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dk fu/kkZj.k
'kks/k LFky
fnO; —iky ih th dkyst xkslok eYykoka gjnksbZ
l=2023
i
izek.k i=
izekf.kr
izekf.kr fd;k tkrk
tkrk gS fd izLrqr
izLrqr y?kq 'kks
'kks/k
/k izca/k
izca/k vrqy dqekj
ftldk 'kh"kZd ^^ lrlbZ lkfgR; dh ijEijk esa fcgkjh lrlbZ dk
fu/kkZj.k** gS fgUnh foHkkx f nO; —iky ih th dkyst xkslok
eYykoka gjnksbZ ¼ prqFkZ lsesLVj fgUnh foHkkx½ ijh{kk
l=& 2022&2023 dh vkaf'kd izfriwfrZ gsrq izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
eSa buds Lof.kZe Hkfo"; dh dkeuk djrk gw¡A
'kks/k i;Zos{kd
MkW0 vfuy dqekj
fnukad %&
LFkku %&
ii
?kks"k.kk i=
eSa vrqy dqekj ;g ?kks"k.kk djrk gwa fd izLrqr y?kq 'kks/k
izcU/k ftldk 'kh"kZd ^^ lrlbZ lkfgR; dh ijEijk esa fcgkjh lrlbZ
dk fu/kkZj.k** gSA fnO; —iky ih th dkyst xkslok eYykoka
gjnksbZ dh ¼,e0,0 prqFkZ lsesLVj fgUnh foHkkx½ mikf/k dh
vkaf'kd iwfrZ gsrq izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] ;g y?kq 'kks/k izcU/k esjh
yxu o ifjJe dk ifj.kke gSA
fnukad& 'kks/kdrkZ
LFkku vrqy dqekj
,e0,0 prqFkZ lsesLVj
lsesLVj
¼fgUnh foHkkx½
iii
vkHkkj i=
ftl
ftl d:.k
:.kke
ke;h
;h us eq
eq>s
>s tU
tUee fn;k
fn;k rFk
rFkk ftuds
tuds egRo
gRoiw.k
iw.kZ
Z yk
ykyyu
ikyu ,oa vuq'kklu esa iydj ;g ekuo thou iYyfor gqvk gS ,sls esa
viuh ekrk ,oa firk ds pj.kksa esa loZçFke ç.kfr vfiZr djrs gq,
Lo;a dks èkU;re~ vuqHko dj jgk gw¡A
çLrq
çLrqrr y?kq
y?kq 'kksè
kksèkk çkjEH
kjEHkk ls vUr rd fod
fodfl
flrr djus
djus esa
esa vusd
vusd
fo}kuksa rFkk vkn'kZokfn;ksa us vius dq'ky ekxZn'kZu] ijke'kZ
rFkk mi;ksxh fopkj çnku dj esjh lgk;rk dh gS eSa mu lHkh ds çfr
vHkkj çdV djuk pkgrk gw¡¡A çLrqr y?kq 'kksèk çcUèk esjh
'kks/k i;Zos{kd ije vknj.kh; MkW0 vfuy dqekj fgUnh
foHkkx fnO; —iky ih th dkyst xkslok eYykoka gjnksbZ dh
¼,e0,0 FgUnh foHkkx½ ds iFk çn'kZu dk gh çfr Qy gS
ftUgksaus vR;Ur O;Lrrk esa viuk cgqewY; le; nsdj esjh vusd
leL;kvksa dks nwj fd;k eSa vius vknj.kh; dk ân; ls vHkkj O;ä
djrk gw¡ ftudk dq'ky funZs'ku ,oa lg;ksx esjs ekul iVy ij lnSo
vafdr jgsxkA
fnukad&
'kks/kdrkZ
vrqy dqekj
,e0,0 prqFkZ lsesLVj
lsesLVj
v
fo"k; lwph
jlflf) dk vFkZ
J`axkj jl
la;ksx J`axkj
:i o.kZu
ØhM+k o.kZu
Hkfä jl
Hkko O;atuk vkSj fcgkjh lrlbZ
vi
gko o.kZu
vxat Hkko
v;Rut gko
fcgkjh vkSj ç—fr fp=.k
vii
izFke v/;k;
izLrkouk
1
fganh lkfgR; esa jhfrdky ds çeq[k dfo fcgkjhyky dh fy[kh fcgkjh
lrlbZ us cM+h çflf) ikbZA fganh lkfgR; esa bl xzaFk dk vR;ar
çpkj gqvk rFkk lrlbZjpuk ds fy, blus vusd dfo;ksa dks çsfjr
fd;kA
fd;kA fcg
fcgkjh lrlb
lrlbZ
Z dh c<+rh
<+rh gqbZ yksd
yksdfç
fç;;rk ns[kd
s[kdjj vusd
vusd
ewèkZU; dfo;ksa ds nksgksa dks Hkh ckn esa lrlbZ dk :i ns fn;k
x;k] tSls "rqylhlrlbZ"A eqäd dkO; dk ;g :i bruk tufç; gqvk fd
fganh esa lrlb;ksa dk ,d fo'kky HkaMkj gesa miyCèk gSA buesa
jghe lrlbZ] rqylh lrlbZ] fcgkjh lrlbZ] jlfufèk lrlbZ] efrjke lrlbZ]
o`an lrlbZ] Hkwifr lrlbZ] panu lrlbZ] foØe lrlbZ] jke lrlbZ ds
uke çeq[k gSa vkSj ;s lrlb;k¡ eè; ;qx esa fy[kh xbZA vkèkqfud
dky esa Hkh vusd lrlb;k¡ eè; ;qx esa fy[kh xbZaA vkèkqfud dky
esa Hkh lrlb;k¡ fy[kh xbZa tSls gfjvkSèk —r gfjvkSèk lrlbZ]
fo;ksxh gfj dh ohj lrlbZ Hkh cM+h çfl) vkSj lkef;d jpuk,¡ gSaA
çeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡
¼1½ lrlb;ksa esa 700 ;k 700 ls dqN vfèkd Nan gksrs gSaA
¼2½ lrlb
lrlb;k
;ksa
sa esa
esa çeq
çeq[k :i ls "nk
"nksgk"
sgk" Nan
Nan dk ç;k
ç;ksx gksrk
ksrk
gS( nksgk ds lkFk lksjBk vkSj joS Nan dk ç;ksx Hkh lrlbZdkj
chp chp esa dj nsrs gSaA
2
¼3½ lrlb;ksa] esa çeq[k :i ls 'k`axkjjl dh çèkkurk gSA 'k`axkj ds
vfrfjä uhfr rFkk Hkfä] oSjkX; dks Hkh lrlbZdkjksa us fy;k gSA
fcgkjh lrlbZ 'k`axkjçèkku jpuk gS] c`an lrlbZ uhfrijd dkO; gS
rFkk rqylh lrlbZ esa Hkfä] Kku] deZ vkSj oSjkX; ds nksgs
gSaA lrlbZdkjksa us viuh lrlbZ;ksa esa çk;: bu lHkh fo"k;ksa ds
nksgs dgs gSaA 'k`axkjçèkku lrlbZ;ksa esa 'k`axkj ds lkFk uhfr
rFkk Hkfä vkSj oSjkX; ds nksgs Hkh feyrs gSa] tSls fcgkjh
lrlbZ vkSj efrjke lrlbZ esaA c`an lrlbZ iw.kZr: uhfrlrlbZ gS rFkk
rqylh lrlbZ esa Hkfä r;k oSjkX; ds nksgksa ds lkFk uhfr ds
nksgksa dh Hkh çèkkurk gSA eq[; :i ls 'k`axkj vkSj uhfr bu
nksuksa dh çèkkurk lrlb;ksa esa ns[kus dks feyrh gSA
4
egkjkt t; flag ls eqykdkr dh dgkuh Hkh dkQh euksjatd FkhA
dgrs gSa& egkjkt t; flag viuh NksVh jkuh ds çse esa bruk yhu
jgk djrs Fks fd os jkt&ikV ns[kus ds fy, egy ls ckgj ugha fudyrs
FksA jktegy ds lHkh yksx dkQh fpafrr jgk djrs FksA os lc le>
ugha ikrs Fks fd D;k fd;k tk,\ ,d fnu fcgkjhyky jktnjckj esa
igq¡ps vkSj jktk t; flag ls feyus dh b{kk tkfgj fd,A njokfj;ksa dk
dksbZ tokc ugha ikdj fcgkjhyky cksys fd esjk ;s lans'k egkjkt rd
igq¡pk nhft,A fcgkjhyky us lans'k esa fy[kk Fkk &
rqjar ckgj fudydj vk x,A fcgkjh dks blh rjg ds vkSj Hkh ljl nksgs
fy[k
fy[kuus dk vkns'k
ns'k nsrs
srs gq, egkjk
gkjktt cksys
ksys fd çR;s
çR;sdd nksgs
sgs ij
vkidks ,d v'kQÊ fn;k tk,xkA fcgkjh nksgs cukdj egkjkt dks
lqukrs jgs vkSj çfr nksgs ij mUgsa ,d v'kQÊ feyus yxkA bl çdkj
fcgkjh us ^lkr lkS* nksgs fy[ks tks laxzghr gksdj ^fcgkjh lrlbZ*
ds uke ls çfl) gqvkA fcgkjh lrlbZ dks J`axkj] Hkfä vkSj ^uhfr dh
f=os.kh* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
5
J`axkj&jl ds xzaFkks esa ftruh çfl)h vkSj eku ^fcgkjh lrlbZ* dks
feyh mruk 'kk;n fdlh vU; xzUFk dks ugha feykA jhfrdky ds
ijEijk ds vuqlkj fcgkjhyky us dksbZ y{k.k&xzaFk ugha fy[kk
ysfdu muds nksgksa esa fofHkUu çdkj ds jl] vyadkj vkSj ukf;dk
Hksn ds mngkj.k feyrs gSaA Hkko] vuqHkko vkSj lapkfjHkko
dh vn~Hkqr NVk fcgkjh ds nksgksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA os
fganh lkfgR; esa vius vuqHkko&foèkku ds fy, çfl) FksA ;g
vuqHkko dk ,d mngkj.k gS&
6
^crjl ykyp yky dh] eqjyh èkfj yqdkbA
nksgs :ih NksVs Nan esa vfèkd ls vfèkd jl Hkj ldrs FksA fcgkjh
ds nksgs jl ds NksVs&NksVs NhVksa ds leku gSaA tSls&
9
^czt Hkk"kk cjuh lcS] dfooj cqf) fo'kkyA
ftl çdkj veko';k ds fnu jfo vkSj paæek ,d gh fn'kk esa vkdj lalkj
esa vaèkdkj iSnk dj nsrs gSa] mlh çdkj nks jktkvksa ds jkT; esa
çtk dk d"V c<+ tkrk gSA fcgkjh dh Hkk"kk lkfgfR;d czt Hkk"kk
FkhA fcgkjh dk 'kCn p;u cM+k gh lqUnj vkSj lkFkZd FkkA
mUgksaus viuh Hkk"kk esa eqgkojksa dk Hkh lqUnj ç;ksx fd;k
gSA tSls&
jhfrdky ds dfo jktuhfr esa Hkh :fp j[krs FksA ge ;gk¡ fcgkjh ds
fo"k; esa dg ldrs gSa fd os ,d fgEerh LoHkko ds dfo FksA rHkh
10
rks mUgksaus dfork ds ekè;e ls igyh ckj esa gh jktk dks foykl
Hkou ls fudkydj deZ {ks= esa ykus dk lkgl fd;kA ,d ckj jktk
t;flag eqxyksa dk i{k ysdj ejkBksa ds fo#) yM+us dk fcpkj dj jgs
FksA mlh le; fcgkjh yky us vius ,d nksgs ds }kjk mudk iFk
çn'kZu fd;kA og nksgk Fkk&
11
eqäd dkO; dh ,d fof'k"V foèkk gSA blds varxZr dfox.k lkr lkS ;k
lkr lkS ls vfèkd nksgs fy[kdj ,d xzaFk ds :i esa ladfyr djrs gSaA
^lrlbZ** 'kCn ^lr** vkSj ^lbZ** ls cuk gS] ^lr** dk vFkZ lkr
vkSj lbZ dk vFkZ ^lkS** gSA bl çdkj lrlbZ dkO; og dkO; gS
ftlesa lkr lkS Nan gksrs gSa
fo'ks"krk,¡
¼1½ lrlb;ksa esa lkr lkS ;k lkr lkS ls dqN vfèkd Nan gksrs gSaA
12
nksgksa dh Hkh çèkkurk gSA eq[; :i ls 'k`axkj vkSj uhfr bu
nksuksa dh çèkkurk lrlb;ksa esa ns[kus dks feyrh gSA
'k`axkj esa Hkh vkèkqfud lrlb;k¡ fy[kh xbZ ftuesa ;fn ,d vksj
'k`axkj vkSj uhfr dh çèkkurk gS rks nwljh vksj ^ohjjl rFkk d#.kjl
ds u, fo"k;ksa dks Hkh lrlbZdkjksa us fy[kk gSA lw;ZeYy feJ.k
dh ^ohj lrlbZ** rFkk fo;ksxh gfj dh ohj lrlbZ esa jk"Vªh;rk dks
txkus ds fy, ohjksfpr mfä;k¡ dgh xbZ gSa vkSj ns'k dh nqnZ'kk ij
mUgksaus d#.kk ls ;qä nksgs dgs gSaA lrlbZ oLrqr: eqäd dkO;
gSaA½
vk;k
;kZ
Z lIr'
lIr'kkrh ¼xk
xkso
soèk
èkZu
Zukp
kpkk;Z
;Z]] laL—r
aL—r esa
esa jf
jfppr] gky dh
xkFkklIr'krh ds vkèkkj ij] 12oha 'krh esa jfpr] la;ksx vkSj fo;ksx
i{k dk lqUnj fp=.k½
ve:d 'krd ¼jktk ve:d] laL—r esa jfpr 'k`axkj jl ds euksgkjh 'yksd]
vehj lrlbZ ¼1832 bZ-] vehjnkl] 701 'k`axkj ijd nksgs] 'k`axkj jl
ds vkyEcu Jh—".k vkSj jkèkk½
efrjke lrlbZ ¼1681 bZ-] efrjke] 703 nksgs] 626 nksgs 'k`axkj
ijd] 22 Hkfäijd] 15 uhfrijd] 40 vU;½
o`an lrlbZ ¼o`an] 1704 bZ-] uhfr lrlbZ] eq[; :i ls uhfr vkSj
lnkpkj ds nksgs½
jke lrlbZ vFkok 'k`axkj lrlbZ ¼jkelgk; nkl] 724 'k`axkjijd nksgs]
la;ksx vkSj fo;ksx i{k dk o.kZu½
15
czt lrlbZ ¼1937 bZ-]jkepfjr mikè;k;½
ve`r lrlbZ ¼ve`ryky prqoZsnh½
16
f}rh; v/;k;
t;iqj&ujs'k fet+kZ jktk t;flag viuh u;h jkuh ds çse esa brus Mwcs
jgrs Fks fd os egy ls ckgj Hkh ugha fudyrs Fks vkSj jkt&dkt dh
vksj dksbZ è;ku ugha nsrs FksA ea=h vkfn yksx blls cM+s
fpafrr Fks] fdarq jktk ls dqN dgus dks 'kfä fdlh esa u FkhA
fcgkjh us ;g dk;Z vius Åij fy;kA mUgksaus fuEufyf[kr nksgk
fdlh çdkj jktk ds ikl igqapk;k &
dkO;Hkk"kk ds :i esa çfrf"Br FkhA bldk çpkj vkSj çlkj bruk gks
pqdk Fkk fd blesa vusd:irk dk vk tkuk lgt laHko FkkA fcgkjh us
bls ,d:irk ds lkFk j[kus dk LrqR; lQy ç;kl fd;k vkSj bls fuf'pr
lkfgfR;d :i esa j[k fn;kA blls cztHkk"kk e¡tdj fu[kj mBhA
lrlbZ dks rhu eq[; Hkkxksa esa foHkä dj ldrs gSa& uhfr fo"k;d]
Hkfä vkSj vè;kRe Hkkoijd] rFkk J`axkjijdA buesa ls J`axkjkRed
18
Hkkx vfèkd gSA dyk&peRdkj loZ= pkrq;Z ds lkFk çkIr gksrk
gSA
lrlbZ ds eqäd nksgksa dks Øec) djus ds ç;kl fd, x, gSaA 25 çdkj
ds Øe dgs tkrs gSa ftuesa ls 14 çdkj ds Øe ns[ks x, gSa] 'ks"k 11
çdkj ds Øe ftu Vhdkvksa esa gSa] os çkIr ughaA fdarq dksbZ
uhfr fo"k;d nksgksa esa oLrqr: ljlrk j[kuk dfBu gksrk gS] muesa
mfäv
mfävkS
kSfp
fpR;
R; vkSj
vkSj opuo
opuoØr
Ørkk ds lk
lkFk
Fk pk#
pk# pkrq
pkrq;Z
;Z peRd
peRdkj
kj gh
çHkkoksRiknd vkSj è;kukd"kZ.k esa lgk;d gksrk gSA ;g ckr
uhfrijd nksgksa esa Li"V :i ls feyrh gSA fQj Hkh fcgkjh us
buesa ljlrk dk ljkguh;
ljkguh; ç;kl fd;k gSA
21
fcgkjh us vius iwoZorÊ fl) dfoojksa dh eqäd jpukvksa] tSls
vk;kZlIr'krh] xkFkklIr'krh] ve#d'krd vkfn ls ewyHkko fy, gSa&
dgha mu Hkkoksa dks dkV Nk¡Vdj lqanj :i fn;k gS] dgha dqN
mUur fd;k gS vkSj dgha T;ksa dk R;ksa gh lk j[kk gSA
lkSan;Z ;g gS fd nh?kZ Hkkoksa dks laf{kIr :i esa jE;rk ds lkFk
viuh Nki NksM+rs gq, j[kus dk lQy ç;kl fd;k x;k gSA
22
lrlbZ ij dfri; vkykspdksa us viuh vkykspuk,¡ fy[kh gSaA jhfr
dkO; ls gh bldh vkykspuk pyrh vk jgh gSA çFke dfo;ksa us lrlbZ
dh ekfeZd fo'ks"krk dks lkadsfrd :i ls lwfpr djrs gq, nksgs vkSj
Nan fy[ksA mnZw ds 'kk;jksa
'kk;jksa us Hkh blh çdkj fd;kA ;Fkk
lrlb;k ds nksgjs] T;ksa ukod ds rhjA
23
fcgkjh dh dfork dk eq[; fo"k; J`axkj gSA mUgksaus J`axkj ds
la;ksx vkSj fo;ksx nksuksa gh i{kksa dk o.kZu fd;k gSA la;ksx
i{k esa fcgkjh us gkoHkko vkSj vuqHkoksa dk cM+k gh lw{e
fp=.kk fd;k
fp=. fd;k gSaA
SaA mles
lesa cM
cM+h
+h ekfe
ekfeZd
Zdrk
rk gSA
gSA la;k
la;ksx
sx dk ,d
mnkgj.k nsf[k, &
॥
lksg djs] HkkSaguq gals nSu dgs] ufV tk;
fcgkjh dk fo;ksx o.kZu cM+k vfr'k;ksfä iw.kZ gSA ;gh dkj.k gS
fd mlesa LokHkkfodrk ugha gS] fojg esa O;kdqy ukf;dk dh
nqcZyrk dk fp=.k djrs gq, mls ?kM+h ds isaMqye tSlk cuk fn;k
x;k gS &
24
vkSaèkkbZ lhlh lqyf[k] fcjg foFkk foylkrA
Hkfä&Hkkouk
fcgkjh us uhfr vkSj Kku ds Hkh nksgs fy[ks gSa] fdarq mudh
la[;k cgqr FkksM+h gSA èku&laxzg ds lacaèk esa ,d nksgk
nsf[k, &
ç—fr&
r&ffp=.k esa fcgkjh fdlh ls ihNs ugha jgs gSaA "kV
26
Hkk"kk
'kSyh
2 & çlknxq.k ls ;qä ljl 'kSyh & Hkfä rFkk uhfr ds nksgksa esaA
3 & peRdkj iw.kZ 'kSyh & n'kZu] T;ksfr"k] xf.kr vkfn fo"k;d
nksgksa esaA
27
fcgkjhyky dk fo;ksx] o.kZu cM+k vfr'k;ksfä iw.kZ gSA ;gh
dkj.k gS fd mlesa LokHkkfodrk ugha gS] fojg esa O;kdqy
ukf;dk dh nqcZyrk dk fp=.k djrs gq, mls ?kM+h ds isaMqye tSlk
cuk fn;k x;k gS&
bfr vkor pyh tkr mr] pyh] Nglkrd gkFk A
28
'kkL=h; fu;eksa dk iw.kZ ikyu djrs gq, Hkh buds nksgksa dh
HkkokuqHkwfr
HkkokuqHkwfr lacaèkh rhozrk vR;ar l'kä gSA
—fr;ka
fcgkjh lrlbZ eqäd 'kSyh esa jfpr fcgkjh th dh ,dek= —fr gS]
ftlesa 723 nksgs gSaA fcgkjh lrlbZ dks 'xkxj esa lkxj' dh laKk
nh tkrh gSA oSls rks fcgkjh th us jpuk,a cgqr de fy[kh gSa] fQj
29
Hkh foy{k.k çfrHkk ds dkj.k bUgsa egkdfo ds in ij çfrf"Br fd;k
x;k gSA
Hkko i{k
fcgkjh xkxj esa lkxj Hkjus ds fy, fo[;kr gSaA xkxj esa lkxj dk
vfHkçk; gS fd de&ls&de 'kCnksa&esa&vfèkd ls vfèkd ckr dg
nh tk,A okLro esa fcgkjh esa 'nksgk' tSls NksVs Nan esa ,d lkFk
fofoèk Hkko Hkj fn, gSaA ;Fkk &
Jaxkfjd dfo gksus ij Hkh fcgkjh us Hkfä vkSj uhfr lacaèkh vusd
nksgksa dh jpuk dh gSA bUgksaus jkèkk ,oa Jh —".k dh Lrqfr ij
vkèkkfjr vusd nksgs çLrqr fd, gSaA Jh —".k dks fn, x, mykgus
vkSj muds çfr fd, x, O;ax esa mudk dkS'ky n'kZuh; gS&
dh ijaijk dk ikyu djrs gq, fcgkjh us ,sls jliw.kZ nksgs fy[ks gSa]
tks bUgsa Js"B Jaxkjh dfo fl) djrs gSaA ;Fkk &
dgr]uVr]jh>r]f[k>r]feyr]f[kyr] yft;krA
'kSyh & fcgkjh us eqäd dkO;&'kSyh dks Lohdkj fd;k gS] ftlesa
lekl&'kSyh dk vuwBk ;ksxnku gSA blhfy, 'nksgk' tSls NksVs
Nan esa Hkh mUgksaus vusd Hkkoksa dks Hkj fn;k gSA fcgkjh
dks nksgk Nan lokZfèkd fç; gSA budk laiw.kZ dkO; blh Nan esa
jpk x;k gSA vyadkjksa ds ç;ksx esa fcgkjh n{k FksA bUgksaus
NksVs&NksVs nksgksa esa vusd vyadkjksa dks Hkj fn;k gSA
32
fcgkjh ds nksgs jl ds lkxj gSa] dYiuk ds baæèkuq"k gS o
Hkk"kk ds es?k gSaA ;s fganh lkfgR; dh egku foHkwfr gSa]
ftUgksaus viuh ,dek= jpuk ds vkèkkj ij fganh lkfgR; txr esa viuh
vfeV Nki NksM+h gSA
dbZ dfo;ksa us buds nksgksa ij vkèkkfjr vU; Nanksa dh jpuk dh
gSA buds nksgs lhèks ân; ij çgkj djrs gSaA buds nksgksa ds
fo"k; esa fuEufyf[kr mfä çfl) gS&
iqLrdsa
fcgkjh lrlbZ
fcgkjh ds nksgs
ekrk firk
f'k{kk
dgk tkrk gS fd ds'kojk; buds tUe ds lkr & vkB o"kZ ckn Xokfy;j
NksM+dj vksjNk pys x, | ogh fcgkjh us fganh ds lqçfl)
dfovkpk;Z ds'konkl ,d vki xzaFkksa ds lkFk gh laL—r vkSj çk
—r vkfn dk vè;;u fd;k Avkxjk tk
tk dj bUgksaus mnZw Qkjlh vè;;u
vè;;u
fd;k vkSj vCnqy jghe [kku[kkuk ds laidZ esa vk, Afcgkjh th dks
vusd fo"k;ksa dk Kku Fkk |
35
xq#
fookg &
dfo fcgkjh dk 'kCn p;u cM+k lqanj vkSj lkFkZd gSA 'kCnksa dk
ç;ksx Hkkoks ds vuqdwy gh gqvk gSA mUgksaus viuh Hkk"kk
esa dgha&dgha eqgkojksa dk Hkh lqanj ç;ksx fd;k gSA
dfooj fcgkjh t;iqj ujs'k fetkZ jktk t;flag ds njckjh dfo FksA
fcgkjh fganh jhfr dky ds çfl) dfo FksA t;iqj ujs'k lokbZ t; flag
viuh ubZ jkuh ds çse esa brus Mwcs jgrs Fks fd og egy ls ckgj
Hkh ugha fudyrs Fks vkSj jktdkt dh vksj dksbZ Hkh è;ku ugha
nsrs FksA
37
r`rh; v/;k;
fgUnh lrlbZ
fcgkjh lrlbZ
ferjke lrlbZ
39
jlfufèk lrlbZ
40
¼7½ dfo jkeflag dh ^jke lrlbZ*A
dksbZ lwfä;k¡ rks Hkfä Hkko fy;s gSa rks dksbZ çse dh jlksfä;k¡
41
fdlh dh jpuk xqtjkr&jktLFkku esa gqbZ gS rks fdlh dh dk'kh
vkSj ifV;kyk] ve`rlj esa fdlku tSls vkèkqfud fo"k;ksa ij Hkh ;s
lrlbZ;k¡ feyrh gSaA okLro esa fgUnh dh mYys[kuh; lrlbZ;k¡ rks
lkr gh gSa ftudk ifjp; ckcw ';ke lqUnjnkl us vius ladyu ^lrlbZ
lIrd* esa fn;k gSA bl çdkj fcgkjh lrlbZ ds vfrfjä rqylh lrlbZ] jghe
lrlbZ] efrjke lrlbZ] jke lrlbZ] foØ; lrlbZ] o`Un lrlbZ] jlfuèkh
lrlbZ rFkk ohj lrlbZ dh gh vfèkdka'k esa ppkZ gqbZ gSA
fcgkjh lrlbZ dk lrlbZ ijEijk esa LFkku& lrlbZ ijEijk esa fcgkjh
¼v½ vk;kZ lIr'krh] xkFkk 'kIr'krh vkSj ve:d 'krd rFkk fcgkjh
lrlbZ A
¼v½ vk;kZ lIr'krh] xkFkk lIrlrh vkSj ve:d lrd rFkk fcgkjhlrlbZ
42
¼1½
¼1½ fc
fcgk
gkjh
jh lrlb
lrlbZ
Z dh 'k
'k`a
`axk
xkj&
j& Hk
Hkko
kouk
uk dk ewy
ewy bu rhuk
rhuksa
sa
xzUFkksa dh ijEijk dh fojklr gSA fcgkjh bl fojklr dks vfUre
Nksj rd igqapkus esa mls ;Fkko';d xkSjoe;h mPprk nsus esa lQy
gq, gSaA M‚å gtkjh çlkn f}osnh us dgk gS ^fcgkjh dh lrlbZ fdlh
jhfr eukso`fÙk dh mit ughaA ;g ,d fo'kky ijEijk ds yxHkx vfUre
Nksj ij iM+rh gS vksj viuh ijEijk • dh laHkkor% vfUre fcUnq rd
ys tkrh gSA**
¼2½ fcgkjh lrlbZ esa dbZ nksgs ,sls gSa ftudk xkFkk lIr'krh
ve:':'kr
ve krdd dk ,d 'y
'yks
ksdd gS&
gS& 'k
'kwU
wU;; cklx
cklx`g
`g foyk
foyksD
sD;; 'k
'k;u
;ukn
knqR
qR;k
;k;;
vkfnA fcgkjh us bldk vR;Ur ljl vuqokn nksgs dh nks iafä;ksa esa
gh dj fn;k gS&
44
bl çdkj fcgkjh lrlbZ çk—r] laL—r esa feyus okys 'krdksa]
lIr'kfr;ksa dh ijEijk esa vkus okyh jpuk gSA bUgha 'k`axkjh
eqädksa ds vkèkkj ij lrlbZ ds Hkkoksa dk iYyou gqvk gSA bl
lEcUèk esa M‚å gtkjh çlkn f}osnh fy[krs gSa& laL—r vkSj çk
—r ds iqjkus 'k`axkjh dfo fdlh Hkh LoHkko 'khykokyh L=h dh
'kjhj ps"Vkvksa vkSj deZ O;ki`fr;ksa dks lqUnj :i esa mifLFkr
djus esa jl ys ldrs gSaA dsoy ,d gh 'krZ os yxkuk pkgrs gSaA
mfí"V ukjh lqUnjh gks] ;qorh gks] vuqjkxorh gksA fQj os vkSj
dqN ugha lksprsA os çse ds lgt :i dks de vkSj mlds euksgj :i dks
vfèkd ilan djrs gSaA os mlds dYiuk dksey :i dks mHkkjus dk
vfèkd ç;Ru djrs gSa vkSj mldh vuk;kl eksgu&'kksHkk dks de%
os fp= dks dykiw.kZ cukus esa vfèkd Je djrs gSa] oS;fäd
lEcUèkksa dh vuqHkwfr;ksa ls jaxus esa de mÙkjdkyhu laL—r
lkfgR; esa gh ukf;dkvksa ds lw{e oxÊdj.k ds vkèkkj ij 'k`axkj
45
HksnkiHksnksa dk Hkh jhfr&i)fr ij lqUnj leUo; fd;k gSA ij
ijEijk dk lw= idM+ dj og dsoy mldk fi.Viks"k.k gh ugha djrs
jgs] ijEijk dk Hkkj gh ugha <ksrs jgs vfirq viuh çfrHkk vkSj
fonXèkrk }kjk ml ijEijk dks iq"V fd;k gS] mls ^vfUre fcUnq*
f cUnq* rd
igq¡pk;k gSA
,slk djrs gq, dgha& dgha fcgkjh xkFkk vkSj vk;kZ lIr'krh ls Hkh
vkxs c<+ x;s gSa vkSj viuh gh ijEijk pykrs çrhr gksrs gSaA blls
gh iaå in~eflag 'kekZ us ^Hkatew Nhu ysuk* dgk gSA fcgkjh us
xkFkk lIr'krh vkSj ve:d 'krd ls fcgkjh lrlbZ dk nks ckrksa esa
Li"V vUrj çrhr gksrk gSA ,d rks fcgkjh lrlbZ ds nksgksa ds fp=
esa ^og ljlrk] rktxh vkSj nhfIr ugha tks xkFkk lIr'krh vkSj
ve#d'krd esa gSA nwljs ^xkFkk* dh xkFkkvksa vkSj ve:d 'krd
ds 'yksdksa esa tks ^oU; lqdqekjrk* vkSj vuqHkwfr;ksa dh
fcgkjh lrlbZ esa vkSj efrjke lrlbZ esa Hkko] fo"k;] Nan vkfn dh
–f"V ls lkE; gSA Hkk"kk dh –f"V ls ;|fi fcgkjh dh Hkk"kk dks
cztHkk"kk dh Vdlky dgk x;k gS ij efrjke lh ljl] LokHkkfod]
pyrh Hkk"kk fcgkjh esa
esa ugha feyrhA fcgkjh viuh Hkk
Hkk"kk
"kk ds lekl
47
'kfä ds fy, çfl) vkSj efrjke Hkk"kk ds çokg vkSj lgt çlUu :i ds
fy,A
nksuksa lrlbZ;ksa esa Hkfä vkSj uhfr ds nksgs gSa fdUrq fcgkjh
dh lwfä;k¡ vkSj Hkfä&fo"k;d nksgs vfèkd [;kr gSaA fcgkjh ds
Hkfä&fo"k;d nksgs efrjke ls dgha vfèkd O;atd rFkk
dkO;&pkrq;Z fy;s gSa&fcgkjh ds eaxykpj.k ds nksgs esa Hko
ckèkk vkSj gfjr nqfr dh tks xw<+ vkSj vuwBh dYiuk feyrh gS
og efrjke ds eaxykpj.k lacaèkh nksgs esa ugha] ;|fi fcgkjh ds
48
fd;k gS og vuqdj.k dh lqfoèkk gksus ij Hkh efrjke esa ugha
feyrk&
49
efrjke ds nksgs dsoy ljl gSa vkSj fcgkjh ds O;atd HkhA efrjke
dsoy jlokyh Fks ij fcgkjh ds nksgs èofu lefUor Hkh gSaA
fcg
fcgkjh
kjh ds nksg
ksgksa
ksa es
esaa xkxj esa lkxj
lkxj Hkj
Hkjus dh dYiu
Yiuk ds
peRdkjiw.kZ vkSj okfXonXèkrk ds lkFk lekgkj dh tks vuwBh
'kfä gS og efrjke esa ugha feyrhA
51
fcgkjh ds mijkar ;k ledkyhu lrlbZ;ksa esa efrjke dh lrlbZ fo'ks"k
egRoiw.kZ gS] 'ks"k lrlbZ;k¡ gSa] jru lrlbZ] jke lrlbZ] o`an
lrlbZ] foØe lrlbZ vkSj vkèkqfud dky dh ohj lrlbZA buesa
fo;ksxh gfj fd vkèkqfud dkyhu ^ohj lrlbZ* ds lkFk rks dsoy
nksgs] nan vkSj lrlbZ la[;k dk gh lacaèk gS vU;Fkk fcgkjh ds
'k`axkfjd {ks= esa bldh rqyuk dk dksbZ vfHkçk; ughaA 'ks"k
esa ls jru lrlbZ dks ledkhu lrlbZ;ksa esa j[kk tk ldrk gSA
çHkkfor gS&
^ysgq u etuw&?kksj f<ax] dksM] ysyk ukeA
52
ckfu ijr gS dkx fid _rq clar ds ekfg AA ^
buds nksgksa
nksgksa dh [;kfr jghe ls de ughaA
ughaA
jke lrlbZ esa 'k`axkj ds nksgs gSa fdUrq dsoy fcgkjh dk vuqdj.k
djrs gq,A ;g fcgkjh ds çHkko dh lwpd jpuk gS vU;Fkk ;g fdlh
Hkh çdkj ls fcgkjh dh mPprk dks çkIr ugha gksrhA
53
txr~ ds prqj fprsjs dwjA* lcdks fcgkjh dh rqyuk esa vlQyrk gh
gkFk yxh gSA
fcgkjh lrlbZ 'k`axkjh eqäd ijEijk esa lokZfèkd yksdfç; jpuk gSA
bldh yksdfç;rk dk
dk çek.k bl ij fy[kh xbZ
xbZ vla[; Vhdk,¡ gSaA
54
prqFkZ v/;k;
dkO; lkS"Vo vkSj fcgkjh lrlbZ
fgUnh lkfgR; ds jhfr dky ds egkdfo fcgkjh J`axkfjd dfo FksA blh
dkj.k mudh jlflf) ds dbZ vkèkkj dfo Fks ijUrq bu vkèkkjksa ds
foospu ls igys jlflf) ds vFkZ dks le>k ysuk vko';d gSA
jlflf) dk vFkZ
56
fcgkjh lrlbZ esa çèkku jl J`axkj gS dqN 'kksèk drkZ fo}kuksa us
fcgkjh lrlbZ ds 712 nksgksa es ls yxHkx 600 nksgs J`axkj jl ls
ifjiw.kZ crk;s gSA ijUrq bl lacaèk esa fookn gSA J`axkj jl dh
çèkkurk ds lkFk lkFk fcgkjh lrlbZ esa Hkfä jl vU;ksfä;ksa vkSj
uhfr ls lacafèkr nksgs Hkh fey tkrs gSA ijUrq çèkkurk J`axkj jl
dh gh gSA
J`axkj jl
J`axkj jl lHkh jlksa esa ls Js"V jl gS rFkk fgUnh] lkfgR; esa bls
jljkr dh mikfèk çnku gS J`axkj 'kCn nks 'kCnksa ls feydj cuk gS
J`x dk vFkZ gSA dkeksæsd vFkkZr~ dke dk QqV iM+ukA vkj
dk vFkZ gSA ykus okyk vFkkrZ~ tks dkeksæsd ykrk gSA ;k
iSnk djrk gSA bl çdkj J`axkj jl og jl gSA ftlesa uk;d ukf;dkvksa
ds feyu vFkok la;ksx ls mRiUu lq[k ;k fo;ksx ds dkj.k gksus
okys d"V o.kZu gksrk gSA mls J`axkj jl dgrsa gSA J`axkj jl ds
nks çdkj gksrs gSA
1- la;ksx J`xkaj
2- fo;ksx J`axkjA
57
jhfrdky+ dh jhfrfl) fcgkjh ,d J`axkfjd dfo gSA rFkk bUgksus
viuh —fr fcgkjh lrlrbZ ds vUrxZr J`axkj ds nksuks i{kksa dk
cgqr gh ekfeZdrk ds lkFk o.kZu fd;k gSA
la;ksx J`axkj
:i o.kZu
Hkfä jl
gko o.kZu
59
vkyEc :i esa ukf;dk dh ps"Vkvksa vkSj eqævksa dks gko dgrs
gSA vFkkZr~ ukf;dk dh LokHkkfod J`axkj ps"Vk,a gko dgykrh
gSA gko dks laL—r esa vaydkj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA lkekU;r%
gko rhu çdkj ds gksrs gSA
1- vxat
2- v;Rut
vxat Hkko
vxat Hkko rhu çdkj ds gksrs gSA Hkko] gko vkSj gsykA ^
fufoZdkj fp= esa çFke ckj leqfR;e dke & fopkj dk Hkko dgrs
gSA bldsa vUrxZr fdlh Hkh bPNk dk çdk'ku ugha gksrk gSA
tc fodkj vfHkyk"kk iwoZd çdV gksrk gS rks mls gko dgrs gSA
60
tc ps"Vk,a bruh c<+ tkrh gS fd mlesa yTtk Hkko cgqr de jg tkrk
gS vkSj lkèkkj.k O;fä Hkh çse dks yf{kr dj nsrk gS mls gsyk
dgrs gSA
v;Rut gko
blds fy, fdlh Hkh çdkj ds ç;Ru dh vko';drk ugha gksrh gSA ;s lkr
iqjkru dky ls gh euq"; o ç—fr dk xgjk lacaèk jgk gSA dgk t;s rks
ç—fr euq"; dh lgpjh jgh gS vFkkZr og euq"; ds lq[k] nq[k ds
nksuks esa mlds lkFk jgh gSA vfHkçk; ;g gS fd vkfndky ls gh ç
—fr ekuo ls tqM+h gqbZ gSA euq"; dk dksbZ Hkh dk;Zdyki ç
—fr ls vyx ugha gSA ç—fr vkSj ekuo dk ;g lacaèk bruk çxk<+
61
gS fd dfo dykdkjksa us Hkh mls Lohdkj fd;k gSA vkfn ekuo us
tc us=kseyhu fd;k rks èkjrh us viuh nqykj Hkjh xksn esa ys fy;k]
e`nw lehj us >qyk;k] chfp;ksa us yksfj;k¡ xkbZ] v:.k us vuqjkx
& jaftr vkysd fn;k vkSj bUnqj f'enksa us pkj pqEcu ls mls xnxn
dj fn;kA ekuo vkSj ç—fr dk ;g ;gp;Z fpUru gks x;kA bl 'kkÜor
lacaèk ds ifjos'k esa gh og dHkh mlds vfHkuo J`axkj ij
eq'èkgksrk dHkh mldh {kqCFk Hkafxek ls Hkr gksrk] dHkh ur
tkuq gks mlls mins'k vkSj vkns'k çkIr djrk] dHkh vius fç; ds vax
ds fy, thou] jg;kS] ij;kS] pqujh] fnBksuk] vk¡f[k] HkkSu] Nfo &
Nk¡d] lyksuhfprofr] eqlqdku] yqoS] ytkSgh] e¡gnh] teqgkj]
iyuq] fctqjh] fg;kS] cfr;k¡ vkfn lkfgfR;d czt Hkk"kk ds 'kCn
gSA
gSA tc
tcfd
fd xqM+
xqM+h]
h] xjnk
xjnkus
us]] gw
gwBî
BîkS
kS]] it
itjS
jS]] vktq
vktqdk
dkfY
fYg]
g] cqjS
cqjS]]
iwU;kS] ,sru ejd] xksjVh vkSVs] cjkBs] tq:] M;kS<h vkfn
xzkeh.k cksypky ds 'kCn gSA ftudk ç;ksx fcgkjh lrlbZ esa i;kZIr
ek=k esa feyrk gSA fcgkjh ds dkO; esa czt Hkk"kk dk mnkgj.k
bl çdkj ls gS
dfo fcgkjh }kjk jfpr fcgkjh lrlbZ Hkh vaydkjksa ls ifjiw.kZ gSA
blesa dfo fcgkjh us vusd vadkjksa dk ç;ksx fd;k gSA jke lkxj
f=ikBh th us fcgkjh ds dkO; esa vk;s vaydkjksa dk vè;;u rhu
Hkkxksa esa ckaV dj fd;k gSA &
63
1- ljkfHkO;atuk ewyd vaydkjA
3- O;x;kFkkZiLdkjd vaydkjA
gekjs er ls fcgkjh lrlbZ ds vaydkj lkSn;Z dk vè;;u ijEijkxr
foHkktu ds vkèkkj ij fd;k tkr mfpr gSA ijEijkxr vkèkkj ij nks
çdkj ls fd;k tkrk gSA
¼1½ 'kCnkyadkj
¼ 2½ vFkkZyadkj
64
fcgkjh lrlbZ ds vUrxZr 'kCnkyadkj vkSj vFkkZyadkj nksuksa dk
ç;ksx gqvk gSA 'kCnkyadkjksa dk ç;ksx vusd LFkyks ij peRdkj
çn'kZu ds fy, fd;k x;k gS fdUrq vFkkZyadkj dk lgt ç;kx Hkko
lEçs"k.k ds fufer fd;k x;k gSA vadkj dk ç;ksx dkO; ds lkSn;Z
dks c<+kus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ;fn vadkj lgt LokHkkfrd
çfØ;k ds vuqlkj vuqHkwfr ds lEçs"k.k ds fy, fd;s tkrs gS rks
mlds dkO; & lkSan;Z vkSj vfèkd c<rk gS] ?kVrk ugh gSA
;ed% tgka ,d gh o.kZ nks ;k nks ls vfèkd ckj ç;qä gks] ijUrq gj
ckj mldk fHkUu vFkZ fudys mls le; vaydkj dgrs gSA fcgkjh us
vius dkO; esa ;ed vaydkj dk ç;ksx cgqr gh ekfeZd <ax ls çLrqr
fd;k gSA
iape~ v/;k;
gS tks lrlbZ lkfgR; dh ijEijk esa viuh fo'ks"k txg j[krh gSA
blds }kjk Hkfä] çse] Hkk"kk dh lqanjrk vkSj Hkkjrh; lkaL—frd
ewY;ksa dk çfr"Bku fd;k x;k gSA fcgkjh lrlbZ ds dforkvksa esa
fofHkUu jlksa dk laokn gksrk gS] ftlls ikBdksa dk eukscy c<+rk
gS vkSj mudk vkRek dks 'kkafr vkSj çsj.kk feyrh gSA blds lkFk
gh] ;g —fr
—fr gesa
esa çk
çkpphu Hkkjr
kkjrhh; laL—f
aL—frr vkSj
kSj Hkk"k
kk"kkk dh
lq>ko &
fcgkjh lrlbZ dh lexzrk dks le>us ds fy, mlds fofHkUu Nanksa
vkSj dforkvksa dk vè;;u djsaA
fcgkjh lrlbZ ds vuqlkj Hkfä vkSj çse ds egRo dks le>sa vkSj
muds lans'k dks vkt dh thou'kSyh esa viukus dk ç;kl djsaA
¼vDVwcj&fnlEcj 2006½
dkyk igkM+ miU;kl vkSj esokr] vk¡py dk thou] 'kCn
ljksdkj ¼tuojh&ekpZ 2007½
fgUnh miU;kl vkSj vkupkfydrk] ‘kCn ljksdkj
¼vizsSy&twu 2007½
mifu
mifuo’
o’kc
kc)) ls mRrj
mRrj mi
mifo
fou’
u’kc
kc)) dh larf
larfrr rFkk
rFkk cnyr
cnyrss
ifjizs{;] jpukØe ¼vDVwcj&fnlEcj 2007½
vupkfyd miU;kl vkSj yksd laLd`fr] fgeizLFk ¼ekpZ
& 2008½
vupkfyd miU;kl vkSj yksd xhr] iatkc lkSjHk
¼vDVwcj & 2007½