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NUmerical Modulation Techniques
NUmerical Modulation Techniques
S. Y. B.SC. SEM IV
ELECTIVE PAPER III UNIT III
(Solved Numerical)
Modulation techniques
PREPARED BY
PROF. VISHWAS DESHMUKH
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF PHYSICS
MODULATION TECHNIQUES 1
1. If the maximum and minimum voltage of an AM wave are Vmax and Vmin
𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 − 𝑽𝒎𝒊𝒏
respectively. Show that the modulation factor is 𝒎 =
𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 + 𝑽𝒎𝒊𝒏
MODULATION TECHNIQUES 2
2. The maximum peak-to-peak voltage of an AM wave is 12 mV and
the minimum voltage is 4mV. Calculate the modulation factor.
MODULATION TECHNIQUES 3
3. An AM wave is represented as ; 𝒗 = 𝟓 𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟔 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟔𝟐𝟖𝟎𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝟏𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝒕
volts. ( a) what are the minimum and maximum amplitudes of AM wave? ( b)
What frequency components are contained in the modulated wave and what is the
amplitude of each component?
MODULATION TECHNIQUES 4
…… CNTD.
MODULATION TECHNIQUES 6
5. An audio signal of 1 KHz is used to modulate a carrier 500 KHZ.
Determine side band frequencies and band width required.
MODULATION TECHNIQUES 7
6. For an AM modulator carrier frequency is 100 KHz and maximum
modulating signal frequency is 5 KHz. Determine ( a) frequency limits for the
upper and lower side bands. ( b) Band width ( c) Upper and lower side
frequencies produced when the modulating signal is a single frequency 3Khz
tone. (d) draw the out put frequency spectrum
Solution : (a) the lower sideband extends from the lowest possible lower side
frequency to the carrier frequency , LSB = [ fc – fm(max)] to fc
= [ 100 – 5]KHz to 100 KHz
= 95 KHz to 100 KHz
the upper sideband extends from carrier frequency to the lowest possible upper
side frequency, USB = fc to [ fc + fm(max)]
= 100 KHz to [ 100 + 5] KHz
= 100 KHz to 105 Khz
MODULATION TECHNIQUES 8
( b) the band width is equal to = 2 fm(max) = 2 ( 5KHZ) = 10KHz
( c) The upper side frequency is the sum of carrier and modulating frequency
= 100 KHz + 3 KHz = 103 KHZ
The lower side frequency is the difference between carrier and modulating
frequency,= 100 KHz – 3 KHz = 97 Khz
9
MODULATION TECHNIQUES
7. One input to AM modulator is 500 KHZ carrier with an amplitude 20Vp The
second input is a 10KHZ signal with amplitude to cause a change in out put wave
of 7.5Vp. Determine ( a) Upper and lower side frequencies ( b) Modulation
coefficient and percentage modulation ( c) peak amplitude of the modulated
carrier and upper and lower side frequency voltages. ( d) maximum and
minimum amplitude of the envelope.
Solution : ( a) The upper and lower side frequencies are simply the sum and difference frequencies
fusb = 500 + 10 = 510 KHz
f LSB = 500 – 10 = 490 KHz
( b) modulation coefficient , m = 7.5 / 20 = 0.375
Percentage modulation = 37.5%
( c) The peak amplitude of the carrier and the upper and lower side band frequencies is; EUSB =
ELSB = mEc / 2 = [ (0.375) ( 20) ]/ 2 = 3.75 V
(d) The maximum and minimum amplitudes of the envelop are ;
Vmax = Ec + Em = 20 + 7.5 = 27.5 V
Vmin = Ec - Em = 20 - 7.5 = 12.5 V
MODULATION TECHNIQUES 10
8. A modulating signal 10sin ( 2π x 103t) is used to modulate a carrier signal 10 sin(
2π x104 t). Find the modulation index, percentage modulation, frequencies of
sideband components and their amplitudes and also determine the band width of
the modulating signal.
Solution : The modulating signal is; 10sin ( 2π x 103t) therefore comparing with
the standard equation Em = 10V fm = I KHz , Ec = 10V , fc = 10Khz.
Modulation index m = Em / Ec = 10/10= 1 ; Percentage modulation = 100%
Frequencies of sideband components;
fUSB = 10 + 1 = 11 KHz
fLSB = 10 – 1 = 9 KHz.
Amplitude of side band frequencies = (mEc) / 2 = ( 0.5 x 10) / 2 = 2.5V
MODULATION TECHNIQUES 11
9. Consider the message signal X(t) = cos ( 2πt) volt and carrier wave
c(t) = 50 cos ( 100πt) Obtain an expression of AM for m = 0.75
MODULATION TECHNIQUES 12
10. In Am modulating signal frequency is 100KHz and carrier
frequency is 1MHz. Determine the frequency components of side bands.
MODULATION TECHNIQUES 13
11. An AM wave is expressed as ; 10( 1+ 0.5cos 105 t + 0.2 cos 4000t)
cos 107 t. List the different frequency components
MODULATION TECHNIQUES 14
12.A carrier frequency of 10 MHz with peak amplitude 10 v is
amplitude modulated by a 10 KHz signal of 3 V. Determine the
modulation index.
MODULATION TECHNIQUES 15
REFERENCES
1. PRINCIPALS OF ELECTRONICS ----- V.K.MEHTA
2. PRINCIPALS OF ANLOG & DIGITAL COMMUNICATION --- J.S KATRE
3. ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS ---- W. TOMASI
MODULATION TECHNIQUES 16
THE END
MODULATION TECHNIQUES 17