INTRODUCTION

Organization is the structural framework of duties and responsibilities required of personnel in

performing various functions with a view to achieve business goals through organization
Manufacturing companies typically use traditional structures for organizing their resources.
These almost always involve departmentalization so that similar tasks can be grouped together.
Traditional structures are quite rigid, grouping employees by one or more functions.

"Organization involves the grouping of activities. necessary to accomplish goals and

plans, the assignment of these activities to appropriate. departments and the provision of
authority, delegation and co- ordination."

- Koontz and O'Donnell

FUNCTIONS OF ORGANISATION

• GOAL ACHIEVEMENT:
Organizations exist to achieve specific objectives or goals. These goals could be related
to profit maximization, market share expansion, societal impact, or any other desired
outcome. The organization's structure, strategies, and operations are all geared towards
achieving these goals efficiently and effectively.

• RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:
Organizations need to efficiently manage various resources such as human resources,
financial capital, physical assets, and information. This involves tasks like hiring,
training, and retaining skilled employees, budgeting and financial management, as well
as optimizing the use of technology and other resources.
• COORDINATION AND COMMUNICATION:
In order to function effectively, organizations must establish clear lines of
communication and coordination among different departments, teams, and individuals.
This includes setting up channels for information sharing, decision-making processes,
and ensuring alignment of activities towards common goals.

• INNOVATION AND ADAPTATION:

Organizations operate in dynamic environments where changes in technology, market
conditions, regulations, and consumer preferences are common. Hence, one of the key
functions of an organization is to foster innovation and adaptability. This involves
continuous learning, experimentation, and the ability to quickly respond to changes in
the external environment.

• STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT:
Organizations interact with various stakeholders including employees, customers,
suppliers, investors, regulators, and the community at large. Managing these
relationships effectively is crucial for the long-term success and sustainability of the
organization. This involves understanding the needs and expectations of different
stakeholders and finding ways to create value for them while also balancing competing
interests.

• RISK MANAGEMENT AND COMPLIANCE:

Organizations identify, assess, and manage risks related to their operations, finances,
reputation, and compliance with laws and regulations. This includes implementing
policies and procedures to mitigate risks, ensuring legal and ethical conduct, and
maintaining transparency and accountability.
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE
Organizational structure refers to the framework that outlines how activities are organized,
controlled, and coordinated within an organization. It defines the hierarchy of authority,
division of labour, communication channels, and relationships among individuals and
departments. The choice of structure depends on factors such as the organization's size, nature
of operations, culture, and strategic goals.

FEATURES OF ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE

• HIERARCHY:
Organizational structure typically includes a hierarchy of authority, where employees
are grouped into different levels based on their roles and responsibilities. This hierarchy
clarifies reporting relationships and helps in decision-making processes.
• DIVISION OF LABOR:
Organizational structure defines how tasks and responsibilities are divided among
employees or departments. This division of labour ensures that each individual or team
focuses on specific activities, leading to efficiency and specialization.
• CENTRALIZATION VS. DECENTRALIZATION:
Organizational structure determines the degree of centralization or decentralization in
decision-making. Centralized structures concentrate decision-making authority at the
top levels of management, while decentralized structures delegate decision-making
authority to lower levels or departments.
• FORMALIZATION:
Formalization refers to the extent to which rules, procedures, and policies are
established within the organization. A highly formalized structure relies on strict rules
and procedures to guide employee behaviour, while a less formalized structure allows
for more flexibility and discretion.
• INTEGRATION:
Organizational structure facilitates coordination and integration of activities across
different departments or functions. This integration ensures that various parts of the
organization work together towards common goals and objectives, promoting synergy
and effectiveness.
OFFICE LAYOUT

Office layouts require the grouping of workers, their equipment, and spaces to provide for
comfort, safety, and movement of information. The main distinction of office layouts is the
importance placed on the flow of information. Office layouts are in constant flux as the
technological changes sweeping society alter the way office’s function. “The problem of layout
relates to the arrangement in the space involved so that all the equipment, supplies, procedures
and personnel can function at maximum efficiency. The office layout is based on the principle
of division of labor. Office layout refers to the physical arrangement of furniture, equipment,
and workspace within an office environment. It involves the strategic placement of desks,
workstations, meeting areas, and other elements to optimize workflow, communication, and
efficiency. Office layout can have a significant impact on employee productivity, collaboration,
and morale.

LOCATION

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited,

HAL Bhavan No. 3,

Mayor Sathya Murthy Road

Chetpet, Chennai - 600031.

OFFICE EQUIPMENTS
Office equipment is a fixed asset account in which is stored the acquisition costs of office
equipment. This account is classified as a long-term asset account, since the asset costs
recorded in it are expected to be held for more than one year.

COMPUTER

Computer is used to perform some sequence of instructions in fast and accurate manner. It has
the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You may already know that you can use a
computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web. You can also use it
to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos Computer receives input in the
form of digitalized data, using input devices like keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner, etc. Its
process is based on a program instruction to give output.

WIFI MODEM

A modem is a computational device which is used to convert data into a signal. By converting
the data into a signal, it becomes incredibly easier to send the information over WIFI
connection phone line, etc. In the olden days, you could connect to the internet by using the
telephone line. In such cases, the modem converts digital and Analog data in real time.
CCTV

CCTV (closed-circuit television) is a TV system in which signals are not publicly distributed
but are monitored, primarily for surveillance and security purposes Older CCTV systems used
small, low-resolution black and white monitors with no interactive capabilities. Modern CCTV
displays can be color, high-resolution displays and can include the ability to zoom in on an
image or track something (or someone) among their features. Talk CCTV allows an overseer
to speak to people within range of the camera's associated speakers.

OFFICE STATIONERY

A stationery, precisely the office stationeries, is a group of commodities which is used to, or
which is needed to, do the office job for completing the office job, as per the requirement and
specification. Every office has to maintain certain records, both in the form of filings, and in
the way and method of information technology.
SCANNER

A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine pages
and similar sources for computer editing and display. Scanners work by converting the image
on the document into digital information that can be stored on a computer through optical
character recognition (OCR). A scanner is an input device that captures documents such as
photographs and text. There are basically three types of scanners: Drum Scanner: In a Drum
scanner, the light from the object that is to be scanned is split into separate red, blue and green
beams optically making the image precise.

PRINTER

A printer is a hardware output device that is used to generate hard copy and print any document.
A document can be of any type such as a text file, image, or the combination of both. It accepts
input command by users on a computer or on other devices to print the documents. For
example, if you have to submit a project report at your college, you need to create a soft copy
of your report and print it with the help of the printer.
TELEPHONE

A telephone is an instrument designed for the simultaneous transmission and reception of the
human voice. Telephones are inexpensive and simple to operate, and they offer an immediate,
personal type of communication. Billions of telephones are in use around the world. A
telephone converts sound, typically and most efficiently the human voice, into electronic
signals that are transmitted via cables and other communication channels to another telephone
which reproduces the sound to the receiving user.

LAPTOP

A laptop computer, sometimes called a notebook computer by manufacturers, is a battery- or

AC-powered personal computer generally smaller than a briefcase that can easily be
transported and conveniently used in temporary spaces such as on airplanes, in libraries,
temporary offices, and at meetings.