‎methyl orange

‎Indicators ‎litmus

‎Bases+ammonium salts=ammonia ‎thylmophthalein

‎Reactions
‎Acids+ammonia=ammonium salts
‎Acid: a substance producing H+ while
‎Proton donor
‎dissolved in water
‎Cu(NH3)4
‎Base: a substance that neutralizes an acid to
‎Proton acceptor
‎自由主题 ‎form a salt and water
‎Cr(OH)4

‎Alkali: a base which is soluble in water,

‎Al(OH)4 ‎Cations ‎Definitions ‎producing OH-

‎Zn(OH)4
‎Acids, Bases and
‎Acid oxides: oxides which react with bases,

‎Zn(NH3)4
‎Zn2+
‎Salts ‎producing salt and water only

‎Basic oxides:oxides which react with acids,

‎potassium: lilac ‎Oxides
‎producing salt and water only

‎calcium: orange-red ‎Atmospheric oxides: oxides which can

‎behave as both basic and acid oxides
‎sodium: yellow
‎Flame test
‎lithium: red
‎Ion-testing ‎Metal+acid ‎E.g. Zinc+hydrochloric acid
‎barium: light green
‎Insoluble base+acid ‎E.g. Copper(Ⅱ) oxide+Sulfuric acid
‎copper: blue-green ‎Making salts ‎ aking salts of GroupⅠelements&
M ‎ .g. Ammonia+sulfuric acid=ammonium
E
‎Acid-base Titration
‎Ammonium salts ‎sulfate
‎AgCl: white ppt
‎Precipitation reaction ‎E.g. Producing barium sulfate
‎AgBr: Creamy ppt ‎Cl-, Br-, I- ‎Crystallization

‎AgI: yellow ppt

‎1. Add NaOH and aluminium foil

‎filtration
‎2. Warm gently ‎Nitrate ions ‎Anions

‎3. Pungent smelled gas turns damp litmus paper blue

‎Acidified nitric acid(to remove carbonates)+(BaNO3)2=BaSO4 ‎Sulfate ions

‎Acidified potassium magnate turns colorless ‎Sulfite ions