LEGAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICAL

INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN INDIA

SUBMITTED TO:
MR. TARUN
ASSITANT PROFESSOR (RESEARCH)
GUJARAT NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY

SUBMITTED BY:
ISHA KATYAL (19A069)
SHRUTI CHOUHAN (19B157)

Gujarat National Law University

Attalika Avenue, Knowledge Corridor
Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat–382426
2023
 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine
Learning (ML)

In the context of Information Technology Law, it is crucial to understand the fundamentals of

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), as these technologies have profound
implications for various legal and ethical considerations.

Artificial Intelligence refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks
that typically require human intelligence. These systems can process large amounts of data
and generate intelligent responses or make decisions based on the patterns and trends they
identify. AI encompasses a wide range of technologies and approaches, including machine
learning, natural language processing, robotics, and expert systems.

Machine Learning, on the other hand, is a subset of AI that focuses on the development of
algorithms and models that allow computer systems to learn and improve from data without
being explicitly programmed. ML algorithms analyze and interpret large datasets, identify
patterns, and make predictions or decisions based on these patterns. As the system receives
more data, its performance and accuracy generally improve over time.

From a legal perspective, AI and ML present unique challenges and opportunities. One of the
main concerns is privacy and data protection. AI systems often require access to vast amounts
of personal data to learn and make informed decisions. These systems must comply with data
protection laws and regulations to ensure the privacy and security of individual information.

Intellectual property rights also play a significant role in the development and deployment of
AI and ML technologies. In some cases, AI-generated works, such as artwork or music, raise
questions about the ownership and copyright of these creations. Similarly, the algorithms and
models developed in ML projects may be considered valuable intellectual property assets that
require protection.

The use of AI and ML in decision-making processes can also raise issues related to
transparency, accountability, and discrimination. It is crucial to ensure that these technologies
operate in a fair and unbiased manner, especially when making decisions that have legal or
ethical implications, such as in healthcare or criminal justice systems.
Moreover, liability and responsibility in the context of AI and ML pose complex challenges.
As these systems become more autonomous and capable of making independent decisions,
questions arise about who should be held accountable when an AI system causes harm or
makes an incorrect judgment. Understanding the legal frameworks and potential liability
issues surrounding AI and ML is essential for addressing these concerns effectively.

In conclusion, the field of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning holds significant
potential but also presents several legal and ethical considerations. Information Technology
Law plays a crucial role in addressing these challenges, ensuring the responsible
development, deployment, and usage of AI and ML technologies while safeguarding
individual rights, privacy, and fairness.
 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

In India, intellectual property (IP) considerations are critical in the integration of artificial
intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) systems. AI technology development and
implementation frequently include the invention and use of novel algorithms, datasets, and
AI-generated outputs, presenting complicated legal issues including ownership, protection,
and infringement. This section delves into the legal aspects of intellectual property in AI and
ML systems, addressing copyright, patent, and trade secret concerns as well as reviewing
relevant Indian case law.

Copyright is an essential area of intellectual property law in the context of AI and ML. The
question of whether AI-generated creations, such as paintings, music, or written works, can
be eligible for copyright protection is a subject of debate. Indian case law, including the
Ferid Allani v. Union of India case (2014) 1, offers insights into the copyright ability of
computer-generated works. In this case, the court recognized that copyright protection can
extend to works created by AI systems, establishing important principles for protecting AI-
generated creations. Understanding the scope of copyright protection in AI-generated works
is crucial for both creators and users of AI and ML systems.

Patent law is also important in safeguarding AI and ML innovations. While AI algorithms

and models may not be patentable in and of themselves, inventions that use AI and ML
technologies to solve technical challenges may be eligible for patent protection.
Organisations creating AI and machine learning systems should carefully consider if their
discoveries fit the patentability standards under Indian law, which include novelty, inventive
step, and industrial applicability. Patents grant innovators unique rights, encouraging
continued research and investment in AI and ML technology.

Trade secrets, another type of intellectual property, are essential for safeguarding key AI and
machine learning algorithms, datasets, and sensitive information. Maintaining the
confidentiality of trade secrets is critical for organisations to maintain their competitive
advantage. To protect trade secrets in AI and ML systems, effective contractual agreements,
non-disclosure agreements, and internal security measures should be employed.

1
“ https://indiankanoon.org/doc/90686424/
Furthermore, incorporating third-party data into AI and ML systems presents new intellectual
property concerns. In order to use third-party data sets in accordance with intellectual
property regulations, organisations must ensure that they have the required rights and
licences. Unauthorised usage of copyrighted data sets may result in legal ramifications and
infringement lawsuits.

To traverse the complex intellectual property landscape in AI and ML, organisations should
establish proactive policies to preserve their intellectual property assets. This may entail
obtaining necessary intellectual property registrations, putting in place internal rules and
procedures to protect sensitive information, and doing due diligence to assure compliance
with intellectual property regulations.
 Legal implications of AI and ML in India

The legal implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in India can
be analyzed through the lens of the Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act) and other
relevant laws. These technologies are revolutionizing various sectors, including healthcare,
finance, and customer service, but they also present unique legal challenges. Below are a few
legal implications:

1. Data Protection and Privacy: AI and ML systems extensively collect and process vast
amounts of personal data. The handling of such data must comply with the principles
and requirements prescribed under the IT Act and the Personal Data Protection Bill,
2019. Organizations using AI and ML must ensure that they comply with data
protection regulations, including obtaining informed consent, implementing adequate
security measures, and providing individuals with the right to access and rectify their
personal data.

2. Liability and Responsibility: AI and ML systems make autonomous decisions and

perform tasks without human intervention. The question of who bears liability for any
harm caused by these systems becomes crucial. The IT Act imposes liability on
intermediaries for any unlawful content hosted by them. In the context of AI and ML
systems, liability may arise due to errors, biases, or discriminatory outcomes. There is
a need for clarity regarding the responsibilities of technology developers, operators,
and users to ensure appropriate recourse in case of AI or ML system-related harm.

3. Intellectual Property: AI and ML systems heavily rely on data training sets,

algorithms, and innovative techniques. Protecting the intellectual property rights
associated with AI and ML technologies is a significant concern. Copyrights, patents,
and trade secrets law might be invoked to safeguard AI and ML innovations.
However, legal frameworks will have to adapt to address the unique challenges posed
by AI-generated content and inventions.
 4. Ethical and Fair Use: AI and ML systems can sometimes make decisions that have
ethical and legal consequences. For instance, AI algorithms used in hiring or credit
decisions can inadvertently perpetuate biases or discrimination. It becomes crucial to
ensure fairness, transparency, and accountability in the design and implementation of
these systems, while avoiding any form of bias or discrimination.

5. Regulation and Oversight: The rapid advancement of AI and ML technologies

necessitates regulatory frameworks to ensure their responsible and ethical use. Policy
makers need to strike a balance between enabling innovation and protecting society
from potential negative consequences. The IT Act may need amendments or
additional regulations to effectively govern AI and ML systems, addressing issues
such as privacy, cybersecurity, liability, and consumer protection.

In conclusion, the legal implications of AI and ML in India, as viewed through the prism of
the IT Act, encompass areas such as data protection, liability, intellectual property, ethical
use, and regulation. Adequate legal frameworks and discussions are essential to harness the
potential of these technologies while safeguarding the rights and interests of individuals and
society.
 Ethical considerations in the use of AI and ML in India

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies are rapidly transforming
various sectors in India, including healthcare, finance, education, and governance. However,
the use of AI and ML raises significant ethical considerations, requiring appropriate legal
regulations to safeguard individual rights and societal values. This paper aims to analyze the
ethical considerations surrounding the use of AI and ML in India, taking into account
applicable laws and regulations under the Information Technology Law.

 Privacy and Data Protection

AI and ML systems heavily rely on vast amounts of data, posing concerns about privacy and
data protection. The Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures
and Sensitive Personal Data or Information) Rules, 2011, under the Information Technology
Act, 20002, regulate the collection, storage, and processing of personal data in India. The
rules emphasize the obligation of data controllers to obtain informed consent and implement
adequate security measures to protect personal information3.

 Bias and Discrimination

The algorithms used in AI and ML systems may inadvertently perpetuate bias and
discrimination, leading to unfair treatment and decisions. In order to minimize such biases,
the AI/ML systems should be trained on diverse and representative datasets. Additionally, the
Equal Remuneration Act, 1976, prohibits gender-based discrimination in the workplace,
thereby indirectly addressing potential bias embedded in AI/ML systems in employment 4.
2
Information Technology Act, 2000
3
Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and Sensitive Personal Data or
Information) Rules, 2011
4
Equal Remuneration Act, 1976
  Transparency and Explainability

Transparency and explainability are essential to ensure accountability and trust in AI/ML
systems. The Right to Information Act, 2005, grants individuals the right to access
information held by public authorities, including AI/ML systems used by government
agencies5. Furthermore, the recent Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019, promotes
transparency by requiring organizations to provide individuals with clear and accessible
information about the processing of their personal data6.

 Consent and Autonomy

AI/ML systems should respect individual autonomy, ensuring the well-informed consent of
individuals involved. The Indian Contract Act, 1872, recognizes free consent as an essential
element for the validity of a contract, which includes consent obtained through AI/ML
systems7. Additionally, the draft Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019, emphasizes the
importance of obtaining explicit consent for processing personal data.

 Accountability and Liability

Assigning responsibility and liability for AI/ML systems is crucial in cases of harm or
potential violations of rights. The Information Technology Act, 2000, imposes civil and
criminal liability on intermediaries who fail to observe due diligence in the handling of
electronic documents and data. (Information Technology Act, 2000) Furthermore, the
Consumer Protection Act, 2019, holds manufacturers and service providers accountable for
defective products or services, including AI/ML systems8.
5
Right to Information Act, 2005
6
Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019
7
Indian Contract Act, 1872
8
Consumer Protection Act, 2019
The rapid integration of AI and ML technologies in India necessitates the consideration of
ethical implications and the development of legal frameworks that ensure the protection of
individual rights and societal values. Privacy, bias, transparency, consent, and accountability
are key ethical dimensions that require attention and regulation under the existing
Information Technology Law. By effectively addressing these concerns, India can leverage
the potential benefits of AI and ML while avoiding their potential harms.

Bias and Fairness

Concerns have been raised about the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine
learning (ML) technology in numerous fields. AI and machine learning systems learn from
massive volumes of data, and if the training data contains biases, the results might be
discriminatory and perpetuate existing disparities. This section examines the legal issues of
bias and fairness in AI and ML systems in the Indian context, emphasising the possibility for
biassed algorithms and the legal ramifications of biassed outputs.

AI algorithms are designed to make predictions, decisions, or recommendations based on

patterns and correlations found in the training data. However, if the training data is biased,
such as containing historical discrimination or underrepresentation, the algorithms can
inadvertently perpetuate those biases. This can lead to discriminatory outcomes in areas such
as hiring practices, loan approvals, criminal justice systems, and access to opportunities9.

To address these concerns, legal frameworks need to provide guidelines and mechanisms for
detecting and mitigating bias in AI and ML systems. Organizations deploying AI systems
should be required to conduct thorough bias assessments and take steps to ensure fairness in
algorithmic decision-making processes. This includes implementing transparency measures
to understand how algorithms function, enabling individuals to contest or challenge
algorithmic decisions, and establishing accountability mechanisms for addressing instances of
bias and discrimination.

Indian case law provides valuable insights into the legal and ethical dilemmas surrounding
bias in AI and ML systems. For example, the K.S. Puttaswamy cases and Google India Pvt.
9
https://haas.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/UCB_Playbook_R10_V2_spreads2.pdf.
Ltd. v. Visaka Industries Limited (2017)10 highlighted the importance of fairness and non-
discrimination in the application of AI systems. The cases emphasized the need for
algorithms to be auditable, explainable, and accountable, ensuring that individuals have the
right to understand and challenge decisions made by AI systems.

It is critical to increase diversity and inclusivity in the development and deployment of AI

and ML technologies in order to promote justice and eliminate bias. This includes
diversifying the teams involved in AI system development, incorporating various
perspectives in algorithm design, and auditing and monitoring systems on a regular basis for
biases and discriminatory effects.

Furthermore, regulatory frameworks should promote the collecting of varied and

representative data sets in order to maintain justice and avoid underrepresentation or
marginalisation of specific groups. Clear criteria should be set for organisations to assess and
resolve bias in their AI and ML systems, and fines for discriminatory practises should be
implemented.

By addressing the legal implications of bias and fairness in AI and ML systems and drawing
insights from relevant Indian case law, this section underscores the importance of proactive
measures to detect, mitigate, and prevent bias. It emphasizes the need for legal frameworks to
promote transparency, accountability, and fairness, ensuring that AI and ML technologies
contribute to a more equitable society11.

10
https://indiankanoon.org/doc/144020000/
11
https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-11/Ai_for_All_2022_02112022_0.pdf.
 Regulation and Governance

As artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies gain traction in India,
there is a rising demand for effective legal frameworks to control their development,
deployment, and use. This part reviews India's current regulatory landscape, investigates the
issues and inadequacies in the current system, and emphasises the need for comprehensive
rules to handle the legal consequences of AI and ML technologies.

The Information Technology Act of 2000 is the foundational legislation in India that governs
different sectors of technology. It does not, however, address the special issues offered by AI
and ML technologies. As a result, there are no defined norms or standards for AI and ML
systems, resulting in legal uncertainty and associated hazards.

To close this gap, the Indian government has suggested an AI Regulatory Framework to
govern AI technologies and applications. This approach attempts to assure openness,
accountability, and ethical AI use across industries. The suggested framework, however, is
still in its early phases, and its usefulness in tackling the complex legal concerns related with
AI and machine learning needs to be seen.

One of the most difficult difficulties in regulating AI and ML technologies is establishing a

balance between stimulating innovation and maintaining individual and societal protection.
While encouraging innovation is critical for technical progress, it is also critical to protect
against possible drawbacks such as privacy violations, discrimination, and biassed decision-
making. Regulatory frameworks should be intended to encourage responsible innovation and
to put protections in place to limit the dangers associated with AI and ML systems.

Furthermore, the regulatory framework should address problems of liability and

accountability. Determining legal accountability for AI systems is complicated since
numerous parties, including developers, manufacturers, and users, may be held accountable
for AI systems' actions or decisions. In circumstances where AI systems inflict harm or
breach legal and ethical standards, clear guidelines and methods should be established to
apportion responsibility and assure accountability.

Collaboration among diverse stakeholders is required to successfully regulate AI and ML

technology. Policymakers, legal experts, industry leaders, and civil society organisations
must collaborate to create comprehensive regulatory frameworks that meet the particular
issues brought by AI and machine learning. These frameworks should take into account the
specific demands and situations of Indian society, as well as allow flexibility to adapt to the
changing nature of technology.

Relevant Indian case law, such as the Sabu Mathew George v. Union of India case (2018)12,
further sheds light on the legal implications and the evolving nature of AI regulation in India.
This case addressed privacy concerns related to the collection and sharing of personal data by
social media platforms. It emphasized the need for robust data protection regulations and
highlighted the role of courts in safeguarding individuals' rights in the digital age.

12
https://www.lawinsider.in/judgment/sabu-mathew-george-vs-union-of-india-others
 Why AI is important for Indian legal frameworks?

AI's significance extends beyond our everyday experiences and into the world of law, where
it has important consequences for Indian legal structures. AI has the potential to expedite
operations and give more efficient and accurate forecasts of case outcomes using the massive
amounts of data generated in the legal profession.

Furthermore, AI can assist in identifying trends and biases within the legal system, resulting
in a more equitable and just approach to the law. As a result, the continuing incorporation of
AI into Indian legal frameworks is critical for enhancing access to justice and ensuring that
our legal system remains relevant and successful in the twenty-first century.

 Predict legal outcomes:

With AI, legal professionals can access vast quantities of information, combs through
previous cases to find relevant points of law and make more accurate predictions about how a
particular case will resolve. This has allowed legal experts to deliver their services more
efficiently and effectively, resulting in better outcomes for clients.

 Aiding to provide quality justice:

Furthermore, AI tools and automation can help reduce the number of human errors within the
legal system, making it less prone to mistakes and improving the overall quality of justice
delivered.

 Expedite legal proceedings:

With its ability to quickly analyse vast amounts of data and detect patterns, AI could help
streamline and expedite legal procedures in India. This could be especially beneficial in a
country that faces a backlog of millions of pending cases and where the legal system can be
slow and laborious.

 Unbiased legal system:

Additionally, AI can assist in identifying biases and inconsistencies in the legal process,
ultimately leading to more fair and just outcomes.

 Simple legal communication for non-specialist:

AI-powered legal tools now have the potential to streamline workflows and reduce the time
needed for legal research and compliance analysis. Meanwhile, natural language processing
(NLP) tools using AI can help simplify legal communication, especially for non-specialists.

 Accurate analysis of legal data:

It also has the potential to revolutionize the legal industry in India. By implementing AI in
India's legal frameworks, lawyers and judges could streamline their work, conduct automated
legal research, and analyse vast amounts of legal data efficiently within short period.

AI is not the replacement of lawyers

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a hot topic in many areas, including law. The idea of AI
replacing human lawyers has been debated extensively, but the truth is that AI cannot
completely replace lawyers.

While AI can help with activities like legal research and document review, it lacks the
sensitivity and creativity that only humans can bring to the table.

Indeed, AI can help lawyers by allowing them to focus on more complicated work and giving
them with data-driven insights to help them make informed decisions.

Artificial intelligence is not meant to replace attorneys. While machine learning can be used
to examine data and forecast outcomes based on patterns, human judgement and
interpretation of the law are still required. It's crucial to remember that the law is always
changing, and AI will never be able to provide the same level of complexity and context that
a human lawyer can.
Artificial intelligence, often referred to as AI, has been a buzzword in many industries for a
while now. In the context of the legal profession, while AI can be used to augment legal work
and improve efficiency, it cannot fully replace the expertise and judgment that a human
lawyer brings to the table.
It is crucial to remember, however, that AI is not intended to replace lawyers. While
technology can help with some duties and provide insights, the legal profession requires
nuanced interpretation and decision-making that a machine cannot mimic. Instead, AI can
help lawyers by speeding processes and offering useful data analysis.
 Case studies on legal and ethical challenges faced by AI
and ML systems in India

The rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML)
technologies have significantly impacted various industries, including healthcare, finance,
and transportation13. However, with the proliferation of AI and ML systems in India, several
legal and ethical challenges have emerged.

Case Study 1: Biased Algorithms in Loan Approval Systems

In recent years, various financial institutions in India have adopted AI-powered loan approval
systems to streamline and automate the loan application process. However, these systems
have faced criticism for their biased algorithmic models. For instance, a leading bank in India
faced a legal dispute when it was discovered that its AI-based loan approval system was
systematically discriminating against minority communities and women. The legal challenge
revolved around the violation of the Right to Equality as enshrined in the Indian Constitution
and the Information Technology Act, as the system's biased decision-making was considered
discriminatory. The case ultimately led to the bank revising and retraining its algorithmic
models to ensure fairness and mitigate the risk of discriminatory practices.

Case Study 2: Privacy Concerns with Facial Recognition Systems

The deployment of facial recognition systems by law enforcement agencies and private
entities has raised significant privacy concerns in India. A notable case involved an airport
authority deploying facial recognition systems without appropriate consent or safeguards in
place. Citizens argued that the use of facial recognition technology violated their right to
privacy, as guaranteed by the landmark judgment of the Indian Supreme Court in the
Puttaswamy case. The legal challenge emphasized the need for AI and ML systems to
comply with privacy laws, including the Information Technology (Reasonable Security
Practices and Procedures and Sensitive Personal Data or Information) Rules, 2011, which
mandate stringent data protection measures and consent requirements.
13
https://reporter.rit.edu/tech/bigotry-encoded-racial-bias-technology.”
Case Study 3: Liability and Transparency Issues in Autonomous Vehicles

The emergence of autonomous vehicles powered by AI and ML algorithms has led to

complex legal and ethical challenges. A case study highlights an accident involving a self-
driving car in India. The key legal challenge revolved around liability, as the accident
occurred due to a failure in the vehicle's autonomous system. The Information Technology
(Intermediary Guidelines) Rules, 2011, were the focus of the case, examining the liability of
AI and ML system providers for accidents/incidents caused by the autonomous vehicles they
produce. The case resulted in increased scrutiny of safety standards, algorithmic
transparency, and ethical considerations like ensuring human oversight and intervention
capabilities in these autonomous systems.

The case studies exemplify the legal and ethical challenges faced by AI and ML systems in
India, which necessitate the implementation of robust legal frameworks and ethical
guidelines. The Information Technology Law plays a crucial role in addressing these
challenges, ensuring compliance with constitutional rights, promoting fairness, protecting
privacy, and establishing liability standards. By consistently evolving these legal frameworks,
India can create an environment conducive to the responsible development and deployment
of AI and ML systems, safeguarding societal interests and individual rights.
 Recommendations for policy makers to address legal
and ethical implications of AI and ML in India.

As policy makers focus on addressing the legal and ethical implications of Artificial
Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in India, they should consider the following
recommendations:

1. Adopt comprehensive data protection laws: Introduce specific regulations to address data
privacy concerns related to AI and ML technologies. This should include provisions on data
collection, storage, processing, and sharing, with a focus on informed consent, purpose
limitation, and data minimization.

2. Create a regulatory framework for algorithmic accountability: Develop guidelines to

ensure that algorithms used in AI and ML systems are fair, transparent, and accountable.
Establish mechanisms for auditing and certifying algorithmic systems to prevent
discrimination and bias in decision-making processes.

3. Promote algorithmic transparency: Encourage AI and ML developers to disclose details

about their algorithms, methodologies, and data sources to promote accountability, fairness,
and user understanding of system outputs. This can be achieved through mandatory
disclosures and guidelines for algorithmic transparency.

4. Establish liability frameworks: Determine liability frameworks for AI and ML systems,

holding developers, users, and organizations accountable for any harm caused by these
technologies. Foster a risk-based approach, ensuring that appropriate safeguards and remedies
are in place.
5. Develop ethical guidelines for AI and ML: Establish a national framework to guide the
ethical development, deployment, and use of AI and ML technologies. These guidelines
should encompass issues such as fairness, accountability, transparency, explainability, safety,
and human control over AI systems.

6. Foster interdisciplinary collaborations: Encourage collaboration between legal experts,

computer scientists, industry stakeholders, and civil society organizations to address the legal
and ethical implications of AI and ML. This can lead to a more holistic and balanced policy
framework.

7. Support research and innovation: Invest in research and development to address emerging
legal and ethical challenges related to AI and ML. Encourage collaboration between
academia, industry, and government bodies to foster innovation while ensuring legal and
ethical compliance.

8. Enhance public awareness and education: Launch public awareness campaigns to educate
citizens about the potential risks and benefits of AI and ML technologies. Promote digital
literacy to empower individuals to make informed decisions when interacting with AI
systems.

9. Establish regulatory bodies: Consider the establishment of specialized regulatory bodies or

dedicated divisions within existing regulatory agencies to oversee AI and ML technologies.
These bodies can develop expertise, provide guidance, and monitor compliance with relevant
laws and regulations.

10. International cooperation: Collaborate with international organizations, governments, and

industry bodies to establish global standards and protocols for the legal and ethical use of AI
and ML technologies. This can facilitate cross-border data sharing, interoperability, and
accountability.
By implementing these recommendations, policy makers can create a robust legal and ethical
framework that promotes responsible and inclusive development and deployment of AI and
ML technologies in India.
 References

1. Assessing the Intelligence of the Artificial Intelligence in Law: Prospects in India

2. IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON INDIAN LEGAL-Prime Legal
3. Artificial Intelligence Regulation: India’s Need for Legal Framework
4. Ethical concerns mount as AI takes bigger decision-making role – Harvard Gazette
5. THE ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF AI IN THE INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM:
ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY – Legal Developments
6. Artificial Intelligence And Laws In India
7. https://indiaai.gov.in/ai
8. https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=170231
9. https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/
constitution_of_four_committees_on_artificial_intelligence.pdf.
10. https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2019-01/NationalStrategy-for-AI-Discussion-
Paper.pdf