5 Indefinite Integral

51 Introduction case, the sum of the infinite

definite integral, series (when
In
differential calculus we are Concerned with the methods of From the above discussion it is
inding the derivative (or integration has two view-points, Weclear that
he pro
function. Can we solve the diferential) of a differentable inverse of differentiation or else, we
infinite series whose may
may
each term is consider consider
derivative (or differential) ofaconverse
problem? That is, if the of an

the function having the given function known, can we ind

is
derivative (or
example, the derivative of the function y= x®diferential)?
its diiferential is dy - 6xdx ), Hence. it is
For
However, these two
fundamental theoremviewv-points are
of integral not it
the two view-points are identical,calculus,
is dx =6x (or with the
former view-point and the this
In can
book be show
easily understood considered in aseparate chapte. latter we Shal
iinndeitpeseinmdaelnyty sa
that the function having
is x6
In this case, the
derivative 6x5 (or differential 6x°dx 5.2
Definition iew-poini
mathematical method which
function y= from the derivative = 675 determines the Let fix) be agiven function of x. Ifwe can
dy = 6xdx ) is called
(or differential function F(), such that its derivative with
integration. The function obtained by equal to f(x) [or differential of F(*) is equal to atnocthtx
dx detreersmpeincet
integration from the derivative (or differential) of the function F()is defined as an indefinite integral
iscalled its integral. In the above example, the or anti-derivative) of f(x) with (or fx)dxl t primitive
to x andi funci
integral of dy fx) dx =F(x). In this case, respect
the process of is
findindeg notedt,
= 6x (or, dy = 6x5dx ) is y =xo.
Clearly, integration can be called integration and f(x) [i.e., the Fo
looked upon as antiderivative i.e., it is inverse
process of is called integrand; to signify the function to be integak
differentiation. We note that, integral sign is written before the integration
operatandion tt
given function
dy Aiferential dx is written after the given
dx
= 625, ify= x that x is the variable of integration. The function to indl
read as "integral of f)dx "
symbol fxát i
dy =
Again, da 625,if y=x+4 and dy
dx
= 6x5,if y=+c, Note
where c is an arbitrary constant independent of x.
The sign of integration i.e., is the initial letter otthe mui
Hence, it follows that if the derivative of a function = 6x (or 'sum' (in elongated form), since integration is deined ast
its differential = 6xdx), then, in general, the process of summation.
function is
+c. Therefore, it is evident that the integral obtained by
integration from the derivative (or differential) of a function IP)]=f) (or dF(*)=fr)dr,
contains an additive arbitrary constant. For this reason the then by definition, we have, |f(x)dx =F()
integral obtained as antiderivative is called an indefinite
integral, Hence,
From the historical stand-point integration means summation.
The origin of integration is in the effort of finding the sum of Since LP()] =f:) and [r)dx =F()
an infinite series whose each term is infinitesimally small. In
fact, such infinite series originates from the endeavour of
determining area of a bounded region and origin of integration Le, fr'()d: =P(a).
is the effort of finding the value of such infinite series. In this

306
 INDEFINITE INTEGRAL 307

e=e,
therefore, by the definition of But
constant
1 since,
ELAMPLE + an arbitrary
megration,
/edtet

=32, therefore, bythe definition Therefore, in general,

2 Since,
ELAMPLE ff ) and o ) are two functions such that

sinx = COSX, therefore, by the )-), then fy) -(9=c,

3 Since, dz
EKAMPLE where c is an arbitrary constant
sinx
integration, cosx dr = Proof:
ofi
definition
Integration
63)Constant of
Since,
constant independent of x and
arbitrary
an
I f ci s
=Ax),then (F(*) +c] =f(u). Or,

definition we have, |fr)dr =F(*) +c .(1) [where c and c, are arbitrary constants
Therefore,byde
Jf)dxis F(x) + c: here
The general solution ofintegral offx)dy and the fx) -*)= Cg-6|=c
indefinite -C = arbitrary constant)
cl is called an[which is independent of x] is usually where c=
constant c
arbitrary of
constant of integration. From (1) it is From this result it is evident that the indefinite integral of
forms by
relerredtoas the a given function may be obtained in different
values to the arbitrary constant c these forms will differ
thatgiving different different methods, but nltimately
obvious
values of /f(r)dx. This is the reason why from each other by a constant (Proved).
weshallgetdifferent
referredto as an indefinite integral.
li)dris
EXAMPLES
54 General Rules of Integration
Since,=
6x5 1 IA 0san arbitrary constant independent of
dx

by definition, f6x°ds =s x, then Af() &=Af)a.

/Since, -4) =6z5 Proof Let |fx)dr =F(r) +c, where c is the constant
of integration.
by definition, 6zdx =5-4. Then, by definition,

Since, dx o+3) =6r5

by definition, 6x dx=+3. Now, A is an arbitrary constant independent of x;
therefore,ALF) +c}l = A F()+ e] =Af)
And in general, if c is an arbitrary constant, independent of x,
then since, (+c) =6x : by definition,6x dx = +c. Therefore, by the definition of integraion,
fAR)dx =A;F(*) +c] =Af)das (Proved).
UNote
I c is an arbitrary constant, independent of x and 2 For any functions f ) and ),
LF()+c]f(), then by efinition,
Proof Let, •r)dz =pa) and o()dr =q)
Hence, Then, d
p(x) =f) and de 9) =O(r)
 308 Chhaya MATHEMATICS XI!

Now, Lp(*) ± q(x)]=p(+atx) =f:)+0 EXAMPLE 4

Hence, by the definition of

integration.
)te())d: =p(r)tq(x) 3.*3
-+ 4x+c
Note + 4x+ c
The rule (2) hoBds for more than two functions i.e., i f{ ()
f),(x) are n given functions, then UNote
I an indefinite integràl consists of a
sumor d
consatciafoenntrsetnainnciats),oCthATieIoSNrt
or more integrals, then instead of
for each integral we writing individual
write one arbitrary
AAgy A are n arbitrary constants, then result, equivalent to the algebraic sum of the
different integrals.
combining rules (1) and (2) we get,
fIAJ() tAf) t..tA,,9)1àr 2
=log +c(#0).

Fundamental Integrals Proof If x> 0, then logx is real

Since integration is the inverse of differentiation, the integrals and llogr+c)=!

of some elementarv funcions follow from the standard results
of differential calculus. We give below the integrals of such Therefore, by definition we get,
elementary funcions ; in each case, c denotes the constant Já= logr+ c
of integration.
Again, if x<0, then r>0
[when x>0]-0)
In{#-1) is a constant independent of x,
thend = t1 and
log(-x) +c]-)=
Therefore, by the definition of integration,
Proof Since, Jd=log(-x) +c(when x<0]- (2)o
d (xn+1 d
n+1 dx Combining (1) and (2) we get, dx =loglal +c [x+0)
(n+1)x +0 = ¢h (Proved.

Therefore, by the definition of integration we get,

Jrdr=*1-+c (Proved).
n+1 -+1
EXAMPLE 1 ar-c+e =2loglx +C-5. -+1
4

íntegration
3
(e, and Cz are constants of
EXAMPLE 2 (adte(ids -+c=c
+1
2
=2logic
Constant
EXAMPLE 3 (de= ar=tc=x+c [where c= G
=
 INDEFINITE INTEGRAL 309

[m(0) is sin mx ds COS Mx m#0 is a

tnndependent of x]. constant independent of x].
constant
V Proof Since,
Since,
Proot
dpmx4c=emz
dx m
m= emz d(cosm4c)=cosmx +d)
dx m
d

d m
definition of integration we have, ---m
m
sinmx) = sin mx.
the
by
Theretore,
eMx +c [m0] (Proved). Therefore, by the definition of integration we have,
m sin mxd=- c0smz +c (Proved).
m
INote)
have, fedx =e+c. UNote
m=1 we For m=l we have,sinx d =cosx +c
Fs

Im(40)is a constant independent of , EXAMPLE 7(2sin3x3 sinx)d:

henfady= =2 sin3x dx -3f sinxde
mlog a
=
[a1and a> 0]. 2-co8-3(-cosx) +c
3

=-fcos3x + 3cosx +c
ProofSince,
6
mlog,a dx cos mx dx= sin mx +C nm 0 is a

a .log,a- m= qmx Constant independent of x.

mlog,a
Proof Since,
[a#l, m#0]
d (sin mx +c = sin mz+
d
)
Lerefore, by the definition of integration we have, dx m m

amx 1
+c [m 0, a #1, a>0] (Proved). m coS mI = COS mX
mlog,a Therefore, by the definition of integration we have,
Note coS mx dx= m
sin mx
(Proved).

Im=1, then ad=loga +C.

Note
For m=l we have, cosx d, =sinx +c.
EAMPLE 6 2-3e2* +32)dx
EXAMPLE 8f(acos,- bcoss)d:
2 3-2x
log,2
-3. +C
=
af cos~d- bf cosx ds
2* 3
2log,3 sin
3-2x - bsinx+c = 2a sin- bsinz+ c
2 log,3 +C
 310 Chhaya MATHEMATICS XII

1. m secmx tanmx
7 m

sec mx dr =tan mx +e (m 0isa = secmxtan mX

Therefore, by the definition of

constant independent of x]. secmxtan mx dr sec mx
m
integr+cati(Proved).
on we have,
Proof Since,
dx
tanm mx+=m1.tan
dx
mu()
d
(U Note
For m= 1 we have, /secx tanx dx
m sec²mI =sec'mx
Therefore, by the definition of integration we have,
10
sec²ma dx = tan mx
m
+c (Proed). fcosec mx cot mx dee.
m0 s a constant
CO8ec mx
m

For m=1 we have, secr dr= tanx +c.

Proof Since, independent
d cosecmxE+c=,d
m d:COsecmx+
d
8
fcosecmr d= cotmmc[m+0 is m
m cosecmx cotmr)
a constant independent of x]. = COSec mx Cot mx
Therefore, by definition of integration we have
( Proof Since cosec mx cotmx dñ= cOsecmx
cot mx +c = -
m +c (Proved).
dr m m dx
U Note
-m
m
cosec²mx)
For m=1 we have, cosec cotx dc=-cosecx tc
= cosec²mx
Therefore, by the definition of integration we have, EXAMPLE 10 (3 sec3xtan3x -2cosec2xcot2x)d:
Cot mx
cosec²mx dx =- +c (Proved).
= 3/sec3xtan 3x dx- 2 cosec2.xcot2:x d:
UNote sec3x
= 3.
3 2 cosec2r
2
+C

For m=1 we have, fcosec'r dx =- cotx +C.

= sec3x+ cosec2x+ c

EXAMPLE 9 (4sec?2x -3cosec²x)dx 58 Summarisation

=4/sec²2x dàt -3fcosec²x d 1/ F(*) +c] =f(*) o, d[F() + c] =fa)ds, tha
tan 2x
= 4
2
-3(-cotx) +c = 2tan 2x+ 3cotx + c F(*) is called the integral of fx)dx and is denoted
9 secmx f)dx =F) +c
sec mx tan mz dr = +C calledintegrata
m The process of determining F(x) is
integrand anu
[m#0 is aconstant independent of z] the function fx) is called the Constanto
c is called the
arbitrary constant
"integral of[
Proof Since, Integration; the /fx)dt is read as
dx
A secmx +c)=m dySecmx+c)
m dz
 INDEFINITE INTEGRAL 311
rl+1
6x+ 12logl -8. -2+1
1+1 -2+1+c

+c(n -1)
--6x +12logl ++c
[where c = constant of integration).
dr
=x+c
Tdx = logl +c Required integral is,
+C Jedz =e+c 3

amx
+ C 3
mlog,a log,a 3
=COSmx+C
dx
/sinmx m

cosX+ c
sinxdt=-
sinmx 3 +1
cosx dx= sinx+ c 2
cosmxdx= m =p. +c

tan mx -+1 -+1

secmxdx= + C
3
tanx+C 24²-2rgÁ+c
cotmx where c = constant of integration].
cosec?mxdx= +C
m
We have, +4x+x-6
B/cosec?x dx = - cotx + c =r(x+ 2) + 2x(x+ 2) -3(x+2)
sec m = (x+2)(+2x-3)
secmx tan mx dx= +C
m
Therefore, the required integral is,
20/secx tanx dx =secI+ C
COsec mx
(4x°+I-6dx=
x+2x
(+2)(*²+2x-3)ax
x(x+ 2)
coseç nx cotmx dx = - m
+C

2çosecx cotx dx = - cosecx + c

[assuming x-2]
D |llustrative Examples
EXAMPLE 1
- fxá"afa-/
ntegrate each of the following functions:
=+
2
2x-3loglx +c
px+qx+r (i) +4+-6 [where c =constant of integration).
(u)
2+2x U Note
See that the constant of integration is inserted when the
Soluion value of the integral is written using the formula of
integration (i.e., when the sign of integration is omitted).
Required integral is, Write only one arbitrary constant as the constant of
integration when the indefinite integral consists of a sum
dg=(-6*°+12x -84x (or diference) of two or more integrals.
2 In the evaluation of indefinite integrals in the following
examples we shall write c (or k) in place of arbitrary
constant of integration.
 312 Chlhaya MATHEMATICS " XIl
EXAMPLE 2 Required integral is,
(82+x-42-x
Evaluate: () 2e-3e4
p3x 2x+3

() re2logr elogr
() 2log*logr

Solution
fze-3ear =2/dr -3
e3x
= 8" 22x
2l0g2 -2.23;
4-222 2-3x
log,2
e-3x
= 2e"-3.+4a -+C
-1 log2tc
=2e+3e*-ec
d= e.e+esx e UNote
e* +e e+eX In the solutions of (i) and (it))of Ex. 3 we
amx
have used the ioT
e+e
-+c
mlog,a
Clearly, elogx =x, e2log* =elogr
EXAMPLE
and e-logx = logxl_! Eyaluate:

y2_1
re2logxe-logx -dx
e2logx elogx (i) sin3r sin4.x dx (iv) sin?3r cos4x d
V sinx cos3x sin 5 dr
(x-1) (x-1)
Solution
* *+loglx
+2+ 1
+c = X+ log|x-+c fcos2x ds =;f2cos?2x dx =fa+cossk
-2+1

EXAMPLE 3
Find the integrals of
=x+sin4r |+c
(i) 32*2.3* +6 () 82 +*42-* 4
3* 2*+3
i/Since, sin 3x= 3sinx - 4sin®x;
Solution Therefore, 4sin®x = 3sinx sin 3x
Required integral is,

3*
-f(3sinx-sin3e) de

3* 3-*
-2x+6. +c
log,3 (-1)log,3
3X 6-3-X
-2x- +C Lcos3*+k
log3 log,3 =-cosx
4
+12
 INDEFINITE INTEGRAL 313

differentiation operation helo us to obtain the derivative o a

2sin3xsin4xdu differentiable function. But integration operation involves no
Such general rules for obtaining the integrals of any integrable
2
-(cosz- cos7:)d« function. This operation is basically a tentative method and
aims at reducing the given integral to one of the fundamental
or known integrals. Besides, we have at our disposal two
principal methods viz. The method of substitution and
-sinx-S+* integration by parts for evaluating the integrals of an
integrable function but these methods are not applicable to all
integrable functions. For example, we cannot evaluate integrals
sin7x+ k
sinx-14
2
cos4xde
of the type
=;/2sin3x de or, sinx dx
- cos4x dx that is, these integrals cannot be reduced to an elementary
cos4xdr function by the above methods, though the integrals exist.
-cos6x)
-iJ2cos6xcos4xde EXAMPLE 5
/cos4rde
-/(cosl0x +cos2:x)d: tant do (i1) sec20 cosec0 do
Evaluate 0) cot6
+C
10
Solution
8
Required integral is,
(tan de = tan?o de
=;cos3x(2sinx sin 5z)dy cot
lsnx cos3xsin5x dt =f(seco- 1)de =(sec²o de-fde
dx
=;/cos3x( cos4x- cos6x) = tan-+c

cos6:x)d: Required integral is,

/(2 cos3x cos4x -2 cos3x ('sec?o cosec?0 de = de
sin?0 cos?0
cOSx)- (cos9x +cos3x) ldx (sin0 +cos°b a0
sin²0 cos29
Hos7: dx +f cosx dy- Jcos9xdx -fcos3x de|
=Jeosz0 sin?0 +

sin7 sing- sinsx_ sa+c = | (sec20+ cosec20) de

7 3

= tan- cote + c
Mote
We have at our disposal integrals of the forms EXAMPLE 6
sinmx
sin mx dx =-oSx and cosmx dx = dr
m m Bvaluate: 0 s ) - sins
lherelore, to integrate functions of the forms sin, cos,
|Six, cosx etc. we must reduce them in the form sinmX Or
CO5mx using formulæ of the types sin2x, cos2, sin3, Soluion
US3r etc. Similarly, to integrate a function in the form of -dx
uduct of tWO or more sine or cosine or + cos
re to reduce the product in the sine-cosine terms we
oitwo or form of sum or difference [multiplying num. and deno. by (1- cosx) }
more sine or cosine terms using the formulae of
transtormofation of product into sum Or difference see the coSX x
sinx
lutions
nthis integrals in Example 4) = Jcosec²xdx -|cosecx cotx de
between Connection
the two
we
mention
operations
here the basic difference
cotx -(-cosecx) + c
mtegraton. The
fundamental
viz. differentiation and
laws and chain rule of cotx +COsecx+c
 314 Chlay MATHEMATICS XII
1+ sinx
1- sinx EXAMPLE 8
1- sin2x
Integrate:
[multiplying num. and deno by (1 + sina) )
) cos20-cos2a
-1+ sinx sina sine
cos?
= sec?xd+ / secx tanx ds
= tanx+ secI+c
Solution
Required integral is,
cos 20 -- cos2a
1-20 sA
EXAMPLE 7
Evaluate:
sina - sin0
(l-2sin8) -(1-2sln.
sin a -
- r2(sin²a- sin²e)sin0
sina - sin 0 de
= 2/ (sina + sin0) de
[NCERT)
=
2[ sina do + sind
= do]
2[ sina.0+(-cose)]+c
OSolution =
|W1+ cos 2a dr = |N2cos²x dr 2(0sina cos0) +c
Required integral is,
2/ cos dr= 2sinx +c [Cos70 + cos 50 sin
sin 40(cos70
1-2cos 40 +
40 -2sin 40 cos50)
cos40
Sinx

l+ COsx
d = (l-cos²x dr
WI+ cosx
Smultiplying num. and by
rsin40(cos70 + deno. sing:
=

sin 4 cos50)
sin 80
cosx dx
(2sin 20 cos2e(2 cos6lcos)
-2 cos60 sin20 d
-J2sin" d = -2cos 20 cose de
cos
+C
=-(cos30 +cose) de
= - + sin@ +c
= -2/2cos+c EXAMPLE 9
Evaluate:
Since, 1 + sin cos2 + sin2+2sin
4 4~cos 4 () (cos2x +sinz dy (i1) (os (1- 3cos?r) dt
1+2sinx sinr
2
cos+ sin =cos+ sin
4
OSolution
Therefore, +sin ~ax = f( cos +sin )dx (cos 2x + sinx dx = [l-2sinx +sinx d
1+2sinx 1+2sinx
rl+2sinx sinx- 2sinr
sin cos l+2sinx
4 4
+k
4 2sinx)(l- sin)t
1+2sinx
cosx+t
=
4 sin-cos)+k =(1- sinx) dx = x+
 INDEFINITE INTEGRAL CRAL315
-3 (cosx
coSX dx -3 cos +sin, 1+tan
-3cos'r)dr sin²x sinx
-3/(l-sin)d cos~- sin 1-tan,
/cosecxcotxdt sinx (Dividing nume. and deno. by cos;)
+sin2rld.
[cosec´r- 2 tan 4 +tan;
cosecr-3/ -2fde - tan(+)
3/cosec'rdát 1- tan~tan;
.-coseCK-
ftan-'( secx +tanx)dz = tan- tan+)d
+ 6r
cotr
COSeCI+ 3
-- 3 sin 2x
cOsecI+3cotr+6x
+2
+C
TZ4+c
4 4
- +c
++sin2x EXAMPLE 11
cosecx+ 3cotr 4
.- Evaluate:
EXAMPLE10
-sinz (CBSE '03, "06]
auate: 1+ sinx

tan(secx +tan.x)du. [CBSE '03] Solution We have,

1- sinx =cos?+
2 sin?-2sin~cos
Solution 2co_2
2

I/Wehave,
1+ cOSX
= cot -(o-ein)"
sinx
2sin~cos
tan-/1+ CoS tan-l cot 2
sinx
Similarly, J1+ sinz = cos~+ sin
- tan-'tan 1- sinx sinx cos- sin
W1+ sinx S1+ sinx cos;
sinx +sin
1- tan tan- tan
l+ tan, 1+ tantan,

We sinx
have, secx+tanx = 1 sinx -l+sinx de
COSX COSX COSX

0T, secx +tanX= cos+sin+2cos;sin

cos%- sin
(cosj* sini)
1 x2
(coxj +sin(cos- sin 2 2
+c=
4 4
 316 Clhhaya MATHEMATICS XIl
EXAMPLE 12
Find the function
whose derivattve is 3sinxcos2sinr. C

Solution Let the required function be y. Then, by Or, x= ce' [where c is

the
question we have, constant
Hence, the equation of the family of

By the
dy =3 sin a
dx cos2x- sin'x
definition of integration we get,
EXAMPLE 14
The slope of a curve at
(*, y) in
through the point (3, 8).Find
of
integration
CUrves is x

y = (3 sinx cos²x-
sin³x)dx
= {|3 sin x(l - sin2x) -
sinx]dx dy
)Solution We know that the (2)equation and
the
of
slope of a theo
= |(3sinx- 4sin³x) dx dx
Curve at(x
= |sin 3 du Hence, by the problem we get, dy
Cos3x Therefore, by the definition of
dx =2-2
3
+c where c = constant of
integration integration have,
y=f(-2) dx = x*ax -2fdr
we
Therefore, the required function is -cos3x +c. Or
y=-2.x+ c
EXAMPLE 13
Ir - at any point (x,y) [where c is the
ona curve, find the equation By question, the curve (1) constant of
poinintteg(3a,t0rn),
of the family of curves. passes through the
33
8=-2
3 x3 +c=3+c
Solution Since, dx - , therefore, by the definition of Or. C=5
integration, we have,
Therefore, the equation of the required curve is.
y=dr= log*-logC =log y=~r-2x+5 (putting c=5 in (1)).

Mutiple Choice Type Questions

EXERCISE5
Eachquestioncarries 4. sec²x cosecxdx is a function of
A tanx sinx
mark
COSX D none of these
Choose the correct option » 5. The value of cot?0de is
1. dx is equal to- A cot0 0 B -cot0 +0 +c
nxn-1 ©) cot + +c -cote - 0+ c
+C
n+1
6. To evaluate sinxdx we are to use the formula o'
+c When n #-1 O none of these
sin 2x B cos 2x
2. If k is a constant, then the integral of k w.r.t. x is C tan 2x
D none of these

A+c B kx kx+ c kx2+c 7. The value of sinx° dx is

180 cOsx°+c
3. If Y=6x, then y= A cOsx° +c )
dx 180
cosx° +C
6 3x2 6x2 180 cosx° +C 180
 INDEFINITE INTEGRAL 317

cosecmnx
(vi) cosecmx cotmx dx =- m
ofx and c is
the
ralue
off23dis constant independent
where m #0 is a
23+ C an arbitrary constant.
:
3log2 integration find y in terms of x
3log2 x 23*4c 3. Using the definition of
b)dx
(1) -312+2 (1) dy= (ax+
3X2+c dz
log2 b1ag"dri s
offe (iii) dy =2sin 2x
value p5logx+c ©+c +c dx
The 5
6
Slogr 5logx
(iv) dz = Jx:given y=3, when x=4
equalto- following functions w.I.t. x :
is 4. Integrate each of the
n
+logl +c (1) : (i1) 2
@r+logl+c
function is J . then the
function is-
derivative of a
(ii) - 2x2+5
Ifthe
3
1
3Jx
(v) (x+3)(*-5) (vi)
value of yi
=3r-2,then the
-2x 5. Evaluate:
r-2xtc
-2x2 +c ) felogdx (H)
©-2x+c
(cosec2x cot2x) d is (iv)(e2ogx 2e-3logx ydx
BThevalueof / e*+e-x
i 2cot2x+c
A-cotzrc
2
D cosec2x +C
-2cosec2x +c 2
Integrate :
secmx tan mx dx is
14 If m#0, then the value of (1) fr+4) ds
Amsec mi+ C Bntan mx +C

secm C
(iHH) (ezloga +galog) d:
m
m
7. Evaluate the following integrals :
2tanzdx
Questions
Eachquestioncarries (1) sin22x du Siü) +tan²x
WVeryShortAnswer Iype marks
(iü) secx(secx + tanx) dx [NCERT]

l.Prove that, (adr =;log formmula (iv) cosecx(cosecx - cotx)dx

C; Where a>0.Does the
hold for a=1? (v) fcosx° d: (vi) fcoLo de
. Prove by using definition of indefinite integral :
(vil) cos20 do (vi) J1+
l tan'
cotx
ax
)sinmx dr- COSTM* +c
m

() cosmx dy= Sin mx

+C (ix) (secx +2cot'x+ cos*xd
m COSX

(h)secmy dr~ tanmx +c (8) ( sec²:

m [NCERT]
cosec'x
(v)cOsec'x dy =- cotx +C
8. If =2x-3 at any point (x, y) on a curve, find the
)secx tanx dx secx+ C equation of the family of curves.
 318 Chlaya MATHEMATICS " XII

d
Eachquestion
carries () =
sinx tanx- secx c
Short Answer Type Questions
marks () Co8x =-(COSecx +cotx) +c
I. cosx dr
Integate each of the following functions w.r.t I :
() 3r-4x+5
(oil)
J1+ sinx =2(sin +cos +e
(s) (sin7x cos3x dr
(u)+
2 2,3
(iv) 12r-7r-10
3r+2
=20cos 10x + os4
(ix)cos 2x cos4x dñ= sin6x,
12 4
() -6r-9 (3) cos7xsin4xdu =¿cos3x
I-3

(vH) 4r51-1 (x) sin 7x sin3x dr=

(r-1)?
(viil)
2-x+1 sin 4x - sin
6. (1) The slope of a curve at (x, y)
10x +c
(b) 2r-7x+2 \is
2), 2x+1,
passes through the
point (-4,
2. Evaluate : the curve.
fnd the
whose slope equaim
Slogr4ogr (u) el-r (i) Find the equation of the
curve
Slog:_lo (x, y) is (-) and which
3. Integrate : (2, 1). passes through he
() (u) (7)l"z4gl-x 7. Find afunction whose differential is
yin
3X
8. If sinx cos-x d.,
(ui) -3-,ind yas a fncion of x;
given e
when x=4.
4. Evaluate the following integrals :

(u) /sinr de [NCERT, CBSE 2000, '04] Long Answer Type Questions Eachquestunczrid

() cos$x dr [CBSE '03]

Prove[1-14]:
(tv) coST+Sinz(1-sin 2x)e (v)
COSI- sinx
-3 sinzt
cos2x 1. sinx sin2x cos3x du=sin2x
2 sindr snôy
(vi) rsin°x +cos°x 4 6

sinx + cOSx
fl+ cosx 2. cosx cos2.x cos3x d:=x+Sin24
2 sin4x
4 sin6:
(vi) 1- cosx [CBSE 2000] 6

(vii) S* cos de 3. sinx cos2x cos3x dr=- cos2x_cos4x cos6r.

S1+ sin26 4\ 2 4:6
(i) ((cos²g-3cosésin e)de 4. sinx sin2x sin3x dx
dr
() [NCERT) [NCET
sinx cos2, o(6cos2x +3cos4x - 2cos 6:x) +c
(a) | (asin³x+ bcos°dy 5. sin'x cos2x dx = sin2x sin4x
sinxcos²r [NCERT)
4 -z)+c
(xi) (cos-sin'r (rii) tan- sinx dy [NCEH
S1+ cos4x | - cosx 6. f2cos?2r sin4x dx =-(4 cos4x +cos8x) +c
5. Show that: [NCEHI
7. (cos2x-cos2a
dx = 2(xcOsa + sinx) + c
COSX- COS
) 1+cosx dr =2.2sin ~+c sinx -
(1) I- cos2x du =- cosx +c 8. cos2xy=-(x+2cosx)+c
1+ sinx

(uI) J1 +sin2x dx = sinx- cosx +c 9. (cosx= CoS2 dx =x+ 2sinx +c

1- cosX NCERT

sin°x-cosly a=-sin2x +c
(tw) +sinx dz = 2sin,- cos)+c=2.h- sinz+c 10. ( 1-2sin2xcos2x
 INDEFINITE INTEGRAL 319
m
dEdx =-lsin2x+sinx)+c 14. sin mz sin nx d: (m² + n2]
cos
-2cos
3r -sln(m-n)x_ sn(m +n)]+c
sin 2x-2x +c m-n m+n
tanx+
fsecr
cos dx=
2rr 15. Find a function whose derivative is

o=-(+;sin2x+ cotx)+c () A-1

x(x-1)
(11) 22x-1424-2x

ANSWERS F
Multiple Choice Type Short Answer Type
3. 4. A
2. O
6. 6)
7. © 8. 1. () ?- 10x²+c (0) +2logld - c
11. 12.
10. 4 5 27
14. ©
Very Short Answer Type (iv) 2x-5x+ c (v)+3x +c

1 No
2x+c (1) y=+bx+c
() y=r+ (ll) 2 2x+ c (vl)+*+c
cos2x +c
() y=- (b) 2x-4logl+c
5 (u) 8-/+c 2. (0 +c (H) e-3+e 3x-l4c
()
5
+ 5x +c 3. ()
() -3*+12loglx ++c 24x 22x +X+ C
(H)
3 4log2 2log2
( ) - 1 5 x +c (vi)
4. () sin3z3
sinx + (u) sin 4x sin2x + +c
12 4
() eAx-e2x-3e+c
4
(n)Sind
4 2sin2x +3x) +c
(v)+c
(iv) sin2x+c (v) 2tanx- 3 secx+ C

2log5 (1) 4 +C
+log4 (vi) x*cos2r +c (vl) -2cot-x+c
() , xa+1
+C
(vili) 0+c (I) sin30 +c
loga
3) tanx- cotx +c (x) asecx bcosecx + c
|+c
(4) -cos2x+c (ail) (xil) +c

) tanx+ secX+C
(lv) - Cotx+ COsecx+C
(v) 180 sinx° +C
6. 0) y= +-10 (1) x+ logly = 2
(vi) -(cot6 +6) +c
(r) 1. sin 4x) +c
8. y =2/s(x-1)
+c
(vil) tanx -x +c
(K)
(x) tan-2cosecx
tanx -4x+ c
+
sinx+C Long Answer Type

y=3+C 15. 0+*r*logla +c(1) (22*-12l-2r1 +

 320 Chhaya MATHEMATICS XII

Sample Questions for Competitive

H Multtple Correct Answers Type
This section contains
CMatrix Match Type Examination
Each question in this section
5 multiple choice questios. Each
question has four choices ®,@,@ and ®out of which
one or more are
intwo columns which
in Column I are labelledhave to
as , be
Contains
labelled matchsatandde,ments Stawteh
correct.
1.
statements in Column II are ®, t
(coscosecrdx is equal to- 1. Column I
O

cotx- cot-lr+c
C -tan-lr-cosecx c
secx
C- cotx + cotlx

-ogtan"- cotx+c
sincOs xdr =

©4sin~coscos~cosxde = ( sin+c
(p) tan'x+e Column
2. If sinxd(secx)
=fr)-g(r) +c, then 2tan-2tan
fx) =secx fx) = tanx -dx=
g) =2x
3. If
g(x)=X
l= |sec'xcosec xdr=Acotx+ Btanx + Ccotx +D,
then tanx-dx =
A= E B=2
sec cos2x
© C=-2 O none of these 2. ColumnI
4. If (oS4x +1-d= Af) +B, then
Cotr- tanx ||1+ cos2xdx = Column I
B=! J1+ cosxd: =
(n)2/1- sinx+c
(a)-{cOSx- sin)+c
© fx) has fundamental period
|[41+sinzde= ()W2sinx +c
fx) is an odd funcion
O||1+ sin 2xdz (9) 2/2sin~+
A-224 and f0) = 0, then
fx) is an odd function fx) has range R D Comprehension Type >
f(x) has at least one real root Each set in this section contains a paragraph follusd
fx) is a monotonic function by questions. Each question has four choices 0,0,8
and O out of which one or mnore answers are corret
B Integer Answer Type
This section contains 5 questions. The answers to each 1. Let f(x) = tan- cos and g(x) = tan"-1/1-sinX
question is a single digit integer, ranging from 0 to 9 sinx cosx
(both inclusive).
1, If sin 2xsin 3xdy= Sn_ Snkz4c, then the value of k is-
2 10

2. If 1+ sinx = tan -) +b,then the value of Ais 2 4

dr
3. x2-3esec (2x-7)+c, then the value (1) fU)-g(*)}du =
of k is 2

.od=-sn2x+ots)
4.
sinx +c, hen the value f (H) fa)dr=
2
k is 2
4

these
5, If f2r7*dt =2x-nlogla -+c, then the value ofnis D none of
r34212
 INDEFINITE INTEGRAL 321

g() =sin7xsin
3r. E Assertion-Reason Type
3r and choices A, ®, 9
7xcos
cos Each question in this section has four
correct. Mark your
and O out of which only one is
sin10x+c 8 ;sin 4x+n sin 10x +c choices as follows.
Statement-II is
Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True;
none ofthees acorrect explanation for Statement-I
True; Statement-II is
l0x+c B Statement-I is True, Statement-II is
lsin4x+,sin not a correct explanation for Statenent-I
© Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False.
+o Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True.
10x+e ¡sin 4x- i n10x
o 'sin4x-sin 1. Staterment- I: [Sdx(x> 0) cannot be evaluated.
¿sin4x+sin10x +e differentiable functions can be
'sin4x+ sinl0x+c
10 Statement- II: Only
integrated.
2. Let F(x) be an indefinite integral of sinx.
10 sin 10x+ c Statement -I: The function F(%) satisfies F(x+ 1)= F(«)
@sin4xtc for all real x.
20
sin 10x+C Statement -I: sin(7 +x) = sin²x for all real x.
sin4x+c
ANSWERS
2. () -(s) --P) -(g)
2. , O 3. ,O
BL0,©, 5. , , ©, O D 1. () (ü) © (iii)
4 0© 4. 3
2. 4
3. 2 2. () (i) (i) ©
5. 4 E 1. 2.
L@-(g),(o), (s) @-(), (), ()
@*(g), (), (3) - ) , (r), (s)