Task No.

01
1. Dependant and Independent suspensions are the main system
configuration, Describe the type of system for each given Vehicles, showing
their main component’s function (springs, shock absorber, control arms,
torsion bar, stabilizer bar and ball joints).
HYUNDAI Tucson-2015 AUDI A8-2013
MacPherson suspension (independant) air suspension (Independent)
 Main components  Main components
Front axle Front axle
1.knuckle  Five-link front axle
2. lower control arm  air spring damper
 MacPherson strut  guide links with hydraulic damping
3. shock absorber mounts
4. spring 1. Air spring shock absorber-
5. ball joints 2. Ball joint
6. stabilizer bar 3. Air line connecting piece with the
residual pressure retaining valve
4. Control arm
5. stabilizer bar
6. wheel bearing
7. Level control system sensor bolt
8. Shock absorber fork-to-track control
arm nut
9. Stabilizer bar-to-subframe nut
  Function
1. springs : The springs fitted between the
wheels and the frame allows the wheels to
move up and down without causing a
similar movement of the frame It prevents
road shocks being transmitted to the frame
and allows the wheels to follow the irregular
contour of the road surface

2. shock absorber : It absorbs the energy

stored in the spring and reduces the number
of oscillations generated between the initial
extrusion and the final return of the spring
to its normal position

3. control arms :
 It connects the steering knuckle to
the vehicle's body.
 Connected by ball joint.
 Free to move up and down with
suspension.
 Holds the axle carrier, bearing support
or axle housing in correct alignment
4. torsion bar : A torsion bar resists
twisting and is used as a spring on some
cars and many four-wheeldrive pickup
trucks and sport utility vehicles

5. stabilizer bar :
 Prevents excessive body lean when
turning.
 When cornering, outside of the body
drops and twists the bar to a limit
sway.
 The bar's resistance to twisting
motion limits body lean in corners.
6. ball joints :
allow control arm and steering knuckle to
move up and down and side to side
2. Construct a simple layout diagram for the “Audi A8 front suspension”
and describe its operation.

Air springs replace coil springs in traditional suspension systems.

The air springs are inflated or deflated to provide a constant vehicle height The solenoid
actuators in the struts have up to three suspension modes that may be selected by the driver.
1) Suspension in the “Comfort” level.
2) Suspension in the “Sport” level.
3) Suspension in the “heavy duty suspension” level.
3. Compare the relative advantages and disadvantages of suspension
systems for the given two vehicle models “HYUNDAI Tucson-2015” and
“AUDI A8-2013”
HYUNDAI Tucson-2015 AUDI A8-2013
Advantages (passive suspension) Advantage (semi active suspension)
 Simple design and configuration  Less
 Lower price in comparison with  implementation cost
other suspension systems  Lower energy use
 Simple control
 Simple design
 Easy to set up
disadvantages disadvantages
 Performance is not as good as  Damper limitation
active and semi-active systems  Narrow efficiency range
 Better performance than passive
systems but performance is not as
good as active systems

4. Evaluate the effect of semi-active suspension in “AUDI A8-2013” for

vehicle safety and efficiency.
 Compared to fully active suspension systems, semi-active systems comum
significantly less power
 Semi-active suspension system can effectively improve vehicle ride comfort
and handling stability, active detection and handling of road information
 Wide dynamic range.
 Fast response rate.
 Low energy consumption.

5. Select the appropriate equipment to carry-out the assembly and

disassembly process for a given suspension system.
 Task No.02
1. Understeer, Oversteer and Neutral steering are the characteristics of
steering system, distinguish between them for the given “HYUNDAI
Tucson-2015”.
 Understeer
Front wheels lose their traction and
cause the car to go wide. Understeer can
be corrected by stiffening the vehicle's
rear chassis

 Oversteer
Rear tires lose grip and causing the rear
end of the vehicle slides out Oversteer
can be corrected by stiffening the
vehicle's front chassis

 Neutral steering
-When a vehicle turns at a rate exactly
proportional to the rate at which the
steering wheel is turned
-Where the front wheels do not lose
stability and the rear wheels do not lose
stability

 In normal cases, it will be Neutral

“HYUNDAI Tucson-2015”. steering
 In the case of taking turns, it
becomes Understeer
2. Explain the effect of steering characteristics and vehicle center of gravity
on vehicle operation.
Effect of steering characteristics on Effect of center of gravity on
vehicle operation vehicle operation.
 Understeer A vehicle's center of gravity (CG) is a
Front wheels lose their traction and key parameter that helps determine
cause the car to go wide. Understeer can vehicle stability, braking efficiency and
be corrected by stiffening the vehicle's safety
rear chassis  The lower the center of gravity
 Oversteer (CG), the more stable the body
Rear tires lose grip and causing the rear will be when steering and
end of the vehicle slides out Oversteer cornering
can be corrected by stiffening the  The higher it is, the more likely
vehicle's front chassis the object will fall if pushed so
 Neutral steering that it can steer and turn quickly
-When a vehicle turns at a rate exactly and the car will roll over
proportional to the rate at which the
steering wheel is turned
If the vehicle's steering 
characteristics change, the
vehicle's inherent dynamic
characteristics will change as
well. In addition to the routing
feature

3. Describe the function and operation of traditional steering system and

“Audi A8 - 2013” Power steering system
function operation of traditional steering

1. Maneuverability
2. Proper Steering Effor
3. Smooth Recovery
4. Minimum Transmission of Shock from
Road Surface
Function
1. reduce driver effort : Steering
effort decreases as vehicle speed
increases. So, in order to get easier
routing And for better road feel, the
steering should be lighter at low
speeds and heavier at higher speeds
2. Good Maneuverability : When the
car turns on a narrow, winding road,
the steering system must be able to
turn forward Sharp wheels but easily
and smoothly
3. Smooth recovery : While the car is
turning, the driver must hold the
steering wheel firmly. After the turn
is completed, however, Recovery,
that is, the return of the wheels to an
upright position, should occur
smoothly
4. minimum shock : shock from the
road surface Loss of steering wheel
control should not occur due to
roughness of the road surface.
4. Justify the use of power-assisted steering in terms of purpose, function,
and operation.
 Helps drivers steer the vehicle by reducing the steering effort needed to
turn the steering wheel, making it easier for the vehicle to turn or
system (rack and pinon)
 the tie rods form a direct link from
the steering gear rack to
 the steering arms.
 When the rack moves right and left,
the tie rods transmit the motion to
the steering arms and reposition the
wheels.
 When the steering shaft turns the
pinion shaft, the pinion gear acts on
the rack gear
 then slides sideways inside the gear
housing. Steering knuckles (steering
arms) are connected to the two ends
of the rack via the tie rods.
operation of Power steering system
 Power steering pump driven by the
engine and hydraulic system is
usually used to assist the steering
work
 The higher the engine speed, the
higher the pump pressure, and vice
versa
 Then the oil is transmitted at high
pressure from the pump heading to a
valve to direct the oil to the cylinder
to rotate the wheels left and right.
 This helps pinion gear
 maneuver at low speeds
 Reducing the physical effort needed to turn the wheels when the
vehicle is stopped or moving slowly This means that failure of the
power steering system (to increase effort) still allows the vehicle to be
steered using manual effort alone

5. Use the appropriate equipment to carry out assembly and disassembly

for a given steering system.