Câu hỏi về bài giảng có thể được gửi trong phần thảo luận

Q&A được lập trên website https://courses.uet.vnu.edu.vn/

References
1) ELECTRONIC DEVICES, 9th edition, Thomas L. Floyd, Prentice Hall
2) Semiconductor Physics And Devices, 3rd ed. - J. Neamen
3) Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 8th Edition,
Prentice Hall
4) Linh kiện bán dẫn và vi mạch, Hồ Văn Sung, NXB Giáo Dục, 2007
5) Giáo trình linh kiện điện tử, Trương Văn Tám, ĐH Cần Thơ, 2003.

Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunication Linh kiện Điện tử

University of Engineering and Technology - VNU Electronic Devices
1. Half-Wave Rectifiers (Chỉnh lưu nửa sóng)

2. Full-Wave Rectifiers (Chỉnh lưu toàn sóng)

3. Power Supply Filters and Regulations (Hỗ trợ cho

quá trình lọc và điều chỉnh điện áp)

4. Diode Limiting and Clamping Circuits (Mạch hạn

biên và Mạch kẹp)

5. Voltage Multipliers (Bộ nhân điện áp)

6. The Diode Datasheet

Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunication Linh kiện Điện tử

TS. Phạm Ngọc Thảo
University of Engineering and Technology - VNU Electronic Devices
Diode can be used in a rectifier circuit which allows to
convert the Alternating Current (AC) input power into a
Direct Current (DC) output power.

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 Half-Wave Rectifiers (Chỉnh lưu nửa sóng)

Half-wave rectifier.

Condution region (0  T/2)

Noncondution region (T/2  T)

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Half-Wave Rectifiers (Chỉnh lưu nửa sóng)

An average value determined by

Vout (t) = Vm.sin (t) if (0< t < )

Vout (t) = 0 if ( < t < 2)

𝑉𝑚
 Vdc = VAVG = = 0.318 Vm
𝜋
Half-wave rectified signal

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University of Engineering and Technology - VNU Electronic Devices5
 Half-Wave Rectifiers (Chỉnh lưu nửa sóng)

The effect of using a silicon diode with VF = 0.7 V on half-wave

rectified signal

Vm - VF

VF = 0.7V

Vi << 0.7 V: the Si diode is still in an open-circuit state  Vo = 0 V

Vi > 0.7 V: the Si diode conducts  Vo = Vm - VF

Determine the average value with a relatively high level of accuracy

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Half-Wave Rectifiers (Chỉnh lưu nửa sóng)

Vi > 0.7 V: the diode conducts  Vo = Vm - VF

VF

VF

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 Half-Wave Rectifiers (Chỉnh lưu nửa sóng)

Example:

Sketch the output Vo

Determine the dc level of the output

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 Full-Wave Rectifiers-Bridge Rectifier (Chỉnh lưu cầu)

Full-wave rectifier

Conduction path for the positive region of Vi .

Conduction path for the negative region of Vi .

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 Full-Wave Rectifiers-Bridge Rectifier (Chỉnh lưu cầu)

Vout (t) = Vm.sin (t) if (0< t < )

Vdc = VAVG =
1 𝜋
V𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 An average value determined by
𝜋 0

2𝑉𝑚
 Vdc = VAVG = = 0.636 Vm
𝜋

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10
 Full-Wave Rectifiers-Bridge Rectifier (Chỉnh lưu cầu)
The effect of using a silicon diode with VF = 0.7 V on half-wave
rectified signal

With Vm >> 2VF: Determine the average value with a relatively high
level of accuracy

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11
Full-Wave Rectifiers-Bridge Rectifier (Chỉnh lưu cầu)

2VF

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 Full-Wave Rectifiers (Chỉnh lưu toàn sóng)

Examples of Bridge rectifier diodes

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13
 Center-Tapped Transformer Full-Wave Rectifier

Center-tapped transformed

Conduction path for the positive region of Vi

Conduction path for the negative region of Vi

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14
Center-Tapped Transformer Full-Wave Rectifier

VF

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15
Determine the output waveform?

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16
 the output waveform is

2 2

1 2 1 Vo = ½ vi =1/2 (10V)
Vo = 5V
3
3 3
1 1

1 2
2 Vo = ½ vi =1/2 (10V)
Vo = 5V
3
3 3
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17
Block diagram showing parts of a power supply.

Basic capacitor filter

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 Vp (in)

Half-Wave
Rectifiers
with
capacitor Khi diode phân cực thuận, tụ bắt đầu nạp điện tích và tăng dần điện áp
filter

Khi áp đặt vào đạt giá trị cực đại, diode bị phân cực nghịch ngưng dẫn. Tụ phóng điện
qua điện trở tải
Vin (exceeds)
Vc

Tụ điện trở lại đỉnh của đầu vào khi diode trở nên phân cực thuận.

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20
Tụ điện chính là một thiết bị điện tử không thể thiếu trong các mạch
lọc. mạch dao dộng và các loại mạch truyền dẫn tín hiệu xoay chiều.

Tụ điện có vai trò lọc điện áp xoay chiều thành điện áp một
chiều bằng phẳng bằng cách loại bỏ pha âm. Tụ điện được cấu tạo
bởi hai bản cực son song, cách điện 1 chiều nhưng nhờ nguyên lý
phóng nạp để cho dòng điện xoay chiều đi qua.

Nguyên lý phóng nạp của tụ điện được hiểu là khả năng tích trữ
năng lượng điện như một ắc qui nhỏ dưới dạng năng
lượng điện trường.

Nó lưu trữ hiệu quả các electron và phóng ra các điện tích này để tạo
ra dòng điện. Nhưng nó không có khả năng sinh ra các điện tích
electron.

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21
Capacitor filter operation

Full-wave rectifier voltage Filtered output voltage

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22
Ripple Voltage Vr (RMS)

Approximate output voltage of capacitor filter circuit

where Idc is in milliamperes, C is in

microfarads, and RL is in kilohms.

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23
Comparison of ripple voltages for half-wave and full-wave rectified
voltages
With the same filter capacitor and load and derived from the same
sinusoidal input voltage

Larger ripple means less effective filtering

T

Smaller ripple means more effective filtering

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24
A half-wave rectified signal

A full-wave rectified signal

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Half-Wave Rectifiers & Full-Wave Rectifiers – Brigde Rectifier

The period of a full-wave rectifier voltage is half that of a half-wave

rectified voltage
The output frequency of a full-wave rectifier is twice that of a half-
wave rectifier

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26
Voltage Regulators (Bộ điều chỉnh điện áp)

Combination of capacitor-input
Input
78XX Output
from
rectifier
filter with integrated circuit
voltage regulator

Operation:
 the input to the regulator is
first filtered with a capacitor to
reduce the ripple to<10% 3 terminals: input,
 The regulator reduce the ripple output & reference
to a negligible amount
(acceptable level)

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Copyright Ikhwan H Muhamad, Universiti Malaysia PahangElectronic
© 2010 Devices
27
Voltage Regulators (Bộ điều chỉnh điện áp)

Percent Regulation – present the performance of

a voltage regulator
• Line regulation specify how much change occurs in the
output voltage for a given change in input voltage
 VOUT 
Line regulation    100%
 V
 IN 
• Load regulation specify how much change occurs in the
output voltage over a certain range of load current
values.

 VNL  VFL 
Load regulation    100%
 V
 FL 
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Copyright Ikhwan H Muhamad, Universiti Malaysia PahangElectronic
© 2010 Devices
28
Voltage Regulators (Bộ điều chỉnh điện áp)

https://components101.com/articles/what-is-voltage-regulator-
and-how-does-it-work

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29
Clipper and clampper

 Explain and analyze the operation of diode limiting & clamping

circuits
 Explain the operation of diode limiters
 Determine the output voltage of a biased limiter
 Explain the operation of diodes clampers

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Diode Limiter - Clipper (Mạch hạn biên)

A diode network that have the ability to “clip” (cut

short/crop) off portions of signal voltages above or below
certain limits, i.e. the circuits limit the range of the output
signal.
Vo Vi

2 general of clippers:
Parallel Clippers: Diode in a branch parallel to the load.
Series Clippers: Diode is in series with the load.

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Diode Limiter - Clipper (Mạch hạn biên)
Series Clipper

series configuration

variety of alternating waveforms

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 Diode Limiter - Clipper (Mạch hạn biên)
Series Clipper

Series clipper with a dc supply.

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Diode Limiter - Clipper (Mạch hạn biên)
Series Clipper

Ex: Determine the output waveform for the sinusoidal input

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Diode Limiter - Clipper (Mạch hạn biên)
Parallel Clipper

Determine the output waveform ?

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Diode Limiter - Clipper (Mạch hạn biên)
Parallel Clipper

Parallel Clipper with a DC supply

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 0 < t < T/2 T/2 < t < T

Open circuit Short-circuit state

Id= 0 mA  IR = 0V vo = V
vo = vi

If vi > V
If vi < V

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 0 < t < T/2 T/2 < t < T

Open circuit Short-circuit state

Id= 0 mA  IR = 0V vo = V
vo = vi

If vi > V
If vi < V

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Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunication Linh kiện Điện tử
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Clamper (Mạch dịch mức điện áp)
A clamper is a network constructed of a diode, a resistor, and a capacitor
that shifts a waveform to a different dc level without changing the
appearance of the applied signal
Clamping networks have a capacitor connected directly from input to
output with a resistive element in parallel with the output signal. The
diode is also in parallel with the output signal but may or may not have a
series dc supply as an added element.

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 Clamper (Mạch dịch mức điện áp)

Diode “on” and the capacitor Determining vo with the diode “off.”
charging to V volts.

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Ex: Determine vo

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diode in the “on” state

Diode in the “off” state

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Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunication Linh kiện Điện tử
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 Bài tập lớn

Nộp vào 15/04/2022

Tại phòng 706 nhà E3

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Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunication Linh kiện Điện tử
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Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunication Linh kiện Điện tử
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Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunication Linh kiện Điện tử
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Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunication Linh kiện Điện tử
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