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    Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Selenium are important antioxidants obtained through foods. Vitamin E is found in plant oils, nuts and seeds and requires pancreatic enzymes and bile for absorption in the small intestine. Vitamin C is found in fruits and vegetables and is readily absorbed in the small intestine. Selenium is found in meats, brazil nuts and plant foods and is absorbed throughout the small intestine. All three play important roles in reducing oxidative stress and supporting immune and thyroid function. Deficiencies can result in diseases like scurvy for vitamin C and cardiomyopathy for selenium. Toxicity is rare but can cause GI issues for vitamin E and selenium.

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    Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Selenium are important antioxidants obtained through foods. Vitamin E is found in plant oils, nuts and seeds and requires pancreatic enzymes and bile for absorption in the small intestine. Vitamin C is found in fruits and vegetables and is readily absorbed in the small intestine. Selenium is found in meats, brazil nuts and plant foods and is absorbed throughout the small intestine. All three play important roles in reducing oxidative stress and supporting immune and thyroid function. Deficiencies can result in diseases like scurvy for vitamin C and cardiomyopathy for selenium. Toxicity is rare but can cause GI issues for vitamin E and selenium.

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    5 views3 pages

    Table For Exam 3

    Uploaded by

    raybua
    Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Selenium are important antioxidants obtained through foods. Vitamin E is found in plant oils, nuts and seeds and requires pancreatic enzymes and bile for absorption in the small intestine. Vitamin C is found in fruits and vegetables and is readily absorbed in the small intestine. Selenium is found in meats, brazil nuts and plant foods and is absorbed throughout the small intestine. All three play important roles in reducing oxidative stress and supporting immune and thyroid function. Deficiencies can result in diseases like scurvy for vitamin C and cardiomyopathy for selenium. Toxicity is rare but can cause GI issues for vitamin E and selenium.

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    of 3

    Vitamin E Vit C Selenium

    Food Sources Tocopherols-biologically active -Reduced form: Ascorbic Acid -depends on soil from rainfall
    Tocotrienols-unsaturated -Oxidized form: Dehydroascorbic -organ meats and seafoods (brazil
    -dissolved in fats of animal and Acid nuts=90ug)
    plants Foods: Fruits and Vegetables, mostly -Selenoamino acids
    -Vegetable oil (safflower, sunflower, as ascorbic acid -Organic: selenoproteins
    olive), whole grains, leafy vegetables selenomethione (plants)
    Selenocysteine (animals)
    -Inorganic- vegetables
    -SIMILAR TO SULFUR
    Digestion -Tocopherols-free, do not need -no digestion required Does not Require digestion
    digestion TRANSPORTERS: TRANSPORTATION
    -Tocotrienols- esterified and -Ascorbic Acid-SVCT1+2 -Sodium dependent transport
    hydrolyzed (pancreatic esterase and -Dehydroascorbic- GLUT1+3 -Amino Acid Transport
    duodenal mucosal esterase) -Passive diffusion
    Absorption -Absorbed in jejunum Absorption throughout the small -Throughout small intestine
    -Combines with bile salts and enters intestine, especially proximal ENHANCES:
    micelles jejunum -Vit E
    -Absorbed in enterocytes become -Vit C
    chylomicrons, (package in HDL and -Vit A
    LDL), remnants delivered to liver -Presence of reduced glutathione
    packaged in VLDL and transported to INHIBIT:
    enterohepatic tissues -chelation
    -chylomicron-lymphatic-blood-liver- -heavy metals (mercury)
    vldl-ldl-tissues -PHYTIC acid (whole grains,
    legumes)

    Pathways (4) (9) -Antioxidant activity


    -maintains integrity of membranes -Antioxidant -Synthesis of Se-containing proteins
    by preventing oxidation of -Cosubstrate for Enzyme activity -DNA repair
    unsaturated fatty acids in membrane -Collagen Synthesis -Immune
    phospholipids (brain, lungs) -Carnitine Synthesis -Synthesis of thyroid hormone
    -Quenches singlet Oxygen -Tyrosine catabolism
    -Free Radical Termination (OH) -Neurotransmitters
    -Cell Signaling (gene exp, -Microsomal metabolism
    transcription) -Pro-oxidant activity
    -Cholesterol-lowering -Immunity
    Special notes -Collagen synthesis-structural -Contains 50-80% of Se in
    protein, post-translational circulation= Selenoprotein P
    hydroxylation reactions (Lysine and - Antioxidant- glutathione
    proline), lysyl hydroxylase and prolyl peroxidase-donate e- to vitamin C,
    hydroxylase, Vit C reduces Ferric Iron converts H2O2 to water
    (Fe3+) to Ferrous Iron (FE2+) - Selenoprotein P-disposes of ONOO
    -Carnitine synthesis- transports long- to protect DNA
    chain FA to mito. For b-oxidation, Vit -Iodothyronine 5’ deiodinases-
    C reducing agent Ferric-Ferrous Iron iodine metabolism and generation of
    -Tyrosine Catabolism- broken down thyroid hormone
    to produce energy (Fe3+-Fe2+)
    -Neurotransmitter synthesis (Cu2+-
    Cu1+), CCK, Norepinephrine, gastrin,
    vasopressin
    -Microsomal metabolism-mostly
    undefined
    -Pro-oxidant- reducing transitional
    metals (Fe, Cu)
    -Antioxidant (Vit E, OH, O2, H2O)
    Populations at risk (6) (7) (6)
    -premature infants -Older Adults -Specific regions of world
    -Fat malabsorption disorders -Babies given evaporated milk or -TPN
    (Crohns, Cystic Fibrosis, steatorrhea) boiled milk -HIV and Cirrhosis
    -Genetic Defects -chronic alcoholism -Critical illness and some
    -Long-term PN -smokers inflammatory conditions
    -High PUFA -Limit food variety -Exposure to pollutants and metals
    -Less Se and Vit C require more vit E -Malabsorptive disorders -Statins (interfere with synthesis of
    -Dialysis selenoproteins)
    -T2DM, certain cancers
    Deficiency Deficiency is rare -Scurvy (month, <10mg/day) -Keshan disease-cardiomyopathy
    -lead to hemolytic anemia due to cell 4Hs -Kashin-Beck’s disease-
    membranes fragile -Hemorrhagic osteoarthropathy
    -degeneration of nerve and muscles -hyperkeratosis of hair follicles -Signs and symptoms:
    -hyperchondrosis Poor growth
    -hematological Muscle weakness and pain
    Whitening of nail beds
    Loss pigmentation of hair and skin
    cardiomyopathy
    Toxicity -least toxic of all fat-soluble UL=2g/day UL= 400ug, Selenosis
    -UL=1000mg -rare -observed in miners and ppl
    -GI distress, increases resp -nausea, vomiting, osmotic diarrhea, consuming excess selenium from
    infections, reports of muscle risk for kidney stones supplement
    weakness, fatigue, and double vision -high doses unsafe for those -hair brittleness, loss, brittle,
    predisposed to kidney stones or thickened nails
    disorder of iron metabolism=iron Brazil nut-90ug (6-8nuts)
    overload
    N-N -High Selenium compensate for low -enhances absorption of nonheme -may help prevent toxic effects
    vit E iron associated with some metals
    -Vit C relationship -protects thiamin absorption when
    -PUFA more need more Vit E antithiamin factors present
    -Interferes with absorption of other
    fat soluble vitamins (vit K)
    N-M -Cholestramine (bile acid -3g/day decreases acetaminophen Cisplatin-cancer medicatino
    sequestrant) excretion by 75%
    -Lomitapide (lipid-lowering agent) -large doses vit C w/ ALLOPURINOL
    -Orlistat (weight control) (gout) may increase renal calculi
    -Tetracycline-urinary wasting

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