City Sanitation Service Delivery Assessment

CSDA

Index

Initial CSDA Input

Initial CSDA Graphic
Full CSDA Input
Full CSDA Graphic
CSDA Linkage to Action Checklist
Action Checklist

Click the boxes (hyperlinks) above to go directly to a worksheet, or click the tabs directly.

Introduction
What is the CSDA tool?

A Faecal Waste Flow Diagram (SFD) illustrates the citywide sanitation situation in a city, but not the
underlying reasons for that situation. The CSDA is a complementary tool to assess why the
situation is as it is. It supports a systematic process for working with stakeholders to assess the
enabling environment for Citywide Inclusive Sanitation (CWIS). It also includes an Action Checklist
to help stakeholders identify and prioritise immediate and follow-up actions to improve the
enabling environment for the delivery and sustained operation of sanitation services.

What is the CSDA User Guide?

The CSDA User Guide provides recommendations on how to use the City Service Delivery
Assessment for Citywide Inclusive Sanitation. The CSDA tool will need to be adapted slightly for
every city and context, so this is not a prescriptive step-by-step guide. Just like a saw or a chisel, it
is the skill of the user which determines the result.

Scores are entered using the drop down menu in each white cell or typing 0, 0.5 or 1 on the two
'input' worksheets.

By entering the city name and CSDA date at the top of the Input sheets, the information will
automatically copy to the graphic tabs.

The CSDA tool and User Guide are being improved as we receive feedback. If you download the
files again later there may be minor adjustments and improvements.

Colour blind users: The CSDA graphics include a second version with numbers

Inclusive Sanitation in Practice, UK, 2 Aug 2021

ISP@incsanprac.com
Back toindex

City Sanitation Service Delivery Assessment City name

Date

CSDA Initial Scorecard

Interface, Emptying,
Questions containment conveyance
Treatment, reuse Scoring
Sewerage Sewage treatment &
Sewered service chains WC, house connection
reuse
1: Sewerage services are officially defined and regulated
Are the institutions mandated to manage sewerage 0 0 0 0.5: Sewerage services are assumed but not clearly defined or regulated
adequately structured, financed and staffed?
0: Sewerage is not (yet) required within the urban area or not regulated
Operational costs are covered by user tariffs and other sources and able to
1:
expand the system to meet demand
Are tariffs and transfers adequate for operation and 0 0 0 User tariffs and transfers exist but are inadequate. Operational costs are
0.5:
maintenance and to expand the system to meet demand? partly covered, and demand is not met
0: Tariffs are minimal and operational budgets are unable to be met.

1: 80%-100%
What proportion of excreta discharged to sanitary sewers 0 0 0 0.5: 50%-80%
is safely managed?
0: 0%-50%

Toilet, pit Sludge treatment &

Non-sewered service chains or septic tank
Emptying & transport
reuse
Institutional arrangements are clearly defined, structured, financed and
1:
staffed
Are there defined institutional mandates for managing
0 0 0 Institutional arrangements are defined or partially defined, but inadequately
non-sewered sanitation, and are they adequately 0.5:
structured, financed and/or staffed
structured, financed and staffed?
0: Institutional arrangements are undefined

1: Non-sewered sanitation is officially clearly recognised as a public service

Are there legal and/or regulatory arrangements that
recognise sanitation services by non-sewered sanitation 0 0 0 0.5: Partial or unclear recognition of NSS
service chains?
0: Some types of safe NSS are explicitly illegal or NSS is not recognised

1: 80%-100%
What proportion of excreta captured by onsite sanitation 0 0 0 0.5: 50%-80%
facilities is safely managed? (Ref SFD)
0: 0%-50%

Inclusion Scoring
Yes, local leaders are committed to and starting to make the changes
1:
needed to implement fully inclusive sanitation services
Is the local leadership committed to an inclusive
0 Some local leaders are becoming interested or statements have been
approach aiming to deliver sanitation services to all urban 0.5:
made, but commitment is not yet translated to action and budgets
dwellers? The leaders are not yet really interested or motivated and there is no
0: significant action and budgets.
leadership evident
Regulatory and financial support for sanitation in informal settlements
1:
exists and is actioned
Are there legal or regulatory requirements and budgets 0 Regulatory and financial support for sanitation in informal settlements is
0.5:
for improving sanitation services in informal settlements? limited, due to unclear mandates or lack of action
There is no framework for public management of sanitation in informal
0:
settlements
1: Institutional arrangements are clearly defined, structured and staffed
Are there defined institutional mandates for delivering
0 Institutional arrangements are defined, but not adequately structured and
sanitation services in informal settlements, and are they 0.5:
staffed
adequately structured and staffed?
0: Institutional arrangements are not defined

1: 80%-100%
What proportion of excreta originating from informal 0 0.5: 50%-80%
settlements is safely managed? (ref SFD)
0: 0%-50%
Back toindex
Version with numbers for colour-blind people

City Sanitation City Sanitation

Service Delivery Assessment Service Delivery Assessment

CSDA Initial Assessment CSDA Initial Assessment

City name 0 City name 0
Date 30-Dec-1899 Date 30-Dec-1899

Sewered sanitation Sewered sanitation

WC, house Sewerage Sewage treat- WC, house Sewerage
connection ment & reuse connection

Institutional capacity 0.0 0.0 0.0 Institutional capacity 0.0 0.0

Recurrent funding 0.0 0.0 0.0 Recurrent funding 0.0 0.0
Outcomes 0.0 0.0 0.0 Outcomes 0.0 0.0

Non-sewered sanitation Non-sewered sanitation

Toilet, pit, Sludge treat- Toilet, pit,
Emptying & transport Emptying & transport
septic tank ment & reuse septic tank

Institutional capacity 0.0 0.0 0.0 Institutional capacity 0.0 0.0

Legislation and regulation 0.0 0.0 0.0 Legislation and regulation 0.0 0.0
Outcomes 0.0 0.0 0.0 Outcomes 0.0 0.0

Inclusion Inclusion
Commitment to CWIS 0.0 Commitment to CWIS 0.0
Legislation & regulation 0.0 Legislation & regulation 0.0
Institutions & providers 0.0 Institutions & providers 0.0
Outcomes 0.0 Outcomes 0.0
lour-blind people

ation
Assessment

ssessment

nitation
Sewage treat-
ment & reuse

0.0
0.0
0.0

sanitation
Sludge treat-
ment & reuse

0.0
0.0
0.0

on
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Back toindex

City Sanitation Service Delivery Assessment City name

Date

CSDA Full Scorecard


WC, house
connection
Pillar Sewerage questions
S.1.1 Policy: Is provision of sewerage services
(including household connections) adequately
supported by an appropriate, widely-known,
acknowledged and available national or local policy?
S.1.2 Institutional roles: Is responsibility for sewerage
Policy and
service delivery clearly assigned to an entity with
legislation
well-defined roles, responsibilities and mandates?
S.1.3 Legislation / Regulation: Are there national
and/or local legislation and regulatory mechanisms
for sewerage services, backed by any necessary
Enabling:
complementary codes, specifications, schedules
Current policies, etc.?
planning issues and
budgetary
arrangements S.1.4 Targets: Are service levels and targets for the
accessibility of, and connections to, sewerage
specified in current approved plans?
Planning and
budgeting
S.1.5 Budget lines: Are there annual and medium
term budget lines for sewerage, including both
software, and hardware expansion, operation and
maintenance?
1.6 Planning and budgeting: Is the policy, planning
and budgeting process for the provision of sanitation
Inclusion
services inclusive, according to the definition agreed
with stakeholders?
S.2.1 Investment plan: Is there an investment plan for
sewerage hardware and software, which includes all
the components necessary to achieve service level
targets (S.1.4) over the medium term?
S.2.2 Adequate funding: Are annual funding
Funding allocations for sewerage sufficient to achieve service
level targets (S.1.4) and are they used as planned?
S.2.3 Coordination Are there effective mechanisms
for coordination of sewerage investments between
donors; donors and government; and within
government?
S.2.4 Institutional capacity: Is responsibility for
Delivering: delivery of sewerage services mandated to an
adequately staffed and structured entity?
Capacity and
financing
mechanisms to
develop improved S.2.5 Autonomy: Does the entity responsible for
Capacity and
services outreach
sewerage have sufficient autonomy to address
identified priorities?
S.2.6 Outreach: Are there active programmes
promoting sewer connections, behaviour change and
community engagement?
2.7 Technology: Are there affordable, appropriate,
safe and adaptable technologies available to meet
the needs of women, poor and vulnerable people,
according to the agreed definition?
Inclusion
2.8 Funding: Are there specific funding mechanisms
to support appropriate, safe and adaptable sanitation
services to all users, including women, poor and
vulnerable people, according to the agreed definition.
S.3.1 Cost recovery: Are sewerage system O&M
costs known and fully covered by cost recovery
through user fees and/or local taxes or transfers?
S.3.2 Monitoring: Are there adequately staffed
Regulation and cost
institutions which monitor performance, health and
recovery
environmental standards for sewerage services?
S.3.3 Enforcement: Are failures to meet standards for
sewerage system performance systematically
monitored and sanctions applied where relevant?
S.3.4 Staffing: Does the entity responsible for
sewerage have sufficient qualified staff to undertake
adaptive planning of sewerage rehabilitation and
expansion?
S.3.5 Staff development: Does the entity responsible
for sewerage have an active and gender-aware staff
development programme and incentives to retain
workers?
Operating and Institutions and
sustaining service providers
Sewage treat-
ment & reuse
Sewerage
Evidence / scoring
(for each stage of the chain)
1: Policy is appropriate, widely-known, acknowledged and available
0.5: Policy is appropriate, but not widely-known, acknowledged or available; or exists only as a
0 0 0
guideline or strategy without legal force
0: Policy is not available, or inappropriate to the context
1: Responsibility clearly assigned to an entity with well-defined roles, responsibilities and
mandates
0 0 0 0.5: Responsibility unclear or ambiguous, or roles, responsibilities and mandates poorly defined
0: No entity with well-defined roles, responsibilities and mandates for sewerage exists
1: Legislation and regulatory mechanisms are comprehensive, in place and widely publicised
0.5:Legislation and regulatory mechanisms are comprehensive and in place, but not widely
0 0 0
publicised
0: Legislation and regulatory mechanisms are inadequate or do not exist
1: Service levels and targets are clearly specified and officially adopted
0 0 0 0.5: Service levels are specified, but targets not stated, or not officially adopted
0: No reference to service levels or targets
1: Annual and medium term budget lines for sewerage exist
0.5: Annual and medium term budget lines are unclear, poorly defined, or lack adequate software
0 0 0
components
0: No budget lines for sewerage exist
1: Inclusion is explicitly considered in policy, and required in the planning and budgeting process
0.5: Inclusion is mentioned in policy, but not explicitly or weakly required in the planning and
0 0 N/A budgeting process
0: There are no inclusion criteria in policy, planning and budgeting process
1: There is an investment plan, which includes all the components necessary to meet targets over
the medium term
0:5 There is an investment plan, which includes some (~50%) of the components necessary to
0 0 0
meet targets over the medium term
0: There is no investment plan, or one that is totally inadequate to meet targets over the medium
term
1: Funding allocations are sufficient and used as planned
0 0 0 0.5: Funding allocations are only partially sufficient or partially used as planned
0: Funding allocations are totally inadequate or not used as planned
1: Mechanisms exist and they are effective at coordinating investments
0 0 0 0.5 There are some partially functional mechanisms
0: Mechanisms do not exist, or exist on paper only and are completely ineffective
1: The mandated entity is well structured and adequately staffed
0 0 0 0.5: The mandated entity is not well structured or adequately staffed
0: There is no mandated entity, or it is very weak
1: Entity has adequate autonomy to function according to priorities
0 0 0 0.5 Partial autonomy from city authorities or national body
0: Integral part of the city authority or a national ministry
1: There are systematic programmes promoting sewer connections, behaviour change and
community engagement
0 0 0 0.5: Some outreach activities are being carried out on an ad-hoc basis
0: No outreach activities are being implemented
1: There are suitable options available to address the needs of most poor and vulnerable people
0.5: There are options that address the needs of some poor and vulnerable people, but they are
0 0 N/A not sufficient or complete
0: Options available to meet the sanitation needs of poor and vulnerable people are grossly
inadequate
1: There are funds, plans and mechanisms to meet the needs of most people, including the poor
and vulnerable
0.5: There are funds, plans and mechanisms to meet the needs of some poor and vulnerable
0 0 N/A people
0: There are few or almost no funds, plans and mechanisms to support poor and vulnerable
people
1: O&M costs known and revenue adequate to maintain the system well
0 0 0 0.5: O&M costs known and revenue covers partial O&M, at less than optimum level
0: O&M costs not known and/or revenue wholly inadequate
1: There are adequately staffed institutions which monitor performance, health and environmental
standards
0.5: There are institutions which partially monitor performance, health and environmental
0 0 0
standards
0: There is no institution which monitors performance, health and environmental standards
1: Performance standards exist, are monitored and sanctions applied
0 0 0 0.5: Performance standards exist and are monitored, but no sanctions applied
0: Performance standards (if they exist) are not monitored
1: The entity has sufficient qualified staff for adaptive planning of sewerage rehabilitation and
expansion
0.5: The entity has insufficient staff for adaptive planning of sewerage rehabilitation and
0 0 0
expansion
0: The entity has inadequate staff and is unable to undertake adaptive planning for the sewerage
system
1: The entity has a staff development programme and incentives to retain workers
0.5: The entity has either a staff development programme or incentives to retain workers, but not
0 0 0
both
0: There is no staff development programme or incentives to retain workers
Operating and Institutions and
sustaining service providers
1 The health and safety of sewerage workers is adequately protected and monitored
S.3.6 Health and Safety: Is the health and safety of
sewerage workers adequately protected and 0 0 0 0.5: The health and safety of sewerage workers is partly protected and monitored
monitored?
0: The health and safety of sewerage workers is not protected or monitored

1: Capacity-building is being implemented according to an agreed plan

S.3.7 Capacity-building: Are there on-going
programmes and measures to build the capacity of 0 0 0 0.5: Limited capacity-building is implemented on an ad-hoc basis
the sewerage service provider?
0: No or very little capacity-building is carried out

1: Sanitation services are expanding significantly faster than population, and the number of
people with unsafe sanitation is decreasing
3.8 Growth: Are sanitation services keeping pace with
population growth?
0 0 N/A 0.5: Sanitation services are more or less keeping pace with population growth

0: Population is growing significantly faster than sanitation services, and the number of people
with unsafe sanitation is increasing

1: Sanitation data is routinely collected citywide and used for planning services
3.9 Planning from evidence: Is sanitation data
routinely collected, including from women, poor and
Inclusion
vulnerable people, according the agreed definition,
0 0 N/A 0.5: Sanitation data is collected on an ad-hoc basis with incomplete spatial coverage
and used for planning services?
0: Sanitation monitoring data is rarely collected

3.10 Outcomes: Do the city's sanitation systems
ACTUALLY provide safe sanitation services for all
users, including women, poor and vulnerable people,
0 0
according to the agreed definition?
1: Safe sanitation services are affordable and available to all users, including poor and vulnerable
people.
N/A 0.5: Safe sanitation services are available to about half of poor and vulnerable people
0: Safe sanitation services are not available to many poor and vulnerable people, or this is not
known.

Scores 0 0 0

Non-sewered
septic tank
Toilet, pit,
Pillar
sanitation questions
N.1.1 Policy: Is use of non-sewered sanitation
services enabled by an appropriate, widely-known,
acknowledged and available national or local policy?
N.1.2 Institutional roles: Is responsibility for non-
Policy and sewered sanitation service delivery clearly assigned
legislation to institution(s) with well-defined roles, responsibilities
and mandates?
N.1.3 Legislation / Regulation: Are there national
and/or local legislation and regulatory mechanisms
for non-sewered sanitation, backed by any necessary
Enabling:
complementary codes, specifications, schedules
Current policies, etc.?
planning issues and
budgetary
arrangements N.1.4 Targets: Are service levels and targets for non-
sewered sanitation specified in current approved
plans?
Planning and
budgeting
N.1.5 Budget lines: Are there annual and medium-
term budget lines for non-sewered sanitation,
including both hardware and software?
1.6 Planning and budgeting: Does the policy,
Inclusion
planning and budgeting process address inclusive
(Carried over from
sanitation services, according to the definition agreed
left)
with stakeholders?
N.2.1 Investment plan: Is there an investment plan for
non-sewered sanitation hardware and software,
which includes all the components necessary to
achieve service level targets (N.1.4) over the medium
term?
N.2.2 Adequate funding: Are annual funding
allocations for non-sewered sanitation sufficient to
Funding
achieve service level targets (N.1.4) and are they
used as planned?
N.2.3 Coordination: Are there effective mechanisms
for coordination of non-sewered sanitation
investments between donors; donors and
government; and within government?
N.2.4 Institutional capacity: Is responsibility for
delivery of non-sewered sanitation services
Delivering: mandated to fully established and appropriately
Capacity and structured institutions?
financing
mechanisms to
develop improved N.2.5 Staffing: Do the mandated institutions have
Capacity and
services outreach
adequate levels of qualified staff to carry out their
mandates?
N.2.6 Outreach: Are there active promotion
programmes for safe non-sewered sanitation,
behaviour change and community engagement?
2.7 Technology: Are there affordable, appropriate,
safe and adaptable technologies available to meet
the needs of women, poor and vulnerable people,
according to the agreed definition?
Inclusion
(Carried over from
left)
2.8 Funding: Are there specific funding mechanisms
to support appropriate, safe and adaptable sanitation
services to all users, including women, poor and
vulnerable people, according to the agreed definition.
N.3.1 Cost recovery: Can non-sewered sanitation
service providers cover their full operating costs and
make reasonable profits from user fees and/or local
revenue or transfers?
N.3.2 Monitoring: Are there adequately staffed
Regulation and cost
institutions which monitor performance, health and
recovery
environmental standards for non-sewered sanitation?
N.3.3 Enforcement: Are failures to meet non-sewered
sanitation performance standards systematically
monitored and sanctions applied where relevant?
N.3.4 Staffing: Do the institutions responsible for non-
sewered sanitation have sufficient qualified staff to
undertake adaptive planning and implementation for
service expansion?
N.3.5 Staff development: Do the institutions
responsible for non-sewered sanitation have active
and gender-aware staff development programmes
and incentives to retain workers?
Operating and Institutions and
sustaining service providers
ment & reuse
Sludge treat-
Emptying &
Evidence / scoring
transport
(for each stage of the chain)
1: Policy is appropriate, widely-known, acknowledged and available
0.5: Policy is appropriate, but not widely-known, acknowledged or available; or exists only as a
0 0 0
guideline or strategy without legal force
0: Policy is not available, or inappropriate to the context
1: Responsibility clearly assigned to institution(s) with well-defined roles, responsibilities and
mandates
0 0 0 0.5: Responsibility unclear or ambiguous, or roles, responsibilities and mandates poorly defined
0: No institution(s) with well-defined roles, responsibilities and mandates for non-sewered
sanitation exists
1: Legislation and regulatory mechanisms are comprehensive, in place and widely publicised
0.5:Legislation and regulatory mechanisms are comprehensive and in place, but not widely
0 0 0
publicised
0: Legislation and regulatory mechanisms are inadequate or do not exist
1: Service levels and targets are clearly specified and officially adopted
0 0 0 0.5: Service levels are specified, but targets not stated, or not officially adopted
0: No reference to service levels or targets
1: Annual and medium term budget lines for non-sewered sanitation exist and include hardware
and software
0.5: Annual and medium term budget lines are unclear, poorly defined, or lack adequate software
0 0 0
components
0: No budget lines for non-sewered sanitation exist
1: Inclusion is explicitly considered in policy, and required in the planning and budgeting process
0.5: Inclusion is mentioned in policy, but not explicitly or weakly required in the planning and
0 0 N/A budgeting process
0: There are no inclusion criteria in policy, planning and budgeting process
1: There is an investment plan, which includes all the components necessary to meet targets over
the medium term
0:5 There is an investment plan, which includes some (~50%) of the components necessary to
0 0 0
meet targets over the medium term
0: There is no investment plan, or one that is totally inadequate to meet targets over the medium
term
1: Funding allocations are sufficient and used as planned
0 0 0 0.5: Funding allocations are only partially sufficient or partially used as planned
0: Funding allocations are totally inadequate or not used as planned
1: Mechanisms exist and are they effective at coordinating investments
0 0 0 0.5 There are some partially functional mechanisms
0: Mechanisms do not exist, or exist on paper only and are ineffective
1: The mandated institutions are fully established and appropriately structured
0 0 0 0.5: The mandated institutions are not fully established or appropriately structured
0: There are no mandated institutions, or they are very weak.
1: The institutions have adequate levels of qualified staff to carry out their mandates
0.5: The institutions have some qualified staff, but not at adequate levels to carry out their
0 0 0
mandates
0: There are no mandated institutions, or they have wholly inadequate staffing levels
1: There are systematic programmes promoting safe non-sewered sanitation, behaviour change
and community engagement
0 0 0 0.5: Some outreach activities are being carried out on an ad-hoc basis
0: No outreach activities are being implemented
1: There are suitable options available to address the needs of most poor and vulnerable people
0.5: There are options that address the needs of some poor and vulnerable people, but they are
0 0 N/A not sufficient or complete
0: Options available to meet the sanitation needs of poor and vulnerable people are grossly
inadequate
1: There are funds, plans and mechanisms to meet the needs of most people, including the poor
and vulnerable
0.5: There are funds, plans and mechanisms to meet the needs of some poor and vulnerable
0 0 N/A people
0: There are few or almost no funds, plans and mechanisms to support poor and vulnerable
people
1: Full operating costs covered and reasonable profits generated
0 0 0 0.5: Operating costs partially covered, with minimal profits or service quality compromised
0: Service providers are sub-standard or very few, because operating costs cannot be covered
1: There are adequately staffed institutions which monitor performance, health and environmental
standards
0.5: There are institutions which partially monitor performance, health and environmental
0 0 0
standards
0: There is no institution which monitors performance, health and environmental standards
1: Performance standards exist, are monitored and sanctions applied
0 0 0 0.5: Performance standards exist and are monitored, but no sanctions applied
0: Performance standards (if they exist) are not monitored
1: The entities have sufficient qualified staff for adaptive planning of non-sewered sanitation
services expansion
0.5: The entities have insufficient staff for adaptive planning of non-sewered sanitation services
0 0 0
expansion
0: The entities have inadequate staff and are unable to undertake adaptive planning for non-
sewered sanitation services
1: The entities have staff development programmes and incentives to retain workers.
0.5: The entities have either staff development programmes or incentives to retain workers, but
0 0 0
not both.
0: There are no staff development programmes or incentives to retain workers
Operating and Institutions and
sustaining service providers 1 The health and safety of non-sewered sanitation workers is adequately protected and
monitored.
N.3.6 Health and Safety: Is the health and safety of
non-sewered sanitation workers adequately protected 0 0 0 0.5: The health and safety of non-sewered sanitation workers is partly protected and monitored.
and monitored?
0: The health and safety of non-sewered sanitation workers is not protected or monitored.

N.3.7 Private sector capacity-building: Are there on-
going programmes and measures to build the
0 0
capacity of private sector service providers to deliver
non-sewered sanitation services?
3.8 Growth: Are sanitation services keeping pace with
0 0
population growth?
1: Private service providers are organised and capacity-building is being implemented according
to an agreed plan
0.5: Private service providers are not well organised, and limited capacity-building is implemented
0
on an ad-hoc basis
0: Private service providers are organised poorly or not at all, and no capacity-building is carried
out
1: Sanitation services are expanding significantly faster than population, and the number of
people with unsafe sanitation is decreasing
N/A 0.5: Sanitation services are more or less keeping pace with population growth
0: Population is growing significantly faster than sanitation services, and the number of people
with unsafe sanitation is increasing

1: Sanitation data is routinely collected citywide and used for planning services
3.9 Planning from evidence: Is sanitation data
Inclusion
routinely collected, including from women, poor and 0.5: Sanitation data is collected on an ad-hoc basis with incomplete spatial coverage or not used
(Carried over from 0 0 N/A
vulnerable people, according the definition, and used for planning
left)
for planning services?
0: Sanitation monitoring data is rarely collected

3.10 Outcomes: Do the city's sanitation systems
ACTUALLY provide safe sanitation services for all
users, including women, poor and vulnerable people,
0 0
according to the agreed definition?
1: Safe sanitation services are affordable and available to all users, including poor and vulnerable
people.
N/A 0.5: Safe sanitation services are available to about half of poor and vulnerable people
0: Safe sanitation services are not available to many poor and vulnerable people, or this is not
known.

Scores 0 0 0
Back to Index

City Sanitation Service Delivery Assessment

CSDA Full Assessment

City name 0
Date 30-Dec-1899

Sewered sanitation Non-sewered sanitation

WC, house Sewerage Sewage treat- Toilet, pit or septic Sludge treat-
Emptying & transport
connection ment & reuse tank ment & reuse

Enabling Enabling
Policy, legislation 0.0 0.0 0.0 Policy, legislation 0.0 0.0 0.0
Planning, budgeting 0.0 0.0 0.0 Planning, budgeting 0.0 0.0 0.0

Inclusion 0.0 0 Inclusion 0.0 0.0

Delivering Delivering
Funding 0.0 0.0 0.0 Funding 0.0 0.0 0.0
Capacity, outreach 0.0 0 0 Capacity, outreach 0.0 0.0 0.0

Inclusion 0 0 Inclusion 0.0 0.0

Sustaining Sustaining
Regulation, cost recovery 0 0 0 Regulation, cost recovery 0.0 0.0 0.0
Institutions, service providers 0 0 0 Institutions, service providers 0 0.0 0.0

Inclusion 0.0 0 Inclusion 0.0 0

 CSDA graphic with numbers for colour-blind people

City Sanitation Service Delivery Assessment

CSDA Full Assessment

City name 0
Date 30-Dec-1899

Sewered sanitation Non-sewered sanitation

WC, house Sewerage Sewage treat-ment & Toilet, pit or septic Sludge treat- ment &
Emptying & transport
connection reuse tank reuse

Enabling Enabling
Policy, legislation 0.0 0.0 0.0 Policy, legislation 0.0 0.0 0.0
Planning, budgeting 0.0 0.0 0.0 Planning, budgeting 0.0 0.0 0.0

Inclusion 0.0 0.0 Inclusion 0.0 0.0

Delivering Delivering
Funding 0.0 0.0 0.0 Funding 0.0 0.0 0.0
Capacity, outreach 0.0 0.0 0.0 Capacity, outreach 0.0 0.0 0.0

Inclusion 0.0 0.0 Inclusion 0.0 0.0

Sustaining Sustaining
Regulation, cost recovery 0.0 0.0 0.0 Regulation, cost recovery 0.0 0.0 0.0
Institutions, service providers 0.0 0.0 0.0 Institutions, service providers 0.0 0.0 0.0

Inclusion 0.0 0.0 Inclusion 0.0 0.0

 30-Dec-1899

Action Checklist Themes

Policy, legislation
Sewered sanitation Non-sewered sanitation

Promotion, user

and technology
and regulation

arrangements

Capacity, TA
engagement
Institutional

Financing
Planning
WC, house Sewerage Sewage treat- Toilet, pit or septic Emptying & Sludge treat-
connection ment & reuse tank transport ment & reuse

Enabling Enabling
Policy, legislation 0.0 0.0 0.0 Policy, legislation 0.0 0.0 0.0 l l
Planning, budgeting 0.0 0.0 0.0 Planning, budgeting 0.0 0.0 0.0 l l
Inclusion 0.0 0 Inclusion 0.0 0.0 l l l

Delivering Delivering
Funding 0.0 0.0 0.0 Funding 0.0 0.0 0.0 l
Capacity, outreach 0.0 0 0 Capacity, outreach 0.0 0.0 0.0 l l l
Inclusion 0 0 Inclusion 0.0 0.0 l l

Sustaining Sustaining
Regulation, cost recovery 0 0 0 Regulation, cost recovery 0.0 0.0 0.0 l
Institutions, service providers 0 0 0 Institutions, service providers 0 0.0 0.0 l l l
Inclusion 0.0 0 Inclusion 0.0 0 l l
Thematic Action
Basic actions Level Intermediate actions Level Consolidating actions Level
area focus
Review and update national sanitation policies to ensure all aspects of CWIS
N, L Disseminate and apply CWIS policies N, L Strengthen regulatory powers across whole CWIS service chain N
are addressed

Review regulatory framework for the protection of public health and Set norms / standards for public health and environmental
Overall environment
N, L
protection
L Regulate pollution of receiving waters N, L
Policy, Legislation, Regulation

Design programme to equip, train and motivate environmental health Strengthen enforcement of environmental and public health
N, L L
staff to enforce sanitation rules regulations

Review and establish or strengthen legal basis for regulation of FSM services N Introduce regulation of service providers L

Review and establish or improve byelaws addressing on-site systems and

L Strengthen FSM byelaws L
FSM services
Non-sewered
sanitation Formally recognize existing informal FSM service providers in
L Develop "one-stop shop" licensing arrangements L
regulations and legislation

Require and enable service providers to dispose of all faecal sludge Incentivise faecal sludge disposal at recognized sites and
L L
safely introduce sanctions for illegal dumping

Review and establish legal basis for regulation of sewerage services N

Sewered
sanitation Review and establish or improve byelaws, to ensure an obligation to connect
L Strengthen sewerage byelaws L
to sewerage if available
Institutional arrangements

Identify all CWIS stakeholders, form a coordinating forum for CWIS, Establish institutional framework. Coordinate NSS and sewerage -
Overall and define and agree institutional roles
N, L
possibly under a single entity
L

Formally agree local institutional framework for FSM, including Review (dis)incentives for improved FSM. Increase incentives for
L N, L Enforce disincentives for unimproved FSM L
mandates, responsibility & accountability households and service providers
Non-sewered
sanitation Strengthen institutional setup for FSM, including treatment
Establish responsibility for faecal sludge treatment and re-use L L
facilities and re-use options

Identify & agree local institutional framework for sewerage. Formally clarify Investigate reasons why users and utilities do or do not invest in Implement incentives and sanctions to encourage users and
L N, L L
mandates, responsibility and accountability sewerage utilities to invest in sewerage
Sewered
sanitation Ensure sewerage authority has sufficient financial and administrative
N, L
autonomy

Conduct diagnostic studies disaggregated by area and gender as basis for Develop plans to enhance treatment capacity and re-use
L Establish systems to monitor and evaluate service quality N N, L
planning technologies

Develop faecal sludge and wastewater reuse options for partial

Overall cost recovery
L

Strengthen monitoring of all sanitation services N, L

Planning

Responding to the SFD, make local plans for FSM services and associated
L Develop plans to enhance public access to FSM services L
finance and institutional arrangements

Non-sewered Allocate a safe faecal sludge disposal site (if not available) while Build / improve faecal sludge treatment facilities, considering
L L
sanitation planning and designing treatment facility reuse options

Advocate for FSM in national planning entities and sector ministries (works, Establish monitoring framework for NSS service standards – focus
N N, L
housing, health, environment, etc.) on FSM and onsite facilities

Sewered Build awareness of sewerage in national planning entities & sector ministries Establish monitoring framework for sewerage – focus on
N N, L
sanitation (works, housing, health, environment, etc.) connection rates and overflows

Identify the financing required to address service improvements to the Introduce specific pro-poor financial arrangements (such as Identify opportunities for financial flows generated from the sale of
L N, L L
poorest, women and vulnerable groups targeted subsidies) treatment end-products

Establish revenue streams (e.g. water bill surcharge, extra

Overall Develop costing and tariff models for sanitation N, L
property tax)
L
Financing

Identify funds needed for inclusive sanitation services and introduce practical
demand-led financing mechanisms

Non-sewered Build awareness and agreement around the budgetary requirements for FSM Develop programs with inclusive FSM funding windows and
N, L N Mobilize finance for faceal sludge processing, re-use and disposal N, L
sanitation services incentives for cities

Build awareness and agreement around the budgetary requirements for Develop and implement programs with sewerage funding windows
N, L N
sewerage services and incentives for cities
Sewered
sanitation Develop and implement improved financing model for sewer
N, L
connections

Consult users to identify sanitation needs and aspirations, taking account of Improve technical options and services, in response to user Expand on the range and quality of technical options and services,
L L L
housing tenure mix, ensuring women and vulnerable groups are heard feedback in response to user feedback
Overall
Engage with landlords and tenants on constraints to FSM and
User engagement

L Develop assistance and enforcement packages for landlords L Focus on enforcement of service quality for landlords L
sewerage services
Promotion,

Do formative research on reasons for open defecation, and develop Enforce use of emptiable facilities where space is in sufficient for
L Review rates of open defecation and adjust strategy as needed. N, L L
and start to implement a strategy to reduce it single-use (fill and cover) pits

Non-sewered Engage with manual emptiers and their clients to develop a strategy for Support transition from informal manual emptying to improved and
L L
sanitation phasing out unhygienic manual emptying regulated services

Stimulate customer demand/ willingness to pay for improved

Stimulate customer demand/ willingness to pay for safe FSM L L Stimulate market demand for re-use of faecal sludge L
onsite sanitation facilities

Sewered
Stimulate customer demand / willingness to pay sewerage tariffs L Formative research and sewer connection campaign L
sanitation
Map the land/housing tenure status (tenure “mix”), resulting sanitation
L
pathways and stakeholder relationships
pacity,Technical assistance,

Based on user needs and aspirations, identify technology gaps and pilot Develop a range of sanitation technology and market supply Strengthen sector capacity for services, including treatment and
Overall appropriate, affordable options
L
chains for all population groups
L
re-use markets
L

Develop sanitation options appropriate to the city's tenure “mix” within Scale up the use of successful sanitation options for tenants Strengthen tenure-status informed sanitation options in planning
L L L
Technology

planning frameworks and approaches (renters) so they can meet demand frameworks and approaches
Capacity,Technical assistance,
Technology
Identify scale of the capacity gap and TA required to address FSM service
N, L Build public and private sector capacity for city-wide FSM services N, L
needs
Non-sewered
sanitation Support service providers with promotion, training, skills development
L
and access to capital

Identify capacity gap and TA required for sewerage service needs, with focus Build public and private sector capacity for city-wide sewerage
N, L N, L
on connections and O&M services
Sewered
sanitation Repair broken pumping stations and leaking sewers, and improve
L
management to avoid recurrence of problems