SIMILARITY &

CONGRUENCE-02
CHISHA M PERCY
OBJECTIVES

PSBAT
• Identify similar figures.
• Calculate for missing sides in similar
figures.
• Identify congruent objects.
 Definition
• Objects which have the same shape but different
sizes are said to be similar.
• Two objects are said to be similar if:
i. The corresponding angles are equal,
ii. The ratio of the corresponding sides is the same
or equal.
• Two objects are congruent if they have the same
shape and size.
 Example 3 (2017)
In the diagram below, triangle AB // PQ. Given that AB=12 cm, AP = 6cm and CP = 3cm.

3cm P 6cm A
C

12cm
Q

Write down the ratio of CQ to CB in its lowest terms.

 solution
𝑃𝑄 𝐶𝑃 𝐶𝑄
𝑖𝑓 𝐴𝐵 ∕∕ PQ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 = = , hence similar
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
𝑃𝑄 3𝑐𝑚 𝐶𝑄
= = ,
12𝑐𝑚 3𝑐𝑚 + 6𝑐𝑚 𝐵𝐶
3 𝐶𝑄
=
9 𝐵𝐶
1 𝐶𝑄
=
3 𝐵𝐶
≫ 𝐶𝑄: 𝐶𝐵 = 1: 3
 Example 4 (2021)
In the diagram below, AE and BD are straight lines,
angle EDC= angle ABC=90°,BC=16cm,
A CD = 8cm and CE = 10cm.
D E

8cm

16cm

A B

Calculate the length of AC.

 Solution
Note that <CBA=<CDE=90°,
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛, < 𝐷𝐸𝐶 =< 𝐶𝐴𝐵
𝐷𝐶 𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐶
Also = = ,then ∆EDC~∆ABC.
𝐶𝐵 𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝐴
8𝑐𝑚 𝐷𝐸 10𝑐𝑚
So, = =
16𝑐𝑚 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
1 10
=
2 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐶 = 20𝑐𝑚
 Example 5 (2019)
The two triangles are congruent.

50°

12.5cm 11.6cm x

60° 70°
10cm

Find the value of x.

Solution
From the first triangle the angle missing is 180° − 50° − 60° = 70°
While in the second triangle the missing triangle is 50°
∴ 𝑥 = 10𝑐𝑚
Exercise 2