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TRENDS, NETWORKS AND

CRITICAL THINKING IN
THE 21ST CENTURY
CULTURE
Q3 MODULE NO. 3

LESSON 1: GLOBAL
NETWORKS

PREPARED BY:
MS. JULIE D. BALDESCO
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ……………………………………………………………
Module 3……………………………………………………………….
Warm up Discussion……………………………………………
Lecture………………………………………………………….
Activity ………………………………………………………...

INTRODUCTION

Greetings, learners!
This course provides opportunities for students to discover patterns and extract meanings from
emerging trends. It aids in developing their critical and creative thinking skills -- essential tools
for decision-making and understanding "ethics of care".

Global trends in the 21st century are examined and are either accepted or rejected on a sound set
of criteria. Students will be asked to create and analyze scenarios that will challenge them to (1)
formulate their stances on issues or concerns; (2) propose interventions; (3) formulate alternative
futures. The students will realize the interconnections between their neural connections and social
realities.
After going through this module, you should be able to:
a. Define global networks;
b. Explain the benefits of globalization;
c. Summarize the collaborative and cooperative learning.

HUMSS_MCT12- If-g-1, HUMSS_MCT12- If-g-2, HUMSS_MCT12- If-g-3,

HUMSS_MCT12- If-g-4, HUMSS_MCT12- If-g-5, HUMSS_MCT12- If-g-6,
HUMSS_MCT12- If-g-7, HUMSS_MCT12- If-g-8

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MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE OF QUEZON CITY
TRENDS, NETWORKS AND CRITICAL THINKING IN THE 21ST CENTURY
CULTURE
` WARM UP DISCUSSION
TOPIC: GLOBAL NETWORKS

GLOBAL NETWORKS
A global network is any communication network which spans the entire Earth.
The term, as used in this article refers in a more restricted way
to bidirectional communication networks, and to technology-based networks. Early
networks such as international mail and unidirectional communication networks, such
as radio and television, are described elsewhere.

• It include the development of the WWW through the internet.

• Networks of individuals, communities and organizations that operates globally.
• It includes use of cyberspace and other technological innovation that gave rise to global
village.
“Globalization made people for liberal, open, dynamic, innovative and mature with the
exchange of ideas and practices between people of the world.”
WHAT IS CONCEPT OF GLOBALIZATION
Globalization is a term derived from the term globalize which refers to the
creation of international networks. To create a global alliance and dependence in terms
of business, political, economic and cultural practices.

WHAT FACTORS GAVE RISE TO GLOBALIZATION

➢ Advancement in Education
➢ Advancement in Science and Technology
➢ Social and Political Liberalization

WHAT ASPECTS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBALIZATION

• Information and Communication
• Migration

Transnational marriage is a result of the movement and migration of people around

the globe.
There are countless reasons why immigrants choose to migrate to another country.
Following are the assumptions based on Lee’s law on Push and Pull Factors.

• Push Factors are those that motivate people to move from one place to another
because of difficulty.
• Pull Factors those that motivate people to move from their place to another place
because of some desires.
PUSH FACTORS 11. Death threats
1. Not enough jobs 12. Desire for more political or religious
2. Few opportunities freedom
3. Inadequate conditions 13. Pollution
4. Desertification 14. Poor housing
5. Famine or drought 15. Landlord/tenant issues
6. Political fear or persecution 16. Bullying
7. Slavery or forced labor 17. Discrimination
8. Poor medical care 18. Poor chances of marrying
9. Loss of wealth 19. Condemned housing
10.Natural disasters 20. War
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MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE OF QUEZON CITY
TRENDS, NETWORKS AND CRITICAL THINKING IN THE 21ST CENTURY
CULTURE
 WARM UP DISCUSSION
PULL FACTORS
1. Job opportunities
2. Better living conditions
3. The feeling of having more political and religious freedom
4. Enjoyment
5. Education
6. Better medical care
7. Attractive climates
8. Security
9. Family links
10.Industry
11.Better chances of marrying
SPREAD OF IDEAS AND IDEOLOGY
Globalization means sharing cutting-edge ideas by simply communicating through
the web.

FREE MARKET ECONOMY

➢ Unified international economies through universal and inter financial institutions
through global policies and international trading agreements.
➢ E.g. BPO’s (Business Process Outsourcing Companies)
FINANCE
• Globalization brought forth the influx of money within the interconnected
countries.
• E.g. Bitcoins, Coins.ph and Pay pal

MAJOR AREAS OF GLOBALIZATION

1. Economic Globalization
e.g. The case of Singapore

2. Cultural Globalization
e.g. The case of Shakira

3. Political Globalization
e.g. The case of United Nations

TYPES OF MIGRATION
➢ Internal Migration look for new residence within their own country or state.
➢ External Migration moving in a different country or state.
➢ Migration leaving from one country to another.
➢ Immigration moving into a new country.
➢ Forced migration when the states force the people to migrate for a reason.

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MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE OF QUEZON CITY
TRENDS, NETWORKS AND CRITICAL THINKING IN THE 21ST CENTURY
CULTURE
 LECTURE

A SIMPLE GLOBALIZATION DEFINITION

Globalization means the speedup of movements and exchanges (of human beings, goods, and
services, capital, technologies or cultural practices) all over the planet. One of the effects of globalization
is that it promotes and increases interactions between different regions and populations around the globe.

WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION IN THE ECONOMY

According to the Committee for Development Policy (a subsidiary body of the United Nations),
from an economic point of view, globalization can be defined as:
“(…) the increasing interdependence of world economies as a result of the growing scale of cross-border
trade of commodities and services, the flow of international capital and the wide and rapid spread of
technologies. It reflects the continuing expansion and mutual integration of market frontiers (…) and the
rapid growing significance of information in all types of productive activities and marketization are the
two major driving forces for economic globalization.”

WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION IN GEOGRAPHY

In geography, globalization is defined as the set of processes (economic, social, cultural,
technological, institutional) that contribute to the relationship between societies and individuals around
the world. It is a progressive process by which exchanges and flows between different parts of the world
are intensified.

EXAMPLES OF GLOBALIZATION (CONCEPT MAP)

➢ Economic globalization: is the development of trade systems within transnational actors such as
corporations or NGOs;
➢ Financial globalization: can be linked with the rise of a global financial system with international
financial exchanges and monetary exchanges. Stock markets, for instance, are a great example of
the financially connected global world since when one stock market has a decline, it affects other
markets negatively as well as the economy as a whole.
➢ Cultural globalization: refers to the interpenetration of cultures which, as a consequence, means
nations adopt principles, beliefs, and costumes of other nations, losing their unique culture to a
unique, globalized supra-culture;
➢ Political globalization: the development and growing influence of international organizations
such as the UN or WHO means governmental action takes place at an international level. There
are other bodies operating a global level such as NGOs like Doctors without borders or Oxfam;
➢ Sociological globalization: information moves almost in real-time, together with the
interconnection and interdependence of events and their consequences. People move all the time
too, mixing and integrating different societies;
➢ Technological globalization: the phenomenon by which millions of people are interconnected
thanks to the power of the digital world via platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Skype or
YouTube.
➢ Geographic globalization: is the new organization and hierarchy of different regions of the world
that is constantly changing. Moreover, with transportation and flying made so easy and affordable,
apart from a few countries with demanding visas, it is possible to travel the world without barely
any restrictions;
➢ Ecological globalization: accounts for the idea of considering planet Earth as a single global
entity – a common good all societies should protect since the weather affects everyone and we are
all protected by the same atmosphere. To this regard, it is often said that the poorest countries
that have been polluting the least will suffer the most from climate change.

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MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE OF QUEZON CITY
TRENDS, NETWORKS AND CRITICAL THINKING IN THE 21ST CENTURY
CULTURE
 LECTURE
THE BENEFITS OF GLOBALIZATION
• The Engine of Globalization – An Economic Example
The most visible impacts of globalization are definitely the ones affecting the economic
world. Globalization has led to a sharp increase in trade and economic exchanges, but also to a
multiplication of financial exchanges.
• Globalization Benefits – A Financial Example
The idea was to simplify finance regulations, eliminate mediators and break down the barriers
between the world’s financial centers. And the goal was to make it easier to exchange capital
between the world’s financial players. This financial globalization has contributed to the rise of a
global financial market in which contracts and capital exchanges have multiplied.
• Globalization – A Cultural Example
Together with economic and financial globalization, there has obviously also been cultural
globalization. Indeed, the multiplication of economic and financial exchanges has been followed
by an increase in human exchanges such as migration, expatriation or traveling. These human
exchanges have contributed to the development of cultural exchanges. This means that different
customs and habits shared among local communities have been shared among communities that
(used to) have different procedures and even different beliefs.

WHY IS GLOBALIZATION BAD? THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

➢ The Negative Effects of Globalization on Cultural Loss
Apart from all the benefits globalization has had on allowing cultural exchanges it also
homogenized the world’s cultures. That’s why specific cultural characteristics from some countries
are disappearing. From languages to traditions or even specific industries. That’s why according
to UNESCO, the mix between the benefits of globalization and the protection of local culture’s
uniqueness requires a careful approach.
➢ The Economic Negative Effects of Globalization
Despite its benefits, the economic growth driven by globalization has not been done without
awakening criticism. The consequences of globalization are far from homogeneous: income
inequalities, disproportional wealth and trades that benefit parties differently. In the end, one of the
criticisms is that some actors (countries, companies, individuals) benefit more from the phenomena
of globalization, while others are sometimes perceived as the “losers” of globalization. As a matter
of fact, a recent report from Oxfam says that 82% of the world’s generated wealth goes to 1% of
the population.
➢ The Negative Effects of Globalization on the Environment
Many critics have also pointed out that globalization has negative effects on the environment. Thus,
the massive development of transport that has been the basis of globalization is also responsible for
serious environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions, global warming or air pollution.
At the same time, global economic growth and industrial productivity are both the driving
force and the major consequences of globalization. They also have big environmental consequences
as they contribute to the depletion of natural resources, deforestation and the destruction
of ecosystems and loss of biodiversity. The worldwide distribution of goods is also creating a big
garbage problem, especially on what concerns plastic pollution.

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MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE OF QUEZON CITY
TRENDS, NETWORKS AND CRITICAL THINKING IN THE 21ST CENTURY
CULTURE
 LECTURE

COLLABORATIVE VS. COOPERATIVE LEARNING

When it comes to students working together, the terms collaborative learning and cooperative
learning are often used interchangeably. There are still some key differences; with collaborative learning,
students make individual progress in tandem with others. Co-operative learning involves more inherent
interdependence, promoting greater accountability.
As we know from our recent State of Technology in Education Report, student engagement and
attainment is a high priority for many schools. While the purpose of these pedagogical methods is the
same — to provide students with opportunities to engage with each other in thoughtful learning — it is
important that teachers understand the differences if they are both to be used effectively in the classroom.

THE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN COOPERATIVE AND COLLABORATIVE

LEARNING
Here are just some of the similarities that exist between a cooperative learning and collaborative
learning approach for students:

➢ Rely on active student participation rather than passive, lecture-based teaching

➢ Students assume a degree of responsibility for their own learning
➢ Teachers act as facilitators to learning
➢ Require pupils to complete a task/project
➢ Instil team building skills and encourage social interaction
➢ Help to prepare students for the world of work
➢ Enhance deeper cognitive skills
➢ Create shared learning experiences
➢ Increase levels of information retention
➢ Embrace student diversity

THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COOPERATIVE AND COLLABORATIVE

LEARNING
➢ Collaborative learning
Students progress personally, while collectively working towards a common goal. Students are
accountable to one another and, with appropriate direction, will self-manage this. Pupils learn to
better understand and anticipate difference, recognize it in themselves and others, and use it to
their advantage.
A typical collaborative learning process:
• Students organize their efforts between themselves (group-structured)
• Students source material to help them complete the activity
• The activity is not monitored by the teacher (although they can help when assistance is requested
by the group)
• Students assess their own individual and group performance
• Success depends on individual strengths

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MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE OF QUEZON CITY
TRENDS, NETWORKS AND CRITICAL THINKING IN THE 21ST CENTURY
CULTURE
 LECTURE
➢ Cooperative learning
Like the cast and crew of a theatre production, co-operation involves interdependence. Roles and
responsibilities are clearly defined but are open for negotiation. This method of collaboration brings
with it a strong sense of accountability.
In contrast to collaborative learning, a cooperative learning structure takes the following form:
• Activities are structured with each student assigned a specific role (teacher-structured)
• Teachers supply information for students to read and analyze (or let pupils know where this info can
be found)
• Teachers observe, listen and intervene where necessary
• Students submit work at the end of lesson for evaluation/assessment
• The success of the group depends upon the efforts of everyone involved

THE BENEFITS OF COOPERATIVE AND COLLABORATIVE LEARNING

The majority of students learn best when they are immersed in learning, through interaction and application.
A student is more likely to remember something discovered through active participation and peer work than
through the passive acceptance of information presented by the teacher.
As well as making learning more memorable, with collaborative and cooperative learning:
• Students come to recognize, understand and respect cultural differences and different perspectives
• Performance is improved. With collaborative/cooperative methods much more valuable than
individualistic ways of building student performance and progression
• Group work helps students who have difficulty with social skills. Providing a safe and structured
space to interact with others
• Confidence is emboldened, with students able to recognize and value the importance of their
contributions
• Inclusivity is encouraged. There is no such thing as an average child, and collaborative/cooperative
methods allow each child to work to their strengths.

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MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE OF QUEZON CITY
TRENDS, NETWORKS AND CRITICAL THINKING IN THE 21ST CENTURY
CULTURE
 ACTIVITY NO. 3
NAME: ADVISER:
GRADE AND SECTION: CONTACT NUMBER:

Instruction:
1. Write the effects of GLOBALIZATION.
2. Summarize your own understanding in
COLLABORATIVE AND COOPERATIVE.

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MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE OF QUEZON CITY
TRENDS, NETWORKS AND CRITICAL THINKING IN THE 21ST CENTURY
CULTURE