Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System.

Name: Magdelin Phiri

Student number: 202108427
Course: Physiotherapy
Submission: Blackboard

64.Adverse effects of oxytocin include:

1.Cardiac arrhythmia
2.Hypotension
3.Uterine rupture
4.Water retention
5.Inhibits smooth contraction
A=1,2,4. B=1,3,4. C=2,3,4. D=3,4,5. E=2,3,4
Answer: C
65.Hyperthyrodism results in:
1.Cardiac arrhythmia
2.Increased body mass
3.Decrease body mass
4.Nervousness
5.Excess heat production
A=2,3,4. B=2,3,4,5. C=1,3,4,5. D=3,4,5. E=1,3,4
Answer: C
66.Regarding the pharmacokinetics of thyroid hormones
1.T3 is not absorbed after oral administration
2.T4 is absorbed after oral administration
3.Food decrease the absorption of T4
4.Food decreases the absorption of T3
5.Both T3 and T4 are metabolized by the P450-system.
A=2,3,4. B=1,5. C=1,2,4. D=2,3,5. E=3,5
Answer:
67.The metabolism of thyroid hormones is:
1.Increased by phenytoin
2.Inhibited by phenytoin
3.Inhibited by rifampin
4.Increased by Rifampin
5.Not affected by phenobarbital
A=1,2. B=2,4,5. C=1,3. D=1,3,4. E=1,4
Answer:
68.Regarding glucocorticoids
1.Inhibit gluconeogenesis
2.Increase amino acids uptake by the liver
3.Stimulates protein catabolism in liver
4.Inhibit lipolysis
5.Stimulates gluconeogenesis
A=2,5. B=1,4,5. C=1,2,4. D=3,4,5. E=2,4
Answer:
69.Drugs classified glucocorticoids include:
1.Prednisone
2.Betamethasone
3.Triamcinolone
4.Cortisone
5.Bromocriptine
A=1. B=1,2. C=1,2,3. D=1,2,3,4. E=All of the above
Answer: C
70.Regarding spironolactone:
1.Use to treat hyperaldosteronism.
2.Inhibits sodium reabsorption
3.Use to treat hypertension
4.Hyperkalemia is an adverse effect
5.Hyperkalemia is an adverse effect
A=1,3,4. B=1,2,3,4. C=2,4,5. D=1,3,4. E=1,2,3,5
Answer: B
71.The following are long acting insulins:
1.Glargine
2.Detemir
3.Regular insulin
4.Insulin lispro
5.Insulin glulisine
A=1,2. B=1,2,4. C=1,3,5. D=3,4. E=2,3,4,5
Answer: A
72.The following can be adverse effects of insulin
1.Weight reduction
2.Weight gain
3.Hypoglycemia
4.Hyperglycemia
5.Allergic reaction
A=2,3,5. B=1,5. C=2,4. D=1,3,5. E=2,5
Answer: A
73.Examples selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM's) include:
1.Fludrocortisone.
2.Adrosterone
3.Calcitonin
4.Tamoxifen
5.Clomifene
A=1,4. B=3,4,5. C=4,5. D=2,3,5. E=1,3,5
Answer: C
74.Regarding the pharmacokinetics of thyroid hormone.
1.T3 is not absorbed after oral administration.
2.T4 is absorbed after oral administration.
3.Food decrease the absorption of T4.
4.Food decreases the absorption of T3.
5.Both T3 and T4 are metabolized by the P450-enzyme
A=2,3,4. B=1,5. C=1,2,4. D=2,3,5. E=3,5
Answer:
75.Regarding glucocorticoids:
1. Inhibit gluconeogenesis.
2.Increase amino acid uptake by the liver.
3.Stimulate protein catabolism in liver.
4.Inhibit lipolysis.
5.Promote gluconeogenesis
A=2,5. B=1,4,5. C=1,2,4. D=3,4,5. E=2,4
Answer:
76.Drugs classified as glucocorticoids include:
1.Prednnisone.
2.Betamethasone.
3.Triancinolone.
4.Prolactin.
5.Bromocriptine.
A=1. B=1,2. C=1,2,3. D=1,2,3,4. E=All of the above.
Answer: C
77.Regarding spironolactone:
1.Use in treatment of hyperaldosteronism.
2.Inhibits sodium reabsorption.
3.Is as an antihypertensive drug.
4.Can cause hyperkalemia.
5.Can cause hypokalemia.
A=1,3,5. B=1,2,3,4 C=2,3,5. D=1,3,4. E=1,2,3,5
Answer: B
78.Hypoglycemic agents include:
1.Prednisone.
2.Glipizide.
3.Metformin.
4.Acarbose.
5.Tamoxifen.
A=2,3,4. B=1,4,5. C=3,4,5. D=1,4,5. E=1,2,4
Answer: A
79.Adverse effects of insulin include:
1.Weight reduction.
2.Weight gain.
3.Hypoglycemia
4.Hyperglycemia.
5.Allergic reaction.
A=2,3,5. B=1,5. C=2,4. D=1,3,5. E=2,5
Answer: A
80.Examples of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM's) include :
1.Fludrocortisone.
2.Adrosterone.
3.Calcitonin.
4.Tamoxifen.
5.Clomiphene.
A=1,4 B=3,4,5. C=4,5. D=2,3,5. E=1,3,5
Answer: C
81.Match the following drugs (A-F) with the correct statement (i-vi).
(A)Prolactin. i. Suppress activity of the growth hormone. Answer:
iii
(B)Cabergoline. ii.Increase the metabolism of thyroxine. Answer: vi
(C)Octreotide. iii.Stimulate milk secretion. Answer: i
(D)Phenobarbital. iv. Glucocorticoid activity. Answer: ii
(E) Methylprednisolone. v.Stimulates re-absorption of water. Answer: iv
(F)Aldosterone. vi.Inhibits prolactin secretion. Answer: v
Match the drugs (A-F) with corresponding classification (i-vi)
Drug: Classification
(A)Detemir. i.Biguanide Answer : ii
(B)Glipizide. ii.Long acting insulin. Answer: vi
(C)Metformin. iii.Selective estrogen receptor modulators. Answer: i
(D)Raloxifene. iv.Androgen. Answer: iii
(E)Danazol. v. Mineralocorticoid. Answer: iv
(F)Aldosterone. vi. Sulfonylureas. Answer: v
82. Describe the action of calcitonin.

 Inhibits bone resorption and increases renal excretion of calcium.

83. Describe the pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine.

 Oral absorption varies from 50-75%

 In plasma more than 99% is bound to globulin, albumin.
 The onset of action is slow and serum concentrations change.
 Peak therapeutic effect is achieved in 3-4 weeks and activity persists for 1-3 weeks after
withdrawal of chronic therapy.
 T1/2 =6-7 days6
 Almost 30% is de-iodinated in peripheral tissues to triiodothyronine.
 Small amounts are metabolized in the liver and exerted in the bile.

84. Describe the drug interaction of calcitonin.

 May impact calcium levels or kidney function,

 Increase the risk of adverse effects or diminish the efficacy of

85. Describe the adverse effects of calcitonin.

 Flushing.
 Nausea, vomiting or swelling where the injection was given.
 Hives, difficulty breathing.
 Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.
 Lightheaded feeling, or
  Low calcium levels—muscle spasm or contractions, numbness, or tingly sensation

86. Describe the function of somatotropin.

 Is a growth hormone released by anterior pituitary and it stimulates:

 (i) cell proliferation and,
 (ii) bone growth.

87.Name the indications of somatotropin.

 Treatment of GH deficiency or growth failure in children.

 Growth failure due to Prader-Willi Syndrome.
 Management of AIDS wasting syndrome.
 Short bowel syndrome.
 Replacement in adults with confirmed GH deficiency.

88.Name two ACTH related drugs.

 Cosyntropin and Tetracosactide.

89.Name the indication of ACTH.

 Stimulates release of cortisol and adrenal androgens.

 Diagnose adrenocortical insufficiency.

90.Name the adverse effects of ACTH.

 Osteoporosis, Hypertension, Peripheral edema, Hypokalemia.

 Emotional disturbances and increased risk infections.

91.Construct a bar-graph reflecting the relative anti-inflammatory and salt-retaining effect of

short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting glucocorticoids.
92.Describe the drug-interaction of fludrocortisone.

 Furosemide and thiazide diuretics-leads to hypokalemia.

 Possible dioxin toxicity-hypokalemia increases the risk of cardiac arrhythmia.
 Hepatic enzyme-inducing agents such as phenobarbital, carbamazine, phenytoin, alcohol
and rifampicin may decrease the efficacy of fludrocortisone by enhancing its inactivated
by the liver.
93.Name the adverse effects of fludrocortisone.

 Dizziness
 Glaucoma
 Raised intracranial pressure
 Cataracts