UNIVERSITY OF ENGINNERING AND TECHNOLOGY,

TAXILA

Subject: DBS LAB

Assignment No # 01
Dated: 15/02/24 (Thursday)

Submitted By:
Wajeeha Islam
22-SE-18
(OMEGA)

Submitted To:

Ma’am Rabia

Department of Software Engineering,

UET TAXILA
Q:NO:01: What is ‘DOMAIN’ SQL

SQL 'DOMAIN' Statement:

Creating and managing databases can be a complex task, especially when dealing with
extensive data types and constraints. The SQL 'DOMAIN' statement acts as a solution to this
concern, providing a way to define a field with specific data type and constraint, which can be
reused throughout the database. This tutorial aims to provide a comprehensive understanding
of the SQL 'DOMAIN' statement, its syntax, usage, and benefits.

Understanding the 'DOMAIN' Statement:

In SQL, a DOMAIN is a named data type with a specified size, precision, and constraints. It
allows you to create a custom data type that can be used across multiple tables, ensuring data
integrity and consistency. It's like creating a template for a particular type of column.

Creating a DOMAIN

The syntax for creating a DOMAIN in SQL is as follows:

CREATE DOMAIN domain_name [AS] data_type

[DEFAULT expression]

[CHECK (condition)];

Here, 'domain_name' is the name of the domain, 'data_type' is the type of data the domain will
hold, 'DEFAULT expression' is an optional default value, and 'CHECK (condition)' is an
optional constraint that the data must meet.

Example of Creating a DOMAIN

CREATE DOMAIN Age AS INTEGER

DEFAULT 0

CHECK (VALUE >= 0 AND VALUE <= 120);

This statement creates a new DOMAIN called 'Age' that holds INTEGER values. The default
value is 0, and the CHECK constraint ensures that the age is between 0 and 120.

CREATE TABLE Employee (

EmployeeID INT PRIMARY KEY,

FirstName VARCHAR(50),

LastName VARCHAR(50),
 Age INT CHECK (Age >= 18),

Salary DECIMAL(10, 2) CHECK (Salary >= 0)

);

In this example, EmployeeID is an integer, FirstName and LastName are variable character
strings, Age is an integer with a CHECK constraint ensuring it's 18 or older, and Salary is a
decimal with a CHECK constraint ensuring it's non-negative. These constraints help define the
domain for each column, specifying the valid range or conditions for the data.

CREATE DOMAIN PositiveIntDomain AS INTEGER CHECK (VALUE >= 0);

CREATE TABLE Employee (

EmployeeID PositiveIntDomain PRIMARY KEY,

FirstName VARCHAR(50),

LastName VARCHAR(50),

Age PositiveIntDomain CHECK (Age >= 18),

Salary DECIMAL(10, 2) CHECK (Salary >= 0)

);

Advantages of Using 'DOMAIN' Statements

Using DOMAIN statements in SQL provide several benefits:

• Consistency: By defining a DOMAIN, you ensure that all fields using this DOMAIN
have the same data type, size, and constraints, promoting data consistency.
• Data Integrity: The CHECK constraint in a DOMAIN enforces specific rules on the
data, which enhances data integrity.
• Efficiency: Instead of writing the same constraints for multiple fields, you can define
a DOMAIN once and reuse it, saving time and effort.

DOMAIN in Oracle SQL:

There are tow ways to insert domain in SQL:
1. Check constraint
2. User-defined
CHECK constraint:
1. Creating the Product Table with columns for product_id, product_name, and price.:
2. The price column has a check constraint (CHECK (price >= 0)) to ensure that the price
is non-negative.
3. There's a valid_price_range constraint that checks whether the price is within a valid
range

4. Inserting the correct values:

5. Inserting the Invalid Value:

6. Viewing Table:
User-defined:
1. Create Object Type:

Output:

2. Create Table Using User-Defined Type:

Conclusion

Understanding the SQL 'DOMAIN' statement and its usage is critical for any software
developer dealing with databases. It not only promotes data consistency and integrity but also
enhances efficiency.