha Empire, leaving the East India Company with control of almost the
whole of India.
Sikh Empire defeats the Durrani Empire in the Battle of Shopian and
1819 3 July
captures Srinagar and Kashmir. Islamic rule ends in Jammu and Kashmir.
1820 31 December Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar is born (to 1891).
1823 5 March Anglo-Burmese Wars (to 1826)
Sikh Empire defeats the Emirate of Afghanistan and the Nawab of Amb to
14 March
annex Peshawar Valley, in the Battle of Nowshera
1824 12 February Dayananda Saraswati is born (to 1883)
December 1825 – January
1825 Battle between British East India Company and Bharatpur State
1826
1826 4 January British rule in Burma (to 1947)
1827 11 April Jyotirao Phule is born (to 1890)
1828 19 November Rani of Jhansi Laxmi bai was born (to 1858)
1829 Kol uprising
Sikh Empire defeats the Mujahideen forces of Syed Ahmad Barelvi in the Battle
1831 6 May
of Balakot
Sikh Empire defeats the forces of Afghan Durrani Empire in the Battle of
1834 6 May
Peshawar (1834). Peshawar becomes part of the Sikh Empire.
1836 18 February Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa is born (to 1886)
Hari Singh Nalwa, commander of the Sikh Khalsa Army defeats the Durrani
1837 18 February Empire in the Battle of Jamrud and extends the frontier of Sikh Empire to beyond
the Indus River right up to the mouth of the Khyber Pass.
1839 First Anglo-Afghan War
1845 13 January First Anglo-Sikh Wars (to 1849)
4 November Vasudev Balwant Phadke is born (to 1883)
The Sikh Empire under Sher Singh Attariwalla defeats the British East India
1848 22 November
Company under Sir Hugh Gough in the Battle of Ramnagar
The Sikh Empire under Sher Singh Attariwalla defeats the British East India
1849 13 January
Company under Sir Hugh Gough in the Battle of Chillianwala
1853 1 April The Post Service started.
1853 16 April The first railway is established between Bombay and Thane.
1855 31 May Rani Rashmoni builds the Dakshineswar Kali Temple.
30 June Santhal rebellion
1856 25 July Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856
 23 July Bal Gangadhar Tilak is born (to 1920)
20 August Narayana Guru is born (to 1928)
1857 British victory in Indian Rebellion of 1857.

10 May Last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was deposed by British East India
Company and India transferred to British Crown. Marks the End of Mughal
Dynasty rule over India.
India's first three universities, the University of Mumbai, the University of
18 July, 24 January
Madras and the University of Calcutta, are established.
1858 18 June 1858 Rani of Jhansi, Rani Lakshmibai died
British Raj (to 1947) Marks the Beginning Of Direct British Rule Over India For
1 November
89 Years(1858–1947).
7 November Bipin Chandra Pal is born (to 1932)
1859 18 April Death of Tatya Tope
1861 7 May Rabindranath Tagore is born.
1862 The high courts of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay are established.[39]
1863 12 January Swami Vivekanand is born (to 1902)
1865 28 January Lala Lajpat Rai is born (to 1928)
"Prarthana Samaj" established earlier known as "Atmiya Sabha", "Tahzeeb-ul-
1867 31 March
Akhlaq" was started
Mahatma Gandhi is born (to 30 January 1948)
1869 2 October
Thakkar Bapa is born (to 1951)
1873 24 September Jyotirao Phule establishes the Satyashodhak Samaj society.
1875 10 April "Arya Samaj" is established.
Aligarh Muslim University
Deccan Riots
1876 25 December Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born (1876–1948)
1877 1 January The first Delhi Durbar
1883 30 October Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati dies
1885 28 December The Indian National Congress is established[40]
1889 14 November Jawaharlal Nehru is born (to 1964).
1889 3 December Khudiram Bose is born (to 1908).
1891 14 April B. R. Ambedkar is born (to 1956).
1891 31 March Anglo-Manipur War.
1895 11 May jiddu krishnamurti is born (to 17 February 1986).
1897 Subhas Chandra Bose is born (to 1945); the first fingerprint bureau of India is
23 January
established in Calcutta.
11 June Ram Prasad Bismil is born
22 June Chapekar brothers assassinate W.C.Rand.
Modern India[edit]
20th century[edit]
Yea
Date Event
r

1900 3 March Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi is born (to 1966).

1902 Anushilan Samiti, revolutionary association formed.

1903 11 December British expedition to Tibet

1 January Delhi Durbar Second Time.

1904 5 November University Act

1905 Bharat Sevak Samaj founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

16 October Partition of Bengal (1905)

1906 Jugantar formed.

30 December Muslim League formed in Dacca.

1907 Surat Split

1908 Alipore bomb case

1909 Morley-Minto Reforms

1911 Cancellation of Partition of Bengal

Delhi Durbar Third Time

1911 12 December The British government moves the capital from Calcutta to Delhi.[41]

1912 Delhi conspiracy case

1913 Gadar Party formed.

Rabindranath Tagore won Nobel Prize in Literature

1914 Hindu–German Conspiracy

1915 Ghadar conspiracy

Provisional Government of India formed in Kabul.

 Mahatma Gandhi returns to India.

1916 Lucknow Pact

1917 Champaran Satyagraha

Justice Party (India) is founded

1918 Kheda Satyagraha and Ahmedabad Mill Strike

1919 13 April Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms

Rowlatt Act is passed

18 March
Diarchy
1920 Non-cooperation movement Khilafat Movement
1922 5 February Chauri Chaura incident
1924 The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association is formed.
1925 9 August Kakori conspiracy
1925 27 September Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) is founded.
1927 20 March Mahad Satyagraha
November Simon Commission
1928 Bardoli Satyagraha
1929 Central Assembly bombed by Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt.
Purna Swaraj resolution.
1930 Salt Satyagraha, the civil disobedience movement, begins with the Dandi march.
The first Round Table Conferences (India)
1931 March Gandhi–Irwin Pact
23 March Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev martyred
September–
The second Round Table Conferences (India)
December
1932 24 September Poona Pact
16 August Communal Award
November–December The third Round Table Conferences (India)
1935 August Government of India Act 1935
1937 1937 Indian provincial elections
1939 The All India Forward Bloc established by Subhas Chandra Bose
1940 23 March Lahore Resolution
 The All-India Jamhur Muslim League established by Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi to support a
united India
8 August August offer 1940
1942 late March Cripps' mission
1. Quit India Movement
August
2. The Indian National Army is established by Subhas Chandra Bose.
1943 Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind, the Provisional Government of Free India is formed by Netaji.
1944 Subhas Chandra Bose calls Mahatma Gandhi the Father of the Nation.
1945 18 August Subhas Chandra Bose death in plane crash at Taiwan.
Wavell Plan, Simla Conference
1946 February Royal Indian Navy mutiny
March Cabinet Mission
16 August Direct Action Day/Great Calcutta Killings
October–November Noakhali riots
1947 July Indian Independence Act 1947 by British Raj
14 August Partition of India and Pakistan becomes an independent state[40]
15 August Indian independence from the British Raj.
Hundreds of thousands die in widespread communal bloodshed after partition, continuing to
1948.
1948 30 January Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated by Nathuram Godse.
War with Pakistan over disputed territory of Kashmir.
Telangana and other princely states are integrated into Indian union.
1950 26 January India became a republic.
Reconstruction of the Somnath temple under the orders of the Home Minister of
1951
India Vallabhbhai Patel.[42]
1951 Congress Party wins first general elections under leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru (to 1952).
1955 Nationalisation of the Indian insurance sector. Establishment of LIC.
1956 14 October B. R. Ambedkar converted to Buddhism along with 600,000 followers.
6 December B. R. Ambedkar died. States Reorganization Act in force from 1 November.
1962 War over disputed territory of Kashmir[40] with China.
India seizes Diu, Daman and Goa from Portuguese India.
1964 27 May Death of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
1965 6–23 September Second war with Pakistan over Kashmir.
1966 11 January Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri's mysterious death in Tashkent.
24 January Nehru's daughter Indira Gandhi becomes prime minister.
1969 19 July Nationalisation of 14 major private Banks.
15 August Indian Space Research Organisation formed under Department of Space.