MANUFACTURING AND TESTING OF POWER AND

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

Abstract-
Transformer is an electrical device that can be used for distribution of voltage through a
transmission line in a suitable manner for commercial and household purposes. It can control the
power of alternating current thereby increasing the efficiency of distributing electrical energy.
Through the application of Faraday's law of Induction, this use of electromagnetic energy has many
uses in the power industry.

Power transformers are the crucial part of the power system network because they regulate the
voltage either up or down on the electrical network for safe use by the consumers. Their reliable
operation on the network is very critical because it directly impacts that of the entire electrical
network connected to it. One of the major challenges power utilities face is the failure of power
transformers on the distribution network.

Transformers, either power or distribution type, cater the needs of electrical power consumers by
acting as a bridge between a Generator and Consumer. Power transformers are static devices that
transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another without changing the frequency. They work on
the principle of electromagnetic induction and can step up or step down the voltage level of an AC
supply. Power transformers are essential for the transmission, distribution, and utilization of
electrical power in various sectors. They have various types, specifications, and applications
depending on their design, function, and purpose.

The basic parts of transformers are the core and the primary and secondary windings, which are
as follows-

 Core Components
 Windings in Power Transformers
 Insulating Materials
 Tap Changer
 Bushings in Transformers
 Transformer Tank
 Conservator Component
 Breather Component
 Cooling System
 Explosion Vent
 Buchholz Relay

Types of Power Transformers-

1. Classified based on core and winding construction- Berry-Type Transformers

 Core-Type Transformers 
Shell-Type Transformers
2. Classified based on Turns Ratio (Ns/Np)- Isolation Transformers
 Step-Down Transformers 
Step-Up Transformers

3. Classified based on Phases-

 Single-Phase Transformers
 Three-Phase Transformers

Applications-
 Power generation: Power transformers are used to step up the voltage generated by power
plants for transmission to substations.
 Power transmission: Power transformers are used to step up or step down the voltage at
different points of the transmission network for efficient power delivery.
 Power distribution: Power transformers are used to step down the voltage for distribution to
domestic or commercial users. It operates at variable loads depending on the demand and has good
voltage regulation.
 Power generation: Power transformers are used to step up the voltage of the electricity
generated by power plants before it is sent to the grid. This reduces the current and the line losses
during transmission.
.

By - Mayank Sathone ( ID - 20003023 )

COLLEGE GUIDE – Dr. M. V. Jape (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, GCOE, Amravati)

Dr. M. V. Jape

College Guide
Dept. of Electrical Engineering