Presentation On

ANATOMICAL POSITION AND

INSCISION OF PECTORAL REGION

Guided By:- Dr. PUJA GUPTA

Presenter:- AHMAD
KASHIF
Anatomical Position of the Pectoral
Region

The pectoral region refers to

the anterior aspect of the
chest wall, superior to the
diaphragm and inferior to the
neck. It is bordered laterally
by the arm and medially by
the sternum. In the
anatomical position, the
individual stands erect, with
the feet together and the
palms facing forward.
Landmarks Of Pectoral Region
Several surface landmarks are helpful for
identifying key structures in the pectoral
region:
Clavicle (collarbone): The horizontal
bone at the superior border of the chest.
Sternum: The flat bone in the center of
the chest, composed of the manubrium,
body, and xiphoid process.
Costal cartilage: The flexible cartilage
connecting the ribs to the sternum.
Costochondral junctions: The points
where the costal cartilages meet the ribs.
Muscles of the Pectoral
Region
The pectoral region is composed of several
muscles, including:
Pectoralis major: This large, fan-shaped
muscle covers most of the anterior chest
wall. Its primary function is to flex and
adduct the arm at the shoulder joint.
Pectoralis minor: This smaller muscle lies
deep to the pectoralis major and helps to
stabilize the scapula (shoulder blade).
Serratus anterior: This thin muscle originates
from the ribs and inserts on the medial
border of the scapula. It helps to protract the
scapula and stabilize the shoulder joint.
Blood Vessels of the Pectoral
Region
The pectoral region is supplied by several blood
vessels:
Subclavian artery and vein: Located superior
to the clavicle, supplying blood to the head,
neck, and upper limbs.
Internal mammary artery and vein: Run
along the lateral border of the sternum,
supplying blood to the chest wall and breast
tissue.
Thoracoacromial artery and vein: Supply
blood to the shoulder joint and deltoid muscle.
Lateral thoracic artery and vein: Supply
blood to the pectoralis major muscle and chest
wall.
Pectoral arteries and veins: A network of
smaller vessels supplying blood to the pectoralis
muscles and chest wall.
Inscision Points of the Pectoral Region
The choice of incision point in the pectoral
region depends on the specific surgical
procedure being performed. However, some
general principles are followed:
Incisions should avoid major nerves
and blood vessels.
Incisions should be placed in skin
creases or Langer's lines, which are
lines of minimal tension that promote
better healing.
Incisions should be placed in a way
that minimizes cosmetic
disfigurement
Here are some common incision points in
the pectoral region:
Transverse subcostal incision: This
incision is made along the inferior
border of the ribs, following the costal
margin. It is commonly used for breast
augmentation and mastectomy
procedures.
Paramedian incision: This incision is
made along the lateral border of the
sternum. It is used for access to the
internal mammary artery and lymph
nodes.
Infraclavicular incision: This incision is
made below the clavicle (collarbone).
It is used for access to the subclavian
artery and vein.
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