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Review Module – Steel Design – Plastic Analysis and The Collapse Mechanism
PLASTIC ANALYSIS
If the structure is subjected to loads that produce a stress
greater than the yield stress of the material, yielding
propagates from the outermost fiber to the plastic neutral
axis.
Stage (a) – the load applied causes a moment that
produces a bending stress up to the yield stress of
the material.
Stage (b) – additional load is applied, and the outer fiber
cannot go beyond yield stress, so the yielding
propagates towards the neutral axis.
Stage (c) – additional load is added, and the propagation
continues towards the neutral axis.
Stage (d) – yielding reaches the neutral axis and this
becomes the fully plastic stress distribution.
PROBLEM 1. A steel T-section has dimensions shown in the
figure. It is of A36 steel with a yield stress of 248 MPa.
a. Compute the elastic section modulus of the section.
b. Determine the plastic section modulus of the section.
c. Determine the shape factor.
d. Compute for the plastic moment capacity of the section.
COLLAPSE MECHANISM
When the whole cross-section yields, the material reaches
fully plastic condition and produces a plastic hinge that
makes your structure unstable. Thus, any additional load
after the establishment of the plastic hinge will cause the
structure to collapse. This configuration of the structure is
known to be the collapse mechanism.
𝒀𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒑𝒔𝒆 𝑴𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒔𝒎
𝑷𝒖 – collapse load; minimum load that results in the collapse
of a structure.
ANALYSIS USING VIRTUAL WORK METHOD
PROBLEM 1. A 6 m simply supported beam carries a
service live load of 40kN at midspan. Use live load factor of
1.6, determine the plastic moment of the beam.
PROBLEM 2. A restrained steel beam is used to carry a
uniform ultimate load throughout its span. The beam has a
span of 8 m and a plastic moment capacity of 300 kN-m.
Determine the uniform load it can carry right before collapse.
PROBLEM 3. A continuous beam is to be designed using
the plastic method of analysis. The first span is 12 m long
and the adjacent span is 8m. Both spans are loaded with
uniform dead load of 40 kN/m. The shorter span carries
concentrated live load of 90 kN at its center. Using a load
factor of 1.2 for dead load and 1.6 for live loads, what is the
beam’s plastic moment capacity?